“A STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AND

SATISFACTION TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLE”

A PROJECT submitted to
The faculty of the BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION program

Submitted by
SAYOOJ KUMAR O S
MPAUBBAR40

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs. HANEESHA HAKKIM
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

In partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MES MAMPAD COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

MAMPAD
March 2023
 DGM M E S COLLEGE MAMPAD (AUTONOMOUS)

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BEHAVIOUR AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLE” submitted
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BEHAVIOUR AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLE” and that
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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “A STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AND
SATISFACTION TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES” submitted for the BACHELOR OF
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION is my original work and the project has not formed on the basis for
the award of any degree, associate ship, fellowship, or any other similar titles.

Signature of the student

Date of submission:

Name and signature of the project supervisor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study will not complete without acknowledging my sincere gratitude to all the persons
who are helped me in any kind to complete my report in time. Firstly I express my sincere
thanks to God the almighty, the most Gracious and merciful. I am greatly obliged to Dr.
MANSOOR ALI P P Principal of DGM M E S COLLEGE MAMPAD and Mr.
ABDURAHIMAN M Head of the Department of Commerce and Management Studies for
their whole support and encouragement.
I proudly utilize this privilege to express my thanks and sincere gratitude to my inspiring
guide HANEESHA HAKIM, Associate professor, Department of Commerce and
Management Studies for the kind supervision, valuable guidance and constant
encouragement in every stage of the preparation of this report. I am also indebted to all
other faculty members of Department of Commerce for their sincere co- operation and
assistance. I express my sincere gratitude to the respondents for spending their valuable
time to give valuable information. I am also thankful to my beloved family and all my dear
and dearest friends for their sincere advice, source of strength and support for completing
the project work.

MAMPAD
SAYOOJ KUMAR O S
MPAUBBAAR40
 LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

NO

1 INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE 1-5

STUDY

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6-15

3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 16-24

4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 25-46

OF THE STUDY

5 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND 47-51

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX
 LIST OF TABLES

PAGE
SL.NO PARTICULARS
NO

DEMOGRAPHIC
4.1 26
FACTORS

EDUCATIONAL
4.2 27
QUALIFICATION

4.3 INCOME LEVEL 28

USER OF ELECTRIC
4.4 29
VEHICLE

USED OR TRIED
4.5 30
ELECTRIC VEHICLES

KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
EXCISTENCE OF
4.6 31
ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN
THE MARKET

ELECTRIC VEHICLE
4.7 PREFERENCE OF 32
RESPONDENTS

PERIOD OF USING
4.8 33
ELECTRIC VEHICLES

REASON FOR
4.9 PREFERRING ELECTRIC 34
VEHICLE
 REASON FOR
4.10 CHOOSING ELECTRIC 35
VEHICLES

PRESENT POSITION
4.11 35
TABLE

4.12 SUM AND AVERAGE 36

ELECTRIC VEHICLE
4.13 SUITABLE FOR 37
TERRAIN

FACTORS
INFLUENCING TO
4.14 38
PURCHASE ELECTRIC
VEHICLES

PRESENT POSITION
4.15 38
TABLE

4.16 SUM AND AVERAGE 39

PREFERENCE OF
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
4.17 40
FOR LONG DISTANCED
DRIVE

SATISFACTION OF
4.18 USING ELECTRIC 41
VEHICLES

SATISFACTION ON
4.19 ADVANTAGES OF 42
ELECTRIC VEHICLES

LIMITATION OF USIN G
4.20 43
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
 CONSIDERATION OF
4.21 ELECTRIC VEHICLES 44
FOR TOUGH TERRAIN

RATING OF ELECTRIC
4.22 45
VEHICLES

4.23 SUGGEST TO FRIENDS 46

 LIST OF CHARTS

SLNO TITLE PAGE

NO
4.1 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION 27
4.2 INCOME LEVEL 28
4.3 USER OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE 29
4.4 USED OR TRIED ELECTRIC 30
VEHICLES
4.5 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE 31
EXISTENCE OF ELECTRIC
VEHICLES IN THE MARKET
4.6 ELECTRIC VEHICLE PREFERENCE 32
OF RESPONDENTS
4.7 PERIOD OF USING ELECTRIC 33
VEHICLES
4.8 REASON FOR PREFERRING 34
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
4.9 ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUITABLE FOR 37
TERRAIN
4.10 PREFERENCE OF ELECTRIC 40
VEHICLE FOR LONG DISTANCED
DRIVE
4.11 CONSIDERATION OF ELECTRIC 44
VEHICLES FOR TOUGH TERRAIN
4.12 RATING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES 45
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1
1.1 INTRODUCTION

India stand third in the world with the largest road connection. Almost 60% of the people use
vehicle to travel. Petrol and diesel are the major cause of global warming and environmental air
pollution. Diesel vehicle are responsible for 66% of air pollution related death in India. The car
enterprise in India is one in every of bigger market within side of global and previously be one
of the quickest developing globally. However is now seeing flat or terrible increase rate, many
people prefer electric vehicle because of that they not cause any harm to environmental and also
due to increase in price of diesel and petrol. Many initiative have taken by government to
promote electric vehicle. By 2030, the government aim to make India a 100% electric vehicle
nations by establishing a necessary charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. To address the
issue of environmental pollution and fuel security under NEMMP 2020 National electric mobility
mission plan , government has launched adoption of electric vehicle in India. The main objective
is to achieve national energy security.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study aim to investigate the factors influencing consumer purchase of electric vehicle to
provide a reference for the design and development of electric vehicle and offer suggestion for
companies regarding future consumer purchase of electric vehicle and show them what are key
features that consumer need if they wish to buy an electric vehicle. The study also aim at
understanding whether the customers are aware of the electric vehicles in the market. It also aim
at understand are they willing to pay to buy a electric vehicle.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1) To understand the experience of using electric vehicles.

2) To understand whether the customer are aware of electric vehicle in the market.
3) To study the buying behaviour towards electric vehicles.
4) To understand what are the factors influencing them to use electric vehicles.

2
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study focus on the attitude of consumer towards electric vehicles. The study help to know
the experience of different customers of electric vehicles and their views. This study help to
know consumer buying behavior towards electric vehicle.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study is helpful to understand the level of awareness and willingness of consumer to buy
electric vehicle. It will provide a thorough analysis of factors that are encouraging and
discouraging consumer to buy electric vehicle as well as expectations of consumer from
manufacturing and government with respect to electric vehicle. In short, this study help to
understand the market potential of electric vehicle and consumer expectations from producers
and government.

1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is the way to systematically solve the problem. It contain the objective of
research study, the way of defining the research problems, the type of hypothesis formulated, the
type of data collected, methods used for data collection and analysis of data.When customer
make purchase decision, many factors came into count such as exchange of information among
family and friends, interest source, newspaper, magazine etc.Although the popularity of electric
vehicles is increasing, the market ratio of electric vehicles is quite low. It help to understand what
are factors that is influencing them to buy or not to buy electric vehicle.

1.6.1 PRIMARY DATA

Primary data is collected from the public through structured questionnaire. It is collected through
personal interview for first time and are original in character. This data are collected from the
customers of electric vehicles for the specific purpose by using detailed survey.

