20 Forumproceeding

20th AFA Annual Fertilizer Forum
& Exhibition
Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort
Papers
& Exhibition
Program
20th AFA Annual Fertilizer Forum & Exhibition
Feb., 25‐27‐2014
Sharm El‐Sheikh , Egypt
Savoy Hotel & Resort
Program
Tuesday: Feb 25th, 2014

10:00 – 13:00 Registration
13:00 I- Forum Inauguration

- Welcome addresses:
 Dr. Shafik Ashkar, AFA Board Advisor
 Eng. Saad ABU ALMAATY,Representative of Egyptian Fertilizer Industries
 Mr. Jamal SARAYRAH, AFA Chairman
II- Keynote Speakers:

 Ms. Esin Mete, IFA President
& CEO of Toros Agri-Industry Group- Turkey
III- Recognition & Appreciation
IV- AFA 2013 Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Award
V- Exhibition Opening
14:30 Networking Lunch
DAY 2: Wednesday: Feb 26th, 2014
10:00 – 12:00 - Session I

Chairperson: Mrs. Charlotte Hebebrand
Director General, IFA - France
1- Shale Gas Revolution & Its Impact in Fertilizer Industry

Mr. Alistair WALLACE, Leader Nitrogen Analysis Team, CRU,UK
2- The Impact of Changing Global Gas Resources on the Fertilizer Market

Mrs. Laura Cross, Lead Nitrogen Analyst, Integer Research, UK
3- Shale Gas Perspectives for the Next Years

Mr. Robert Jolly , President, Strategic Environmental Assessment on Shale Gas (SEA
Committee ), Canada
4- Global Ammonia/Urea Trends- Focus on the Middle East

Dr. Dimitrios Dimitriou, Senior Consultant, Nexant London, UK
12:00 Coffee Break Networking

12:30 – 14:30- Session II
Chairperson: Dr. Julian Hilton

Chairman, Aleff Group, UK.
1- Global Fertilizer Short-term Outlook with a focus on China

Michel Prud’homme, Director, Production and International Trade, IFA, France
2- Global Outlook for Nitrogen Fertilizer Markets (2014-18)

“ Too much of good thing?”
Mark Evans - Editor, Fertilizer International, BCInsight Ltd, UK
3- Regionalisation vs Globalisation – the Changing Nature of the International DAP/MAP Market

Mr. Mike Nash – Editor Phosphates, Argus / FMB, UK
4- Potash Outlook
Mr. Barrie Bain, Director of fertilizer Intelligence, Fertecon, UK
20:30 Gala Dinner
DAY 3: Thursday: Feb 27th , 2014
10:00 – 12:00 - Session III
Chairperson: Dr. Ghassan Hamdallah

Ex. Sr. FAO Regional Officer, Jordan
1- Social Licensing: a Key Approach to Future Sustainable Development of the Fertilizer Industry
Dr. Julian Hilton, Chairman, Aleff Group, UK
2- Precision Agriculture and the Fertilizer Industry – Supporting Global Food Security
Dr. Steve Phillips, Director , Southeast NA ,IPNI, USA
3- Water Resources and Demand in the Middle East & North Africa
Dr. Anwar Battikhi, Prof of Soil Physics at UJ and JUST Jordan
& Jordan Soc. for Sci. Res., President
4- Role of Mineral Fertilizers in Promoting Food Security in the Arab Countries

Dr. Ghassan Hamdallah, Ex. Sr. FAO Regional Officer, Jordan
12:30 Closing Remarks

& Exhibition
Opening
Session
& Exhibition
Engagement with Membres

and Associations
Esin METE
IFA President
& CEO of Toros Agri-Industry Group
Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 25-27 February 2014
Engagement with Members and Associations

Common challenges
 Fertilizers continue to play an essential role.
 This important role is not always recognized by
policymakers, stakeholders and the public at large.
Whereas our industry generally kept a low profile,
it has recently undergone more scrutiny.
 The agriculture sector as a whole faces
significant challenges, which the fertilizer
sector also has to contend with.
1
KEY ISSUES
 Engagement with
multilateral organizations
 Post-2015
 Nutrient stewardship
 Product stewardship
 Phosphogypsum
2
Promoting Stewardship Programmes
Nutrient Stewardship
 Right nutrient source, right rate, right time and in the right place
= 4R nutrient stewardship concept
 Improve nutrient use efficiency
 The ‘4R concept, science based nutrient

management decisions
 Balanced fertilization
 Site-specific fertilizer application, precision
agriculture, fertigation, microbial
inoculation
 Products with built-in enhanced efficiency:
slow- and controlled-release fertilizers
 Well-planned cropping system designs
Fertilizer Demand: Outlook for Key Agricultural Regions
3
Product Stewardship
12 SHE Principles
IFA developed 12 guiding principles
for SHE (Safety, Health and
Environmental) management.
 More efficient workplaces = increased productivity

 Risk mitigation = < few incidents < less remedial expenses
 Safe and secure workplace = improved business performance
AFA’s Strategic Importance
AFA is a strong partner, which under

the leadership of Dr. Ashkar, has
formed a strategic alliance with IFA.
4
AFA’s Strategic Importance
plays a key has shown has not shied away

leadership role in tremendous from promoting
the region and commitment in productivity
among Arab promoting the increase with the
producers which development of purpose of ensuring
reachers further into fertilizer industry, food security.
neighboring materials and
regions. usage.
AFA is a strong partner, which under

the leadership of Dr. Ashkar, has
formed a strategic alliance with IFA.
Phosphogypsum
 Gypsum is a mineral that occurs

in nature
 Phosphogypsum refers to the
gypsum formed as a by-product
of processing phosphate ore into
fertilizer with sulfuric acid
 It is radioactive due to the
presence of naturally occurring
uranium and radium in the
phosphate ore
5
You want contribute to food security and smallholder
access to fertilizers in Sub-Saharan Africa?
You are a fertilizer company?  JOIN the African
• You would like to contribute to building the
Fertilizer Volunteers
knowledge and skills of the African workforce by
sponsoring a new program
Program and HELP
• You have an employee engagement program that the African fertilizer
you would like to find more purpose for value chain to develop
 SHARING your
You are an individual fertilizer expert? expertise or
• You have expertise in project development and SUPPORTING the
financing; plant design; manufacturing; logistics;
program you can
distribution; safety, health and environment in
production; quality assurance; business planning; make a huge
marketing; project management, etc… difference
INFORMATION Sheila Keino skeino@afap-partnership.org
6
Next Steps for the Industry in 2014 - 2016
1. Promote fertilizers’ vital benefits to the world

