Maths Ch-2

Fractions and Decimals

Multiplication of Fractions
1. To multiply a whole number with a proper or an improper fraction, we
multiply the whole number with the numerator of the fraction, keeping
the denominator same.
5 10
Eg - 2× 3 = 3
2. To multiply a mixed fraction with a whole number, first convert the mixed
fraction to an improper fraction and then multiply.
5 19 57 1
Eg - 3×2 7 =3× 7 =
7
=8
7
3. To multiply a fraction with a fraction, we multiply the numerator with
numerator and denominator with denominator.
1 5 5
Eg - 2 × 3 = 6

Value of the Products

1. The value of the product of two proper fractions is smaller than each of
the two fractions.
2. The value of the product of two improper fractions is more than each of
the two fractions.
3. The value of the product of a proper fraction and an improper fraction
obtained is less than the improper fraction and greater than the proper
fraction.

Reciprocal of a Fraction
1. The non-zero numbers whose product with each other is 1, are called the
5 9
reciprocals of each other. So reciprocal of 9 is 5 .

Division of Fractions
1. To divide a whole number by a fraction, we multiply the whole number
with the reciprocal of the fraction.
2 5 35
Eg - 7÷ 5 =7× 2 = 2
 2. To divide a fraction by a whole number, we multiply the fraction with the
reciprocal of the whole number.
3 3 1 3 1
Eg - 4 ÷3= 4 × 3 = 12 = 4
3. To divide a fraction by another fraction, we multiply the dividend with the
reciprocal of the divisor.
1 6 1 5 5
Eg - 3 ÷ 5 = 3 × 6 = 18

Multiplication of Decimal Numbers

1. To multiply decimal numbers with whole numbers, multiply them as whole
numbers. The product will contain the same number of digits after the
decimal point as that of the decimal number.
Eg - 11.3 × 4 = 45.2
2. When a decimal number is multiplied by 10, 100 or 1000, the digits in the
product are same as in the decimal number but the decimal point in the
product is shifted to the right by as, many of places as there are zeros over
one.
Eg - 1.76 × 10 = 17.6
1.76 × 100 = 176
1.76 × 1000 = 1760
3. To multiply decimals with decimals, multiply the decimal numbers without
decimal points and then give decimal point in the answer as many places
same as the total number of places right to the decimal points in both
numbers.

Eg -

Division of Decimal Numbers

1. To divide a decimal number by a whole number, we first convert the
decimal number into a fraction and then divide the fraction by the whole
number.
4325 4325 1
Eg - 45.25÷5= 100 ÷5=
100
× =9.05
5
2. To divide a decimal number by a decimal number, we first convert the
both decimal numbers into fractions and then divide the fraction.
4525 5 4525 10
Eg - 45.25÷0.5= 100 ÷ =
10 100
× =90.5
5
3. While dividing a number by 10, 100 or 1000, the digits of the number and
the quotient are same but the decimal point in the quotient shifts to the
left by as many places as there are zeros over 1.
Eg - 2.38 ÷ 10 = 0.238
2.38 ÷ 100 = 0.0238
2.38 ÷ 1000 = 0.00238