FFQ306 FF Grammar Grade 3 (Pages 136) Final Low Resolution

GRAMMAR
TM
AND
CREATIVE WRITING
3
By
Mrs. Preeti Wagh
M. A., B. Ed.
Edited by
Mr. Behram Mohta
B. A., B. Ed.
Name:
Std: Div:
Roll No:
School:
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Preface
The Firefly Grammar Series, takes us on a journey towards blended learning, i.e. an inductive approach which
integrates technology with traditional instructional methods. Meticulous efforts have been made towards the
enhancement of language skills through activity based approach to learning. The book is based on guidelines of
new NEP, making it more holistic and practical, leading to overall development of the learner.
This grammar book is the best combination of offline and online learning which compliment each other. It is an
asset to the learner, synchronizing well with the present time.
Key Attributes/Points/Aspects
• effective and simple, age appropriate content
• based on the guidelines of new NEP
• multi-disciplinary approach for better clarity of content
• skill based activities encouraging subject enrichment
• VARK based modules of student learning for an inclusive and fun filled experience
• explanation of grammar concepts and answers to all the activities - just a scan away!
• concepts/ rules introduced step by step with an inductive approach
• division of content into creative headers for easy learning
Most importantly, the series combines technology with traditional instructional methods by adding QR
Codes. It is a convenient and effective method of learning, as students can always access the content, revisit as
per convenience, for better understanding. Codes can be accessed with ease, by just scanning the code. A real
life classroom teaching is experienced by the students, when well learned and knowledgeable teachers explain
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information about the concept and exercise based codes deal with providing step by step derivation to the answer
of the asked questions. Each and every step is taught visually under the guidance of a teacher. The book is a handy
asset for the teachers as it supports their teaching in the form of practice and revision for the learners, making the
learning more efficient and effective.
Digital content accompanies extra worksheets in the App, for maximum practice and retention of the
knowledge acquired. It is the best way to self-assess the learning and encourage oneself towards improvement.
Worksheets are based on the chapter taught and carefully created with purpose, to develop various cognitive,
comprehensive and critical thinking skills. The worksheets can be downloaded or printed as per the convenience
of the learners.
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(ii)
GRAMMAR: The heart of language welcomes you!
• On Your Mark - Learn • Get Set - Enjoy • Go! - Apply • Going Beyond – Explore
Grammar
1 Sentences
On Your Mark Fun, holistic activity based introduction of the content,

If you look keenly, the sentences given below may look weaving it with the previous knowledge.
Activity 1 odd! Can you arrange them properly?
country my India is
(1) ............................................................................................................................................
Get Set Development of the concept through passages, working of

 What is a sentence?
rules and examples, leading to improved language skills.
• A group of words, which makes complete sense on its own, is
called a sentence.
Go Understand the concept/ rule in depth and apply acquired

Identify the subject and circle it with pink coloured knowledge through activities.
Activity 2 pencil.
(1) Rajeev sent some flowers. (2) Sonia came home late.
Classroom Activity
Practical activities applicable in a classroom setup.
Complete the following sentences to create a humorous ending.
(1) My mom sent me to get some vegetable but I .......................................................
....................................................................................... .
Going Beyond Subject Enrichment-fun facts/ additional knowledge of the

Imperative sentences have the pronoun ‘you’ or the subject is hidden at concept for learning beyond textbook.
the beginning. Since it is an order, request or a suggestion, the hidden ‘you’ is
understood even if it is not written.
Sentences 5 Creative Writing
7 Recipe Writing
Arouse curiosity about the writing skill to be learnt. On Your Mark

 Recipe is a list of things to do/required while cooking something.
• Writing skill provided to improve language skills.
 It is to be followed correctly.
• Inductive method used to understand the content, i.e.  Add the things to the food as instructed and at the proper time.
Introduction, body and conclusion. Get Set
• How to edit the topic written?  Steps are the most important
 Follow order properly
 Give details about how to make a recipe, what to use, how much time to
cook, etc.
Guided writing skills provided for practice.  Use action verbs to show what is to be done.
Solved example Solved Example

Written examples of the given topic. Your mother is feeling a little tired and has asked you to make tea. What
steps will you follow? Look at the picture and write down your actions.
Go
Write a ‘thank you’ note to your elder brother, thanking
Activity 1 him for the birthday gift he gave you this year.
To,
Assignments given to reinforce the skill learnt. .....................................................................................
Hello ................................................................................................... I wanted to ...............................................................................
.
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The gift ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Recipe Writing 105
(iii)
Contents
Grammar 15. Conjunctions .......................................................... 80
1. Sentences ....................................................................... 5 16. Prepositions ..............................................................85
2. Subject and Predicate ....................................10 17. Punctuations ...........................................................89
3. Sentences-Simple and Compound ......14 18. Vocabulary - Figures of Speech ........... 94
4. Phrases ...........................................................................18 19. Reading Comprehension ............................97
5. Forming Questions ...........................................23 Creative Writing

6. Nouns ...............................................................................29 1. Letter Writing ..................................................... 105
7. Pronouns ..................................................................... 38 2. Thank You Note ............................................... 111
8. Adjectives ...................................................................43 3. Descriptive Writing ...................................... 114
9. Articles ...........................................................................48 4. Poetry Writing ................................................... 120
10. Verbs ................................................................................ 54 5. Dialogue Writing ............................................. 122
11. Tenses - Simple Tense .....................................59

T 6. Story Writing ....................................................... 125
12. Tenses - Continuous Tense .......................65

T 7. Recipe Writing ................................................... 128
13. Tenses - Perfect Tense ....................................71

T 8. Picture Description ...................................... 131
14. Adverbs .........................................................................75  Answer Key ............................................... 135
Enrichment Worksheets
Scan to get printable

worksheets
(iv)
1 Sentences
On Your Mark
If you look keenly, the sentences given below may look
Activity 1 odd! Can you arrange them properly?
country my India is
(1) ............................................................................................................................................
father car washed the

(2) ............................................................................................................................................
we play everyday garden in the

(3) ............................................................................................................................................
Seema best friend my is

(4) ............................................................................................................................................
Get Set
 What is a sentence?
• A group of words, which makes complete sense on its own, is
called a sentence.
Sentences 5
• A sentence:
(a) expresses a complete thought or idea.
(b) always begins with a capital letter.
Note:
A group of words which does not make complete sense is called a phrase.
ead the groups of words given below and put a tick beside the set of
R
words which make complete sense to you.
(1) … in the sky
(2) The sun rises in the east.
(3) … by the river
(4) Yash got a new pencil pouch to class.
• Students, the 1st and 3rd set of words do not make complete sense and are
not clear. Hence they are called ‘Phrases’.
• However, the 2nd and the 4th set of words make complete sense and therefore
are ‘Sentences’.
I dentify whether the following words are ‘Phrases’ or
Activity 2 ‘Sentences’. Write the word ‘phrases’ with a blue
colour pencil and ‘sentences’ with a red colour pencil.
(1) at his house ............................................................
(2) on the table ............................................................
(3) Don’t go. ............................................................
(4) Help me out. ............................................................
(5) in and out ............................................................
(6) Please pass the salt. ............................................................
(7) near the temple ............................................................
(8) I am angry. ............................................................
6 Firefly QRBOOK Grammar – 3

 Identifying different types of sentences
. ! ?
(a) Assertive sentences: These are also called declarative sentences or
statements. These sentences end with a full stop (.).
For example:
• It is a very exciting day.
• I will read my book for some time.
(b) Exclamatory sentences: These sentences are used to express strong feelings
and they end with an exclamation mark (!).
For example:
• What a thrilling match it was!
• How tired she looked!
(c) Interrogative sentences: These sentences are used to ask a question and
hence end with a question mark (?).
For example:
• Where do you stay?
• When will you come back home?
(d) Imperative sentences: These express orders, requests or suggestions. They
end with a full stop (.).
For example:
• Close the door.
• Please bring me some food.
Tick the correct type of sentence among the given
Activity 3 options.
(1) Jessy runs on the ground.
(a) assertive (b) interrogative (c) exclamatory
Sentences 7
(2) What a brave boy Parth is!
(a) interrogative (b) exclamatory (c) imperative
(3) Doesn’t the sun rise in the east?

(a) assertive (b) imperative (c) interrogative
(4) Close the windows at once.

(a) interrogative (b) exclamatory (c) imperative
(5) They pray to God every day.

(a) exclamatory (b) assertive (c) imperative
Go
Now that we have learnt how sentences are formed
and punctuated, arrange the following sentences in
Activity 4 the correct order. Do not forget to start with a capital
letter.
(1) are how doing you?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) a joke what funny is it!
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) the class talking in stop.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) your in help friends need.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) home will you when come?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................

(6) need money I some.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(7) sad was how she!
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(8) Got he an watch expensive.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Classroom Activity
Complete the following sentences to create a humorous ending.
(1) My mom sent me to get some vegetable but I .........................................................
..................................................................................... .
(2) Our neighbour has a dog who ................................................................................................................. .

(3) Looking at the sky, I thought ...................................................................................................................... .
(4) In the school recess, we ................................................................................................................................... .
(5) The funniest thing about me is .............................................................................................................. .
Going Beyond
Imperative sentences have the pronoun ‘you’ or the subject is
hidden at the beginning. Since it is an order, request or a suggestion,
the hidden ‘you’ is understood even if it is not written.
For example:
(1) Please cut the cake. → (You) please cut the cake. Request
(2) Carry the bags for me. → (You) carry the bags for me. Order
(3) Take some rest → (You) take some rest. Suggestion
Note:
The shortest sentences in English are Imperative sentences like ‘Come.’, ‘Go.’,
‘Stop.’.
Sentences 9
2 Subject and Predicate
On Your Mark
Meet Mr. Sentence. He is going to a party. He needs to
carry some sentences in his suitcase. Identify the
Activity 1 sentences from the list and tick them for Mr. Sentence.
Remember Mr. Sentence needs words that make
complete sense!
(1) I have a secret dragon.

(2) Who is living in the tub?
(3) It greets me.
(4) Gives my back a scrub
(5) Masha and her blanket
(6) Masha couldn’t sleep.
(7) Her bed was hard and
pillow was big.
(8) Anansi was in trouble.
Get Set
• A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense.
• A sentence includes a subject and a predicate.
• Subject is the person or thing that we are speaking about. It is generally
placed at the starting of a sentence.
For e.g. (1) Sumit drives a car.
(2) Aarti sings a song.
(3) Hameed broke a vase.
 What is a predicate?
• A predicate is that part of the sentence which tells us more about the
subject.
For e.g. (1) The train moved fast.
(2) Harshali drank the juice.
(3) Shahid dances well.
• The predicate must contain the verb.
Subject + Predicate = Sentence
 Steps to find a subject
(1) Pick out the nouns in a sentence.
(2) Find out which noun we are speaking about.
(3) You may ask ‘what’ or ‘who’ to the verb. The answer you get will be the
subject.
For e.g.
Sunday is a holiday.
Noun Noun
Which one is focused more?
Sunday
OR
Ask ‘what’ is a holiday?
Answer is, ‘Sunday’ is a holiday.
Note:
Once you find a subject, what remains will be the predicate.
Subject and Predicate 11
Go
Identify the subject and circle it with pink coloured
Activity 2 pencil.
(1) Rajeev sent some flowers. (2) Sonia came home late.
(3) Arvind took the chocolates. (4) My pen fell off the desk.
(5) A tiger is also called a ‘big cat’. (6) The car was speeding towards us.
(7) The Taj Mahal is one of the wonders of the world.
Activity 3 Underline the predicate in following sentences.

(1) Simar sent a letter. (2) Atif passed the ball.
(3) Rohini plays guitar. (4) The storm destroyed everything.
(5) The manager is late for the meeting.
Match the following subjects with their suitable

Activity 4 predicates.
Column – A Column – B
(1) The farmer (a) fills his trunk with water.
(2) A bird (b) orbits the Earth.
(3) An elephant (c) twinkle in the sky.
(4) A mother (d) meets the ocean.
(5) Stars (e) chirps loudly.
(6) The Moon (f) sows the seeds.
(7) A river (g) nurtures her child.

Classroom Activity
Fill the names of your friends as subjects in following sentences:
(1) .................................................................................................................... helps everyone in class.
(2) .................................................................................................................... draws the best sketches.
(3) .................................................................................................................... is the tallest boy.
(4) .................................................................................................................... is the fastest running student.
(5) .................................................................................................................... is the smartest girl.
Going Beyond
Subjects and predicates do not always come placed at a fixed position in a
sentence. But we can guess the subject by observing and understanding a
sentence correctly.
For example:
(a) Tired and hungry, Omar reached a big house.
(b) In the 15th century, Emperor Babur found the Mughal empire.
(c) Oh no, the child is locked in the car!
Subject and Predicate 13

3 Sentences - Simple and Compound
On Your Mark
A sentence is a group of words which convey a meaning.
For a meaningful sentence, the words or phrases in it have to be
arranged correctly.
Let’s frame some sentences.
Rearrange the following words into meaningful
Activity 1 sentences.
is / red / watermelon / colour / in

(1) .........................................................................................................................................................
the / is / sweetest / fruit / mango

(2)
.........................................................................................................................................................
taste / to / is / orange / sour

(3)
.........................................................................................................................................................
berry / type / banana / is / of / a

(4)
.........................................................................................................................................................
healthy / a / fruit / is / avacado

(5)
.........................................................................................................................................................
Get Set
 A simple sentence has only one clause. It contains:
• A Subject who is either the doer of the action or the noun
which the sentence talks about / describes.
• A Predicate which consists of the verb and any phrase / object / adverb
/ complement which adds to the meaning of the sentence.
For e.g. Amir listens to music. Simple Sentence
Subject Predicate
• Sometimes, simple sentences may include words like ‘and / but’.
For e.g. (1) Mehar and Sunil are friends.
Subject Predicate
(2) No one but Sameer came to help me.
me
Subject Predicate
 A compound sentence is one where two or more clauses (each with a

subject and a predicate) are joined by conjunctions like:
• and • but • or • so
• yet • therefore • for • nor
For e.g. (1) [He likes cakes] but [he dislikes chocolates.]
1 clause 1 clause
Joining word
(Conjunction)
He – Subject / likes cakes – Predicate (1st clause)
He – Subject / dislikes chocolates – Predicate (2nd clause)
Sentences - Simple and Compound 15

(2) [Sahiba is a footballer] and [her brother is a cricketer.]
1 clause 1 clause
Joining word
(Conjunction)
Sahiba – Subject / is a footballer – Predicate
Her brother – Subject / is a cricketer – Predicate
Note:
A compound sentence joins 2 sentences and not just two words or phrases.
Go
Pick out the subject and predicate in the sentences
Activity 2 given below:
(1) The swarm of bees attacked the hunter.

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) He and his sister decided to make a birthday card.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) The police arrested the robbers.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) Either of the parents have to attend the meeting.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) Harry and Ron tried to rescue Ginny from the chamber.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Write whether the following sentences are Simple or

Activity 3 Compound.
(1) The mountains are tall and beautiful. .............................................
(2) The tree shed leaves but they were not completely yellow. .............................................