2. Proactively grapple with the environmental
challenges facing the fertilizer sector
3. Promote safety and efficiency within the
industry
4. Step up regional focus while facilitating inter-
regional awareness and cooperation
Thank you!
7
& Exhibition
Session I
& Exhibition
Shale Gas Revolution &

Its Impact in Fertilizer Industry
Shale Gas Revolution & Its Impact on the Fertilizer Industry
Mr. Alistair WALLACE,
Leader Nitrogen Analysis Team, CRU,UK
Abstract:
This presentation will take a look at the set of conditions that allowed for the initial US
shale gas revolution, as well as the potential for shale gas extraction outside of North
America and the impacts shale has had on the global fertilizer industry to date. We will
analyses those who have benefitted (and the degree to which they have benefitted!)
from shale in the US economy since gas production from shale plays began structurally
lowering Henry Hub prices in 2005, before considering the role US liquefied natural
gas exports could play in the global economy. The presentation will finish with some
thoughts about the future, and the role shale gas extraction could play in an increasingly
Globalized gas market.
& Exhibition
The Impact of Changing

Global Gas Resources on
the Fertilizer Market
The Impact of Changing Global Gas Resources on the Fertilizer Market
Mrs. Laura Cross,
Lead Nitrogen Analyst,
Integer Research, UK
Abstract:
Recent changes in global gas markets have overhauled fertilizer production economics
in certain regions of the world. This in turn has reshaped the distribution of producer
profitability and the direction of investment in the industry.
For nitrogen fertilizer producers, feedstock costs typically account for 80-90% of
production costs, and profitability has been largely defined by the developments in
these markets. As a result, the industry supply curve has changed dramatically in recent
years.
Nitrogen producers are not the only group eagerly watching developments in energy
markets; phosphates producers are also sensitive to changing energy input costs.
In regions with historically favourable energy pricing, the development of new energy
markets and consequent falling prices elsewhere poses important questions to fertilizer
producers that are built on having some of the lowest unit costs in the business.
This paper will examine the impact that changing feedstock markets have had on global
fertilizer production costs and margins, the emergence of global capacity investment
hotspots, and the outlook for fertilizer production economics in the face of constantly
evolving energy markets.
& Exhibition
Shale Gas Perspectives for

the Next Years
SHALE GAS PERSPECTIVES
FOR THE NEXT YEARS
Robert Joly
Président, Comité de l’évaluation environnementale stratégique sur le gaz de schiste
CONTEXT
Strategic environmental assessment on
shale gas in Quebec, Canada, 2011-2013
Due mainly to lack of social acceptance
Goals:
Acquire new knowledge
Dissipate uncertainties
Help decision making by government
1
CONTEXT
Supported by some 73 environmental, social

and economical studies
Final report and all studies available on

comittee’s Web site at :
http://ees-gazdeschiste.gouv.qc.ca
INTRODUCTION
International energy agency (IEA) forecast
on energy demand :
Increase for global energy demand
Natural gas contribution
Shale gas contribution
2
FORECAST OF WORLD SHALE GAZ PRODUCTION
3
ON GOING DEVELOPMENTS
Canada, Australia, China, India, Indonesia,

Argentina, Mexico, Algeria and some European
countries
Asia and United States beeing more active areas
The USA could become a net exporting country.

Exportation of LNG could modify gas prices on the
global market
IEA WARNING
The unconventional gas revolution that has

taken hold in North America in recent
years could be sustained at home and
expanded to other parts of the world only if
stakeholders address the social and
environmental impacts.
4
IEA GOLDEN RULES
To that end, it presented seven “golden rules”

– best practices for extracting and producing
unconventional gas – that it said would aid
industry, governments and other
stakeholders to earn and maintain a social
license to operate.
IEA PROPOSAL
The “golden rules” underline that full

transparency, measuring and monitoring of
environmental impacts and engagement with
local communities are critical to addressing
public concerns
5
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF A SHALE GAS PROJET
WHAT IS IN SHALE GAS
Mainly methane: natural gaz
Other hydrocarbons : ethane, butane,

propane, oil Wet gas
Other gases : H2S, CO2
6
WHAT IS IN SHALE GAS
Economic advantage with a mix of

hydrocarbons
Environmental risks if presence of CO2 and

H2S : cost for gas treatment
SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES OF A SHALE GAS PROJET
An unconventional ressource
Horizontal drilling in shale
Hydraulic fracking
7
HORIZONTAL DRILLING
Multiwell pad :
Smaller footprint for same production
Evolution toward more wells per pad,

8 and more
Cost reduction
HORIZONTAL DRILLING
8
HYDRAULIC FRACKING
Large amount of water needed
Use of chemicals, some toxic
Critical Issues
Risks for groundwater polution due to migration
trough well bore or
Risks for surface water polution due to spills
HYDRAULIC FRACKING
Alternate solutions for water : pure nitrogen

gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquid carbon
dioxide, and others
On site treatment of used water and reuse
9
THE HAZARDS AND ISSUES
 Figure
INDIVIDUAL WELL GAZ PRODUCTION
10
GOVERNANCE
Need for adapted and specific regulations

addressing all issues
Need for private governance rules
Transparency and public information
WHAT’S IN SHALE GAS FOR THE FUTURE
An energy ressource close to the consumption

site
An alternative to other hydrocarbons
Local anr regional economic benefits
11
WHAT’S IN SHALE GAS FOR THE FUTURE
Issues to address:
Carbon emissions and green house gases

Well integrity
Rent : capture and distribution
Internalization of externalities
Social licensing
12
Shale gas perspectives for the next years
Natural gas extracted from shale deposits and often referred to as an

unconventional resource, continues to increase its share of the hydrocarbon
offer, more specifically in North America, and is being more and more looked
after by many countries around the world. In Quebec, Canada, for instance,
exploration for shale gas started in 2006 in a geographical area where the
geological potential was expected to be more significant but also were a large
part of the territory is agricultural land and is inhabited by a large part of the
province's population. But by 2010, public opposition to gas industry's activities
was so widespread such that the government commanded a strategic
environmental assessment to an expert committee in order to acquire more
knowledge on the environmental, social and economical issues related to shale
gas exploration, extraction and production.
My presentation is based on the findings of this SEA. The expert committee