3
1.6.2 SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data are the data which has been already collected by someone and already submitted
for statistical analysis. Secondary data was obtained from websites and journals which are
already collected by someone for their purpose.

1.6.3 SAMPLING DESIGN WITH AREA OF THE STUDY

For the collection of primary data 60 samples are to be collected from Malappuram district.

1.6.4 SAMPLING METHOD

The samples are collected through convenient sampling method for the purpose of primary data.

1.6.5 TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

Data which are collected through structured questionnaire.

1.6.6TOOLS USED FOR PRESENTATION

The data which required for the study were collected from the selected samples using structured
questionnaire. The various tools used for the presentation are:
Diagrams
Tables
Graphs

1.6.7 TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSIS

Percentage
Garret ranking method.
Five scale

1.6.8 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

Period of the study is from 10th December 2022 to 31st December 2022.

4
1.7 LIMITATIONS

- Period of study is too short which lead to the chance of limited data
- Difficulty in obtaining response from respondent
- Sample size was only 60 users
-There may be errors in the secondary data collected.

1.8 CHAPTER SCHEME

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 : REVIEW OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER 3 : THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS AND INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 5 : FINDINGS, SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION

5
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

6
2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1) Study on Electric Vehicles in India Opportunities and Challenges (2018): by Mohamed

M, G Tamil Arasan, and G Sivakumar, Electric engines will replace internal combustion
engines (ICE) in a way that greatly reduces pollution and benefits consumers. This technology
has been adopted by numerous nations, which is helping the environment. The study observed the
opportunities and difficulties associated with deploying EVs in India. Government initiatives,
batteries, industries, and the environment have all been taken into consideration. With these
difficulties, factors including the price of EVs, their effectiveness in India, and desire for EVs
were took into account. India's adoption of EVs is primarily intended to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and oil costs. The government must make the most of the chances at hand and develop
effective solutions to the problems.

2) Consumer Perception Of Electric Vehicles In India (2020): by Mr. Omkar Tupe , Prof.
Shweta Kishore , Dr. Arloph Johnvieira, suggests there is a need for an additional energy
source to power the vehicles due to the current decline of fossil fuel resources and their rising
cost. Electric vehicles are being looked at by the automotive industry as a potential answer for
India's economy and ecology. However, despite governments enacting EV policies, the current
market prevalence of EVs is very low. The prospective market for electric vehicles in India is
examined through this research, and the perception of customers of the same was analysed.

3) Electric Vehicles: A Synthesis of the Current Literature with a Focus on Economic and
Environmental Viability (2012): by Marcello Contestabile, Dr Gregory Offer, Dr Robin
North, the study comes to the conclusion that advancements in battery technology, which will
lower costs and boost energy density, as well as the deployment of proper recharging
infrastructure, will have a significant impact on the longer-term penetration of EVs.

4) Potential Need for Electric Vehicles, Charging Station Infrastructure and its Challenges
for the Indian Market (2013): Praveen Kumar and Kalyan Dash, suggests that instead of
making a drastic adjustment, India can invest in small-scale reinforcements to handle the load
difficulties locally. Home charging ought to be promoted. Before putting in place the large-scale
charging infrastructure, proper planning for location, population, traffic congestion, and safety

7
should be taken into account. It is crucial to integrate activity in the transportation and energy
sectors. Development objectives through various cutting-edge policies and programmes, such as
the financial consumer incentives offered to drivers of electric vehicles, such as tax credits,
purchase subsidies, discounted tolls, free parking, and access to restricted highway lanes, will aid
in the market's expansion.

5) Conventional, Hybrid, or Electric Vehicles: Which Technology for an Urban

Distribution Centre? (2015): by Philippe Lebeau, Cedric De Cauwer, Joeri Van Mierlo,
Cathy Macharis, suggest that the Urban movement is significantly impacted by goods transport.
The potential use of automobiles in urban logistical operations was investigated by researchers.
The possibility exists to lower last-mile expenses by using a fleet with a variety of technologies.
The authors' primary contribution was taking into account the range fluctuation of EVs. Electric
vehicles are frequently one of the most competitive innovations in the compact van categories. In
the market for heavy vans, diesel has emerged as the most lucrative option because electric
vehicles need to travel farther to be cost-competitive. In the truck market, hybrid vehicles are
preferred because they have lower operating and fixed expenses than diesel trucks.

6) Consumer preferences for electric vehicles (2017): by Fanchao Liao, Eric Molin & Bert
van Wee, the widespread utilisation of EVs could help reduce issues like environmental
degradation, the greenhouse effect, and dependence on oil. Even though governments have
significant promotion policies in place, EV penetration is still relatively low. They presented an
in-depth analysis of studies on consumer desires for EVs in an effort to inform policy-makers and
provide guidance for future studies. They compared the financial and psychological perspectives
on why people prefer electric vehicles. The purchase and running costs, commuting range,
charging time, vehicle performance, and brand diversity on the market are all considered to have
a substantial impact on how useful an EV is in practice. The usefulness and promotion of EVs are
also positively impacted by the density of charging stations. Tax reductions and incentive
schemes have a significant impact.

7) International Council on Clean Transportation (2017): Lingzhi Jin, Peter Slowik, The
initial industry growth for electric vehicles continues, but a number of barriers prevent their
widespread uptake. These obstacles include the new technology's higher price, relative
annoyance as compared to range and recharge durations, and consumer ignorance of the

8
technology's practicality and availability. This final point—often referred to as "customer
awareness" is extremely important.

8) Hybrid electric vehicles: Principles and applications with practical perspectives (2011):
Chris MI, David Wenzhong and M Abdul Masrur, The study provides vital guidance to help
the new generation of engineers master the principle and further advanced hybrid vehicle
technology. They form the propulsion system for three vehicles including issues related to power
and energy management.

9) Electric Vehicles in India: Market Analysis with Consumer Perspective, Policies and
Issues (2018): Pritam K. Gujarathi, Varsha A. Shah, Makarand M. Lokhande, Indian
Context differs because EV/PHEVs now have a market share of less than 1%. Almost all cars
nowadays consider using fossil fuels for propulsion. These contribute to global warming by
polluting the atmosphere by releasing greenhouse gases. Domestic petroleum output and
consumption are diverging at an increasing rate. India imports over 70% of its annual oil needs.
Therefore, there is a pressing need to research the drivers behind green and cleaner options.

10) Perception and Awareness Level of Potential Customers towards Electric Cars (2018):
Masurali.A, Surya P, India makes up over 18% of global carbon emissions from the
transportation sector alone. One of the most practical alternative options to overcome problems is
the electric vehicle (EV). Many automakers are launching EVs and diversifying their product
lines. Promoting EVs can help lessen the nation's reliance on fossil fuels and pollution, which is
good for both consumers and the economy. People's level of awareness of EVs is substantially
more influenced by their education. Government should work hard to raise awareness and shape
favourable attitudes among prospective customers in addition to producers.