(3) My mother and I went for shopping. .............................................
(4) She told me so I kept quiet. .............................................
(5) Pravin slept early today. .............................................
Classroom Activity
Read the poem and find out Simple and Compound sentences from it.
Merry Christmas
“Merry Christmas”, said the girls and boys.
Decorating a christmas tree with toys.
Sona hung a golden star and balls.
Vicky made pretty paper flowers.
Jenny put a silver string.
Others hung whatever they could bring.
Richa wore Santa’s clothes and cap.
A few children ran and sat on her lap.
Santa gave them goodies and toys.
They all sang “Merry Christmas” in one voice.
Going Beyond
The third type of sentence apart from Simple and Compound is
Complex sentence. These use subordinators to join sentences.
Words like what, when, where, why, that, because, etc are called
subordinators. They contain 2 clauses – one with a Subject and Predicate
called the Independent clause and one or more dependent clause.
For e.g. [I came home] when [the sun set.]
Independent clause (dependent)

clause
Subordinator
Sentences - Simple and Compound 17
4 Phrases
On Your Mark
Mike is confused, after seeing some group of words!
Some make complete sense to him and some do not.
Activity 1 Let’s help Mike. Write ‘S’ for those that make complete
sense and ‘P’ for those that do no, in the given box.
(1) Mary had a little lamb.
(2) with long ears
(3) in the class
(4) I love helping others.
(5) reading a book
(6) on the table
Get Set
• A phrase is a group of words which do not make complete sense
on its own but adds meaning to a sentence.
• A phrase also doesn’t contain a verb or an action word in it.
For example: in the garden, under the bed, near the river, etc.
These set of words are merely parts of sentences which do not make sense
when used on their own but add meaning when used with a Subject and a
verb in a sentence.
• Read the examples given below:
(1) We saw beautiful butterflies in the garden.
(2) I kept my small treasure chest under the bed.
(3) They set a tent near the river.
As the three phrases have become a part of a sentence, they now make
sense and add more meaning to it.
Read the table given below that highlights the difference between a Phrase
and a Sentence.
Phrase Sentence
• A group of words/part of a sentence • A group of words that express a
that do not express a complete idea. complete idea.
• It does not have a subject and verb. • It has a subject and a predicate.
• Phrases do not start with a capital • Sentences always start with a capital
letter or end with a punctuation letter and end with punctuation
mark. marks.
• For example: around the year • For example: Some fruits are
available around the year.
Go
 Marking a phrase:
• A phrase will be a group of words which are used together to create some
meaning.
• They do not contain a verb and cannot be used on their own.
Use the following phrases on your own to make

Activity 2 complete and meaningful sentences.
(1) a beautiful box

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) any answer
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) under the bridge
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Phrases 19
(4) very carefully
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) quite interesting
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(6) extremely cold
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(7) in our school
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(8) in a day
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(9) for seven days
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(10) without fear
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(11) here and there
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(12) around the house
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(13) in time
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(14) on the road
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(15) by heart
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................

atch the following as sentences or phrases by
M
Activity 3 drawing arrows. Use blue pencil to match the phrases
and green pencil to match the sentences.
(1) We woke up and went for a walk.
(2) outside the city
(3) hardly anything important
(4) The sun was setting in the sky. Phrase
(5) Please pass the salt.
(6) the old watchman
(7) What a happy day it was! Sentence
(8) really amazing
(9) on the counter
(10) Who are you?
Identify and underline the phrases in the following

Activity 4 sentences After you pick out the phrase the rest of the
sentence will have complete meaning.
(1) I wish to win the first prize.
(2) The boy on the bike is my brother.
(3) Did you like eating the cake?
(4) She always cooks with passion.
(5) The utensils fell with a loud noise.
(6) The bus stopped at the depot.
(7) We were organizing the function in the auditorium.
(8) A new shop has opened near the mall.
Phrases 21
Classroom Activity
• Complete the answers by filling suitable phrases.
(1) How old are you? → I am ........................................................................
(2) What do you do in your free time? → ................................................. I play football.
(3) What are you afraid of? → I am afraid .........................................................

(4) Where do you live? → I live .................................................
(5) Where did you keep the old photos? → I kept the old photos ....................................
............................
• Observe and present, how we use phrases in our day to day lives.
Going Beyond
We categorise phrases into –
• Noun phrase – Where a group of words function as a noun.
For example: We are sure about the cancellation of our plan
plan.
• Adjective phrase – Where a group of words function as an adjective.
For example: The man, near the building
building,, is my father.
• Adverb phrase – Where a group of words function as an adverb.
For example: He drove through the jungle quite carefully
carefully.

5 Forming Questions
On Your Mark
• We form different types of sentences while talking to others. We make
statements, try to express our feelings and emotions and also ask questions.
• Sentences that ask questions are called Interrogative sentences. They end
with a question mark (?).
• In such sentences, we ask questions and receive answers to them.
Students ‘wh-words’ are used to frame questions.
The table below lists all the ‘wh-words’ and the ways in which they are used to
frame questions.
Let’s read and understand.
Wh word Used to ask about Examples
What an object/action
What is the best solution for this problem?
When time When will I get to speak?
Where place Where are you going?
Why reason Why didn’t you listen to me?
How way of doing
How did you carry the heavy bags on your
something/manner
own?
Who person Who was the Chief Guest?
Which choice Which dress are you going to wear for the
party tonight?
These words help us to frame proper questions as per the situation and get
answers (to the desired questions) in a describing manner.
Fill in the blanks to frame suitable questions using
Activity 1 wh-words.
(1) ......................................................... was the last time you went to see your grandparents?
Forming Questions 23
(2) ......................................................... did the boy steal the bread?
(3) ......................................................... was absent in the class?
(4) ......................................................... kind of a person behaves so selfishly?
(5) ......................................................... did he buy this from?
(6) ......................................................... are you feeling now?
(7) ......................................................... perfume did you buy?
Frame 5 questions using different ‘wh-words’ on your

Activity 2 own. Circle the ‘wh-words’ used with any colour pencil
of your choice.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
Get Set
 There are some questions which can be answered with a simple
‘Yes’ or ‘No’. These are called ‘Yes-No’ questions.
We begin with helping verbs to form questions when we want
the answer in a simple yes or no.
The list of helping verbs is given below:
Is this bag for sale?

am, is, are, was,
‘be’ verbs
were, be
Are these fruits ripe?

Does the blender work?
‘do’ verbs do, does, did

Did you complete your
homework?
Has the programme started?
‘have’ verbs have, has, had

Have they finished
constructing the building?
The helping verb ‘can’ is used to express request or ability.

Read the examples given below:
• We use ‘can’ to ask for permission or request.
Can you give me your notes?
• Also, we use ‘can’ to ask if a person is able to do something.
Can he solve the problem?
Go
Match the following helping verbs to frame suitable
Activity 3 questions:
(1) Did (a) you know where my bag is kept?

(2) Are (b) you seen him today?
(3) Was (c) you coming to the party?
(4) Have (d) he call up after reaching home?
(5) Do (e) travelling in traffic at this time troublesome?
Put an ‘X’ mark in front of the questions which are
Activity 4 framed incorrectly.
(1) Can I see your cards?
(2) Can I had some coffee?
(3) Can we do something about it?
(4) Can he improves himself?
(5) Can we do anything to save the poor boy?
(6) Can the people do anything?
(7) Can I leave in sometime?
(8) Can we left in sometime?
Frame questions using the following helping verbs.

Start the question with the helping verb and end it with
Activity 5 a question mark. You may also use the word ‘not’ in the
questions.
(1) can - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(2) do - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(3) did - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(4) have - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(5) had - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(6) is - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................

(7) are - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(8) was - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(9) were - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
(10) does - ............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
Classroom Activity
Frame 4 to 5 questions using the following chart:
Note:
Make use of the ‘wh-word’, ‘be-verbs’, ‘do-verbs’, ‘have-verbs’ and ‘can’.
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
When ..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
What ..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
Where ..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
Going Beyond
Apart from ‘can’ the following helping verbs can be used to frame questions. It
may show necessity, possibility, ability, permission, request, advice, suggestion,
etc. These are:
Could Shall, Will, May, might,

should would must, etc.
• Could I please use your computer?

• Shall I wear the same dress for the party?
• Should we all practice for the show?
• Will you come along with us this evening?
• Would you be able to finish this exercise by tomorrow?
• May I go and have my lunch now?
• Might I ask you the question?
• Must you sing aloud in the bathroom?

6 Nouns
On Your Mark
A noun is a name given to someone or something. It can be the name of a
person, a place, an animal, a thing, an emotion or even a group.
For example: Zyan, Mumbai, zebra, zip, happy, children, etc.
Ask the question. ‘Is this the name of a person or a

Activity 1 thing?’ Circle the word from the given table with
purple colour pencil, if you get the answer ‘yes’.
cycle toys around before
now angry schools smart
sister fast here bottles
Nouns 29
Get Set
 Singular and Plural Nouns
Observe the following sentences:
I think we should buy a gift for I think we should buy some gifts
his birthday. for his birthday.
• In the first sentence, we see that only one thing (gift) is spoken about, but
in the second sentence, we talk about more than one thing (gifts).
• When we use a noun to show one object or person, it is called singular
noun and when it shows more than one object or persons, it is called a
plural noun.
 Let us understand how to make a plural form of a given noun.
• Generally, we add ‘s’ to most nouns to change it from singular to plural.
For example:
one cat - two/many cats one apple - two/many

apples
one ball - two/many one cake - two/many

balls cakes
• We add ‘es’ to nouns ending in ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘x’, ‘o’, ‘ch’ or ‘sh’ to change them
into plural.
one box - many boxes one dish - many dishes
one church - many churches one dress - many dresses
However, for certain nouns ending in ‘o’, simply add an ‘s’ to make it
plural.
piano - pianos igloo - igloos
• We add ‘ves’ to nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’.
leaf - leaves knife - knives
thief - thieves life - lives
Nouns 31
• For some nouns ending in ‘y’ in singular use ‘ies’ to make it plural.
fairy - fairies story - stories
factory - factories candy - candies
 Gender
 How do we use genders in English?
• A gender is usually assigned to a noun or pronoun.
• We talk about people referring to their gender i.e., male and
female and use appropriate pronouns for them.
• For example:
(a) When we talk about a boy or a man, we use masculine pronouns like
– he, him, his, himself.
(b) When we talk about a girl or a woman, we use feminine pronouns
like – she, her, hers, herself.
 We can form feminine nouns in the following ways.
• By adding ‘ess’ at the end of a masculine noun:
For example: host – hostess, priest – priestess
However, the spelling of the noun in masculine gender may change when
being written in feminine gender.
Read the set of words given below:
actor – actress tiger – tigress.
The spelling of the original term changes in case of words like ‘actor’, ‘tiger’
etc.
• By adding a set of letters/a word before or after the given noun:
For example: peacock – peahen, milkman – milk woman, policeman –
policewoman, grandfather – grandmother.
• The masculine and feminine gender maybe completely different in case
of some nouns:
For example: husband – wife, monk – nun, nephew – niece, uncle – aunt
 Neuter gender nouns:
• These nouns are used mostly for non-living things or objects.
• Pronoun like ‘it’ is are used to show neuter gender nouns.
• For example objects like chair, school, books, computers, etc. are neuter
gender nouns.
Go
Underline the noun or nouns in the following sentences
Activity 2 and state whether it is a singular or a plural noun.
(1) She bought flowers for us. ......................................................
(2) The boy left his bag here. ......................................................
(3) We are happy about his new car. ......................................................
(4) Do not waste pages of your book. ......................................................
(5) He planned to go out of town for the holidays. ......................................................
(6) I love to eat white chocolate. ......................................................
(7) Shreyas cleaned the shelves. ......................................................
(8) Jaya saw the cow grazing on the field. ......................................................
Activity 3 Make plural form of the following singular nouns:

Singular Plural Singular Plural
(1) song .............................................. (2) berry ..............................................
(3) hero .............................................. (4) studio ..............................................
Nouns 33
(5) echo .............................................. (6) hoof ..............................................
(7) bench .............................................. (8) calf ..............................................
Activity 4 Write the singular form of the following plural nouns.

Plural Singular Singular Plural
(1) apples .............................................. (2) candies ..............................................
(3) photos .............................................. (4) mangoes ..............................................
(5) bushes .............................................. (6) days ..............................................
(7) lives .............................................. (8) stitches ..............................................
Find the match for the feminine nouns with the

Activity 5 masculine nouns.
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(1) Mother (a) Brother
(2) Daughter (b) Lion
(3) Cow (c) Rooster
(4) Lioness (d) Father
(5) Poetess (e) Son
(6) Sister (f) Bull
(7) Hen (g) Poet
Rewrite the following sentences by using the

Activity 6 masculine/feminine nouns of underlined words.
(1) The hero has acted in many movies.

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................

(2) A spinster is a woman who is not yet married.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) The host invited everyone for dinner.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) The horse ran very fast.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) The landlady ordered the woman to pay the money.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Complete the following table by filling in the correct

Activity 7 gendered nouns.
Sr
Masculine Feminine
no
(1) Emperor ................................................................................
(2) ................................................................................ Queen
(3) ................................................................................ Bride
(4) Wizard ................................................................................
(5) Gentleman ................................................................................
(6) ................................................................................ She-goat
(7) fox ................................................................................
(8) ................................................................................ Bee
(9) Sir ................................................................................
(10) ................................................................................ Queen-cat

Nouns 35
Identify and circle the neuter gender noun/nouns in
Activity 8 the following sentences.
(1) The boys were playing near the tree.

(2) My pencil fell down from the desk.
(3) He recently bought a new car.
(4) Rhea walked inside the museum.
(5) Grapes are sour but bananas are sweet.
(6) She could not find my phone.
(7) The garden has beautiful flowers.
ow that you have studied Feminine, Masculine and

N
Neuter gender nouns, classify them and write them in
Activity 9 the table given below. Use the following colour pencils
to fill in the table. Red - Masculine gender nouns; Blue - Feminine
gender nouns; Green - neuter gender nouns
List:
Table lady man waitress king
bed sister widow box dog
notebook hunter enchantress nephew bucket
Masculine Feminine Neuter

(1) .................................................................... .................................................................... ....................................................................
(2) .................................................................... .................................................................... ....................................................................
(3) .................................................................... .................................................................... ....................................................................
(4) .................................................................... .................................................................... ....................................................................
(5) .................................................................... .................................................................... ....................................................................

Classroom Activity
• Refer students to a dictionary to find out about nouns which:
(a) Do not change from singular to plural.
For example: ‘Sheep’ is both the singular and plural form.
(b) Have an unusual plural form.
For example: The plural form of ‘child’ is ‘children’.
• Write down 5 pairs of masculine and feminine nouns that have not been
mentioned in the chapter in English and in your mother tongue in your
notebook.
Going Beyond
 Nouns can also be countable (which can be counted) and uncountable
(which cannot be counted/measured).
• Countable nouns can be used in a plural form.
For example: one book – many books.
• Uncountable nouns are only used in a singular form.
For example: water, salt, oil, sand, etc.
 Some nouns generally represent both the feminine and the masculine
gender.
• For example: singer, teacher, baby, children, friend, cousin, etc.
Nouns 37
7 Pronouns
On Your Mark
Zoya and Anne are best friends. Observe their
Activity 1 telephonic conversation and fill in the blanks with
suitable pronouns.
Zoya : Hi Anne! How are (1) .............................. ?
Anne : I am good. How are (2) ............................ ?
Zoya : Oh! (3) ......................................... am very
bored. Lockdown has really made
(4) .................................... miss friends. (5)
............................... is frustrating.
Anne : Yes! (6) .............................. too feel the same. (7) .............................. dearly miss our
class teacher. (8) .............................. always made the classes interesting.
Zoya : Agree! (9) .............................. hope, we get to go to school soon.
Anne : T
True. See you again. Bye! (10) .............................. take care.
Get Set
 A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. It helps us to reduce
the repetition of the same noun over and over again.
Let us look at the following examples:
• Soham listens to music. Soham plays the piano very well.
We can simply write the two sentences by using a pronoun ‘he’.
Soham listens to music. He plays the piano very well.