review and analysis relied on the results of more than 73 scientific studies that
were commanded for the specific purpose of the SEA and all of which are
accessible on the committee's web site at : http://ees-gazdeschiste.gouv.qc.ca.
THE GLOBAL PICTURE
According to the International energy agency (IEA), the world demand for total
primary energy will continue to grow over the next 25 years. Even if renewable
resources will show a more rapid pace of increase of the share, hydrocarbons
will still occupy the larger part of the energy offer. This would result in an
increase of greenhouse gas emissions, also increasing the challenge to address
the climate change issue.
As seen on the slide, shale gas production is also expected to grow and to
occupy a larger proportion of the natural gas offer. The slide also reveals that
many countries in all parts of the world are or will be involved, at middle term, in
shale gas production. It is consequently expected that natural gas will gradually
shift from a regional to a more global market, with potential implications for
pricing.
Looking at these forecasts and the possible future energy picture that would
result, the IEA committed this statement :
"The unconventional gas revolution that has taken hold in North America
in recent years could be sustained at home and expanded to other parts of
the world only if stakeholders address the social and environmental
impacts."
To that end, IEA presented seven “golden rules”, a set of best practices for
extracting and producing unconventional gas, that it said would aid industry,
governments and other stakeholders to earn and maintain a social license to
operate.
Thus, a successful shale gas production will only take place if planned in
consideration of economic, social and environmental aspects considered all
together. This conclusion from the International energy agency point of view is
shared by the expert committee that was set in place in Quebec .
SPECEFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHALE GAS PROJECT
So in view of those conclusions from IEA and Quebec's SEA, what is so

particular with shale gas that calls for such special attention on environmental
and social issues.
Gas composition
Shale gas is basically composed of methane, the most common component of

natural gas. But, this is not the end of the story. Other hydrocarbons may also be
present, depending on the shale formation, and result in the production of
butane, ethane, propane or even oil. The products of such wells are referred to
as wet gas. On the economical side, such a situation is interesting since prices of
those other hydrocarbons are generally higher than the methane price and brings
an added value to the product extracted from a shale gas well.
But other gasses may also be produced in certain deposits. For instance, in the
USA and Canada, carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (H2S)are sometime
encountered. CO2 , a green house gas, is a climate change issue and has to be
controlled properly. H2S represent a much more serious problem since it is a
very toxic gas and pose an important health threat to workers on site and to the
public in general as well.
Addressing these issues with appropriate means is crucial and result in an

increase in production cost.
Horizontal drilling
An important characteristic that differentiate conventional gas production from

shale gas production is the technique of horizontal drilling in the shale deposit.
While more costly and technically more complex than conventional production, it
also bears some advantages that partially offset those problems.
Indeed, unlike conventional drilling, many wells can be bored on the same site or
pad. This results in a smaller footprint for a similar production and a reduction in
construction cost like road construction, gas conditioning stations or pipelines . At
present time, a usual number of wells on a pad is around 6 and the tendency to
move toward 8 wells per pad or more in certain situation.
Hydraulic fracking
The one characteristic that is more frequently associated to shale gas is

hydraulic fracking. Hydraulic fracking has been used by the oil and gas industry
since some 60 years but only recently has this technique been applied
successfully to extract gas and oil from shale deposits in an economical and
technical manner.
Water is generally the main fluid used to frack the rock in the deposit. The
amount of water necessary for fracking a well will vary depending on the length
of the horizontal leg and the geological formation but each individual well, in the
Quebec context for instance, needs some 22 000 cubic meters of water, that's 22
millions liters, which in quite a large amount even where availability of water is
not an issue. Furthermore, a large proportion of this water, up to 60 %, stays in
the well.
The water is used to exercise a pressure on the rock, create fracks and help free
the gas imbedded in the formation. But chemicals are also added to the water to
facilitate drilling and fracking operations in many different aspects. Many of those
chemical products have toxicological characteristics. All in all, they may
represent only 1 % of the fluid composition but their toxicity calls for the adoption
of the best possible practices in order to avoid any public exposure to a possible
contamination.
This particular environmental and health issue is probably the most important to
care for in a shale exploration and exploitation project.
Surface spills of different fluids(like oil, waste water, chemicals, etc) are common
on a well site during construction and exploration works but generally implies
small quantity of liquids and are quite easy to control. As a general rule, a well
site is covered by a membrane that prevent spilled liquids to contaminate the
ground or the groundwater.
But water and gas can leak either trough the well bore and the well casings or
through faults in bedrock, along connections with the vertical or horizontal
segment of the well.
Methane is not a toxic gas nor does it pose any threat to human health. But, if it
moves along a fault to a confined area (in a house or a water well, for instance) it
can represent an explosion risk. And when it leaks at the surface, measures have
to be adopted to stop or at least control these leakages because they contribute
to GHG emissions and represent a waste of a valuable resource.
Migration of fracking water through faults tough is suspected to cause ground

water contamination. Even if this possibility is small, the consequences of such a
situation could be important. Thus a good knowledge of the geological context is
needed before starting exploration activities.
Also, groundwater measurements through installation of piezometers prior to

drilling is a must in order to have baseline information on actual contamination
and to have a mean to follow any potential migration of contaminants.
Well integrity
This discussion on gas and liquid migration brings to one of the most important
aspect to care after with a shale gas project: the integrity of the well at short term
but on the very long term as well.
Well integrity depends on good construction rules, particularly the use of an

appropriate steel grade for the casings and good practices for cementing the
interstices between the different casings (surface, intermediate, production) and
create a tight barrier with the adjacent ground.
Bad cementation results in pathways that gas and fluids will follow to leak either
at the surface or in the underground. Remediation works can be applied when
such a situation occurs and more cement can be injected where the problem is
being detected. As long as the well is in the production stage, corrections are
easy to apply.
On the long run tough, problems can occur long after the shutdown of a well if its
construction was not executed according to the best specifications. Appropriate
follow up must be exercised on a periodic basis and legal responsibility for
applying premeditation solutions or assume liability for possible damages must
be clarified.
Individual well gas production
The rate of gas production in a shale gas well is quite different from a
conventional well. Production is at its highest right after production tests are
completed and production is started. It then decline very rapidly in the early
months of production to stabilise over a period of 20-25 years.
Precise assessment of the decline rate of a well is crucial in the decision to go

ahead with the production since it has a great influence in the expected
economic benefits.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GOVERNANCE
At the end of the day, what will make a difference in shale gas production
between a successful story or a lack of social acceptance is the way business is
being conducted. That is adopting the highest standards for government
regulations addressing all the critical issues in the field of water management, air
emissions, technological risks, health and information disclosure.
Land management and local government involvement is a basic condition to

select a proper area to sit a shale gas development project.
At the same time, industry must put into place its own governance rules and
make them public. Emphasis must be put on disclosure of chemicals used for
hydraulic fracking.
CONCLUSION
Managing a shale gas development project means trying to maintain a balance

between the economic benefits from its exploitation and the social and
environmental impacts that could affect the population.
A good planning process at the regional stage and internalisation of social costs,
the externalities, that would be reflected in the rent captured by the government
and redistributed among the local and regional authorities are part of the
solutions.
& Exhibition
Global Ammonia/Urea Trends

