IGCSE Travel and Tourism Unit 4 - Products and Services
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8k5wpt
benefits of increasing tourist accommodation at a destination
Name the Travel and Tourism providers
Five types of tour operator
Mass market tour operators
Independent Tour operator
Inbound tour operators
Outbound tour operators
Domestic tour operators
Specialist tour operators
Strategies for tour operators to make their profit?
What are economies of scale?
Backward integration
Forward integration
What is meant by the inter-relationship between Travel and
Tourism providers?
Components in tourism products
What does a package holiday comprise of?
What is an independent product?
What is an all-inclusive product?
What is an ancillary service?
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1. More tourist can stay
2. More tourists spend money
3. More profit is made to all T&T providers
1. Travel Agent eg: Premier Tours and Travel
2. Tour operator eg: Thomas Cook
3. Accommodation provider eg: The Cresta Hotel
4. Transport provider eg: G-Taxi
5. Tourist Attraction eg: The Valley of the Waves
6. Catering outlet eg: a restaurant
7. Entertainment venue eg: Sydney Opera House
1. mass market tour operators
2. inbound tour operators
3. outbound tour operators
4. domestic tour operators
5. specialist tour operators eg: golf or medical
1. popular destinations
2. carrying large volumes of tourists
3. low price and high volume
4. focus on standardised products like sand, sun and sea
1. focus on independent travel to particular "off the beaten track"
geographical areas
2. Small volumes
3. more expensive
produce packages, bring foreign visitors to the local destination
(e.g. a tour operator in Chiang Mai sell chiang mai holidays to a
tourist from America).
selling to the local people tours in other countries (e.g. a tour
operator in Chiang Mai sells to a customer in Chiang Mai tours
in Antarctic.)
tour operator in one country selling one's tours to customers in
that country (Thailand sell Thailand tours to Thailand people)
specialized in activities and destination (e.g. a tour operator that
is selling only hotels or golf tours)
1. Horizontal integration
2. Vertical integration
3. Economies of Scale
Cost advantages associated with large operations
tour operator takes over accommodation or transport service
tour operator takes over a travel agent
When one of the providers eg: a Hotel rely on another provider eg:
bus or taxi company to get the tourists to the hotel.
1. A package product
2. An independent product
3. An all-inclusive product
1. transport (flights and shuttle to hotel)
2. Accommodation
3. other tourist services eg: tickets to Disneyland or a round of golf
included
When the customer buys the product online directly from the
provider eg: a rail ticket or sightseeing tour
includes flights, accommodation, unlimited drinks, meal and activ-
ities
additional service offered by T&T providers beyond the main prod-
uct/service
 IGCSE Travel and Tourism Unit 4 - Products and Services
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8k5wpt
Examples of ancillary service
what is a guiding service?
What are the benefits of a sightseeing tour?
Benefits of having a guide
What is a currency (forex) service?
Problems of exchange rates cause for tour operators
How are consumers protected from dodgy travel agents
Infrastructure
Example of Infrastructure
MEDC
LEDC
8 types of accommodation
Hotel
Motel
Guesthouse
Hostel
Holiday village or camp
Holiday home
Visitor apartment
Bed and breakfast
Serviced accommodation
tourism products
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1. Travel insurance
2. forex exchange
3. sightseeing tours
4. car hire
5. airport transfers
6. passport and visa information
7. rail tickets
8. tickets to museums, theme parks etc.
9. guiding services
when you pay for a guide who has experience, training and local
knowledge of the area
1. usually in a bus with a good view
2. usually comes with a guide who gives a commentary
3. Hop-on and hop-off so you can stay a while at an attraction
4. goes directly to main tourist sites
1. Local knowledge
2. may offer a tour in your own language
3. has expert information about the wildlife/nature
4. knows the cultural background
Allows travellers to exchange their own currency for the currency
of the destination
a large exposure to risk because many tour operator costs are
paid in foreign currencies over extended time periods
travel agents must be licensed (e.g. if a travel agent got license
they will have more trust because if they are a bad agent they will
lose their license.)
built features that serve communities' developmental & opera-
tional needs
roads*, airports*, seaports*, railways*, telecommunications, edu-
cation, health facilities
More Economically Developed Country (e.g. America)
Less Economically Developed Country (e.g. Africa)
hotel
motel
guesthouse
hostel
holiday village or camp
holiday home
visitor apartment
bed and breakfast
at least 10 rooms with a restaurant
at least 10 rooms primarily for travelers and located next to a road.
at least 5 rooms with dinning services
simple accommodation offering dinning or cooking facilities
tents, caravans, bungalows parking
fully rented to holiday makers with kitchen
rented in accommodation establishment with kitchen (condo)
accommodation in a private house, including breakfast
price includes a charge for cleaning, room service (meals avail-
able)
a group of components or elements brought together to satisfy the
consumer's need.
 IGCSE Travel and Tourism Unit 4 - Products and Services
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8k5wpt
-swimming pool
-security
3 products/services from international 5 stars hotels for their -cleaning services
leisure tourists -lobby
-restaurant
-etc
-babysitting/ gymboree
-kids pool
International 5 stars hotels for the needs of family visitors
-extra facilities
-bigger rooms
How do you measure popularity of different types of accommoda-
Occupancy rates
tion?
percent of beds/rooms occupied against the number of
What is occupancy rate?
beds/rooms available
1. better access to sights and hotels etc
How does local transport help tourism at a destination?
2. allows them to get around once they have arrived by air
1. Taxis
2. Airport shuttles
Name the types of public transportation
3. Coaches and buses
4. Rapid Transport system (fast trains)
1. International flights
Name the types of air transportation 2. Regional flights
3. domestic flights
1. A scheduled service
What types of services to airlines offer?
2. A charter service
A hub occurs where a network of airline routes pass through a
What is an airport hub? major airport with many connecting services to and from other
airports eg: Dubai
the name given to any destination or main point of access to a
What is a gateway?
country or region because of its location and its transport links
What is an airline alliance?
Can you name the main intercontinental routes and airports?
Name some operating economics of air transport full fare versus budget ('no frills')
what is government regulation/deregulation of air transport?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of regulation?
air transport and tourism development - the role of governments
and international bodies (e.g. IATA)

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