DIRECT FILLING GOLD

DR.CHANDRAKAR DEPT OF CONS & ENDO

KOTHI WAL DENTAL COLLEGE
 DIRECT FILLING GOLD

• Pure gold is the noblest of all dental metals, rarely tarnishing or

corroding in the oral cavity.

• It is inactive chemically, and it is not affected by air, heat, moisture, or

most solvents.

• Pure gold is very soft (22 VHN), and the most ductile and malleable
metal used in restorative dentistry.

• The process of gold compacting is also known as condensation.

 FORMS

Direct filling gold is supplied in three basic forms:

• Foil (also known as fibrous gold)

• Electrolytic precipitate (also called crystalline gold)

• Granular gold (also called powdered gold)

Except platinized foil and alloyed electrolytic precipitate, the

chemical purity of most types of direct-filling gold is 99.99% or
higher.
 GOLD FOIL

Gold foil is provided in sheets, which can also

be transformed to other physical form like
pellets, cylinders, ropes prepared by the
dentist, or partially precondensed laminates
of varying thickness produced by the
manufacturer.
 GOLD FOIL

Platinized gold foil is a laminated structure

with one sheet of platinum foil between two
gold foils. The objective of adding platinum to
the gold foil is to increase the hardness and
wear resistance of restorations made from this
material
 GOLD FOIL

During storage, gold foil, like most metals, attracts

gases to its surface from the environment, and any
adsorbed gas film prevents the intimate atomic
contact required for cold welding. To ensure the
cleanness of the foil, most gold sheets are provided
with an adsorbed protective gas film, such as
ammonia. The ammonia-treated foil is called
NONCOHESIVE FOIL. The volatile film on the foil is
removed by heating immediately before inserting
into the cavity preparation.
 ELECTROLYTIC PRECIPITATE GOLD

• It is microcrystalline gold powder formed by electrolytic

precipitation, which is sandwiched between sheets of gold foil
and formed into strips

• It is also called mat or sponge gold.

• This form of gold can be cut to a desired size and is often

preferred for its ease in building up the internal bulk of the
restoration

• Mat gold made of electrolytic precipitate from gold, which is

alloyed with a trace amount of calcium, can yield a further
increase in hardness
•
 GRANULAR (POWDERED) GOLD

• Gold powders in agglomerated form can also be

prepared by chemical precipitation or atomization from
molten gold.

• To prevent agglomerates from disintegrating, the

atomized and chemically precipitated powders are first
mixed with a softwax to form pellets.

• Heating to burn away wax is mandatory before insertion

into the cavity preparation.
 DEGASSING.

Prior to placing direct filling gold in the cavity

preparation, the dentist heats the material to remove
the protective coating or wax introduced by the
manufacturer, or contaminants on the surface
acquired during storage and packaging. Individual
pellets can be held over an open flame of pure
alcohol

This step is commonly called annealing, heat

treatment, or degassing. A more appropriate term
would be desorption.
 DEGASSING.

Powdered gold pellets may take 15 to 20 seconds,

whereas gold foil pellets and electrolytic gold pellets
may require only 1 or 2 seconds. Under heating can
compromise cohesion between segments.
Overheating can lead to excessive sintering and
possibly contamination by the tray, instruments,
or flame. The result may be incomplete cohesion,
embrittlement of the portion being heated, and poor
compaction characteristics.
 DEGASSING.

The fuel for the flame may be alcohol or gas, but

alcohol is preferred because there is less danger of
contamination. The alcohol should be pure methanol
or ethanol without colorants or other additives.
Advantages of flame desorption include the
selection of a piece of appropriate size, desorption of
only those pieces used, and reduced exposure to
contamination.
DEGASSING.
 COMPACTION

• Two of the main processes that control the quality

of the final direct gold restoration are cold welding
and wedging.

• Wedging refers to the pressurized adaptation of the

gold form within the space between tooth structure
walls or corners that have been slightly deformed
elastically
 COMPACTION

• A totally dry cavity is mandatory throughout the

compaction process to ensure complete cohesion

• The first segment must be sufficiently large that it is

secured by compacting it within the prepared
cavity. The second and subsequent segments must
cold weld to each other, and this will occur only if
the surface is free of contaminants and moisture.
COMPACTION
 CONDENSER

The condenser can be straight, curved,

angled, round, square, or rectangular, and
the surface of the tip can be smooth or
serrated. The tip can be flat-faced or convex-
faced. The condenser tip should also be kept
atomically clean.
CONDENSER
 SIZE OF THE CONDENSER TIP

Small condenser tips are indicated to

achieve the desired compaction at lower
forces than those that might damage oral
structures. The lower limit of the condenser tip
size is based on the tendency of the tip to
penetrate an area of the condensed foil.
 COMPACTION METHOD

The gold segments can be compacted by

hand pressure alone, by hand pressure
combined with a hand mallet, or by a
mechanical device that is activated by a
spring, pneumatic pressure, or electronically
(using an electromallet).
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPACTED GOLD
 PRINCIPAL CONDITIONS

High-quality direct-gold restorations can be ensured only

when four principal conditions are satisfied

The appropriate gold form is used for each specific clinical

situation

The material is used only where it is indicated

A perfectly dry and clean field is provided

The material is properly manipulated with the correct

instruments.