- Focus on the Middle East
NexantThinking
Global Ammonia/Urea Trends

- Focus on the Middle East
Dr Dimitrios Dimitriou
Strategic Business Analysis Program Manager
Nexant Limited, London
ddimitriou@nexant.com
February 2014
Agenda
Feedstock Situation
Ammonia & Urea Market Dynamics
Ammonia & Urea Profitability and Pricing
Competitiveness
Conclusions
N: BD/Chem/Gen/D Dimitrios/Global Ammonia Urea Trends February 2014 1

Feedstock Situation
Despite sitting on 43 percent of the global proven gas reserves, the

distribution of reserves in the ME is highly uneven
Global Proven Gas Reserves Distribution of ME Proven Gas Reserves

(2012 Total: 187 trillion cubic metres) (2012 Total: 80 trillion cubic metres)
Asia
N America S&C Kuwait Oman
Pacific Iraq
6% America 2% 1% Other
Africa 8% 5% 1%
8% 4% UAE
8%
Iran
Saudi
42%
Arabia
Europe & 10%
Eurasia
Middle Qatar
31%
East 31%
43%
(Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2013)
Ammonia/Urea capacity additions mainly expected for Iran, Qatar and long term Iraq
Ammonia and urea production has migrated to “stranded-gas”
regions in recent years due to favourable gas prices
Natural gas values in “stranded-gas” regions of the world have been fixed at constant (or
nearly constant) low values either by Government Decree or by negotiation with the gas
suppliers.
These values reflect the limited alternative value and, in the case of associated gas, often
just represent the recovery cost as an alternative against flaring.
This strategy attracted ammonia and integrated urea producers to invest in such locations,
leading to the development of major production hubs in Middle East, Black Sea, Trinidad and
Indonesia.
Projects in these regions are competitive despite significant freight and tariff costs of
delivering to the major markets.
As inexpensive natural gas becomes more available in developing, export orientated
regions, the percentage of natural gas based plants will rise even higher.
However: Price pressure exists even in “stranded-gas” areas as a result of

e.g. high demand, allocation of gas reserves and LNG net-back pricing!
Saudi Arabia is currently investigating a possible increase

of its domestic natural gas price
Shale gas development in the U.S. has lowered domestic natural gas
prices and triggered interest in developing ammonia/urea projects
Map source: United States basins from U.S. EIA and US Geological Survey;
Other basins from ARI based on data from various published studies.
Shale gas potential in the Middle East is not yet fully understood
due to lack of exploration efforts to date
The U.S. natural gas price is currently significantly below European
prices reflecting the large capacity of shale gas in the market
Global Gas Prices U.S. gas prices have decoupled from

petroleum derived fuels.
16
Mainly existing LNG import facilities, are
currently seeking export permits from the
Current $ per MMBtu
12 Department of Energy.
Gas prices vary in the Middle East but are
8 generally low compare to other regions.
There is upward pressure on gas prices in
4 the Middle East albeit the price in Saudi
Arabia still remaining fixed at $0.75/MMBtu.
0
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
U.S. WE Saudi Arabia
(Source: NexantThinkingTM Strategic Business Analysis)
Upward pressure on U.S. gas prices exists due to interest in exporting

surplus production as LNG and depleting domestic conventional reserves
Due to the global abundance of coal reserves there is increased

interest in developing coal based fertilizer projects especially in
Asia Pacific
Global Coal Reserves Syngas based ammonia and urea production

derived from coal gasification is
predominantly found in China where
Asia N America substantial coal reserves are located.
Pacific 29% Despite typically the higher cash cost of
31% production and capex than gas based
ammonia production there is increased
interest in coal-to-ammonia projects even
outside China.
S&C
Africa America While the Middle East, Africa and South
4% 1% America have large gas reserves, coal
reserves are limited in these regions.
Europe &
Eurasia
35%
(Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2013)
The Middle East has limited coal reserves

Ammonia & Urea
Market Dynamics
Populations of Asia Pacific and Africa are forecast to grow at while

West Europe and North America’s population will remain almost
constant to 2050
Global Population Growth

10000
8000
Million people
6000
4000
2000
0
1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024 2029 2034 2039 2044 2049
North America South America Western Europe
Central & Eastern Europe Middle East Africa
Asia (excl. China, India) China India
(Source: United Nations)
Population growth or number of mouths to feed is the most important driver
for increased fertilizer consumption followed by GDP and politics
Fertilizer demand growth has been concentrated in Asia-Pacific
region due to large population and GDP growth rates
Global Ammonia Consumption by Region Global Urea Consumption by Region
180 180
150 150
120 120
Million tons
Million tons
90 90
60 60
30 30
0 0
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
N America S America W Europe N America S America W Europe
C Europe E Europe Middle East C Europe E Europe Middle East
Africa Asia Pacific Africa Asia Pacific
(Source: NexantThinkingTM Strategic Business Analysis) (Source: NexantThinkingTM Strategic Business Analysis)
Ammonia consumption in fertilizer export regions such as the Middle East

is higher than for urea
Among fertilizers, urea is expected to continue to increase its share

of total ammonia consumption
Global Ammonia Consumption by Application In 2012, ca. 55 percent of ammonia was

(2012 total 169 million tons) used to make urea (the most applied and
Other N traded fertilizer in the world), and most of
fertilizers this urea is consumed as direct application
Ammonium 13% fertilizer.
Phosphate Urea 90 percent of ammonia is consumed either
fertilizers 55% in the production of other fertilizers or as a
7%
direct application fertilizer.
Ammonium
Nitrate The remaining 10 percent is for industrial
fertilizers applications; the proportion of urea
12% consumed in industrial applications has
Direct been fairly constant over the past decade,
application but is expected to increase in the long term.
fertilizer
3% Industrial
10%
(Source: IFA and Nexant’ NexantThinkingTM Ammonia & Urea Strategic Business Analysis)
Urea is expected to continue increasing its share of total ammonia consumption

The vast majority of urea is consumed as direct application fertilizer
Global Urea Consumption by Application Fertilizer applications dominate.