11) A Study of Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles (2018):
Pretty Bhalla, Inass Salamah Ali, Afroze Nazneen, Concerns about the environment, cost,
comfort, reliability, technology, social acceptance, and the availability of infrastructure all
influence vehicle choice. These claims have been validated for both conventional and electric
vehicles. They believe that these elements directly affect a person's choice of car. They
discovered that EV producers and the government must make greater investments to increase
public acceptance of the car by building more infrastructure and putting a greater emphasis on

9
technology to foster confidence. The investigation shows that the public is aware of the
advantages to the environment. Government agencies and businesses that produce automobiles
have a duty to invest in their production.

12) Electric Vehicles for India: Overview and Challenges (2019): by Mr. A. Rakesh Kumar,
Dr. Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Global pollution is increasing, and every attempt is being
made to reduce CO2 emissions and rescue the planet. The introduction of EVs is one such
initiative. Since the transportation industry is one of the biggest emitters of CO2, it's crucial to cut
back. The government has developed ambitious plans to introduce electric vehicles (EVs) to the
Indian market and keep up with the global adoption of EVs. An extensive report on EVs is part of
the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020. India faces a significant obstacle in its
transition to EVs from internal combustion engines (ICE). Along with extensive planning, this
requires R&D. Range anxiety must be effectively managed via charging infrastructure. Demand
generation must be created by electrifying all public transportation and providing tax breaks to
individuals who acquire EVs.

13) Opportunities and Scope for Electric Vehicles in India (2019): by Janardan Prasad
Kesari, Yash Sharma, Chahat Goel, it is difficult but essential for the government to formulate
an ambitious plan for the introduction of electric vehicles in India and to ensure a well-executed
execution. India's geography and diversity will create issues that need for careful responses. With
the acquisition of three-wheeled cars, buses, and four-wheeled vehicles for government offices,
public procurement is anticipated to be a significant factor in EV growth. It is also anticipated
that investments made by fleet operators like Ola and Uber and providers of food delivery
services will accelerate the initial rise of two- and four-wheeled electric cars. However, it might
take the private EVs 5–6 years to become widely used and accepted.

14) Indian Electric Vehicles Storm in a teacup (2019): Yogesh Aggarwal, Vivek Gedda and
Kushan Parikh, while scooter users who just need to travel distance might think about switching
to an EV, individuals who need to travel farther distances and currently possess motorcycles like
the Hero Splendor might find it challenging to switch to an e-2W. Increasing the battery size can
easily extend the range for cars. For electric 2Ws, however, every additional kWh might add
additional 30 km to the range, but the weight increase is just about 10 kg, or about 10% more

10
than the bike's overall weight. In smaller motorcycles, this weight problem is more obvious (less
than 150cc).

15) Challenges of electric vehicles from lab to road (2017): Yajna Somayaji, Naveen Kumar
Mutthu, Sasidhar Ampolu, Hemachander Rajan, for the past few decades, alternative fuels
have been the great buzzword among manufacturers, and the rise of electric vehicles seems more
promising than the use of fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel, etc. From two-wheelers to huge commercial
vehicles, electric cars have begun to make their presence known, demonstrating the quick
development of their powertrain components and novel lightweight materials. Even though EV
technology has advanced significantly, a number of barriers are preventing further development.
This study aims to shed light on a few of the difficulties Indian automakers deal with.

16) Review on Braking Energy Management in Electric Vehicles (2021): alery Vodovozov,
Zoja Raud, Eduard Petlenkov, the adoption of electric automobiles holds several advantages
for contemporary society. However, there are still substantial obstacles standing in the way of
their widespread adoption, most notably those connected to battery-based energy sources. The
systematisation of knowledge in one aspect of electric vehicle control, specifically the resource
management considerations when utilising braking controllers, is the focus of this review. Two
factors of the optimization of the braking process are listed. The beneficial solutions that were
discovered in the realm of urgent and progressive braking are first presented. Second, various
discoveries made in related automation disciplines are discussed as possibilities for their potential
use in brake control.

17) A Study on Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles in

India(2021): Sini V Pillai, Ajex Thomas Varghese, Abhilash VS, this study examines how
Indian consumers perceive and plan to buy electric automobiles. India is developing favourable
policies to promote the sales of electric vehicles in order to meet the UN climate targets of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions as the country struggles with environmental issues. In
addition, India is one of the largest global marketplaces for automobiles, and the future of the
electric car market looks bright. This study uses surveys and a quantitative methodology to
investigate the problem statement. This study employs empirical testing to determine the level of
consumer perception of electric vehicles in India and the influence of factors influencing

11
consumers' propensity to acquire them. It offers perceptions for the government and EV
producers on the customer expectations for electric automobiles in India.

18) Current Market Challenges of Electric Vehicles in India (2019): by Rajesh Katiyar,
Understanding the current market situation for electric vehicles in India and the numerous factors
influencing the adoption of electric vehicles is the goal of this study. Additionally, to measure
consumer awareness of and record their opinions on electric vehicles. The current state of electric
vehicles in India was examined, as well as the major obstacles that have the greatest impact on
the market's failure to accept them. According to the research, major barriers to the adoption of
electric vehicles include charging infrastructure, service facilities, fuel cost and efficiency,
charging time, and resale value. As a result, more people need to be aware of electric vehicles,
and the government needs to take the lead in developing more inexpensive better laws.

19) Current status of electric vehicles in India: an overview (2021): by Vikas Khare,
Cheshta J. Khare, Savita Nema, Prashant Baredar, the use of modern technologies in the
transportation system needs to be increased given the current situation. The alternative to
traditional gasoline and diesel-powered automobiles is electric or hybrid plug-in vehicles. This
study discusses the stateby-state breakdown of the number of electric vehicles registered over the
previous five to ten years in India. The Indian government's green car strategy is also discussed,
as well as the ecosystem of electric vehicles from a market, technological, and infrastructure
perspective. The main topics covered in this article include an evaluation of India's charging
infrastructure and grid parity for electric vehicles.

20) A comprehensive review on the growth of electric vehicles in India (2022): D. Duggal,
the goal of the study is to describe, elaborate on, and forecast India's electric vehicle (EV) market
segmentation. The study gives a broad overview of India's EV market segmentation. The study
comes to the conclusion that market segmentation will be beneficial in a number of ways,
including helping to clarify your target market and increasing the likelihood that your product
will be accepted in India. Marketers must create a solid plan centred on the target segment in
order to gain market share.

21) Case Study on Challenges and Barriers of Electric Vehicle in India (2021): Prantik
Sarkar, Electric vehicles enable widespread renewable energy deployment while reducing

12
reliance on fossil fuels like diesel and gasoline. However, there are other obstacles to electric
vehicles in the Indian context that must be removed. This essay analyses the obstacles to EV use
in India and provides a general overview of EVs. Some major obstacles exist, including a lack of
charging stations, EVs' greater pricing compared to internal combustion vehicles, and inadequate
long-term planning. Therefore, the unique features of EVs are essential for their operation when
renewable sources are not accessible.