 Different pronouns can be used to replace nouns in a sentence.
I me you
them Pronouns their
he she it they

What are singular and plural pronouns or how are singular and plural
pronoun used?
• hen we use a pronoun for replacing one person’s name or a singular
W
noun, it is called singular pronoun.
• When we use a pronoun to replace more than one person or a plural
noun, it is called a plural pronoun.
• List of pronouns:
Pronoun Singular Plural
1st person I, me, myself we, us, ourselves
2nd person you, yourself you, yourselves
3rd person he, she, it, him, her, himself, herself. they, them, themselves
 How to use pronouns in a correct manner?

• When to use 1st person pronouns?
When we, ourselves are the speaker in a sentence, we use first person
pronouns.
For example:
(i) I have written a letter of complaint.
(ii) The letter has to be signed by all of us.
(iii) We are responsible for all the pollution in this area.
Pronouns 39
• When to use 2nd person pronouns?
When we talk to someone i.e., the listenerlistener, we use second person
pronouns for them.
For example:
(i) You have to submit the project tomorrow.
(ii) You will have to wait back till you complete your work.
• When to use 3rd person pronouns?
When we talk about someone else, besides the listener or someone
who is not present there, we use third person pronouns.
For example:
(i) She is preparing well for her exams.
(ii) They have helped me in tough times.
(iii) The dinner table was set by him.
Go
Underline those words where a noun is replaced by a
Activity 2 pronoun.
(1) Anirudh has a fever. He will visit the doctor today.
(2) Seema bought some vegetables. She will wash and clean them now.
(3) Aarti was painting a picture. She showed it to Sarah.
(4) Shreyas has an extra ticket. He will give it to a friend.
(5) Sahil and Akhil got hurt while playing football. They are cleaning the
wounds.
Write down the pronoun used in each sentence and
Activity 3 state if it is a 1st, 2nd or 3rd person pronoun. One
sentence may have more than one pronoun.
(1) He kept a box for himself.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................

(2) We should follow the rules.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) They will be punished for breaking the rules.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) It is dangerous.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) The plan was made by us.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(6) You are clearly the bravest boy in the class.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(7) We have a special meeting with them.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(8) They completed the science project all by themselves.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Rewrite the sentences by replacing the nouns used

Activity 4 with suitable pronouns.
(1) Rohit and Amit went for a walk.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) The girl was playing a guitar.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) The toy is broken.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) Avinash has a meeting tomorrow.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) The mother and son were cooking the meal together.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pronouns 41
Classroom Activity
Make a chart showing the pronouns used for the following nouns and frame 3
sentences for each of them.
..................................................................................................................................................................
For a ..................................................................................................................................................................
boy
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
For a ..................................................................................................................................................................
girl
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
For a ..................................................................................................................................................................
group
..................................................................................................................................................................
Going Beyond
Possessive pronouns – These pronouns are used to show that the subject
owns something. They show that something belongs to a person.
For example:
(1) The book is mine.
Here, the pronoun ‘mine’ shows that the book belongs to me.
(2) This house is theirs.
Here, the pronoun ‘theirs’ shows that the house belongs to them.

8 Adjectives
On Your Mark
Choose the correct describing word from the given
Activity 1 help box for the following nouns:
yellow beautiful dirty sweet
(1) (2)
............................................. chocolates ............................................. umbrella
(3) (4)
............................................. rose ............................................. shoes
Get Set
The words which describe nouns are called adjectives. They give us more
information about the noun or pronoun in a sentence.
Adjectives 43
Activity 2 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Walking back from school, Lily was telling Sam about a topic she
had to write on – ‘Happy Fridge’. Sam had read about it. He told Lily that
it was started by a group called ‘Feeding India’ in Delhi. It’s also known as
the ‘Friendship Fridge’ – where one could leave fresh food for the poor
and hungry people to eat. People could share their excess food with others
to avoid wastage. Such fridges are placed in some metropolitan cities like
Mumbai, Bengaluru, Kolkata, Coimbatore and Kochi.
I. Fill in the table given below with words from the passage as well as
your own:
Nouns Describing Words
(1) fridge
(2) food
(3) people
II. Pick out the nouns which are described in the following phrases:
fresh food, hungry people, red hat,
the quick rabbit, a happy duck, a smiley face.
(1) ........................................................ (2) ........................................................ (3) ........................................................
(4) ........................................................ (5) ........................................................ (6) ........................................................
Note:
These describing words tell us more about the nouns.
• food (is fresh) • people (are hungry) • hat (is red)
• rabbit (is quick) • duck (is happy)

Go
(A) Fill in the blanks with appropriate adjectives from
Activity 3 the given help boxes.
cute white beautiful colourful striped bright
....................................................... sock
....................................................... candy cane
....................................................... tree
....................................................... star
....................................................... snow man
....................................................... balls
(B) cold warm soft helpful little hard delicious sweet colourful torn
Christmas Tree
By: Lucy Wheelock
Two (1) ................................................................... children were sitting by the fire one

(2) ................................................................... winter’s night. All at once they heard a knock at the
door, and one ran to open it.
There, outside in the cold and darkness, stood a child with no shoes upon
his feet. He was clad in (3) ................................................................... garments. He was shivering
with cold, and he asked if he could come in and warm himself.
“Yes, come”, cried both the children. They said, “You shall have place by the
fire. Come in!”
Adjectives 45
They drew the little stranger to their (4) ................................................................... seat and
shared their supper with him, and gave him their bed, while they slept on the
(5) ................................................................... bench.
In the night, they were awakened by strains of (6) ................................................................
music and looking out, they saw a band of children in (7) ....................................................
garments approaching the house. They were playing golden harps, and the air
was full of melody.
Suddenly, the stranger child stood before them; no longer cold and ragged,
but clad in silvery light.
In his (8) ................................................................... voice he said: “I was cold and you took me
in. I was hungry, and you fed me. I was tired, and you gave me your bed. I am
the Christ Child, wandering through the world to bring peace and happiness
to all good children. As you have given to me, so may this tree every year
give rich fruit to you.”
So saying, he broke a branch from the fir tree that grew near the door,
planted it in the ground and disappeared. The branch grew into a great tree,
and bore wonderful (9) ................................................................... fruits every year for the
(10) ................................................................... children.
Read the paragraph given below. Fill in the blanks

Activity 4 with appropriate adjectives of quality from the box.
small nearest special dense younger high brave bright
My name is Jeanne. I have a (1) ................................................................... sister. She is a very

(2) ................................................................... person. She cannot hear the way we can. However,

this doesn’t stop her from doing what she wants to. She can lip-read
and even understand the signs I make with my fingers. We often go to the
(3) ................................................................... jungle behind our house and track the deer.
One some (4) ............................................... days, we go to the (5) ...........................................
park and play on the (6) ................................................................... monkey bars. She is a

(7) ................................................................... girl and doesn’t get scared. She watches me and
follows what I do.
Classroom Activity
Describe your best friend using different adjectives. Write down the adjectives
used on a page and frame different sentences using the same adjectives.
Going Beyond
Adjectives are often placed in a certain order in a sentence.
It is represented by the MNEMONIC – 2QSASCOMP
2QSASCOMP
Quantity, Size Shape Origin Purpose

Quality Age Colour Material
Adjectives 47
9 Articles
On Your Mark
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Students, you must have heard of this proverb. Notice how the words
‘an’, ‘a’ and ‘the’ have been placed before the noun ‘apple’, ‘day’ and ‘doctor’.
These are called ‘Articles’.
Let’s learn about these articles and their usage in this chapter.
• We use articles – A,A An and The before a noun.
For example:
a chair an apple the bag
• Sometimes, we place articles before an adjective that talks about the same
noun.
a broken toy an amazing sunset the black kitten

• This helps us to determine or fix the noun that we are talking about.

Insert articles wherever needed in the sentences given
Activity 1 below and rewrite them in the blanks provided:
For example: Boy sat on table
Ans.The boy sat on a table.
(1) Tanveer wanted to buy book.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) They went for walk in park.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) She is sweet and kind girl.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) Aarav bought blue sweater for himself.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) Sayli has best toys in her collection.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Get Set
 When and where do we use articles ‘A’ and ‘An’?
• We use the article ‘An’ when vowel sounds – ‘a, e, i, o and u’ are
used at the beginning of a word.
Read the words given below. All these words start with a vowel and
therefore, they have a vowel sound. The article ‘an’ should be used before
such words.
an aeroplane an elephant an ice-cream

Articles 49
an old man an orange an umbrella
• However, use the article ‘an’ before words like ‘honest man’ or ‘hour’.
Why?
Although, these words begin with a consonant letter ‘h’, the pronunciation
of these words, begins with the sound of ‘o’ which is a vowel. Here, we
must think about the sound ‘o’ and not the letter ‘h’.
Hence, article ‘an’ is used before such words.
He is an honest man.
An hour has 60 minutes.
• We use the article ‘A’ when the vowel sounds are not present and the
words begin with consonant sounds.
a baby a boy a table a toy

• A/An are used for singular nouns only.
For example: We can say ‘an apple’ but not ‘an apples’.
A boys went outside to play. ()
A boy went outside to play. ()
• They can be used generally and are not used to refer to anything specific.
For example:
I gave a poor child some chocolates.
My mother made a pie.
 Use of the article ‘The’
(1) Used to refer to a specific thing –
Let’s consider the following examples:
• This is the umbrella which my • The movie that won the award
mother bought. was outstanding.
• ‘the’ is used to refer to a specific • ‘the’ is used to refer to a movie
umbrella which his mother which won the award.
bought.
(2) Before names of books, magazines, rivers, seas, mountains, etc.
For example:
The Bhagavad-Gita is a sacred book. The Pacific Ocean is the largest

ocean in the world.
(3) Things which are one of a kind –
For example:
The Sun rises in the east and sets in The earth is spherical in shape.
west.
Articles 51
(4) Representing the whole group or class of a particular thing –
For example:
• The poor have always suffered. (‘the’ refers to all the poor people in the
world)
• The Tiger is the national animal of India. (‘the’ refers to all the tigers)
(5) Refers to the superlative degree–
For example:
He is the best singer in our class.
We get the wisest advice from our parents.
Go
Activity 2 Strike out the wrong article with a red colour pencil.
(1) Let’s go out to get a/an ice-cream.
(2) She stayed at a/an hotel.
(3) He is a/an honourable man.
(4) We have planned an/a trip to Udaipur.
(5) There is a/an haunted house near the corner.
(6) I have an/a interview today.
(7) Shruti is an/a brave girl.
(8) A/An one rupee coin was found in his pocket.
Activity 3 Fill in the blanks using the articles – A/An/The.

(1) I ate at ................................................. new restaurant which had opened yesterday.
(2) She is ................................................. most wonderful girl.
(3) Hiten was ................................................. angry boy during his childhood.
(4) Ritu has been asking for ................................................. cup of ice-cream.

(5) ................................................. trees are dancing with ................................................. wind.
(6) We are celebrating ................................................. festival of lights – Diwali.

(7) I ate ................................................. orange for breakfast yesterday.
(8) .............................................. Mahabharata is one of ............................................... oldest epic in India.
Classroom Activity
We use different words to tell us more about the nouns in a sentence. These are
called determiners.
The types of determiners are –
• Articles • Possessives • Demonstratives
• Quantifiers • Ordinals • Numerals
Observe your surroundings. Make 5 sentences each using suitable articles and
present it in front of the class.
Going Beyond
Sometimes, we do not use an article before a noun. We simply skip
the article.
It is also called Zero article.
• We do not use an article when we use a Proper noun.
For example: My name is Preeti.
• Articles are not used with plural nouns.
nouns
For example: Siya loves to play with her toys.
• Articles are not used with uncountable nouns.
For example: We need clean water for drinking.
Articles 53
10 Verbs
On Your Mark
Look at the given pictures. Each child is doing a
Activity 1 different action. Write down the action with pink
coloured pencil in the following blanks given.
(1) ....................................................................................... (2) .......................................................................................
(3) ....................................................................................... (4) .......................................................................................
Get Set
Verbs are words that show any action or a state of being. These verbs
can be used in a singular or plural sense.
Read the given sentences –
(a) A bird flies in the sky. (Singular)
The verb ‘flies’ has been used to show that a single bird is
flying in the sky. So, ‘flies’, is a singular verb.
(b) Birds fly in the sky. (Plural)
In this sentence, the verb ‘fly’ is used to represent that
many birds are flying. Therefore, ‘fly’ is a plural verb.
(c) The man runs in a marathon. (Singular)
(d) The men run a marathon. (Plural)
However, plural verbs are used with the pronoun ‘I’ in a

sentence.
For example:
I paint pictures. I swim in my pool.

Note:
The verb changes according to the number of nouns.
Singular nouns Singular verbs Plural nouns Plural verbs
• Verbs are divided into main verbs and helping verbs.
• We use helping verbs to show when a particular action is taking place.
(a) I was sleeping. (the verb ‘was’ shows that the action has happened in the
past.)
(b) I have written a poem. (the verb ‘have’ shows that the action has happened
and has been completed in the present.)
Verbs 55
Let’s learn about three verbs used as ‘helping verbs’.
• Be
Helping verb includes:
am is are
I am eating fruits. She is watering the They are singing the
plants. National anthem.
was were
Shreya was playing Players were practising
her violin. on the ground.
• Do
 do – I do not tell lies.
 does – She does not like ice-cream.
 did – They did not win the match.
• Have
 has – She has eaten her breakfast.
 have – I have submitted my project.
 had – Our group had organised an event.
Go
Activity 2 Tick the correct form of verb in the given sentences.
(1) Arun throw/throws the ball.
(2) They accept/accepts their mistake.
(3) The driver drive/drives the car well.
(4) He clean/cleans the room on Sunday.
(5) Mother cook/cooks dinner for us.
Categorize the given verbs into singular and plural
Activity 3 verbs.
barks write sing cleans swims

performs dance solve remember prints
Singular Verbs Plural Verbs

.......................................................................................... ..........................................................................................
.................................................................................... ....................................................................................
........................................................................... ...........................................................................
....................................................................... .......................................................................
................................................................. .................................................................
.......................................................... ..........................................................
Activity 4 Identify and circle the helping verbs.