(2012 total 161 million tons) Dominant use as a direct food crops
Biofuels
fertilizer.
fertilizers DEF/Adblue Biofuels-driven segment growing rapidly
Other N 4% 0.4% Industrial
fertilizers 9% from a small base.
4%
Industrial applications:
UF/MF resins and melamine driven by
wood products and laminates
Above GDP growth
Global urea demand above ammonia.
Direct
application
fertilizer
83%
(Source: IFA and NexantThinkingTM Ammonia & Urea Strategic Business Analysis)
New fuel and chemical urea uses have higher growth potential
In recent years ammonia capacity has migrated to regions with

favourable feedstock prices
Global Ammonia Capacity Development In 2013, the global installed ammonia

capacity was 230 million tons per year.
80
The Middle East has seen large capacity
60 additions in recent years albeit most
production is destined for exports in the form
Million tons
of urea.
40
Some capacity in West Europe is likely to be
20 closed in the long term due to sustained high
gas prices.
0 Facilities in China mostly use coal as a
2003 2008 2013 feedstock and the cost advantages are far
lower than regions with low cost natural gas
N America S America
W Europe C&E Europe resources. These coal based capacities will
Middle East Africa experience temporary shutdowns during a
Asia Pacific (Gas) Asia Pacific (Coal) low market.
The Middle East has the third largest ammonia capacity globally
trailing Asia Pacific and Central & East Europe
The two main hubs in the urea trade market are the Middle East
and Black Sea
0.8
1.4
22
1.3
0.8
3.0 0.9
4.0 44
33 5.0
0.5
1 1.1 2.0 0.8
2.1
1.7
0.8
The numbers represent the following areas:

1. Trinidad & Venezuela
2. Black Sea & Baltic Sea
3. Middle East
4. China
(Source: NexantThinkingTM Ammonia & Urea Strategic Business Analysis)
The Middle East ships the majority of its urea exports to Asia Pacific,
North America and Africa while the Black Sea focuses on the other regions
Due to its large reserves Qatar and Iran are expected to increase
its net-exporting position in the future
Middle East Urea Net-Trade Saudi Arabia and Kuwait current face gas
allocation issues and hence further
5
investments into nitrogenous fertilizer
4 production is unlikely in the short-term.
3 Turkey is projected to remain a net-importer
Million tons
of urea.
2
The Middle East at large can expect
1 increasing competition from other emerging
0 export orientated regions, namely Africa,
South East Asia and China (due to notorious
-1
over-capacity and lower anticipated export
-2 taxes).
Decreasing net-imports in North America
2000 2002 2004 2006 pose another challenge for the Middle East.
2008 2010 2012
Despite currently low trade activities, capacity additions can be expected in Iraq
in the long run. Iran has huge potential if sanctions are lifted in the future
Ammonia & Urea
Profitability and Pricing
Prices in major exporting regions are generally lower than prices in

importing regions, reflecting the cost of freight
Global Historic Ammonia Prices Global Historic Urea Prices

1000 1000
800 800
Current dollars per ton
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
USGC, fob NWE, c&f USGC, fob NWE, c&f
Far East, c&f Black Sea, fob Asia Pacific, c&f Black Sea, fob
Arab Gulf, fob Arab Gulf, fob
(Source: NexantThinkingTM Strategic Business Analysis) (Source: NexantThinkingTM Strategic Business Analysis)
Ammonia and Urea prices have declined sharply in the second half of 2013!
Due to considerably higher U.S. netback prices compared to the
Middle East, U.S. producers are enjoying similar margins to Middle
Eastern producers
Global Ammonia Cash Cost Margins Global Urea Cash Cost Margins
800 800
600 600

400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
USGC Leader Western Europe Leader USGC Leader West European Leader
Middle East Leader Middle East Leader
(Source: Nexant Strategic Business Analysis) (Source: Nexant Strategic Business Analysis)
West European producers continue to struggle amidst high natural gas prices
in the region and will remain price influencer (with NE Asia)
Competitiveness

Increasing U.S. competitiveness against ME and other producers
Ammonia Delivered Cost to USGC
400
300
Dollars per ton
200
100
0
Arabian Gulf Leader U.S. Leader Arabian Gulf Leader U.S. Leader
2008 2008 2013 2013
Variable Costs Fixed Costs Freight
(Source: Nexant Strategic Business Analysis)
U.S. competitiveness
Conclusions

Concluding Statements (1)
“Stranded” gas regions are expected to continue attracting investments in ammonia/urea

production due to low natural gas prices.
Shale Gas:
– Advantage of U.S. ammonia/urea producers due to low domestic gas prices is expected to
continue over the medium term
– In the long term gas prices are expected to increase due to LNG export capacity coming
onstream and depleting conventional gas deposits
– Shale gas development in other regions is not expected to give an advantage to
ammonia/urea producers any time soon due to e.g. time lag in knowledge transfer from the
US, environmental concerns regarding the controversial fracking method, lack of space
due to high population densities, lack of shale exploration, etc.
Coal-to-ammonia technology is currently attracting much interest (despite its less favourable
production economics compared to ammonia production from natural gas), especially in
highly populated areas with limited natural gas reserves.
Lower gas prices in the U.S. attract capacity additions

and will lower U.S. imports of ammonia/urea in the long term.
The Middle East and East & Central Europe are expected to continue being the major global
export hubs due to generally favourable feedstock prices in these regions although gas
prices are expected to increase in both regions, respectively.
The Middle East as a whole will face stiffer competition in the future from other export
oriented projects mainly in Africa, South East Asia and China.
Europe will retain its global “laggard” status thus European production costs will continue
influencing global ammonia/urea pricing.
Proven natural gas reserves are not equally distributed in the Middle East and some
countries are already importing LNG.
Future investments into ammonia/urea production in the Middle East are likely to be in Qatar,
Iran and to the long run possibly Iraq, while capacity in other countries in the region is
expected to be flat.
ME faces challenges from emerging competition from Africa and Asia

C&E Europe:
West Europe: Higher gas prices
High gas prices & but continuous China: Increase in
increase in urea net-trade position urea exports as
imports capacity growth
NA: Lower gas
prices & decrease in outpaces demand
urea imports
ME: Capacity growth & increase
in urea exports. Increased
competition from Africa, Asia and Asia Pacific: Increase
US. in urea imports due to
fast demand growth
4 and unfavourable
SA: High demand & feedstock supply
capacity growth Africa: High capacity
growth & increase in
urea exports
Nexant’s premium multi-client program provides detailed insight

into this industry
Strategic Trends and Challenges

Nexan
– North America Shale Gas Developments
tThin
king TM
and impact to the fertilizer industry
Strate
gic Bu
sines
s Ana
lysis – Shale gas prospects outside North
Amm
onia a
nd Ureas America
– India’s natural gas pricing policies and
fertilizer subsidies
– Ammonia and urea price linkage
Dr Dimitrios Dimitriou
– Latest co-production technologies Nexant, Ltd.
Business Fundamentals 1 Kings Arms Yard
– Market Dynamics (2000-2030) London, EC2R 7AF
ddimitriou@nexant.com
– Profitability and Pricing (2000-2030)
– Technology options Phone: +44 20 7950 1530
– Delivered cost competitiveness Cell:+44 77 2008 4875
www.nexant.co

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1 King’s Arms Yard,

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& Exhibition
Session II
& Exhibition
Global Fertilizer Short-term