22) Critical analysis of Market penetration strategies for EVs in India (2022): Mahesh
Vijaykumar Shitole, Davender Duggal, more over 60% of the population in India drives their
own or a shared vehicle, suggesting that road travel is a popular option. Compared to fuel-
powered vehicles, ordinary diesel vehicles have a greater impact on air quality. There is a need
for one more energy asset in order to power a vehicle due to the continued consumption of
petroleum derivatives and the rise in their price. Car industry is considering electric vehicles as a
solution for India's business and climate.

13
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14
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17. .Varghese, A. T., V. S. Abhilash, and S. V. Pillai. “A Study on Consumer Perception and
Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles in India”. Asian Journal of Economics, Finance
and Management, Vol. 4, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 13-25,
18. .Katiyar, Rajesh. (2019). Current Market Challenges of Electric Vehicles in India.
19. . Vikas Khare, Cheshta J. Khare, Savita Nema, Prashant Baredar (2021). Current status of
electric vehicles in India: an overview. International Journal of Electric and Hybrid
Vehicles, 2021 Vol.13 No.3/4, pp.240 – 255. Doi: 10.1504/IJEHV.2021.10048240
20. . Duggal, D. (2022). A comprehensive review on the growth of electric vehicles in India.
Prayukti - Journal of Management Applications
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 62-67.
21. Prantik Sarkar. (2021). Case Study on Challenges and Barriers of Electric Vehicle in
India- International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology
(IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429 Volume 9 Issue
VI Jun 2021
22. Shitole, Mahesh & Duggal, Davender. (2022). Critical analysis of Market penetration
strategies for EVS in India.

15
 CHAPTER 3

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

16
3.1. ELECTRIC VEHICLES

A vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion is referred to as an electric vehicle
(EV). It can be driven independently by a battery, a collector system, or electricity from
extravehicular sources (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity
using fuel cells or a generator). Road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater watercraft, electric
aeroplanes, and electric spacecraft are all examples of EVs. For road cars, EVs form a future
mobility concept known as Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric (CASE) Mobility along
with other upcoming automotive technologies including autonomous driving, connected vehicles,
and shared mobility.

Electric vehicles (EVs) originally appeared in the middle of the 19th century, when electricity
was one of the favoured means for motor vehicle propulsion. They provided a certain level of
comfort and usability at the time that vehicles powered by gasoline were unable to match.
Engines with internal combustion controlled the motoring industry for for a century, while
railroads and all types of smaller cars continued to be primarily powered by electric power.

3.2 GROWTH OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

3.2.1 High level of petroleum imports

The importation of fossil fuels is a major source of energy for the road transportation industry,
and crude oil purchases have grown dramatically over time. According to information from the
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas's Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell, the volume of
imported crude oil has surged 5.7 times over the course of a year 1998-1999 to 2019: 22 years. In
terms of money, the total amount of crude oil imported from 1998 to 1999 was Rs. 14917 crore
and grew to Rs. 783193 crore in the 2018–19 fiscal year. It was Rs. 717001 crore in the 2019–20
fiscal year.The considerable influence on India's overall economy of the large amount spent on
petroleum imports and trade balance. Total exports are listed in the World Integrated Trade
Solutions (WITS) database.According to the World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) database,
India imported goods totaling more than USD 478 billion in 2019 while exporting goods totaling
USD 323 billion, resulting in a USD 153 billion negative trade balance. India's entire import bill

17
for the fiscal year 2021–2022 (through February) was USD 551,155 million. Petroleum
contributed USD 128,930 million (23.39%) of the total. Moreover, the petroleum industry is
erratic, and the cost of petroleum has just increased significantly.

3.2.2 Market volatility, future uncertainty, and environmental concerns

related to fossil fuels

Over the past decades the recent volatility of the fossil fuel market and the crude oil price ,prices
have repeatedly risen to burdensome levels, posing a threat to the development of several nations'
economies. Given that crude oil is both expensive and scarce, depending on a variety of unrelated factors,
such as the geopolitical situation, it is preferable to lessen your reliance on them. Additionally, numerous
research show that the petroleum reserves are finite, and eventually all economies will need to switch to
new forms of energy sources.In addition to cost and availability, there is also another strong argument for
switching to an alternate is the environmental issue with fuels. The primary source of emissions is the
combustion of fossil fuels which is the primary cause of the local air quality decline and global climate
imbalance.

India committed to reducing its carbon footprint by 33–55% below 2005 levels by 2030 and
raising the percentage of power derived from non-fossil fuels to 40% when it joined the Paris Agreement
in 2015. 45% was added to this goal of minimising carbon footprint within the COP26 by 2030. The
Indian Prime Minister made more announcements at the conference that India will implement
"Panchamrita," a five-point plan, to reduce emissions to zero by 2070.

a)By 2030, India's non-fossil energy capacity will reach 500 gigawatts.

b)India will use renewable energy sources to cover 50% of its energy needs by 2030.

c)India will reduce its projected carbon emission by one billion tonnes by 2030.

d) India will reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by 45 percent.

3.2.3 Government Initiatives on Electric Mobility

The nation's adoption of electric vehicles will be promoted by the government. In 2011, the
National Mission on Electric Mobility's strategy introduced. In 2013, the Electric Mobility Mission Plan
(NEMMP 2020) was published. In April 2015 FAME India, or Faster Adoption of Manufacturing of
(Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles,as a component of the mission, launched. This plan included three parts:

18
demand subsidies,support for infrastructure and R&D. The FAME scheme's initial phase ran through
March 31 2019 and the second phase, known as FAME-II, began on April 1 of that year. FAME-II seeks
to improve the nation's ecosystem for the production of electric vehicles by incentives for demand,
creation of a network of charging stations.Additionally, the government has authorised the Production
Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI) for the domestic production of Advance Chemistry Cells (ACC). In
addition, 4 successful bids have been chosen for a 50 GWh capacity total.

The government has additionally taken the following measures in addition to the above mentioned ones to
guarantee the achievement of its electric mobility initiatives:

a)Modifications to the Drafting of Urban Regional Development Plans

b)Implementation Guidelines for Establishing Electric Vehicles (URDPFI-2014)

c)By the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Electric Vehicle Charging Amendments to Model
Building Byelaws (MBBL-2016)

d)Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs infrastructure guidelines and Standards for Electric Vehicle.

e)Creation of Indian Standards for Totally or Partially Electrotechnical vehicles.

3.3 Advantages of electric vehicles

1) Lower running costs

Compared to a comparable petrol or diesel vehicle, an electric vehicle has significantly reduced operating
costs. Instead of using fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel to charge their batteries, electric vehicles use
electricity. Due to their greater efficiency and the lower cost of power, charging an electric car is more
affordable than purchasing gasoline or diesel for your travel needs. The use of electric vehicles can be
more environmentally benign when powered by renewable energy sources. If charging is done with the
aid of renewable energy sources installed at home, such as solar panels, the cost of electricity can be
further decreased.

2) Low maintenance cost

Because they have fewer moving parts than internal combustion engines, electric cars require very less
maintenance. Compared to typical petrol or diesel automobiles, electric cars require less maintenance. As
a result, operating an electric vehicle has a very low annual cost.
19
3) Zero tailpipe emissions

Because electric vehicles have no exhaust emissions, driving one can help you lessen your carbon
footprint. By choosing renewable energy sources for your home's electricity, you can further lessen the
environmental impact of charging your automobile.