(1) I was eating an ice cream.
(2) He did not help me.
(3) She has gone to the beach.
(4) We are inviting you for the event.
(5) They had celebrated Diwali.
Verbs 57
Activity 5 Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks.
(1) They ................................................. asked me to go to Pune.
(a) are (b) was (c) have (d) did
(2) We ................................................. planning a trip to Manali.
(a) are (b) was (c) have (d) am
(3) Liza ................................................. spent all of her pocket money.
(a) are (b) has (c) have (d) is
(4) Ashwin ................................................. not understand the sum.
(a) is (b) was (c) have (d) did
(5) Sneha ................................................. not coming to the museum with us.
(a) are (b) is (c) have (d) does
Classroom Activity
Students will arrange themselves in a circle. Each student will write a singular
or plural verb on a piece of paper, fold it and drop it in the basket placed at the
centre. Then, each student will pick one folded paper. The students who have
received singular verb written on their picked paper will clap their hands and
then, the ones who received plural verb will wave their hands.
Going Beyond
Apart from be, have and do verbs there are other helping verbs too.
Example:
• Will/shall
Rima will meet Surya on Sunday.
• Must
Kaira must learn to speak politely.
• Can
Ron can sing and play guitar at the same time.
11 Tenses – Simple Tense
On Your Mark
Activity 1 Read the passage given below:
Mahatma Gandhi is a well-known freedom fighter and national leader. He
was born on 2nd October, 1869. As a young boy, he was sent to school like
other children. Though he was not very clever, he won many prizes and
certificates for his hard work. Gandhiji always believed in honesty. He will
always remain an inspiration and will guide us towards the right path.
Based on the passage find out the words which refer to time and write
them in the specific column.
Present Past Future
Get Set
Students, we know that verbs are action words. When a person does
an action, we want to know when that particular action takes place.
In such a case, we look at the tense of the action word or the verb.
The tense of the verb shows us whether an action is in progress, has been already
Tenses – Simple Tense 59
completed or will happen in the future.
Read the following sentences:
(1) (2) (3)
• The boy helps his • Rahul drank the • The girls will go
mother. cold drink. for shopping.
• Here, the action of • Here, the action of • Here, the action
the boy helping his Rahul drinking the of shopping will
mother is happening cold drink has been be done by the
in the present. done in the past. girls in the future.
These sentences tell us that there are three main tense forms:
Tense
Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense
The table given below lists some verbs and tenses that they show.
Present Past Future
am, is, are was, were will/shall be
do, does did will/shall do
have, has had will/shall have
Let’s learn more about these tense forms.
The three main tense forms that we have learnt about are further divided
into 4 categories or aspects. Let’s now learn about the first category – Simple
tenses.

 Simple Present Tense
• Read the sentences given below.
Ravi travels to school in a Afreen talks to her They climb the ladder.
bus. friends.
I complete my work on time. You share your experience with us.
• In the above sentences, the verbs travels, talks, climb, complete and share
express that these actions are taking place, in the present.
• Therefore, all these verbs are in the Simple Present Tense.
 Simple Past Tense
• Consider the examples given below:
(1) We ran to greet our coach.
(2) He touched the rough surface of the rock.
(3) Soham turned the table towards him.
(4) Aditi slept till 10 am.
(5) The players cheered each other during the competition.
• Students, when you read these sentences you will notice that the verbs
ran, touched, turned, slept and cheered tell us that all these actions have
taken place in the past. So, all these action words are in Simple Past Tense.
 Simple Future Tense:
• Finally, let us observe these set of sentences:
(1) He will invite his friends for his birthday party.
(2) The police will solve the case.
(3) I shall look into the matter.
(4) We shall go to the concert.
(5) Sachin will sell his house soon.
• In the above sentences, the verbs will replace, will solve, shall look, shall
go and will sell express that these actions will take place in the future.
The verbs will and shall have been used in each of these sentences. Hence,
these verbs are in the Simple Future Tense.
Go
Activity 2 Draw arrows from the sentences to their tense.
Sentence Tense
(1) He is late for school today.
(2) They do their work on time.
(3) I shall learn Spanish next year. (a) Present
(4) I had my guitar class yesterday.

(b) Past
(5) We lived in their house for a week.
(6) The team will win the match. (c) Future
(7) I am hungry now.
(8) She ate pasta last night.

F ill in the clouds with any 3 verbs of your own choice
Activity 3 and write the verb in Simple Present, Simple Past and
Simple Future Tense.
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense
nderline the verbs used in the following sentences

U
and identify the tense of following sentences – simple
present/simple past/simple future. Use a red coloured
Activity 4 pencil for verbs in Simple Present tense, blue pencil for Simple
Past tense and green colour pencil for Simple Future tense
verbs.
(1) The audience will laugh at his jokes.
(2) He kept his promise.
(3) They closed down the shop yesterday.
(4) The shop will open tomorrow.
(5) Mohit gives his toys to the poor.
(6) She fell down on the slippery road.
(7) Shruti cleans her room regularly.
(8) Gita recited a lovely poem.
Complete the following table according to the correct

Activity 5 tense form. First one has been done for you.
Present Past Future

E.g. eat/eats ate will/shall eat
(1) do/does ............................................................. will/shall do
(2) write/writes wrote .............................................................
(3) ............................................................. slept will/shall sleep

(4) hear/hears ............................................................. .............................................................
(5) ............................................................. laughed will/shall laugh
Classroom Activity
Speak 5 to 6 lines about your plans for your Diwali vacation. Frame sentences
using Simple Future tense.
Going Beyond
• Use of certain words like ‘going to’ can help to show future time.
(1) He will complete his work by tomorrow.
(2) He is going to complete his work by tomorrow.
• Both sentences show that the action of completing the work will happen
in future.

12 Tenses – Continuous
On Your Mark
Sometimes, actions end immediately, sometimes they continue for a time.
For e.g. I ate breakfast. → Action ended
I am eating breakfast. → Action is continued
Observe the pictures given and write the actions
Activity 1 related to it, in the given space, from the help box.
is riding was singing is helping will be cleaning
(1) Rohan ..................................................................... (2) Misha .........................................................................

a song yesterday. her grandmother to type.
(3) Zayd ..................................................................... (4) Sri .................................................................................

his cupboard tomorrow. a bicycle.
Tenses – Continuous 65
Get Set
• We have studied tenses earlier and have found that the three
main tenses (present, past and future) are used to show actions
happening at different times. We studied simple tenses where we got to
see that actions were seen or mentioned in the sentence.
• Here, in this topic, we are going to understand continuous tenses where
the actions are going on/continuing in the given time period – be it in the
past or present or future tense.
• The ‘ing’ form of the verb is used in all three continuous tenses.
• For example:
(1) He was waiting. (wait + ing)
(2) I am sitting here. (sit + ing)
Note:
When the second last letter is a vowel, the last letter is repeated in the ‘ing’
verb in certain verbs.
• rob – robbing • shop – shopping • run – running
(3) We will be moving. (move + ing)

Note:
The last ‘e’ is dropped while making ‘ing’ form of verb.
• give – giving • place – placing • write – writing
• bite – biting • bathe – bathing • care – caring
 How do we form continuous tense verbs?

Certain helping verbs like am, is, are, was, were, will be, etc. are used
before the ‘ing’ form of the verb.
 Present Continuous Tense – We use ‘am/is/are’ along with the ‘ing’-verb
to form present continuous tense of a verb.

For example:
(i) I am waiting for the bus.
(ii) He is waiting for the bus.
(iii) They are waiting for the bus.
Here, we used ‘am/is/are’ depending on the noun/pronoun before the verb.
 Past Continuous Tense – We use ‘was/were’ along with the ‘ing’-verb to
form past continuous tense of a verb.
For example:
(i) I was eating breakfast.
(ii) He was eating breakfast.
(ii) They were eating breakfast.
Here, we used ‘was/were’ depending on the noun/pronoun before the verb.
 Future Continuous Tense – We use ‘will/shall be’ along with the ‘ing’-verb
to form future continuous tense of a verb.
For example:
(i) I will be watching the movie.
(ii) He will be watching the movie.
(iii) They will be watching the movie.
Here, we do not change the helping verbs.
• Continuous Tense Verbs at a Glance:
Present Continuous Tense am/is/are + (verb+ing)
Past Continuous Tense was/were + (verb+ing)
Future Continuous Tense will/shall be + (verb+ing)
 When do we use continuous tenses?
• Present continuous tense – We use this tense form to refer to an unfinished
action in the present, temporary habits or actions or definite future plans.
plans
(i) I am writing a novel. (unfinished task in the present)
(ii) He is chewing his nails. (temporary habits or actions)
(iii) I am meeting him tomorrow. (definite plans in the future)
• Past continuous tense – We use it to show past habits, while narrating a
story or to show that an action lasted for a long time.
time
(i) During her childhood she was troubling her brother always. (past
habits)
(ii) The people were carrying on with their daily activities. (story narration)
(iii) It was raining all day on the 26th July. (action lasting for a long time)
• Future continuous tense – We use it to show incomplete action that will
be done in the future.
(i) Sumit will be packing his bags at this time tomorrow. (incomplete
action being done/completed in the future)
Go
Identify whether the following sentences are in
Activity 2 continuous tense or Simple tense.
(1) The old man was knocking on the door. .............................................................................................
(2) We were standing near the ground. .............................................................................................
(3) She woke up early. .............................................................................................
(4) I will help him tomorrow. .............................................................................................
(5) Open the windows. .............................................................................................
(6) She is watching the movie. .............................................................................................
(7) The birds sing so beautifully. .............................................................................................
(8) Rahil planned a picnic for his family. .............................................................................................

(9) She is leaving for her trip on Monday. .............................................................................................
(10) I will be coming back in December. .............................................................................................
Use the verbs given in the brackets in the correct

Activity 3 continuous form and fill in the blanks.
(1) They ........................................................................................ (argue) over the issue yesterday.

(2) The universe ........................................................................................ (expand) continuously.
(3) He ........................................................................................ (complete) his work by next Tuesday.
(4) Aastha ........................................................................................ (hop) towards the finishing line now.
(5) I ........................................................................................ (hug) my grandmother when I will meet her
for Christmas.
(6) It ........................................................................................ (rain) heavily a few days back.
(7) She ........................................................................................ (stay) at her uncle’s place these days.
(8) Geeta ........................................................................................ (travel) to Shimla next week.
Use simple present tense and present continuous

Activity 4 tense appropriately to fill in the blanks.
(1) He ........................................................................................ (leave) for his trip.

(2) Every week we ........................................................................................ (go) to see my grandparents.
(3) We ........................................................................................ (play) video games today.
(4) Quiet please! I ........................................................................................ (read) a book.
(5) She always ........................................................................................ (walk) to school.
Use simple past tense and past continuous tense

Activity 5 appropriately to fill in the blanks.
(1) While mother ................................................................... (cook) the food, I .....................................................

(help) her.
(2) Nobody .................................................... (listen) to the old man, while he .............................................
(tell) his story.
(3) He ....................................................... (come) home late.
(4) I ............................................................... (finish) my work when he ................................................ (call) me.
(5) It .................................................................... (rain) yesterday at this time.
Use simple future tense and future continuous tense

Activity 6 appropriately to fill in the blanks:
(1) On 31st December, at midnight we .................................................................................. (celebrate)

the new year.
(2) I ................................................................................. (come) to visit you soon.
(3) Tonight, we ................................................................................. (watch) our favourite movie.
(4) ................................................................................. they ................................................................................. (fight) again?
(5) They ................................................................................. (play) the match.
Classroom Activity
Observe a playground / a garden / a restaurant etc. What are the activities
constantly going on around you? Observe and note these down using
continuous or progressive tenses in your notebook. Share your observations
with the class.
Going Beyond
We have 4 forms of the verbs which we use for forming different tenses:
V1 V2 V3 V4
Simple Present Simple Past Verb + en/ed/ne/t/n Verb + ing
eat/eats ate eaten eating
play/plays played played playing
do/does did done doing
learn/learns learned learnt learning
13 Perfect Tense
On Your Mark
Observe the pictures carefully and fill in the blanks
Activity 1 using the words given in the help box.
has arrived will have graduated has taken had run
(1) The train .................................................................. (2) The thief ..................................................................

.................................................................. . away before the police arrived.
(3) By end of this year, you ........................... (4) Tim ...................................................................................

.................................................................. . his dog for a walk.
Get Set
We use perfect tense to show that an action is completed. The third
form of the verb which is a PAST PARTICIPLE is used for making
PERFECT tense verbs.
Perfect Tense 71
Past Participle – Verb + ending in
• en – write – written • ed – play – played • ne – do – done
• t – sleep – slept • n – begin – begun
 Perfect tenses are a combination of a main verb and a helping verb.
• Read the following sentences:
(1) I have eaten a meal. (2) She had written a poem.
(3) They will have returned from their trip.
• In above sentences, we observe that the actions are completed in present
or past tense or will be completed in future tense.
• In these examples, the verbs: has, have, had, will have are used as helping
verbs, whereas, ‘eaten, slept, written, returned, run’ are main verbs ending
with the letters ‘en, t, ed’ and therefore are ‘Past Participles’.
 Present Prefect Tense
• Any present prefect tense verb is a combination of:
has/have (helping verb) + main verb (past participle)
• For e.g. (1) The team has played well.
(2) They have made cupcakes for everyone.
(3) She has written many books.
Note:
• ‘has’ as a helping verb is used with singular subjects like he/she/it etc.
• ‘have’ is used along with the pronoun ‘I’ or ‘you’ or plural subjects like
they, etc.
 Past Prefect Tense

• Any past prefect tense verb is a combination of:
had (helping verb) + main verb (past participle)
• For e.g. (1) The family had enjoyed the vacation thoroughly.
(2) Geeta had sung a song during the Annual day programme.
(3) The boy had fallen down and hurt himself.
 Future Prefect Tense
• Any future prefect tense verb is a combination of:
will/shall have (helping verb) + main verb (past participle)
• For e.g. (1) She will have gone to the park with her cousin.
(2) The painter will have painted the entire room by Tuesday.
(3) The baby will have slept soundly in his mother’s arms.
Go
Choose the correct helping verb from the bracket and
Activity 2 fill in the blanks:
(1) Neha ...................................................................... participated in an event. (have/has)

(2) Shardul ...................................................................... cooked the dinner. (have/has)
(3) Mahi and his friends ...................................................................... gone for a trip. (have/has)
(4) You ...................................................................... lied to me. (have/has)
(5) They ...................................................................... come back now. (have/has)
Activity 3 Match the following with the correct future tense.

(1) Tomorrow, I (a) will have met his friends.
(2) Rajiv (b) will have started working.
(3) The workers (c) will have sewn her sweater.
(4) The doctor (d) will have left for my exam.
(5) Mother (e) will have checked the patients.
Write the correct past perfect tense of the verb to

Activity 4 complete the sentence. Use the verb given in the
brackets.
(1) They ................................................................................................. (take) my new toys away.
Perfect Tense 73
(2) I ................................................................................................. (complete) the history homework.
(3) Shauvik ................................................................................ (promise) to take me to the movies.
(4) You ................................................................................................. (act) in a drama before.
(5) She ................................................................................................. (ride) a bicycle in the park.
Classroom Activity
Use any two verbs given in the brackets, in the three perfect tense
forms and frame sentences of your own.
slipped cooked done poured written learnt

• Present perfect tense
(1) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
• Past perfect tense

(1) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
• Future perfect tense

(1) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Going Beyond
Perfect tenses are used to show:
Recently finished
Achievements Life experiences
tasks
E.g. I had spent

E.g. I have won an E.g. I have finished my
my childhood in
award. homework.
deserted hills alone.
14 Adverbs – Time, Place and Manner
On Your Mark
Observe the images and fill in the blanks with the
Activity 1 words given in the help box.
forward anywhere neatly brightly
(1) (2)
The sun shines ...................................................... . Walk four steps .................................................... .