Outlook with a focus on China
Global Fertilizer Short-term Outlook with a focus on China
Mr. Michel Prud’homme,
Director, Production and International Trade Service, IFA, France
Abstract:
World fertilizer demand has stagnated at 176 Mt nutrients in 2012/13. The campaign
was strongly hit by a 7.4% contraction of regional demand in South Asia due to the
impact of a late southwest monsoon, depreciation of regional currencies, and revision
of the fertilizer subsidy rates in India. With favourable weather conditions in all the
major fertilizer markets, and a progressive rebalancing of fertilization practices in India,
world fertilizer demand is forecast at 179.5 Mt nutrients in 2013/14nd at 184.3 Mt in
2014/15.
Declining crop prices and improvements in fertilizer use efficiency are seen as
mitigating the potential for a larger increase. The markets are likely to remain sensitive
to the high volatility of agricultural commodity markets and uncertainties about the
evolution of fertilizer subsidy schemes in some of the main fertilizer-consuming
countries.
World nutrient demand was adequately supplied in 2013, with supply covered from
production tonnage and important stock carry-overs in a few large consuming
countries. Total nutrient sales in 2013 grew 2% to 232 Mt nutrients. Fertilizer sales,
accounting for 78% of total sales, were estimated at 178.5 Mt nutrients, growing
marginally by 0.5% over 2013. World nutrient sales were wholly maintained by growing
domestic deliveries, as exports dropped by an overall 3% over 2012. Fertilizer supply
continued to be impacted by a shortfall in the supply of natural gas and by trade
measures. Global nutrient capacity continues to expand, growing 5% in 2013 and 3%
in 2014, to reach 309 Mt nutrients by year-end 2014. Global nutrient sales may expand
by 2-3%, to 237 Mt nutrients, while trade would increase for nearly all products.
China dominates world’s fertilizer consumption with total fertilizer nutrient demand
estimated at 51.5 Mt and 52.3 Mt nutrients in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The main
recent features of China fertilizer consumption have been a gradual improvement of
fertilizer use efficiency and a slow-down in the growth of its overall nitrogen and
phosphorus nutrient consumption. While China accounts for 30% of global fertilizer
use, this country is also the world’s largest fertilizer producer, with a 52% share of
global ammonia production and a 40% share in global phosphate rock production.
Over the past decade, China’s position has shifted from a strong reliance on nitrogen
and phosphate imports, to becoming the world’s largest urea and DAP exporting
country, with a global share in 2013 of 18% and 26%, respectively. China’s fertilizer
capacity continues to expand, notably in the urea and DAP segments. However, faced
with increasing capacity and rising internal costs, the Chinese industry is challenged by
a structural oversupply and fluctuations of its export tax policy. Structural changes,
feedstock supply issues and a reduction of preferential internal subsidies will confront
the Chinese fertilizer sector in the near future.
& Exhibition
Global Outlook for Nitrogen Fertilizer

Markets (2014-18)
“Too much of good thing?”
GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR NITROGEN FERTILIZER MARKETS (2014-18)
“Too much of a good thing?”
By Mark Evans, Editor, Fertilizer International, BCInsight Ltd., London, UK
================================================================
Outline of presentation:
 Global supply/demand forecasts – an increasing surplus is indicated

 Softer market prices – trends and short-term indications
 Major projects under way and mooted
 Shifts in competitiveness by regions – Middle East/North Africa, United States,
Latin America, FSU, Asia-Pacific
 Ukraine – back from the brink?
 Is Africa poised for take-off?
 Gas and feedstock issues – various pricing systems apply
 Alternative gas sources (shale gas, LNG)
 A look at EGAN and non-fertilizer N
 A snapshot for 2018.
Many fertilizer projects, across the nutrient spectrum
 IFA estimates around 220 fertilizer projects planned between 2013-2017

 Total capital cost = +$150 billion
 These projects will add around 19% to global N capacity
 Close to 75 new ammonia plants under construction
 China will account for almost one-third of new ammonia plants
 Around 62% of new NH3 projects will be associated with urea production
 55 new urea plants projected, including 20 in China
 Urea capacity will rise from 182 m t/a in 2013 to 207 m t/a by 2017
 But will demand keep pace?
 IFA’s forecast urea demand growth: from 172 m t/a to 195 m t/a by 2017
 4.5% average annual growth in urea capacity – around 3.5% average annual
growth in demand
 A capacity overhang is predicated.
How big is the potential overhang?
 Potential ammonia surplus of 6-7% of projected supply, rising further post-2015

 Equivalent to 13 million tonnes in 2016, over 15 million tonnes in 2017
 Potential 2017 urea surplus of 3% of projected supply, equivalent to 7 million
tonnes
 Increasing awareness of product surplus in fertilizer markets – and in capital
markets too.
Markets are sensitive to over-supply fears
(Insert price graph for Jan 2013-Feb 2014)
Factors which contributed to price softness:
 Sluggish Indian imports

 Surge of Chinese product during export tax window
 First output from world-scale Sorfert complex, Algeria – competitive pressures
stepped up
 Will the bears rule the roost?
Short- and longer-term price cycles
(Insert price graph for 2001-date)
 Commodities overall move in parallel price cycles

 Fertilizer prices likewise move broadly in step, across the nutrient spectrum
 Steadily rising trend from 2002, continuing after the 2007/08 until 2012
 Will downward trend continue beyond 2013/14?
What is driving the global nitrogen capacity expansion projects?
 Valorising gas production – Algeria, Nigeria, USA

 Exploiting other feedstocks (e.g. coal) - Australia
 Expansion of export-oriented capacity – Arab Gulf, Iran
 Import substitution – Brazil, Vietnam, India (incl. joint ventures)
 Investments in larger and more efficient plants – Russia, Ukraine
 Non-fertilizer projects (Australia, China).
Major ammonia projects under way or mooted around the globe
 East Asia (China, Indonesia, Malaysia): +9.5 m tonnes (25% of forecast

capacity growth)
 South Asia (India, Bangladesh): +7.3 m tonnes (19% of forecast capacity
growth)
 North America (USA, Canada): +5.4 m tonnes (14% of forecast capacity
growth)
 Eastern Europe/Central Asia (Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan): +4.2 m
tonnes (11% of forecast capacity growth)
 Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria, Gabon): +5.6 m tonnes (15% of forecast
capacity growth)
 Latin America (Brazil, Venezuela, Peru): +3.5 m tonnes (9% of forecast
capacity growth)
 West Asia (Iran, Arab Gulf): +2.4 million tonnes (6% of forecast capacity
growth).
But: Probabilities of these projects being completed within forecast date vary.
Major urea projects under way or mooted around the globe
 Eastern Europe/Central Asia (Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan): +3.5 m

tonnes
 Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria, Gabon): +8.6 m tonnes
 Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Peru): +4.1 m tonnes
 West Asia (Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia): +2.24m tonnes
 South East Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam): +5.54 m tonnes
 China: +20 m tonnes
 India: +11.12 m tonnes (supplemented by JVs with overseas partners)
 North America: +4.6 m tonnes
 Australia: +2.55 m tonnes.
But: Much uncertainty surrounds many of these projects, especially regarding

financing the CAPEX.
How will the tectonic plates of international competitiveness shift?
New exporters:
Algeria
Enhanced exporting ability:
Arab Gulf, Egypt, China
Improved self-sufficiency:
USA, Vietnam, Brazil
Most favourable production costs:

