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What are the different types of

Volcanoes?

How are volcanoes formed?

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 1. Radioactive Decay (Al-26, U-235)
2. Primordial Heat
3.Core Formation ENERGY RELEASE -
4. Impacts HEAT
5. Mantle Convection
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 High Temperature
A property of magma is that it has very high
temperature. The melting temperature of rocks could
range from 800°C to 1400°C.

Viscosity
Magma has the ability to flow since it is a liquid.
The degree of resistance to flow is called viscosity. The
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more viscose a substance is the less fluid it becomes.

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 Eutectic Temperature
Rocks are composed of several different minerals, which
cause it to melt over a range of temperatures. The
melting temperature of rock, called eutectic
temperature, is lower than the melting temperature of its
constituent mineral.
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 Decompression Melting
Melting can occur when the temperature stays the
same but the pressure decreases. This process is called
decompression melting. This usually occurs in parts of
the crust called rift valleys, mid-ocean ridges, and in
volcanic hotspots.
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Magma rises to the crust.

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 Flux Melting
Another melting trigger is when volatiles or gaseous
substances are added into the hot solid rocks in a
process called flux melting.

The water vapor or carbon dioxide will react with the

rocks and weaken or break their bonds and cause it to
change from solid to liquid state.
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 Heat Transfer Melting
Magma can also be formed via a process called heat
transfer melting. It is the melting of surrounding rocks
caused by very hot magma bringing in additional heat.

This occurs in the rift valleys, mid-ocean ridges, hotspots,

and subduction zones.
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 Partial Melting
When a rock begins to melt, only certain minerals are
melted. This process is called partial melting. The rock
will eventually be melted completely when the
temperature is high enough. The magma formed by
partial melting has a different composition than original
solid rock.
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 Eruption – the event when the lava is spews out of the
volcano.

Effusive Eruption – dominated by the flow of lava and

formation of fountains and lakes.

Explosive Eruption - ejects ash and larger fragments of

broken up pyroclastic materials forming ash clouds.
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 Mt. Taal
Taal Volcano is a complex
volcano system, with the main
volcano standing at around
1,020 feet. Volcano Island is
the most identified feature of
Taal, but it's only part of the
volcano system, which has 47
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craters and 4 maars.

 Mt. Makiling
Mount Makiling is a dormant
volcano situated within the
territories of Laguna and
Batangas provinces,
Calabarzon region. Makiling
has an elevation of 3,580 feet
(1,090 meters) and belongs to
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the Laguna Volcanic Field.

 Mt. Apo
Mt. Apo (active) is the tallest
volcano in the Philippines. This
stratovolcano is tucked within
the 64,000-hectare Mount
Apo National Park, which is an
ASEAN Heritage SiteTrek. This
national park is located in
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Davao Province, Central

Mindanao.
 Mt. Matutum
Mt. Matutum is an active
stratovolcano with an
elevation of 7500-feet (2286
meters) above sea level.
Located in South Cotabato,
Southern Mindanao, Matutum
is about 5.7 kilometers from
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the town of Tupi.

 Mt. Mayon
Mayon Volcano is one of the
most famous volcanoes in the
Philippines. Also called Mount
Mayon, this volcano is
situated in Albay, a province
in the Bicol region, which lies
in the southeastern section of
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the country.
 ASSIGNMENT #1
You are tasked to share a volcanic eruption that
occurred in the last 100 years.

You are to share on the impact it brought to the

local fauna and flora.

Submit in Schoology.
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Deadline: Nov. 13, 2023

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 Earthquake magnitude measures the size and
energy of an earthquake at its source, typically
on a logarithmic scale (e.g., Richter or moment
magnitude scale).

Earthquake intensity measures the effects and

impact of an earthquake at specific locations,
typically on the Modified Mercalli Intensity
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(MMI) scale.
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