4) Tax and financial benefits

Compared to gasoline or diesel vehicles, electric vehicle registration and road tax are less expensive.
Depending on the state you are in, the government offers a variety of incentives and policies.

5) Use of gasoline and diesel is harming the environment.

Fossil fuels are scarce and their consumption is endangering the environment. The public's health is
negatively impacted over the long term by toxic emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles. Compared to
gasoline or diesel vehicles, electric vehicles have significantly lower emissions. Compared to gasoline or
diesel cars, which can only convert 17%–21% of the energy contained in the fuel, electric vehicles can
convert about 60% of the electrical energy from the grid to power the wheels.

3.4 ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA

Electric two-wheelers, three-wheelers (rickshaws), cars, and electric buses all fall under the category of
road EVs. Additionally, there are two subtypes of plug-in electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles
(BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). In BEVs, an electric motor replaces the combustion
engine and use battery-stored electricity from the grid .PHEVs (plug-in hybrid electric cars) have battery
electricity for an electric motor and liquid fuel like gasoline or diesel for an internal combustion engine or
another form of propulsion.EVs can be classed in ways other than the technology-based categories
indicated above, such asof their attributes such as i) charging time, ii) driving range, and iii) the maximum
load it can carry. Of these,the two key aspects of an electric vehicle that consumers should pay attention
to are:

1. Driving range (i.e. the maximum distance an EV can run when fully charged)

2. Battery charging time (i.e., how long it takes a battery to fully charge) and the input power
characteristics (i.e., input voltage and current), battery, and charging time battery size and type.

The following four types of batteries are commonly used today in EVs:

20
1) Lead Acid

2) Nickel Cadmium (NiCd)

3) Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH),

4) Lithium-ion (Li-ion).

Lithium-ion batteries have higher specific energy relative to the other battery types. In the future,
technology innovations with Li-ion and other battery technologies are expected to result in batteries with
much higher specific energy and lower costs.

3.5 INDIA'S NECESSITY TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES

India needs a transportation revolution.

It is not possible to carry on with the current course of introducing more and more ,adding additional
vehicles that consume costly imported gasoline and congest already crowded cities that experience
significant air pollution and infrastructure problems.

It appears that there is a potential global solution to decarbonize the transportation sector It is a switch
to electric transportation.

3.6 MAJOR PLAYERS IN EV MARKET

1. Tesla

Tesla, a leading player in the electric vehicle business, was founded in 2003 and is based in the state of
California in the United States. Tesla creates, develops, manufactures, and markets energy generating and
storage technologies in addition to powerful all-electric cars. The business just launched the Model 3,
which quickly shot to the top of the list of the most popular vehicles in the nation. The business has
demonstrated over time that it is capable of producing very advanced automobiles. The business wants to
create a substantial building a new production facility in the Asia Pacific region and China's Shanghai.

21
2. BMW

BMW is a multinational automaker with its headquarters in Munich, Germany. It was started back in
1916. The four principal business Automobiles, financial services, motorcycles, and other businesses are
segments.The company sells SUVs and other cars in the automotive industry.There are available electric
vehicles, such the plug-in hybrid BMW i3 and i8. By 2025, the 12 of the company's 25 electrified vehicles
will be entirely electric.

3. Nissan Motors 3.

Nissan Motor, a Japanese corporation founded in 1933, is headquartered in Yokohama.Nissan Motor

Company is made up of the brands Nissan, Infiniti, and Datsun.In the automotive sector, easily
recognisable .Its been quite a while since itsbtop-selling Selling more than 200,000 units, the Nissan Leaf
model dominated the marketby2016 units. The business provides numerous automobiles and vehicle
parts,engines, transmissions by hand, vehicles with specialised equipment, and industrial engines,
equipment, and more. The company also manufactures electric vehiclesfor its customers (BEVs). With
new features, such as a larger battery and agreater power and range (up to 363) with a 160-kW electric
motor,In 2019, Nissan debuted the Nissan Leaf Plus.

4. Volkswagen
Volkswagen was established in 1937 and is a well-known automaker with its headquarters in Wolfsburg,
Germany. 12 brands owned by the firm are Volkswagen Passenger Cars, Audi, SEAT, KODA, Bentley,
Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, Ducati, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Scania, and MAN. The
company sells sedans, minicars, SUVs, luxury cars, supercars, and commercial vehicles. It offers a variety
of vehicles for sale, including diesel, gas, and electric models. The two most well-liked electric vehicles
produced by the firm are the e-Golf and e-Up.

5. BYD GROUP
One of the few companies with a focus on producing commercial electric vehicles is BYD. It was
established in 1995 and has offices in Guangdong, China. The company's three primary business
categories are automobiles, handset and assembly services, and rechargeable batteries and photovoltaic. A
corporation called BYD specialises in the design, production, and assembling of a variety of products. The
corporation has operations in China, the US, Europe, and India, among other countries. The organisation
has created partnerships all across the world with a focus on collaborations. For instance, Nobina, the
biggest bus company in Sweden and the Nordic region, added 20 more e-buses from BYD to its
expanding order book in 2019.

22
3.7. CUSTOMER

A customer is an individual or business that purchases another company‟s goods or services.Business

companies may place so many business strategies to competitor with other companies to attract their
customers by lower price, advertising on products, discounting etc. to expend their customer basis.

The term customers, which is an individual who purchases goods and services.Customers are
defined as end users of goods or services, who traditionally make purchases with their own money or
credit cards. Customer differs from purchasing agent who uses corporate capital to buy goods at wholesale
for commercial or industrial use.

3.8 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

customer satisfaction, is a marketing word that is commonly employed. It evaluates whether a

company's goods and services meet or exceed customers' expectations. A customer's reported experience
with a company, its products, or its services (ratings) is described as "the number of customers, or
percentage of total customers, whose reported experience exceeds stated satisfaction goals." Customers
have a crucial part in maintaining the usefulness of a good or service, thus it is in the interest of the
company to assure customer satisfaction and foster client loyalty.

3.9 CUSTOMER AWARENESS

Consumer awareness is the understanding of the consumption of goods developed by customers in the
long-term purchasing environment. The subjective element of the shift in consumer consciousness is the
concept of life transition. People's ideas of what a good life is changing constantly as people's living
standards and wages rise. Changes in consumer awareness are driven internally by variations in consumer
personality. Consumer awareness changes because of increased market rivalry. In an increasingly
cutthroat industry, several businesses have introduced their own brands of goods. Consumers' brand
awareness develops as they encounter a wide range of products and brands. Paying attention to the brand
when making purchases has grown popular. Due to the intense competition, businesses realised the value
of implementing brand strategies, focused on market research, and, as a result, developed a thorough
understanding of consumer psychology in order to increase market share and brand loyalty.

23
3.10 BUYING BEHAVIOUR

Consumer buying behaviour describes the steps that consumers take before making a purchase of a
good or service, both online and offline. Search engine research, participation in social media discussions,
and a range of other activities could be part of this process. Understanding this process is beneficial for
organisations because it enables them to better match their marketing attempts to those that have
previously been successful in persuading customers to make purchases.