(3) (4)
Tina writes ......................................................... . I can't find my pen ........................................... .
Get Set
 An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb, adjective,
adverb or a phrase. It tells us more about the verb in the
sentence.
Adverbs – Time, Place and Manner 75

• She sings wonderfully.
In this sentence, the action word is ‘sings’.
If we ask the question, ‘How does she sing?’, we
get the answer – ‘wonderfully’.
So, ‘wonderfully’ is an adverb that tells us more
about the action.
• Aamir drives fast.
Here, the action is ‘drives’.
If we ask ‘How does Aamir drive?’, the answer to
this question is – ‘fast’.
Hence, ‘fast’ is an adverb that tells us more about
the verb ‘drives’.
 Some adverbs end in ‘ly’.
For example:
• She spoke softly.
• He recited the poem confidently.
 Adverbs can be used to show the time, place and manner in which the
action is taking place.
Look at the following examples:
• He came to visit me yesterday.
• The book was kept here.
• The work should be done quickly.
In the first sentence, the word yesterday tells us more about the time he
came to visit. Hence, it is an adverb of time. You can ask the question
‘when’ to the verb for adverb of time.
In the second sentence, the word here tells us about the place where the
book was kept, Hence, it is an adverb of place. You can ask the question
‘where’ to the verb for adverb of place.
In the third sentence, the word quickly tells us about the manner in which
work should be done. Hence, it is an adverb of manner. You can ask the
question ‘how’ to the verb for adverb of manner.
Adverb of time Adverb of place Adverb of Manner
Answers the Answers the Answers the

question ‘when
‘when’ question ‘where
‘where’ question ‘how
‘how’
Let us learn how to frame proper sentences using an adverb.

For example: If we have to use an adverb ‘regularly’ , we have to use a verb that
goes along with the adverb.
• She meets her friends regularly.
• I brush my teeth regularly.
• Hiten travels regularly.
Using a suitable verb with an adverb will help to frame a correct sentence.
Go
Circle the word that tells more about the underlined
Activity 2 action word in the following sentences, with a red
colour pencil.
(1) Joel writes slowly.
(2) Arvind runs fast.
(3) Mother has arranged the house neatly.
(4) We climbed the hill carefully.
(5) Sahil called out to his friends loudly.
(6) Amrita always helps the poor.
(7) Reeta never talks to strangers.
(8) Diana writes beautifully.
Activity 3 Circle the adverb and state its type.

(1) He cleans the office daily. ...............................................................................
(2) Rahil hit the ball outside. ...............................................................................
(3) The girl performed poorly in the tests. ...............................................................................
(4) The rich woman kindly helped the poor. ...............................................................................
(5) She danced gracefully. ...............................................................................
(6) Rahul faced his problems bravely. ...............................................................................
(7) I need your notes, now. ...............................................................................
(8) Please give me your laptop later. ...............................................................................
Activity 4 Use the following adverbs in your own sentences:

(1) definitely – ................................................................................................................................................................
(2) later – ................................................................................................................................................................
(3) just – ................................................................................................................................................................
(4) before – ................................................................................................................................................................
(5) behind – ................................................................................................................................................................
(6) near – ................................................................................................................................................................
(7) happily – ................................................................................................................................................................
(8) correctly – ................................................................................................................................................................

Classroom Activity
Fill up the crosswords using suitable adverbs using words in the
bracket.
exactly clearly boldly sweetly angrily tightly thankfully
1. 2. e
5.
3. u
6. t 7.
4. o
Across:
1. She sang the song .................................................... .
3. .................................................... , he helped me out.
4. He faced the difficulty .................................................... .
6. She hugged her mother .................................................... .
Down:
2. .................................................... , that was my point.
5. I .................................................... told him, what is to be done.
7. He fought with his brother .................................................... .
Going Beyond
Sometimes, we use adverbs to describe other adverbs as well.
For example: He speaks very slowly.
Here, the word slowly is an adverb as it tells us more about the action ‘speaks’.
Also, the word ‘very’ tells us ‘how slowly’ the person speaks.
15 Conjunctions
On Your Mark
Andy went to the circus yesterday. He is describing his
Activity 1 experience. Let’s see what he has to tell us.
I went to the circus because I wanted to see some wild animals and also to
watch the clown perform funny tricks. I went with my parents and my best
friends. My brother couldn’t come because he had his exams. The show started
with a bang. Men and women in colourful clothes were doing difficult stunts.
The audience laughed as the clowns put on a clumsy act. The circus boys and
girls performed great tricks, but there were no animals in this circus troupe.
Do you notice something? The sentences are joined with the help of some
words. Can you identify and circle those words?
Get Set
I love to eat ice- Shruti loves beaches Mr. Kapoor helps the
creams and cup-cakes. but she doesn’t like poor because he is
mountains. wealthy.

• Students, you will noticed that the words ‘and’, ‘but’ and ‘because’ have
been used in the three sentences to join different words and sentences.
• These connectors/joining words are called ‘Conjunctions’.
 What are conjunctions?
• Conjunctions help to join two words, phrases and sentences.
• We have already seen the words like ‘and’ and ‘but’ earlier but now we will
also understand the use of other conjunctions – ‘because’, ‘or’, ‘if’ and
‘as’.
Note:
We know that ‘and’ is used to join sentences which are similar and ‘but’ is
used to join opposite and contrasting sentences.
 Use of ‘OR’:
We use the conjunction ‘Or’ when we have to show two or more options
or conditions.
For example:
(1) You will be given an apple or an orange, not both.
(2) Complete your work or you will be punished.
 Use of ‘IF’:
We also use ‘If’ to show a condition. The occurrence of something depends
on another thing to happen first.
For example:
(1) If you study hard, you will pass.
(2) Rohit told Ashish, “I will give you a treat if you come.”
In the first sentence, the conjunction ‘if’ has been used to show that if the
person studies hard, only then he would pass.
In the second sentence, ‘if’ has been used to show that only if Ashish comes
along, Rohit would give him a treat.
 Use of ‘BECAUSE’:
We use ‘because’ to show the reason for doing a particular action.
Conjunctions 81
(1) (2)
Anjali was late because she Sujit was asked to leave because
missed her bus. of his bad behaviour.
In these two sentences, Anjali was late since she missed the school bus
and Sujit was asked to leave as he behaved badly. Thus, the conjunction
‘because’ shows us the reasons why Anjali was late and Sujit was asked to
leave.
 Use of ‘AS’:
• We use ‘as’ to give a reason for doing something.
For example:
Sujal gave up running as he was too tired.
Why did Sujal give up running? - Reason: He was too tired.
• We also use ‘as’ to show time of doing an action.
For example:
As we reached home, the sun began to set.
When did the sun begin to set? – Time: When they reached home.
• We also use ‘as’ for comparison.
For example:
Ajit is not as strong as his brother.
Whose strength is being compared? - of Ajit and his brother; where it is said
that Ajit’s brother is stronger than him.
Go
Fill in the blanks using ‘and’ or ‘but’ in the correct
Activity 2 place.
(1) I came to visit you .................................................. you were not home.
(2) We have decided to visit Shimla .................................................. Manali.
(3) Prisha has the best toys .................................................. she always complains.
(4) Winters are cool .................................................. summers are hot.
(5) I love both chocolate .................................................. strawberry milkshakes.
(6) My grandmother lives in the village .................................................. I stay in the city.
(7) I can help you .................................................. you have to help me too.
(8) I wake up early .................................................. get ready to go to school.
Activity 3 Match the following to create complete sentences.

(1) We can go to the museum (a) or with lilies.
(2) Mother will bake a cake (b) we might contract some
disease.
(3) If there is a heavy rainfall, (c) if it is your birthday.
(4) Harshit will teach her (d) or during Christmas.
(5) We can decorate the house (e) if she studies properly and
with roses works hard.
(6) If we don’t wash our hands (f) or the park on Sunday.
regularly,
(7) We can meet during Diwali (g) the area will be flooded.
Ans. (1) .................... (2) .................... (3) .................... (4) .................... (5) .................... (6) .................... (7) ....................
Rewrite the following sentences by joining them using

Activity 4 the conjunction given in the bracket.
(1) We have an idea. It will change the world. (and)
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Conjunctions 83
(2) Aadit cried. He did not give up. (but)
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) Shweta will win. She practises well. (if)
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) Pranav always won. He put in all the efforts. (as)
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) I was scared. I was lost in the dark. (as)
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Classroom Activity
Use the following conjunctions in your own sentences.
(1) As well as - ........................................................................................................................................
(2) Yet - ..................................................................................................................................................................
(3) Since - ..................................................................................................................................................................
(4) So that - ..................................................................................................................................................................
(5) Unless - ..................................................................................................................................................................
Going Beyond
Conjunctions are further divided into 2 types:
Co-ordinators Subordinators
Also known as Also known as

co-ordinating conjunctions subordinating conjunctions
Examples: Examples:
and, but, yet, still, however, though, although, if, unless,
or, so, for, therefore because, as, since, so that

16 Prepositions
On Your Mark
Observe the images given below. Write a suitable word
Activity 1 that shows the position of the flower with respect to
the basket.
(1) (2) (3)
.................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
(4) (5) (6)
.................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
Get Set
Read the sentences given below:
(1) (2) (3)
Deepa kept the photo Vignesh dived into the Harry ran across the
on her table. swimming pool. bridge.
 Students, you will notice that in the sentences given, the words ‘on’, ‘into’
and ‘across’ show a connection between nouns such as:
Prepositions 85
• Photo and the table • Vignesh and swimming pool
• Harry and the bridge
 As these words create a connection between two nouns, they are called
Prepositions.
• A preposition is a word that creates a connection or a relation between a
noun/pronoun and other part of a sentence.
• It shows position or relation of one noun / pronoun with the other.
Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks using a red colour
pencil.
(1) The watch is on the wall.
Here, in the first sentence, there is a connection shown
between ‘the watch’ and ‘the wall’ using the word
.................................................. .
(2)
The money is kept in my wallet.
There is a connection shown between ‘the money’
and ‘wallet’ using the word .................................................. .
(3) Shefali is sitting beside Siddhi.

In this sentence, there is a connection shown
between ‘Shefali’ and ‘Siddhi’ using the word
.................................................. .
 List of some commonly used prepositions:

about before down of to
above behind during off toward
across below for on under
after beneath from onto underneath
against beside in out until
along between inside outside up
among beyond into over upon
around but (except) like past with
at by near through without
 Prepositions of Place
• Consider this example
I have kept your bag on the bed.
Where is the bag kept? The answer is ‘on’ the bed.
So, ‘on’ is the word that shows a connection of place between the two
nouns bag and bed.
• Similarly, words like in, on, below, above, under, near, between, next to,
into, etc. are some prepositions of place or position.
 Prepositions of Time
• Consider this example
She will meet me in May.
When will the she meet me? The answer is, ‘In’ May.
So, ‘in’ is the word that shows time connection between two pronouns
‘she’ and ‘me’ in the sentence.
• Words like in, on, at, till, until, before, after, by, since etc. are some
prepositions of time.
Go
Activity 2 Underline the preposition in the following sentences.
(1) Your burger is in the microwave.
(2) The teacher made him sit between Arush and Ameya.
(3) I am going to a shop with my father.
(4) The book is written by J.K Rowling.
(5) The thief came inside the house.
Prepositions 87
Fill in the blanks using suitable prepositions given in
Activity 3 the help box.
for under from above around below
(1) The file was hidden ........................................... the suitcase.

(2) We travelled ........................................... Patna to Delhi today.
(3) She was waiting ........................................... the surprise by her father.
(4) She ran ........................................... the temple, in search of her mother.
(5) The sky is ....................................... our heads and the land is ....................................... our feet.
Match the columns to make meaningful sentences
Activity 4 using suitable prepositions of time.
(1) I have been working here (a) a few years ago.
(2) He left the school (b) at 7 am sharp.
(3) It always rains (c) on Monday.
(4) The assembly will start (d) since 2001.
(5) She asked me to meet her (e) in July.
Classroom Activity
The teacher should ask the students about the routes he/she takes in order to
reach the school. The teacher asks the students to use multiple prepositions
while answering and instructs the whole class to identify these propositions.
Going Beyond
• There are about 150 prepositions in the English language.
• Some words can be used as prepositions as well as adverbs based on their
function in the sentence.
e.g. The mall is near the railway station. (preposition)
The release date of the movie is near. (adverb)
• If the given word has an object, it is a preposition.
If the given word doesn’t have an object, it is an adverb.
17 Punctuations
On Your Mark
Some of our friends are feeling very sad as they feel
Activity 1 they are being missed out. Can we place them correctly
in the passage?
mr Paul took his family to the beach they sat and played in the sand making
sand pits castles and collecting shells tom and jane ate ice-cream mum and dad
enjoyed sipping cold drinks what a wonderful evening
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
Get Set
We all talk to our parents, friends and other people to share things
with them and also express our emotions and feelings.
 Need for punctuations in a sentence
• When we express our feelings through a sentence, a punctuation mark like
a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark helps us understand
the tone of the sentence.
Punctuations 89
• Punctuations, also help to determine where to take a pause while reading
the sentence or where the sentence has ended.
 Use of Full stop, Question mark and Exclamation mark:
• Full stop: We use it to show the end of a statement. It suggests that the
sentence is complete.
Example: It is a beautiful day.
• Question mark: We use it to show that a question has been asked.
Example: Isn’t it a beautiful day?
• Exclamation mark: We use this punctuation to show that something
shocking or surprising has happened. It is also used to express strong
feelings or emotions.
Example: What a beautiful day it is!
 Use of comma and inverted commas:
• Comma: A comma is used to show that we are taking a pause in a sentence.
It is also used to separate different names of people or objects included in
a list or to mark the person to whom we are speaking.
For example:

(a) Where there is a will, there is a way.
(b) Anil, Neel, Sahil and Swapnil went out to play.
(c) Sia
Sia, help your father.
• Inverted commas: These marks are used to show the exact words used by
a speaker. It is used while writing dialogues.
For example: Saloni said, “We should hurry now.”
 Use of Capital letters and Apostrophe
• Capital letters: We use capital letters at the beginning of a sentence or
while using Proper nouns in a sentence.
Read the sentence given:
We are happy to invite you Sara.
Since the sentence starts with the word ‘we’ the first letter ‘W’ must be
written in capital letter. ‘Sara’ is the name of the girl and therefore a
proper noun. Hence, the letter ‘S’ is also written using capital letters.
• Apostrophe: We use an apostrophe to show ownership of a thing by
someone. The letter ‘s’ is added after the apostrophe.
Example: It is Ashu’s book on the table.
In this sentence, the apostrophe has been used with the proper noun ‘Ashu’
to show that the book kept on the table belongs to Ashu.
In case of plural nouns, we use an apostrophe after the last letter.
Example: The girls’ hostel is right across the street.
The apostrophe, in this sentence has been added after the plural noun ‘girls’.
Go
Put suitable punctuations at the end of the following
Activity 2 sentences.
(1) What is going on here

(2) I wish you have a great day
Punctuations 91
(3) What a wonderful gift it is
(4) Where is Rohan hiding
(5) I was completing my book
(6) What is wrong with her
(7) How smart of him
(8) Kavish has finished eating his breakfast
Punctuate the following sentences using commas and
Activity 3 inverted commas as required.
(1) The king said I am very angry today.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) Mother asked me to buy some potatoes tomatoes onions pulses and other
vegetables.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) The teacher told your time starts now.