Arab Gulf/Iran, Egypt
Facing competitive challenges:

Russia, Ukraine
Wild cards:
China – export tax window impacts, driven by cheap coal
USA – poised to return to self-sufficiency, but how much of mooted new capacity will
be built?
Ukraine – back from the brink?
 Export-oriented nitrogen industry developed in the Soviet Union era

 Leading producers: Odessa Port Plant (OPZ), DnieprAzot, Rovnazot,
Chekassy, Severodonetsk Azot
 After break-up of Soviet Union, industry reliant on Russian gas
 Disputes over supply arrangements, high contract price, mounting production
costs
 Weak markets in 2013, mounting financial losses for all producers, production
cut (urea down by 8.8% to 2.2 million tonnes in 2013)
 Urea exports earn revenues of around $1.3 billion – but did Ukrainian nitrogen
industry have a long-term future?
 Late 2013: Ukraine is set to forge closer trading links with European Union –
Russia intervenes with a counter-offer
 Deal offers a new gas price of $268.50/mcm ($8.4-8.5/mmBtu) plus other
support
 New gas price gives an estimated supply cost of $375-390/t f.o.b. Yuzhny for
ammonia and $275-280/t f.o.b. for urea (Source = FERTECON)
 Fresh hopes for Ukrainian industry – but other facets of agreement with Russia
have caused civil unrest
 Will Russia’s influence prevail over EU/USA?
Africa: take-off at last?

(Insert map, ex-N+S 325, p26)
 Egypt has established a globally competitive world-scale nitrogen industry, with

further expansions in the pipeline
 Sorfert, Algeria has commenced operations and is expected to enjoy a high
world-market profile
 Nigeria – successful revival of former NAFCON complex under ownership of
Notore
 Further Nigerian projects mooted, with contracts in place (Indorama, Dangote,
Nagarjuna JV)
 Improved governance and recognition of need to promote enhanced food
security via increased fertilizer usage (Abuja Declaration)
 Sub-Saharan gas exploration – offshore West Africa, offshore East Africa,
onshore Central Africa
 LNG impact?
 Other new projects – Gabon, Angola, Ghana (JV with RCF, India)
Sub-Saharan Africa unlikely to make major impact until beyond 2018, but next
five years are crucial to maintaining the new momentum.
Availability of capital may prove a limiting factor.
Civil strife?
Gas and feedstocks – the crucial issue
 How secure is access to gas? Reliability of feedstock supply is an increasing

issue worldwide
 Recent cases of sporadic and/or deficient supplies to the fertilizer industry,
affecting ammonia/urea production (Egypt, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Trinidad,
China)
 Increased competition for gas allocation versus the power sector (Egypt, India)
 North American shale gas bonanza – c.25 new plants proposed, with 10 m t/a
new capacity
 Shale gas opportunities elsewhere? Most abundant potential resources: China,
Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Poland
 US conditions may be unique, where there is gas-vs-gas competition
 Any shale gas impact beyond N. America will most likely be in the long term
 Different gas market conditions around the world – MENA (no regulation, gas
otherwise flared off); FSU (prices regulated below cost), EU (regulated markets,
prices linked to oil)
 India and Australia promoting coal/coal-based ammonia technology. China still
very reliant on coal-based production
 Will LNG advances lead to more global homogeneity?
EGAN/Non-fertilizer market snapshot
 Demand of +30 m t/a driven mainly by mining activity

 Global GDP activity drives mining demand
 Principal product = ANFO (fuel oil is added to AN)
 Coal: key markets = USA, Australia, China, Russia, India, Indonesia, S. Africa
 Copper: key markets = Chile, China, Peru, USA, Canada, Brazil
 Iron ore: key markets = China, Australia, Brazil, Russia, Canada
 EGAN demand growth forecast at +1.9 m t/a (2012-17)
 East Asia, South America, Australia main focus of rising demand
 Forecast new EGAN capacity: China (+2.3 m t/a)
FSU (+0.8 m t/a)
Australia (+0.6 m t/a)
South America (+0.5 m t/a)
 Forecast total industrial N demand in 2017 = 38 m t/a
BUT: Echoing the nitrogen fertilizer sector, new investments in EGAN capacity
outweigh the forecast increase in demand.
Nitrogen fertilizer demand prospects
 Global demand for urea in all uses is forecast to rise from 172 million t/a in 2013
to 207 m t/a by 2017
 Net growth = 3.8%/year
 Fertilizer urea growth forecast = 2.7%/year to 158 m tonnes in 2017
 Main areas of urea growth = East and SE Asia, North America, Latin America,
accounting for 90% of world’s urea demand growth
 Factors influencing N fertilizer demand:
- GDP growth and per capita incomes
- Population growth
- Cereal stock levels
- Biofuel market growth
- Crop prices
- Fertilizer affordability relative to other farming inputs and costs
- Subsidy regimes
- Currency markets, affecting affordability of imports (qv India, Brazil)
- Weather conditions (qv impact of droughts).
Consensus among industry forecasters is that demand growth will not match
forecast growth in N capacity.
But will all this new capacity come on stream as per forecast?
No!
 Some of the projects were originally mooted in the euphoria of the 2007/08
market spike
 There has been a noticeable slippage in expected completion dates of many
projects – escalating costs, engineering/equipment delivery delays
 Capital markets are not enamoured with fertilizers right now! Fertilizer
companies’ share prices have been marked down worldwide
 Capital starvation (especially working capital) – some greenfield projects may
wither on the vine
 CAPEX reappraisals in the face of market weakness
 US doubts – several greenfield projects are dependent on state tax breaks
 IFA’s slow-case scenario – could remove 3 m t/a of the forecast new capacity.
But are we’re still looking at a bear market scenario?
 The balance of probabilities suggests that we are

 Probability of an unforeseen surge in demand to absorb more of the new
capacity seems low, ditto another 2007/08 commodities spike
But what type of bear are we looking at?
 It may not necessary be a grizzly bear market – it could be a brown bear, a

panda or even a teddy bear
 Very unlikely that major gree
 There is always room for the unexpected in markets.
So what should we do in the next few years?
 Follow the recommendation of one-time London bus conductors:
(Insert bus pic)

HOLD TIGHT PLEASE!
Thank you for listening!