There are several factors that affect this type of behavior.

Cultural Factors - Culture is not always defined by a person's nationality. It can also be defined by their
associations, their religious beliefs or even their location.

Social Factors - Elements in a person's environment that impact the way they see products.

Personal Factors - These may include someone's age, marital status, budget, personal beliefs, values,
and morals.

Psychological Factors - A person's state of mind when they are approached with a product will often
determine how they feel not only about the item itself but the brand as a whole.

3.11 PURCHASE DECISION

The consumer strengthens their commitment to move forward with the real purchase after weighing their
options. As an illustration, the customer can promise themselves, "Yes, I'll buy Brand X one day."
Purchase intent refers to this internal motivation to make a purchase. Purchase intent is a reliable yet
unreliable predictor of sales. Purchase intentions might occasionally fail to materialise into real purchases,
which may indicate a marketing issue. For instance, a customer might want to acquire a new product but
may not be aware of the stores that carry it, making the transaction impossible. The sales conversion rate
is the proportion of buy intentions that result in actual purchases.

24
 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

25
4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

TABLE 4.1

PARTICULARS CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Gender Male 37 61.67%
Female 23 38.33%
Age 18 - 22 31 51.67%
22-26 14 23.33%
26-30 9 15%
Above 40 6 10%

INTERPRETATION

In the above table 4.1 shows the clear picture of that the majority of the respondents are male. In
the samples 61.67 % respondents are male and 38.33 % respondents are female.

The majority of the age category of the respondent is belonging to the age group 18-22 with a
percentage of 51.67 % and with the age between 22-26 years ,that is 23.33 %. The 15% of
respondent is included in the age group of 26-30.The 10 % of respondent is included in the age
group of above 40 .

26
4.2 EDCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

TABLE 4.2

QUALIFICATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

SSLC 1 1.67%
Plus two 12 20%
Graduate 36 60%
others 11 18.33%
Total 60 100
Source note: primary data

CHART 4.1

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
SSLC Plus two Graduate others

INTERPRETATION

Above table 4.2 mentioned that majority of respondents are having Graduate at 60 % and Plus
two at 20 %. 18.33 % of the samples taken from others and 1.67% of the sample taken are SSLC.

27
4.3 INCOME LEVEL

TABLE 4.3

INCOME LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

UPTO 20000 32 53.33%
UPTO 30000 13 21.67%
UPTO 40000 5 8.33%
Others 10 16.67 %
Total 60 100 %
Source note: primary data

CHART 4.2

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
UPTO 20000 UPTO 30000 UPTO 40000 others

INTERPRETATION

Above table 4.3 mentioned that majority of respondents are having income level upto 20000 at
53.33 % and income level upto 30000 at 21.67 %. 16.67 % of the samples taken from those
having inome level of more than 40000 and 8.33% of the sample taken from those having income
level upto 4oooo.

28
4.4 ARE YOU A USER OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

TABLE 4.4

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 37 61.67%
No 23 38.33%
Total 60 100%
Source : primary data

CHART 4.3

YES

N0

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.4 reveals that out of total respondents taken for study , 37 respondents ( 61.67
%) are belonging to yes category and only 23 respondents ( 38.33 % ) are belonging to no
category. It means that majority of respondents users of electric vehicles.

29
4.5 HAVE U EVER USED OR TRIED ELECTRIC VEHICLES

TABLE 4.5

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 44 73.33%
No 16 26.67%
Total 60 100%
Source : primary data

CHART 4.4

Sales

yes
no

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.5 reveals that out of total respondents taken for study , 44 respondents ( 73.33
%) are belonging to yes category and only 16 respondents ( 26.67 % ) are belonging to no
category. It means that majority of respondents are used or tried electric vehicles.

30
4.6 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EXCISTENCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
IN THE MARKET

TABLE 4.6

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Advertisement 27 45 %
Online market 8 13.33 %
Family and friends 21 35 %
Others 4 6.67 %
Total 60 100 %

CHART 4.5

30

25

20

15

10

0
advertisement online market family and others
friends

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.6 reveals that 45% of respondent gained their knowledge through
Advertisment.13.33% respondent gained their knowledge through online market.35% of
respondent gained their knowledge through family and friends.6.67% of respondent gained their
knowledge through other source.

31
4.7 ELECTRIC VEHICLE PREFERENCE OF RESPONDENTS

TABLE 4.7

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

EV car 21 35 %
EV bike 9 15 %
EV auto 3 5%
EV scooter 27 45 %
Total 60 100 %

CHART 4.6

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EV car
EV bike
EV auto
EV scooter

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.7 reveals that 35 % of respondent are prefer EV Car.15% % of respondent are
prefer EV Bike.5 % of respondent are prefer EV Auto.45 % of respondent are prefer EV Scooter.

32
4.8 PERIOD OF USING ELECTRIC VEHICLES

TABLE 4.8

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1-2 years 40 65.6 %
3-4 years 6 9.8 %
5-6 years 1 1.6 %
others 13 21.3 %
Total 60 100 %

CHART 4.7

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
1-2 years 3-4 years 5-6 years others

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.8 reveals 65.6% of respondent are use electric vehicle for period of 1-2
years.9.8% of respondent are use electric vehicle for period 3-4 years.1.6% of respondent are use
electric vehicle for period of 5-6 years.21.3% of respondent are use electric vehicle for period of
more than this.
33
4.9 REASON FOR PEFERING ELECTRIC VEHICLE

TABLE 4.9

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Zero emission 17 28.33 %
Mileage 10 16.67 %
Avoid petrol price 28 46.67 %
others 5 8.33%
Total 60 100 %

CHART 4.8

30

25

20

15

10

0
zero emission mileage avoid petrol price others

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.9 reveals 28.33% of respondent are prefer electric vehicle for a reason of zero
emission. 16.67% of respondent are prefer electric vehicle for a reason of mileage. 46.67% of
respondent are prefer electric vehicle for a reason of Avoid petrol price. 8.33% of respondent are
prefer electric vehicle for a other reasons.

34
4.10 REASON FOR CHOOSING ELECTRIC VEHICLES

The following table shows the reasons for choosing electric vehicle and respective average score
with matching rank calculated on the basis of Garret ranking method.

TABLE 4.10

PARTICULARS RANK 1 RANK 2 RANK 3 RANK 4 RANK 5 RANK 6

Zero emission 31 10 9 4 1 5

Reducing expense 4 23 14 7 6 6

Mileage 6 9 21 10 12 2

Avoid petrol price 7 5 5 29 6 8

Eco friendly 7 5 8 9 27 4

Less sound pollution 5 8 3 1 5 35

TABLE 4.11

PARTICULARS PRESENT POSITION GARRET VALUE

VALUE

Rank 1 100(1-0.5)/6=8.33 77

Rank 2 100(2-0.5)/6=25 63

Rank 3 100(3-0.5)/6=41.67 54

Rank 4 100(4-0.5)/6=58.33 46

Rank 5 100(5-0.5)/6=75 37

Rank 6 100(6-0.5)/6=91.67 23

35
 TABLE 4.12

AVERAGE AND RANKS

PARTICULARS SUM AVERAGE RANK

Zero emission 4620 77 6

Reducing expense 3780 54.6 5

Mileage 3240 54 4

Avoid petrol price 2760 46 3

Eco friendly 2109 35.15 2

Less sound pollution 1380 23 1

INTERPRETATION

The above table shows that reason for choosing electric vehicles using Garret ranking method.It
clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to less sound pollution. second rank to eco friendly.
Third rank to avoid petrol price and fourth rank to mileage. Reducing expense get fifth rank and
sixth rank to zero emission.