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) I know the place where he stays.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) Justin sing a song for us.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Activity 4 Correct the errors in the following sentences:

(1) england lost the match against australia.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................

(2) rahuls bag was open.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) The whole problem was haruns mistake.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) The boys room was in a mess. They all were very shabby.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) Arushis Painting is Really good.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Classroom Activity
 Notice how the meaning of a sentence changes when the
comma is not put in the right place.
• Commas are important people. vs. Commas are important,
people.
• Let’s eat Grandma. vs. Let’s eat, Grandma.
 Find more of such funny examples and share them with your class.
Going Beyond
We use exclamatory words to show strong emotions.
For example:
Yippie! Hurray! Bravo! Alas! Wow!
These words are called interjections. Use some of these interjections in

sentences of your own.
Punctuations 93
VOCABULARY
18 Figures of Speech
On Your Mark
Figures of speech are used to beautify a poem and make it more interesting.
They help the reader of the poem to imagine what the poet/poetess has
written.
There are many figures of speech which are related to comparison, sounds of
syllables, repetition of words, use of sound-words, etc.
Get Set
Let’s learn more about these figures of speech:
 Alliteration:
• In a poem, there may be more than one word which begins with the same
sound or pronunciation. This is because the starting syllables used in the
words are the same.
• When this repetition of sounds occurs more than once in a single line it is
called ‘Alliteration’.
• Read the sentences given below:
(1) A piper peaks into a pink pot.
In this line, the words piper, peaks, pink, pot all begin with the letter
‘p’ and hence, the sound of the letter ‘p’ is repeated four times in the
same line.
(2) Big bear bit the berry.
In this line, the sound of letter ‘b’ is repeated four
f
times as the words big, bear, bit, berry start not
only with the letter ‘b’, but also have the same
starting sound of the syllable/word.
Hence both the lines are examples of ‘Alliteration’.

 Repetition:
• The poet may repeat the word more than once in the same line or stanza
because they wish to keep the reader’s attention to an idea.
• When a complete word is repeated in a line more than once, it is called
‘Repetition’.
• Let’s read a few examples to understand this better.
(1) Twinkle twinkle little star
(2) It is a bright, bright day!
In these two lines, the words
‘twinkle’ and ‘bright’ have been
repeated twice.
Therefore, these lines are examples of ‘repetition’.
 Simile:
• When we compare two or more things that have some quality in
common. We use words such as: like, as, such, so to compare. Such
comparisons are examples of ‘Simile’.
• For example:
(1) He was as brave as a lion.
The poet is comparing the quality of
‘bravery’ between the person and the lion.
He has used the word ‘as ........ as’.
(2) The sun looks like a ball of fire.

In this line, the word ‘like’ has been used to
compare the ‘Sun’ to a ‘ball of fire’.
Figures of Speech 95
Go
Read the given lines aloud and write them on the
Activity 1 figures of speech given in the pot.
(1) He was as cunning as a fox.

(2) I gazed and gazed.... but little thought.
(3) Charlie’s cat Caramel, created cute clutter and comic chaos.
(4) She sang like an angel.
(5) And miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleep.
(6) She gathered some green leaves and gnarled branches.
Alliteration Simile Repetition
............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................

......................................................... ......................................................... .........................................................
.................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
........................................... ........................................... ...........................................
..................................... ..................................... .....................................

19 Reading Comprehension
On Your Mark
 In simple words, comprehension means understanding what you have read.
 Read the passage carefully to be able to answer questions correctly.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
Activity 1
given below:
Spiders
Spiders are not insects as many people believe. They belong to a class of
animals called arachnids. Most spiders have poisonous glands in their jaws.
They inject this poison called venom into other insects, paralyzing them and
then eating them as food.
Spiders can live anywhere in the world, from very humid places to places
with hot temperatures. Some spiders prefer to live underground and others
live on trees. We have all seen spiders that live in our houses.
Spiders usually have six finger-like silk glands called spinnerets located beneath
their abdomen. The silk comes from inside the spider's body as a liquid that
is thicker than water. When the silk hits the air, it dries into a line that looks
like a long strand of hair. Spiders use this silk to make their webs and also as
a dragline to hang themselves from. Spiders can also crawl up and down on
their draglines if the wind takes them somewhere they don't want to be.
There are about 30,000 different types of spiders known to us. Most of them
are tiny animals that help us by eating insects.
The next time your eyes locate a spider, take a few minutes to watch this
most interesting animal.
Questions:
(1) Which class of animals do spiders belong to?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
Reading Comprehension 97
(2) Where are the poisonous glands on the spider's body located?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) Where do spiders prefer to live?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) How do spiders help us?

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) For what does a spider use the silk-like substance?

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(6) How does the poisonous venom help the spider?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
(7) What is the silk gland of the spider called?

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(8) Write ‘T' for True or ‘F' for False:
(a) The silk made by spiders is thicker than water.
(b) Spiders can live only in cold places.
(c) Spiders are not insects.
(9) Give another word from the passage for the following:
(a) A poisonous substance – .......................................................................
(b) A rope – .......................................................................

Get Set
 In order to successfully attempt the questions for the reading
comprehension, follow these guidelines:
• Read the passage to get a general idea.
• Then read the questions and understand what you are expected to
answer.
• Read the passage a second time, very carefully. Identify the important
parts, ideas of the passage from where you can get the answers.
• Now write down the answers in your own words.
• Give brief and simple answers. Use short but complete sentences.
Go
Activity 2
given below:
Walter Disney
Walter Disney, an American cartoon film-maker grew up on a farm, and
enjoyed sketching animals. He established his own film company in Hollywood
in 1923, creating Mickey Mouse in 1928 and Donald Duck in 1934. These
quickly became the world's favourite cartoon characters. Then, he went on
to make full length animated films including Snow White and the Seven
Dwarfs, Pinocchio and Bambi, but was very often criticized for changing
famous stories to suit his cartoons.
Walter's film company was the biggest producer of cartoons. It also made
children's films with real actions such as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under
the Sea and films like Mary Poppins which combined cartoon characters
and real action. He opened Disneyland, the huge amusement park in Los
Angeles, California.
Questions:
(1) Who was Walter Disney?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(2) When and where did he establish his own film company?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(3) Name some of his animated films.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(4) Why was Walter criticized by people?
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
(5) Give one word from the passage for:
(a) to find fault – .................................................................................................
(b) to draw pictures – .................................................................................................
(c) well-known – .................................................................................................

Activity 3
given below:
Art from the Heart
– By Eleanor G. Hirsch
Hokusai lived a long time ago in Japan. He was a great artist. He made
thousands of pictures. However, at first people didn't think his pictures were
anything special. They didn't pay him well nor did they care about his work.
Some people even used his paintings as wrapping paper!
However, Hokusai did not stop trying. He wanted people to notice his talent.
So he did odd things, such that no one had done before. Once he drew two
flying birds on a grain of rice. The picture was so tiny that people needed
a magnifying glass to get a better look at it! At another time, he painted a
humongous picture. It was so huge that he had to use a broom for a brush and
dip it in a bucket of ink! Another unique thing he did was to get a rooster to
step in red ink and make it walk across the paper. Hokusai made the rooster's
tracks into red leaves and created an autumn scene from it.
Besides his paintings, he did strange things in his personal life too. He changed
homes ninety times and his name fifty times. The last name he took was

'Gakyo Rojin', meaning, 'the old man crazy about art'. . .
However, Hokusai's painting was
something constant in his life.
Gradually he became famousf and
people came to know him as a great
artist. One of the biggest honours
that he earned in his life was for his
famous picture 'The Wave'.
It shows a stormy sea with one huge
wave. This big wave towers over a
boat full of men. The Japanese government used this painting on their postage
stamps to show their respect for Hokusai.
Hokusai died as a famous artist when he was ninety.
The stories about the strange things he did in his life are still popular in Japan.
Questions:
Q1. Tick () the correct answers for the following questions:
(1) Why was Hokusai's talent not noticed at first?
(a) Because Hokusai did very strange things
(b) Because people did not think his work was anything special
(2) Why did Hokusai do strange things?

(a) Because he wanted to get noticed
(b) Because he was a little crazy
(3) What did the name “Gakyo Rojin' mean?

(a) The crazy old artist
(b) The old man crazy about art

Q2. Based on the passage given above, state whether the following sentences
are true or false:
(1) The government used his painting 'The Wave' on currency notes. .......................
(2) Hokusai changed more homes than names. .......................
(3) Hokusai was born in China. .......................
(4) People at first did not think Hokusai was good at his work. .......................
(5) Hokusai did odd things for people to notice his work. .......................
Q3. Answer the following questions briefly in your notebook.

(1) Name any two odd things that Hokusai did to get noticed.
(2) Name the two things that Hokusai constantly changed during his lifetime.
(3) What indicates that Hokusai died a famous and respected man?
Q4. From the passage find the synonyms for the following words:
(1) small – ..........................................................................
(2) footprints – ..........................................................................
(3) fall season – ..........................................................................
(4) popular – ..........................................................................
(5) huge – ..........................................................................

Activity 4
given below:
Every Word is a Puzzle
– By Sam and Beryl Epstein
"HELLO!” Isn't this a common household word today? But did you know that
this word didn't exist just a few hundred years ago? In those days people
greeted each other by saying, "Good Morning” or “How do you do?" People
spoke to each other only when they met each other. There were no telephones
in those days. It was only in the 1870s. that Alexander Graham Bell invented
the telephone!

People were thrilled by this new invention. Now they could speak to one
another even when they were miles and miles apart. This was so exciting for
them, that they would forgetf to say, “How do you do?" or "Good Morning"
when they were speaking on the phone. Instead, to be sure that the other
person could hear them, they would shout 'hollo'; an old word used by
farmers to call out to someone in the fields. By and by, this word changed to
'hello' and people didn't need to shout at all. Now this word has become a
habit and till today we say ‘hello’ when we pick up the telephone.
Just like ‘Hello’, new words are born every day. Every word has a story behind
it and is like a puzzle for us to solve. For example, the word ‘breakfast’ is made
up of two smaller words - break and fast. ‘Fast’ means ‘not eating'. Most of us
eat nothing from the time we go to bed till we wake up in the morning.
Hence the first meal that we eat in the morning breaks our fast and is known
as “breakfast'! Isn't this interesting?
However, not all words are so easy to
understand. The word 'paper' comes from the
word ‘papyrus'. Papyrus is a plant from which
the first paper was made by the Egyptians.
They used the pulp of this plant to make thin
sheets which was used to write on. Today we
use "paper' to write on but today's paper is
no longer made from the papyrus plant!
Wouldn't it be interesting to find out stories behind the words we use and
even try and solve the puzzles? Well, if you want to, then the Internet or a
dictionary would be a good place to start looking!
Questions:
Q1. Tick () the correct answers for the following questions:
(1) Before telephones were invented, how did people greet each other?
(a) By saying ‘Hello’
(b) By saying ‘good morning’ or ‘How do you do?’
(c) Both of the above
(2) Who invented the telephone?
(a) Alexander Graham Bell
(b) Egyptians
(c) None of the above
(3) What does the word 'breakfast' mean?
(a) A meal that you are supposed to eat fast
(b) A meal that breaks your fast
(c) A meal that breaks you
(4) What is this passage about?
(a) How paper was made
(b) How words develop over time
(c) How telephone was invented
Q2. Answer the following questions briefly in your notebook.

(1) Describe the origin of the word 'Hello'.
(2) What is the relation between paper and papyrus?
(3) Why do you think the author says that words are like ‘puzzles'?
Q3. From the passage find words that mean the following:
(1) An act of creating a new process or machine ...........................................
(2) Give a word or sign of welcome when meeting someone ...........................................
(3) Something that makes one feel enthusiastic and eager ...........................................
(4) Usual way of behaving ...........................................
(5) Something difficult to understand ...........................................
(6) A book for finding meanings of words ...........................................

CREATIVE WRITING
1 Letter Writing
On Your Mark
Letter is a type of written communication. We express our self, our
thoughts and ideas to other people. Letter writing can be both
formal or informal.
 Informal Letter: Informal letters are written to family members, relatives
and friends. It’s an informal or personal communication with our loved
ones.
 Formal Letter: It is used for official work. We write formal letters to people
like Editors, Principal, The Municipal Commissioner, etc. This letter is straight
to the point without any unnecessary information. It is an form of formal
and impersonal communication.
In this chapter, you will learn all about writing a formal letter.
Format of a Formal Letter
(1) Sender’s Address: The sender is the person writing the letter. The sender’s
address should be on the top of the page, on the left-hand side.
(2) Date: The date should be written in this format – 9th July, 2020
(3) Receiver’s Address: The receiver is the person to whom the letter is written.
Put the address of the receiver after writing the date.
For example: While writing a letter to the Principal of your school, the
receiver’s address would be written in this manner.
The Principal
New Horizon Public School
Airoli, Navi Mumbai - 400701
(4) Subject of the Formal Letter: The subject is the reason of writing the
letter. It should not be more than 4-5 words.
Letter Writing 105

(5) Salutation: You should greet the person to whom you are writing the letter
using words like ‘Dear Sir/ Madam’ or ‘Respected Sir/ Madam’.
(6) Body of the Letter:
• Paragraph 1: Introduce yourself and explain the reason of writing the
letter.
• Paragraph 2: Here, explain the reasons in detail, you may use examples
to support your points.
• Paragraph 3: End the letter. You must say what you want or the solution.
losing/Subscription: End the letter with ‘Yours sincerely/ Yours faithfully/
(7) C
Yours obediently’ etc.
(8) Signature: After the closing in the next line, you must write the name of
the sender, followed by the sender’s signature.
Format at a Glance
(Sender’s address)
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
Date: 9th July, 2020
(Receiver’s address)
The ..........................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
Subject: ...................................................................................................................................................
Respected Sir/Madam
(Body of the letter) 2-3 paragraphs
Thanking you.
Yours sincerely/faithfully/obediently,
_____________ (sender’s name)
_____________ (sender’s signature)
Solved Example
You are Shreya Kapoor who wants to write a letter to her class teacher
asking permission to remain absent from school for 2 days on account of
her Maths Olympiad. Now let us see how to write a formal letter to your
school teacher.
Ans.
29/A, Sky Heights
M.G. Road
Mumbai-400081
23rd January, 2019
The Class Teacher
St. Xavier’s School
L.T. Road, Mumbai- 400081
Subject: Application for a leave of two days.
Respected Teacher
I am Shreya from Class III-B and I am writing this letter to inform you that I
will be remaining absent for the next 2 days on account of my Maths Olympiad
exams.
The Maths Olympiad will be conducted on 24th and 25th January 2020,
and as a representative of the school, I am participating in the Olympiad. I will
make sure that I do not miss out on the notes given in the school and cover up
the portion taken up during my absence.
I kindly request you to grant me 2 days holiday for 24th and 25th of January.
The Olympiad time table is attached with this letter. Kindly approve my leave.
Thanking you.
Yours sincerely,
Shreya
[Signature]
Letter Writing 107

Get Set
Fill in the blanks and complete the format with suitable words and sentences.
Imagine that your class has organized a tree plantation
drive and you are Rakesh/Ravina Sharma from class
Activity 1 3A and are supposed to invite your Principal as the
Chief Guest. Write a letter inviting him for the event.
.....................................................................................
L.T. Road, Mumbai - 400081
.....................................................................................
The .....................................................................................
St. Xavier’s School
M.G. Road, Mumbai 400081
Subject: .................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
Respected ............................................................
I am ........................................................... and I am writing this letter to ...........................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
The tree plantation drive will be conducted from .........................................................................

