A Brief History of computer

1st Generation: This was from the period of 1940 to 1955. This was
when machine language was developed for the use of computers.
They used vacuum tubes for the circuitry. For the purpose of
memory, they used magnetic drums. These machines were
complicated, large, and expensive. They were mostly reliant on batch
operating systems and punch cards. As output and input devices,
magnetic tape and paper tape were implemented. For example,
ENIAC, UNIVAC-1, EDVAC, and so on.1

2nd Generation: The years 1957-1963 were referred to as the “second generation of computers”
at the time. In second-generation computers, COBOL and FORTRAN are employed as assembly
languages and programming languages. Here they advanced from vacuum tubes to transistors.
This made the computers smaller, faster and more energy-efficient. And they advanced from
binary to assembly languages. For instance, IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and so
forth.2

The integrated circuit. A single integrated circuit (IC) is made up

of many transistors, which increases the power of a computer while
simultaneously lowering its cost. These computers were quicker,
smaller, more reliable, and less expensive than their predecessors.
High-level programming languages such as FORTRON-II to IV,
COBOL, and PASCAL PL/1 were utilized. For example, the IBM-
360 series, the Honeywell-6000 series, and the IBM-370/168."3

1
Ancient history spans the era from the start of writing and the beginning of human history as we know it up until
late antiquity.
2
Ancient history spans the era from the start of writing and the beginning of human history as we know it up until
late antiquity.
3
The changes in economic and social organization that started in Great Britain around 1760 and eventually spread
to other nations are referred to as the Industrial Age.
The Sliderule - Napier created logarithms, Edmund Gunter created the scales (lines carved on wood or
metal), but William Oughtred created the sliderule in England. He created the first calculating
"machine"4 using logarithms and the idea of Napier's bones, which was used until the mid-1970s when
the first handheld calculators and microcomputers first arrived.

Colossus I - In England's Bletchley Park, the first truly successful

electronic computer was created. It was unable of being
reprogrammed and had only one function, which was code breaking
during World War II. 5

1954 – IBM 650 - At General Electric Appliance Park in Louisville, Kentucky, the first electronic computer
for business was established in 1954. The IBM 650 in Boston started operating this year as well. This
machine, which was fairly affordable, helped IBM take the lead in the computer market. There were sold
over 1000 650s. 6

The Microcomputer Explosion - Many firms came and died during

this time period, producing a variety of microcomputers they were
dubbed micro to distinguish them from mainframes, which some
people referred to as genuine computers. 7
4
One of the most basic analog computers is the slide rule, commonly referred to as a slipstick in the United States.
5
In order to aid in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, British codebreakers created the Colossus computer
system between the years of 1943 and 1945[1].
6
The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine is an early digital computer produced by IBM in the mid-
1950s.
7
The microcomputer revolution (or personal computer revolution or digital revolution) is a phrase used to describe
the rapid advances of microprocessor-based computers from esoteric hobby projects to a commonplace fixture of
homes in industrial societies during the 1970s and 1980s