36
4.11 ELECRTIC VEHICLE SUITABLE FOR YOUR TERRAIN

TABLE 4.13

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 56 93.33
No 4 6.67
Total 60 100%

CHART 4.9

yes
no

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.13 reveals that out of total respondents taken for study , 56 respondents (
93.33%) are belonging to yes category and only 4 respondents ( 6.67 % ) are belonging to no
category. It means that electric vehicle is suitable for your terrain.

37
4.12 FACTOR INFLUENCING TO PURCHASE ELECTRIC VEHICLES

TABLE 4.14

PARTICULARS RANK 1 RANK 2 RANK 3 RANK 4 RANK 5 RANK 6

Colour 29 5 2 6 4 14

Low running cost 7 23 11 6 10 3

Performance 2 11 27 13 4 3

Pollution free 9 13 8 23 0 7

Quality 7 7 6 3 35 2

Service availability 6 1 6 9 7 31

TABLE 4.15

PARTICULARS PRESENT POSITION GARRET VALUE

VALUE

Rank 1 100(1-0.5)/6=8.33 77

Rank 2 100(2-0.5)/6=25 63

Rank 3 100(3-0.5)/6=41.67 54

Rank 4 100(4-0.5)/6=58.33 46

Rank 5 100(5-0.5)/6=75 37

Rank 6 100(6-0.5)/6=91.67 23

38
 TABLE 4.16

AVERAGE AND RANKS

PARTICULARS SUM AVERAGE RANK

Colour 4620 77 6

Low running cost 3780 63 5

Performance 3240 54 4

Pollution free 2760 46 3

Quality 2220 37 2

Service availability 1380 23 1

INTERPRETATION

The above table shows that factor influence to purchase electric vehicles using Garret ranking
method.It clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to service availibility. second rank to
quality. Third rank to pollution free and fourth rank to performance. Low running cost get fifth
rank and sixth rank to colour.

39
4.13 PREFERENCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR LONG DISTANCED DRIVE

TABLE 4.17

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 26 43.33 %
No 34 56.67 %
Total 60 100%

CHART 4.10

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
YES NO

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.17 reveals that out of total respondents taken for study , 26 respondents (
43.33%) are belonging to yes category and only 34 respondents ( 56.67 % ) are belonging to no
category. It means that most of them are not prefer electric vehicles for long distance drive.

40
4.14 SATISFACTION LEVEL OF USING ELECTRIC VEHICLES

TABLE 4.18

PARTICULARS MEAN RANK

Low running cost 4.35 1
Low maintenance cost 3.80 2
Zero emissions 3.76 3
Financial benefit 3.73 4
Ease of drive 3.36 6
Convenience of charging 3.35 7
No noise pollution 3.41 5

INTERPRETATION

The above table shows that satisfaction level of using electric vehicles using Garret ranking
method. It clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to low running cost . second rank to low
maintainence cost . Third rank to zero emission and fourth rank to financial benefit. No noise
pollution get fifth rank and sixth rank to ease of drive and seventh to convenience of charging.

41
4.15 SATISFACTION ON THE ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

TABLE 4.19

PARTICULARS MEAN RANK

No gas required 3.23 6
More convenient 3.30 5
Money saving 3.55 4
Popularity 4.31 1
Safe to drive 3.85 3
Better life and cost 4.00 2

INTERPRETATION

The above table shows that satisfaction on the advantage of electric vehicles using Garret
ranking method. It clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to popularity . second rank to
better life and cost. Third rank to safe to drive and fourth rank to money saving. More
convenient get fifth rank and sixth rank to no gas required.

42
4.16 LIMITATION OF USING ELECTRIC VEHICLES

TABLE 4.20

PARTICULARS MEAN RANK

Charging point 4.16 7
Initial investment 3.56 3
Electricity 3.58 4
Short driving 3.66 5
Long recharge timing 3.68 6
Battery replacement 3.45 2
Low amount of choice 3.36 1

INTERPRETATION

The above table shows that limitation of using electric vehicles using Garret ranking method. It
clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to low amount of choice . second rank to battery
replacement. Third rank to initial investment and fourth rank to electricity. Short driving get fifth
rank and sixth rank to long recharge time and seventh to charging point.

43
4.17 CONSIDERATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE FOR TOUGH
TERRAIN

TABLE 4. 21

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 33 55 %
No 27 45 %
Total 60 100%

CHART 4.11

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Yes no

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.21 reveals that out of total respondents taken for study , 33 respondents ( 55%)
are belonging to yes category and only 27 respondents ( 45 % ) are belonging to no category. It
means that majority consider electric vehicle for tough terrain.

44
4.18 RATING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

TABLE 4.22

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

0-1 6 10 %
1-2 9 15 %
2-3 22 36.67 %
3-4 20 33.33 %
4-5 3 5%

CHART 4.12

25

20

15

10

0
0 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.22 reveals 10% of respondent rate electric vehicle on scale of 0-1. 15% of
respondent rate electric vehicle on scale of 1-2. 36.67% of respondent rate electric vehicle on
scale of 2-3. 33.33% of respondent rate electric vehicle on scale of 3-4. 5% of respondent rate
electric vehicle on scale of 4-5.

45
4.19 WOULD YOU SUGGEST ELECTRIC VEHICLE TO FRIENDS

TABLE 4. 23

PARTICULARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 45 75%
No 15 25 %
Total 60 100%

INTERPRETATION

The above table 4.21 reveals that out of total respondents taken for study , 45 respondents ( 75%)
are belonging to yes category and only 15 respondents ( 25 % ) are belonging to no category. It
means that majority suggest electric vehicles to their friends.

46
 CHAPTER V

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

47
5.1 FINDINGS

* Most of the respondents are male.In the sample 61.67% of respondents are male and 38.33 %
respondents are female.

*Majority of the respondents are belong to age of 18 - 22.

*Most of respondents are qualified graduate and plus two.

*Most of the respondents are belong to income level upto 20000 and 30000.

*61.67% of respondents are users of electric vehicles and 38.33% are not users of electric
vehicles.

*73.33% of respondents have used or tries electric vehicles and 26.67% of respondents have not
used or tried electric vehicles.

*Most of the respondents gained their knowledge about the existence of electric vehicle through
Advertisement and from their family and friends.

*Majority of the respondents prefer electric scooter and electric car.

*65.6% of respondent are use electric vehicle for period of 1-2 years.9.8% of respondent are use
electric vehicle for period 3-4 years.1.6% of respondent are use electric vehicle for period of 5-6
years.21.3% of respondent are use electric vehicle for period of more than this.