............................................................................................................................ and as a representative of my class, I
have the honour to invite you. We are going to ..............................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
So, I kindly request you to attend the tree plantation drive. Kindly grace the
event by attending it.
Thanking you.
Yours sincerely,
............................................................
[Signature]
Imagine that you are Tony/ Tina Pereira from class 3C.
Activity 2 Write a letter to your class teacher, requesting her to
plan a school trip to a historical place.
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
4th April, 2020

The Class Teacher
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
Subject: ............................................................................................................................................................................................ .
Respected ...............................................................................
I am ............................................................................... and I am writing this letter to .......................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
The students of our class have taken great interest in History so ................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
As a representative of my class, I request you to plan out a trip to .....................................
Letter Writing 109

.................. . We will get to learn about ....................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
So, I kindly request you ................................................................................................................................................................. .

Kindly approve my request by .............................................................................................................................................. .
Thanking you.
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
[Signature]
Go
Write a letter to your class teacher requesting her to
Activity 3 leave you early as you are not feeling well and need to
go home.
Imagine you are Asha/ Ashwin Kumar from class 3B. Write a
Activity 4 letter to your Principal for allowing you to conduct a ‘Food-
Fair’ on your school grounds.

2 Writing a ‘Thank-you’ Note
On Your Mark
 What do we say when someone helps us with something?
 What do we say when we make a mistake?
 How about when we want to request someone to help us?
 We use these ‘Golden Words’:
Sorry Thank You Please Excuse Me
• Using Golden words such as ‘please, sorry, thank you, etc.’ while talking to
others is considered as good manners.
• It shows that we are being polite, courteous and respectful towards others.
• Many times, people around us, help us with different things we need. At
such times, we say ‘Thank you’ to them.
• There are many interesting ways using which a person can express his/her
gratitude to the other person.
• Writing ‘thank-you’ notes to someone, is one such way of expressing our
gratitude for whatever the person has done for us.
Get Set
(1) Start with the name of the person to whom you wish to thank.
Use the word ‘To’ and write the name of the person below.
To, To, To,
Dear mother/father Dear uncle/aunt Savani/Rajveer
Writing a ‘Thank-you’ Note 111
(2) Write 5 to 6 lines about what you are thanking them for.
For example:
Thank you .......................... for helping with my homework.
Or
I enjoyed my stay with you and hope to visit you soon. Thank you so much
for making my vacation so enjoyable.
(3) Also, mention the most amazing or the most special thing about your
experience.
Solved Example
Imagine that your friend Aarya, has helped you to complete your class
project. Write a ‘thank you’ letter to her.
Ans.
To,
Aarya
Hello Aarya, I wanted to thank you for helping me with my science project
last week. You gave me amazing ideas on, how to prepare a model of the solar
system and also, make a scrap book with all the information on planets. I would
not have been able to complete it without your help. It was so much fun and I
got to learn a lot from you.
Thank you.
Zoya
Go
Write a ‘thank you’ note to your elder brother, thanking
Activity 1 him for the birthday gift he gave you this year.
To,
.....................................................................................
Hello ................................................................................................... I wanted to ...............................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
The gift ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................... . I really like it very much............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................ .
Thank you.
Ankit
You stayed at a hotel for your family vacation. Thank
Activity 2 the hotel Manager, for making your stay enjoyable.
To,
.....................................................................................
Hello Mr. ......................................................................................... . I am writing this note to .......................................

............................................................................................................................................................ for ......................................................................
...................................................................................... .The time we spent in your hotel was .....................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................ you helped us with ........................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... . We had lots of fun .............................
................................................................................................................................................................................. .
Thank you.
Anant
Write a ‘thank you’ note to your housekeeper, as she
Activity 3 keeps your house neat and clean.
Write a ‘thank you’ note to your mother, for taking
Activity 4 care of you always.
Writing a ‘Thank-you’ Note 113

3 Descriptive Writing
On Your Mark
 Descriptive writing is a detailed description of a person, place,
thing or a situation.
 The purpose of descriptive writing is to show, not tell. It paints a picture
with words and helps the readers experience what the writer experienced.
 How can one paint pictures with words?
One can write an effective descriptive paragraph by including the following
elements:
• Use five senses: Describe the details by using all the five senses wherever
possible – i.e., how something looks, sounds, smells, tastes or feels.
Such a description caters to all the senses of a reader and gives them a
complete experience.
Some words that can be used for each of the senses are given below:
Smell Sound Touch Taste See
fragrant croaking tickling raw slim
stale bawling smooth sweet robust
aromatic rustling fluffy tangy petite
pungent moaning scorching tasteless gleaming
mouldy whimpering spongy salty dim
musky whispering sandy sour sturdy
tangy whining sharp spicy gaudy
perfumed splashing stony spoiled crooked
sweaty screeching bushy appetising unsightly
burnt buzzing grainy delicious quaint
dewy roaring greasy mouth- attracting
watering
• Use figurative languages: Use of figurative language such as similes,
metaphors, idioms and analogies help in making the writing more
interesting.
• Use specific language: Using general nouns, adjectives or verbs is not
effective in descriptive writing. It is essential to use specific words,
adjectives and strong verbs that add life to the writing.
Besides the above elements, your paragraph should include the following:
• Title • Topic sentence
• Main ideas with supporting sentences • Concluding sentences
Write a paragraph on the picture given below. Use the

questions given at the end as your guide. Do not simply
Activity 1 write the answers to the questions. The questions are
given only to stimulate thinking. Give the composition a suitable
title:
Questions:
Is there any park in your area? What is its name? How often do you visit this
park? What do you do there? What kind of people do you always see in the
park? What is the best thing you like about the park? What are the things in
the park you think that needs to be improved? Why? What else can you share
about your visit? Look at the picture and write more about it.
Descriptive Writing 115

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Get Set
• In order to describe anything, we need to observe that person, place or
thing carefully.
• You can also describe events that happen around you.
Y
• Pay attention to small details too.
• Remember that the description should be lively and exciting.
• Avoid grammatical and spelling mistakes.
• You can use adjectives like tall, gorgeous, tiny, happy, angry, etc. or use
Y
adverbs like fast, neatly, sadly, etc. to describe things accurately.
Solved Example 1
My House
My house is where my heart is! All my childhood memories are attached to
it. It is a big house with a beautiful garden, filled with flowers at the entrance.
There are three bedrooms, a hall and a modular kitchen. The hall is where we
all sit together and watch movies. All the rooms are painted beautifully in blue
colour and have big windows. It feels quite homely and is my most favourite
place in the world.
Solved Example 2
My Mother
My mother is the most beautiful and kindest person I’ve ever seen. She is tall
and has a dusky complexion. She works as an English teacher. She has a bold
personality, yet is patient and humble. She is always there to help and guide me.
She is very talented and manages home and work fields very elegantly. She is a
blessing for all of us in the family and we love her very much.
Go
Write a descriptive paragraph on the picture given
Activity 2 below. Use the words given as required. Also give it a
suitable title:
birthday party, many

friends, fun and frolic,
invited, theme party,
dance, music, snacks,
big cake
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Match the topic sentences in column 'A' with their

Activity 3 appropriate supporting details in column 'B'. There
are three supporting details for each topic sentence.
Column 'A' Column 'B'
Topic Sentence Supporting Details
(1) The Earth is made up of layers. (a) • I go to the shop to buy an ice
cream.
• My favourite ice cream is choco
chips.
• I don’t share my ice cream with
anyone.
(2) It is very important to stay (b) • It condenses to form clouds.
healthy. • When clouds get heavy, the
water comes down as rain.
• The water on the Earth
evaporates in the air.
(3) The bee humming bird looks (c) • We need to exercise regularly.
like a bee in many ways. • Water is very essential to keep
fit.
• We need to have lots of fruits
and vegetables.

(4) Ice cream is my favourite treat (d) • It is the smallest bird in the
on a summer day. world.
• This tiny bird weighs as much as
a tea bag.
• It is smaller than many insects.
(5) There are three parts to the (e) • The crust is the outer layer of
water cycle. the Earth.
• Under the Earth’s crust is the
mantle.
• At the center of the Earth is the
core.
Write any one topic sentence of your choice, along

Activity 4 with its supporting details in your notebook. Draw or
paste a relevant picture to the paragraph.

4 Poetry Writing
On Your Mark
 When the same sound is repeated in the final syllables/words of
a line in a poem, it is called ‘rhyme’.
 Poets/poetesses use such rhyming words to create a musical effect in the
poem.
For example:
Twinkle, twinkle little star
T
How I wonder what you are!
Here the words ‘star’ and ‘are’ are rhyming words.
 Ten thousand saw I at a glance.
Tossing their heads in a sprightly dance.
T
Can you spot the pair of rhyming words in these two lines?
They are: ....................................................................... and ....................................................................... .
 Using rhyming words, we can compose poetic lines.
Get Set
Using the words given in the help box, fill in the blanks
Activity 1 with suitable words and complete the poem.
day, food, rest, May, best, mood
(1) It was a sunny ....................................................................... ,

It was the month of ....................................................................... .
We all were in a jolly ....................................................................... ,

happily we ate our ....................................................................... .
The day we spent was really the ....................................................................... ,
later, we went home and got some ....................................................................... .
mat , dish , dream, icecream, fish, sat
(2) Mother cooked a ....................................................................... ,

and served it on a ....................................................................... .
We gathered around and ....................................................................... ,
on a very big ....................................................................... .
After the dinner, I ate an ....................................................................... ,
and then at night I had a sweet ....................................................................... .
Go
Use the pair of rhyming words to create a 2-line poem
Activity 2 of your own.
For example:
(1) run – fun (2) ball – small
All day in the park we play and run .........................................................................................
A holiday with friends is always fun! .........................................................................................
(3) call – fall (4) sing – ring

............................................................................................ .........................................................................................
............................................................................................ .........................................................................................
Poetry Writing 121

5 Dialogue Writing
On Your Mark
 Dialogue is a conversation or a talk between two people.
 When we write a dialogue we imagine what the two
people would talk on a given topic.
 Dialogue can be made using ‘questions and answers’,
for exchange of ideas.
Get Set
 We always start a dialogue with a greeting
For example: ‘Good morning’, ‘Hello’ or ‘Hi’
 Set a proper background before you begin the conversation. Don’t start
the exchange of dialogues abruptly.
For example, if there are two friends (Rohan and Shashank) discussing
about their Maths homework, you can set the background in the following
manner:
Rohan : Hi Shashank. I hope you are feeling better.
Shashank : Oh yes, Rohan. Thanks for asking. Thanks a lot for giving me
your class notes. I will complete my work and return your
notebooks in the evening.
Rohan : Y
You’re most welcome. Did you understand the Maths
homework given by ma’am?
Shashank : Oh, I didn’t! I tried solving some of the problems but I got
stuck. I was going to ask you, if we could solve it together. Did
you complete it?
Rohan : No, I couldn’t. I would love to complete the work together.
One character can ask a question and the other can give an answer.

 End the dialogue with an ending line.
For example: ‘Thank you’, ‘see you again’ or ‘Bye’
Let’s end the conversation between Shashank and Rohan.
Shashank : That’s great. You can come over to my house today evening
by 6 pm.
Rohan : Thanks a lot, Shashank.
Shashank : You are welcome. And once we are done with the work, we
could play some video games, too.
Rohan : Great! Will see you at 6 then. Bye, take care.
Shashank : Bye Rohan!

Write the name of the two people conversing followed by a colon neatly
below the other.
Write the dialogues on the right-hand side
Rohan : ..................................................................................
Shashank : ..................................................................................

Check the entire dialogue to avoid repeating words/phrases.
Solved Example
Imagine that you have got a chance to meet your favourite sportsperson.
What would you want to ask him/her? Write a dialogue showing the
conversation between you both.
Ans.
(Sohail gets a chance to meet his favourite sports personality, the Indian cricket
legend Virat Kohli and gets his autograph on his brand new cricket bat. Sohail
is excited and gets to converse with his idol)
Sohail : Hello Sir, I am a big fan and I am very excited to meet you. Could you
please give me an autograph on my new cricket bat?
Virat : Oh, sure. (signs the bat) Thank you Sohail , what do you do?
Sohail : I am a student of Grade 3.
Virat : Do you like sports?
Dialogue Writing 123

Sohail : Yes,
Y Sir. I love playing cricket with my friends. My parents have got me
a new cricket kit.
Virat : That’s great. You should practice and study well. I’m sure you will make
your parents proud.
Sohail : Thank you, Sir. All the best for the next matches.
Virat : Thank you so much. Good bye!
Go
Imagine a dialogue between two rabbits as they see a
Activity 1 lion approaching near them. Write down what will
they talk about.
Rabbit 1 : Hey, did you see that ?
Rabbit 2 : Yes,
Y ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Rabbit 1 : I think we should ......................................................................................................................................................
Rabbit 2 : Y
Yes, you are right. Also, we should ..................................................................................................
Rabbit 1 : Great idea! Let’s ...........................................................................................................................................................

Rabbit 2 : Thanks to our ideas, we will be able to save our lives from the lion.
Write a dialogue between your mother and you about
Activity 2 your plans for Diwali celebrations.
Imagine that a bird and fish are talking about who is

Activity 3 luckier among them. Write a dialogue, showing
conversation between them.

6 Story Writing
On Your Mark
 Story writing is the use of your imagination to narrate an interesting story
of your own.
 It can be a story about you or someone else.
 Story can describe events, people and share the experience of happiness,
sadness, surprise, etc.
Get Set
 Describe the characters in the story.
For example: How tall/ short/ smart/ funny was the character.
 Make the story interesting but keep it realistic. The story should be easy to
understand.
 A story is always written in past tense.
Solved Example
Use the following hints to frame a story.
A forest — three monkeys — fight for food — another monkey comes between
the two fighting monkeys — while they fight — He runs away with the food.
Ans.
Once in a forest, there was a huge mango tree. On that tree, there were three
monkeys. They played all day and enjoyed eating the mangoes on the tree.
One day, the three monkeys saw a new tree with delicious looking fruits. After
eating many, only one fruit remained. Now, the two monkeys started fighting
as they wanted to eat it alone.
While these two monkeys were busy fighting, the third monkey ran away with
the fruit and enjoyed eating it alone.
Story Writing 125

Go
Activity 1 Look at the pictures below and frame a suitable story.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................
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Activity 2 Using the following hints, frame a story.

Grandmother — stays alone — very unhappy — misses grandchildren
— falls sick — grandchildren come to see her — take care of her — she gets
better soon — everyone is happy.
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................
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Write a story about a boy and his dream to be the best

Activity 3 cricket player.
Activity 4 Look at the picture and narrate the story.
Story Writing 127

7 Recipe Writing
On Your Mark
 Recipe is a list of things to do/required while cooking something.
 It is to be followed correctly.
 Add the things to the food as instructed and at the proper time.
Get Set
 Steps are the most important
 Follow order properly
 Give details about how to make a recipe, what to use, how much time to
cook, etc.
 Use action verbs to show what is to be done.
Solved Example
Your mother is feeling
f a little tired and has asked you to make tea. What
steps will you follow? Look at the picture and write down your actions.
Ans.
List of things required: water, milk, tea powder, sugar
(1) (2)
Heat water in a sauce pan. Add tea powder and let it boil.