*The reason of majority of the respondents prefering electric vehicle is to avoid petrol price.

*while analysing reason for choosing electric vehicle using garret ranking method,It clearly
shows that the first rank is obtained to less sound pollution. second rank to eco friendly. Third
rank to avoid petrol price and fourth rank to mileage. Reducing expense get fifth rank and sixth
rank to zero emission.

*93.33 % of agree that electric vehicle is suitable for their terrain.6.67 agree that electric vehicle
is not suitable for their terrain.

48
*while analysing the factors influencing to purchase electric vehicle using Garret ranking
method,It clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to service availability. second rank to
quality. Third rank to pollution free and fourth rank to performance. Low running cost get fifth
rank and sixth rank to colour.

*56.67% of respondents prefer electric vehicle for long distances drive remaining not.

*While analyzing the satisfaction level of using electric vehicle through garret ranking method, It
clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to low running cost . second rank to low maintanence
cost . Third rank to zero emission and fourth rank to financial benefit. No noise pollution get fifth
rank and sixth rank to ease of drive and seventh to convenience of charging.

*while analysing satisfaction on the advantage of electric vehicle through garret ranking method,
It clearly shows that the first rank is obtained to popularity . second rank to better life and cost.
Third rank to safe to drive and fourth rank to money saving. More convenient get fifth rank and
sixth rank to no gas required.

*while analyzing limitations of electric vehicles through garret ranking method,It clearly shows
that the first rank is obtained to low amount of choice . second rank to battery replacement. Third
rank to initial investment and fourth rank to electricity. Short driving get fifth rank and sixth rank
to long recharge time and seventh to charging point.

*55% of respondents consider electric vehicle for tough terrain.45% not consider electric vehicle
for tough terrain.

*Most of respondents rate electric vehicle on a scale of 2-3 and 3-4.

*75 % of respondents suggest electric vehicles to their friends.

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5.2 SUGGESTIONS

* Improved battery tech will make EVs more affordable and attractive than gas cars, thus
boosting demand.

*Avoid charging to full when possible. Just like with other batteries

*Expanding electric car charging infrastructure

*Improve battery recycling, so that the expensive metals used in electric car batteries can be
reused making them more eco friendly.

* Greater affordability and accessibility, primarily through lowering the cost of battery
production

*More charging points, enhanced performance of the electric vehicles, faster charging & m ore
ads to make people want to buy more electric vehicles.

*control the optimal battery state of charge during long storage.

*charging and heating / cooling programmes from the comfort of your armchair.

*To maximize the battery life, keep it charged between 20% and 80 % of the onscreen capacity

50
5.3 CONCLUSION

In view of the rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the process that the electric
car industry has through in recent years is not only incredibly welcome, but also highly vital. The
advantages of electric vehicles outweigh any environmental concerns, as shown in this study. The
biggest obstacle to the widespread adoption of electric – powered transportation is cost related, as
gasoline and the vehicles that run on it are readily available, convenient, and less costly.As is
demonstrated in our timeline, we hope that over the course of the next decade technological
advancements and policy changes will help ease the transition from traditional fuel powered
vehicles. This study covers the need for adoption of electric vehicles in the current world and
suggest measures to improve its efficiency.

51
BIBLIOGRAPHY

52
REFERENCES

BOOKS AND JOURNALS

-MacKenzie, James J., and Michael P. Walsh. Driving forces: motor vehicle trends and their
implications for global warming, energy strategies and transportation planning. Washington,
World Resources Institute, 1990. 50 p.
-Nesbitt, Kevin, Daniel Sperling, and Mark DeLuchi. Initial assessment of roadway-powered
electric vehicles. In Global warming: transportation and energy considerations, 1990.
Washington, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1990. (Transportation
research record, no. 1267 p. 41-55.
-ower sources for electric vehicles. Edited by B. D. McNicol, and D. A. J. Rand. Amsterdam,
New York, Elsevier, 1984. 1066 p. (Studies in electrical and electronic engineering, 11)
- Unnewehr, L. E., and S. A. Nasar. Electric vehicle technology. New York, Wiley, c1982. 256 p

WEBSITES

-https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0972262919875548

-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666691X21000130

-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1361920921003813

-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1361920921003813

-https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1080/1/012003

-https://www.riverpublishers.com/journal_read_html_article.php?j=JGE/8/1/3

- https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/india-electric-vehicle-market-report

- https://jmkresearch.com/electric-vehicles-published-reports/

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APPENDIX

54
 QUESTIONNAIRE

I am Sayooj Kumar o s, Student of DGMMES MAMPAD COLLEGE. For the purpose of doing
my project on the subject of “A study on consumer behavior and satisfaction towards electric
vehicles with reference to Nilambur Taluk”. I kindly request you to fulfill the following
questions. Thank you for spending your valuable time to fill this questionnaire.

1)Gender : Male Female

2)Age 18 – 22

22 – 26

26 – 30

Above 40

3)Education qualification

SSLC

Plus two

Gratuate

Others

4)Income level

Upto 20000

Upto 30000

Upto 40000

Above 40000

5) Are you a user of Electric vehicle ?

55
 Yes No

6) Have you ever used or tried Electric vehicle ?

Yes No

7)How did you know about the existence of electric vehicle in Indian market ?

Advertisment Online Market

Family & friends Others

8) Which of the following electric vehicle would you prefer?

EV Car EV Bike

EV Auto EV Scotter

9) How long are you use electric vehicles?

1-2 years 2-3 years

3-4 years Others

10) Why would you prefer an electric vehicle?

Zero emission Mileage

Avoid petrol price Others

11) Rank the reason for choosing electric vehicle?

Particular Rank
Zero emission
Reducing expenses
Mileage
Avoid petrol price
Eco friendly
Less sound pollution

56
12) Do you think electric vehicle are suitable for your terrain?

Yes No

13) Rank the factor that influencing you to purchase an electric vehicle?

particulars Rank
colour
Low running cost
Performance
Pollution free
quality
Service avialability

14) would you prefer electric vehicles for long distanced drive ?

Yes No

15) Show the satisfaction level for choosing electric vehicles?

Highly Highly
particulars satisfied neutral dissatisfied
satisfied dissatisfied
Low running cost
Low maintainence cost
Zero emissions
Financial benefit
Ease of drive
Convenience of
charging
No noise pollution

57
16) show the satisfaction level on the advantages of electric vehicles

Highly Highly
particulars satisfied neutral dissatisfied
satisfied dissatisfied
No gas required
More convenient
Money saving
Popularity
Safe to drive
Better life and cost

17) which of the following is felt as the limitation of using electric vehicles

Strongly Strongly
Particulars agree neutral disagree
agree dissagree
Charging point
Initial investment
Electricity
Short driving
Long recharge time
Battery replacement
Low amount of
choice

18) would you consider an electric vehicle for a tough terrain?

Yes no

19) on a scale of 1-5, how much would you rate on electric vehicles ?

1) 0-1 2) 1-2 3) 2-3

58
 4) 3-4 5) 4-5

20) would you suggest electric vehicles to others ?

Yes no

21) suggest any measures for the improvement of electric vehicles

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………

59