(3) (4)
Add milk and sugar. Use a filter to pour the tea into a
cup.
Go
Fill in the blanks to complete the recipe for making
Activity 1 lemonade.
(1) (2) (3)
Take a .................................... Take a .................................... Cut the ................................
in ....................................
(4) (5)
............................................. the Add ............................................

lemon and .............................................
and stir well.
Recipe Writing 129
You have decided to make sandwiches for everyone.
Activity 2 Write down the steps and things required for making
sandwiches.
Activity 3 Write a recipe for making boiled eggs.
Fill in the blanks to complete the recipe for making

Activity 4 fruit salad.
Ingredients: various fruits, orange juice, honey, wooden spoon, large bowl
(1) (2)
....................................... and ....................................... Add ................................................ in the bowl.

the fruits.
(3) (4)
Pour ................................................ juice on Add ................................................ to the fruit

top of the fruits. mixture and stir it well with a
................................................ .

8 Picture Description
On Your Mark
 When we observe a picture, we note the big as well as small things about it.
 In picture description, we write down things that we notice in the picture
and make sentences relating to it.
Get Set
 Look at the picture carefully.
 Notice the people and observe what they are doing.
 Take a look at other things in the picture.
 Write it down in a few sentences.
Solved Example
Picture Description 131

Ans.
A Rainy Day
It is a rainy day. A girl is walking by, holding on to her umbrella. There is water
everywhere. Some children are playing in the rain. The street is completely wet
because of the rain.
Go
Observe the pictures and write a short description on it.
(1)
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................
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(2)
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(3)
Picture Description 133

Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................
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(4)
Ans. .................................................................................................................................................................
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Answer Key
Chapter 1 - Sentences Activity 4: Wrongly framed: 2,4,8
Activity 1: (1) India is my country. (2) Father washed the car. (3) We Activity 5: Individual student response
play in the garden everyday. (4) Seema is my best friend. Chapter 6 - Nouns - Singular and plural nouns
Activity 2: (1) Phrase (2) Phrase (3) Sentence (4) Sentence (5) Phrase Activity 1: cycle, toys, school, sister, bottle and dog.
(6) Sentence (7) Phrase (8) Sentence
Activity 2: (1) flowers (plural) (2) boy (singular), bag (singular) (3)
Activity 3: (1) a (2) b (3) c (4) c (5) b car (singular) (4) pages (plural), book (singular) (5) town (singular),
Activity 4: (1) How are you doing? (2) What a funny joke it is! (3) Stop holidays (plural) (6) chocolate (singular) (7) shelves (plural) (8) cow &
talking in the class. (4) Help your friends in need. (5) When will you field (singular)
come home? (6) I need some money. (7) How sad she was! (8) He got Activity 3: (1) songs (2) berries (3) heroes (4) studios (5) echoes (6)
an expensive watch. hooves (8) benches (9) calves
Chapter 2 - Subject and Predicate Activity 4: (1) apple (2) candy (3) photo (4) mango (5) bush (6) day
Activity 1: (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (5)  (6)  (7)  (8)  (7) life (8) fish
Activity 2: (1) Rajeev (2) Sonia (3) Arvind (4) My pen (5) A tiger (6) Activity 5: (1 – d), (2 – e), (3 – f), (4 – b), (5 – g), (6 – a), (7 – c)
The car (7) The Taj Mahal Activity 6: (1) Empress (2) King (3) Dog (4) Witch (5) Lady (6) He-
Activity 3: (1) sent a letter (2) passed the ball (3) plays guitar (4) here goat (7) Vixen (8) Drone (9) Madam (10) Tom-cat.
comes (5) is late for the meeting. Activity 7: (1) Heroine (2) Bachelor, man (3) Hostess (4) Mare (5)
Activity 4: (1 – f), (2 – e), (3 – a), (4 – g), (5 – c), (6 – b), (7 – d) Landlord
Chapter 3 - Sentences - Simple and Compound Activity 8: (1) Tree (2) Pencil and desk (3) Car (4) Museum (5) Grapes
Activity 1: (1) Watermelon is red in colour. (2) Mango is the sweetest and banana (6) Phone (7) Garden and flowers
fruit. (3) Orange is sour in taste. (4) Banana is a type of berry. (5) Activity 9:
Avocado is a healthy fruit.
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Activity 2:
(1) Man lady table
Subject Predicate
(2) King waitress bed
(1) The swarm of bees attacked the hunter
(3) Dog sister box
(2) He and his sister decided to make a birthday card
(4) Hunter widow notebook
(3) The police arrested the robbers
(5) Nephew enchantress bucket
(4) Either of the parents have to attend the meeting
(5) Harry and Ron tried to rescue Ginny from the Chamber Chapter 7 - Pronouns
Activity 3: (1) Simple (2) Compound (3) Simple (4) Compound (5) Activity 1: (1) you (2) you (3) I (4) me (5) my (6) I (7) my (8) she (9) I
Simple (10) you
Chapter 4 - Phrases Activity 2: (1) he (2) she, them (3) she (4) he (5) they
Activity 1: (1) S (2) P (3) P (4) S (5) P (6) P Activity 3: (1) He (3rd person singular), himself - (3rd person singular)
(2) We (1st person plural) (3) They (3rd person plural) (4) It (3rd person
Activity 2: Model Answers: (Individual student response could vary)
singular) (5) Us (1st person plural) (6) You (second person singular) (7)
(1) A beautiful box was kept near the Christmas tree. (2) The teacher We (1st person plural), them (3rd person plural) (8) They, themselves
did not get any answer from the students. (3) The river flows under the (3rd person plural)
bridge. (4) The thief entered the house very carefully. (5) The idea that
Activity 4: (1) They went for a walk. (2) She was playing a guitar. (3) It
you shared is quite interesting. (6) Weather in Manali is extremely cold
is broken. (4) He has a meeting tomorrow. (5) They were cooking the
in the winters. (7) Republic day was celebrated in our school. (8) I got
meal together.
my parcel in a day.
Chapter 8 - Adjectives
Activity 3: (1) Sentence (2) Phrase (3) Phrase (4) Sentence (5)
Sentence (6) Phrase (7) Sentence (8) Phrase (9) Phrase (10) Sentence Activity 1: (1) sweet (2) yellow (3) beautiful (4) dirty
Activity 4: (1) the first prize (2) on the bike (3) on the shelf (4) with Activity 2: (A) (1) happy, friendship (2) fresh, excess (3) poor, hungry
passion (5) with a loud noise (6) at the depot (7) in the auditorium (8) (B) food, people, hat, rabbit and duck.
near the mall Activity 3: blue, sweet, green, golden, white, colourful
Chapter 5 - Forming Questions Activity 4: (1) little (2) cold (3) torn/ dirty (4) warm (5) hard (6) soft (7)
Activity 1: (1) When (2) Why (3) Who (4) What (5) Where (6) How colourful (8) sweet/ melodious (9) delicious (10) kind/helpful
(7) Which Chapter 9 - Articles
Activity 2: Individual student response Activity 1: (1) Tanveer wanted to buy a book. (2) They went for a walk
Activity 3: (1 – d), (2 – c), (3 – e), (4 – b), (5 – a) in the park. (3) She is a sweet and kind girl. (4) Aarav bought a blue
Answer Key 135

sweater for himself. (5) Sayli has the best toys in her collection. Activity 4: (1) had taken (2) had completed (3) had promised (4) had
Activity 2: (1) an (2) a (3) an (4) a (5) a (6) an (7) a (8) a acted (5) had ridden
Activity 3: (1) the (2) the (3) an (4) a (5) the, the (6) the (7) an (8) the, Chapter 14 - Adverbs- Time, Place and Manner
the Activity 1: (1) brightly (2) forward (3) neatly (4) anywhere
Chapter 10 - Verbs Activity 2: (1) slowly (2) fast (3) neatly (4) carefully (5) loudly (6)
Activity 1: (1) playing (2) drawing/painting (3) swimming (4) writing always (7) never (8) beautifully
Activity 2: (1) throw (2) accept (3) drives (4) cleans (5) cooks Activity 3: (1) Daily (adverb of time) (2) outside (adverb of place)
(3) poorly (adverb of manner) (4) Kindly (adverb of manner) (5) into
Activity 3: Singular verbs: barks, swims, cleans, performs, prints;
(adverb of place) (6) bravely (adverb of manner) (7) now (adverb of
Plural verbs: sing, dance, remember, write, solve
time) (8) later (adverb of time)
Activity 4: (1) was (2) did (3) has (4) are (5) had
Activity 4: Student’s individual response
Activity 5: (1) have (2) are (3) had (4) did (5) is
Activity 5: (1) sweetly (2) exactly (3) thankfully (4) boldly (5)clearly
Chapter 11 - Tenses- Simple Tense (6) tightly (7) angrily
Activity 1: Chapter 15 - Conjunctions
Present Past Future Activity 2: (1) but (2) and (3) but (4) but (5) and (6) but (7) but (8)
and
is was, sent, believed, won will, will guide
Activity 3: (1 – f), (2 – c), (3 – g), (4 – e), (5 – a), (6 – b), (7 – d)
Activity 2: (1 – a), (2 – a), (3 – c), (4 – b), (5 – b), (6 – c), (7 – a), (8 – b).
Activity 4: (1) We have an idea and it will change the world. (2) Aadit
Activity 3: Individual student response
cried but he did not give up. (3) Shweta will win if she practises well.
Activity 4: (1) will laugh (Simple future) (2) kept (Simple past) (3) (4) Pranav always won as he put in all the efforts. (5) I was scared as I
closed (Simple past) (4) will open (Simple future) (5) gives (Simple was lost in the dark.
present) (6) fell, cried (Simple past) (7) cleans (Simple present) (8)
Chapter 16 - Prepositions
recited (Simple past)
Activity 1: (1) in (2) on (3) below (4) near (5) off (6) behind
Activity 5: (1) did (2) will/shall write (3) sleep/ sleeps (4) heard, will/
shall hear (5) laugh/ laughs Activity 2: (1) in (2) between (3) with (4) by (5) inside
Chapter 12 - Tenses – Continuous Activity 3: (1) under (2) from (3) for (4) around (5) above and below
Activity 1: (1) was singing (2) is helping (3) will be cleaning (d) is Activity 4: (1 – d), (2 – a), (3 – e), (4 – b), (5 – c)
riding Chapter 17 - Punctuations
Activity 2: (1) continuous tense (2) continuous tense (3) simple tense Activity 1: Mr. Paul, took his family to the beach. They sat and played
(4) simple tense (5) simple tense (6) continuous tense (7) simple tense in the sand, making sand pits, castles and collecting shells. Tom and
(8) simple tense (9) continuous tense (10) continuous tense Jane ate ice-cream. Mum and dad, enjoyed sipping cold drinks. What a
Activity 3: (1) were arguing (2) is expanding (3) will be completing (4) wonderful evening!
is hopping (5) will be hugging (6) was raining (7) is staying (8) will be Activity 2: (1) ? (2) . (3) ! (4) ? (5) . (6) ? (7) ! (8) .
travelling Activity 3: (1) The king said, “I am very angry today.” (2) Mother
Activity 4: (1) is leaving (2) go (3) are playing (4) am reading (5) walks. asked me to buy some potatoes, tomatoes, onions, pulses and other
Activity 5: (1) was cooking, helped (2) listened, was telling (3) came vegetables. (3) The teacher told, “Your time starts now.” (4) I know the
(4) was finishing, called (5) was raining place, where he stays. (5) Justin, sing a song for us.
Activity 6: (1) will be celebrating (2) will come (3) will be watching (4) Activity 4: (1) England lost the match against Australia. (2) Rahul’s bag
will, fight (5) will support was open. (3) The whole problem was Harun’s mistake. (4) The boys’
room was in a mess. They all were very shabby. (5) Arushi’s painting is
Chapter 13 - Perfect Tense
really good.
Activity 1: (1) has arrived (2) had run (3) will have graduated (4) has
Chapter 18 - Vocabulary (Figures of Speech)
taken
Activity 1: (1) Simile (2) Repetition (3) Alliteration (4) Simile (5)
Activity 2: (1) has (2) has (3) have (4) have (5) have
Repetition (6) Alliteration
Activity 3: (1 – d), (2 – a), (3 – b), (4 – e), (5 – c)

FFQ306 FF Grammar Grade 3 (Pages 136) Final Low Resolution

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GRAMMAR

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On Your Mark Fun, holistic activity based introduction of the content,

Get Set Development of the concept through passages, working of

Go Understand the concept/ rule in depth and apply acquired

Going Beyond Subject Enrichment-fun facts/ additional knowledge of the

Arouse curiosity about the writing skill to be learnt. On Your Mark

Solved example Solved Example

Assignments given to reinforce the skill learnt. .....................................................................................

Hello ................................................................................................... I wanted to ...............................................................................

Recipe Writing 105

Grammar 15. Conjunctions .......................................................... 80

1. Sentences ....................................................................... 5 16. Prepositions ..............................................................85

2. Subject and Predicate ....................................10 17. Punctuations ...........................................................89

3. Sentences-Simple and Compound ......14 18. Vocabulary - Figures of Speech ........... 94

4. Phrases ...........................................................................18 19. Reading Comprehension ............................97

5. Forming Questions ...........................................23 Creative Writing

7. Pronouns ..................................................................... 38 2. Thank You Note ............................................... 111

8. Adjectives ...................................................................43 3. Descriptive Writing ...................................... 114

9. Articles ...........................................................................48 4. Poetry Writing ................................................... 120

10. Verbs ................................................................................ 54 5. Dialogue Writing ............................................. 122

11. Tenses - Simple Tense .....................................59

12. Tenses - Continuous Tense .......................65

13. Tenses - Perfect Tense ....................................71

14. Adverbs .........................................................................75  Answer Key ............................................... 135

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father car washed the

we play everyday garden in the

Seema best friend my is

(2) on the table ............................................................

(3) Don’t go. ............................................................

(4) Help me out. ............................................................

(5) in and out ............................................................

(6) Please pass the salt. ............................................................

(7) near the temple ............................................................

(8) I am angry. ............................................................

6 Firefly QRBOOK Grammar – 3

(3) Doesn’t the sun rise in the east?

(4) Close the windows at once.

(5) They pray to God every day.

8 Firefly QRBOOK Grammar – 3

(2) Our neighbour has a dog who ................................................................................................................. .

(1) I have a secret dragon.

Which one is focused more?

Activity 3 Underline the predicate in following sentences.

Match the following subjects with their suitable

12 Firefly QRBOOK Grammar – 3

(2) .................................................................................................................... draws the best sketches.

(3) .................................................................................................................... is the tallest boy.

(4) .................................................................................................................... is the fastest running student.

(5) .................................................................................................................... is the smartest girl.

Subject and Predicate 13

is / red / watermelon / colour / in

the / is / sweetest / fruit / mango

taste / to / is / orange / sour

berry / type / banana / is / of / a

healthy / a / fruit / is / avacado

 A compound sentence is one where two or more clauses (each with a

Sentences - Simple and Compound 15

(1) The swarm of bees attacked the hunter.

Write whether the following sentences are Simple or

(1) The mountains are tall and beautiful. .............................................

16 Firefly QRBOOK Grammar – 3

Activity 4 Write the singular form of the following plural nouns.