& Exhibition
Regionalisation vs globalisation
The changing nature of
The international DAP/MAP market
Energy and commodity price benchmarking and market insights
London, Houston, Washington, New York, Portland, Calgary, Santiago, Bogota, Rio de Janeiro,
Singapore, Beijing, Tokyo, Sydney, Dubai, Moscow, Astana, Kiev, Porto and Johannesburg
Market Reporting
Consulting
illuminating the markets Events
Regionalisation vs globalisation – the changing nature of

the international DAP/MAP market
Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
Mike Nash, Editor Argus FMB weekly Phosphates report

February 2014
1
Let’s start with a quote…
“Everything is connected to
everything else…”
Barry Commoner, American Biologist

1917-2012
Also attributed to Lenin 
illuminating the markets Copyright © 2014 Argus Media Ltd. All rights reserved.
2
The DAP Risk Board…
The MAP Risk board…
3
Regionalisation vs Globalisation
• Unprecedented global trade
• Yet intra-regional economic linkages strong
“Have regional elements become more important in

driving the phosphates market in an era of
globalisation?”
Agenda
4
Agenda
• The Decline of India forcing diversification
• Supply side responses
• What is driving regionalisation?
• Is it a complete theory?
• Some conclusions
Indian DAP imports 2002-2013 (million t)

• India spearheads world DAP imports
demand until… 10
o Stocks build 8
o Subsidy delays/cuts 6
o Weak Rupee 4
• Contract becomes spot 2
• Producers lose baseload 0
• Traditional suppliers exit
Source: IFA/FAI/Argus FMB
5
India sneezed, the DAP market caught a cold…
The New Indian DAP Order 2013…
Source: Argus FMB

6
Changes in Indian import structure
• Russia withdraws completely in 2013
• US exports fall from 2.5mt (2010) to 700kt (2013)
• Saudis ship 500kt in 2013
• China ships 2.6m t in 2012 vs 700kt three years earlier
• Mosaic jv in Saudi Arabia primarily to feed India
Reason: production economics & regionalisation
PhosAgro pulls out of India (January 2014)
7
Russian DAP/MAP exports 2012-13
• INSERT MAP
Source: IFA/Argus FMB

Russian MAP export strategy 2001-2013 (‘000t)

1000
Eastern Europe & central Asia
800
Central Europe
600
400
200
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: IFA/GTIS/Argus FMB
8
Lithuania DAP switches to NW Europe (‘000t)
• German DAP imports hit 500 India
140kt 2013 400 Germany
Netherlands
• Netherlands imports 300
rise 670pc 2008-2013 200
• India as an outlet
100
disappears 2012
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: GTIS/Argus FMB

The inexorable rise of China (imports v exports ‘000t)

• Self sufficiency 2007 6000
o US, Moroccan imports 4000
stop
2000
o China competes in India,
Latin America, SE Asia 0
o Net effect - 8m t extra ‐2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
DAP supply
‐4000
‐6000
9
SE Asia dominates Chinese DAP trade (2013)
• India taks 53pc of all Philippines
2%
New
Zealand
Others
DAP exports Thailand
3%
1%
10%
• Vietnam & Pakistan Indonesia

3%
another 25pc Japan India
52%
4%
• China’s top 8 markets Vietnam
13%
are all in SE Pakistan
13%
Asia/Oceania

US DAP exports in decline

• Consolidation US DAP exports (mn t)
o Mosaic acquires CF 12
o Agrifos, USChem exit
10
o Rock supply issues
8
o PhosChem disbands
6
• Retreat from India 4
• Switch to MES, domestic 2
• MissPhos diversifies to MAP 0
• Joint venture in S Arabia
Source: GTIS/IFA/TFI/Argus FMB
10
Change in US DAP export portfolio 2008-2013 (m t)
• Retreat from India 3.5
o Exports fall by 2.5m t 3
2009-13 2.5
• Concentration on regional India
2
markets 1.5 Brazil
o Brazilian exports more 1 Argentina
than double 2012-13 Mexico
0.5
o Argentine exports rise 2.5
0
times in 2013 v 2008-2012
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
average
The Rise of Saudi Arabia

• MPC now a reality
• …But Indian demand not absorbing output
• Diversification to new markets and products
• Increasingly regionally active
◦ Dark DAP to Pakistan
◦ European markets eg Turkey
11
Turkish DAP imports 2005-2012 (‘000t)
700
600 Others
500 Saudi Arabia
400 Jordan
300 Russia
200 Lithuania
100 US
0 Tunisia
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
illuminating the markets

Source: Argus/FMB
Copyright © 2014 Argus Media Ltd. All rights reserved.
12
Moroccan MAP exports grow in Brazil (‘000t)
• Market share 47pc 2013 3000
2500
• Brazil a regional market
2000 Others
• Russia and US variable China
1500
• Emergence of China 1000
US
• Brazil a key target 500
Russia
Morocco
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Moroccan DAP moves to Med and central Europe (‘000t)

• DAP shipments to 400
350
France rising again 300
• Fertiberia closing means 250
Romania
more DAP to Spain 200
150 Spain
• Romanian DAP exports 100 France
rise almost three-fold 50
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

13
What is driving this phenomenon?
• Profit – closer markets give better returns
• Freight advantages
• Regional economic integration initiatives e.g Europe
• Region-specific shocks - decline of Indian DAP demand
• Specific government trade policies e.g. China
• Changing buying patterns – JIT delivery
• Politics 
It’s not a perfect theory 

• US - strong in traditional markets eg Japan, Australia,
China
• Morocco – strategic aim to garner market share in US
• Saudi Arabia – diversifying into Latin America,
Australia
• Russia – PhosAgro in Thailand, SE Asia
• China – Latin America, Australia
14
But the world is being divided up…
Cartoon by James Gillray, British Caricaturist & Satirist 1757‐1815

Conclusions
Source: Argus FMB

15
Any questions?
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16
Petroleum
LPG/NGL
Petrochemicals
Power
Natural gas/LNG
Coal
Bioenergy
Emissions
Transportation
Fertilizers
Metals
Mike Nash
Editor, Phosphates weekly report @ Argus FMB
Email: mike.nash@argusmedia.com
Phone: 44 7415 115538
Office: 44 207 199 5699
www.argusmedia.com
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17
& Exhibition
POTASH OUTLOOK
POTASH OUTLOOK
by
Barrie Bain
Director of Fertilizer Intelligence
FERTECON Limited
FERTECON / AFA FEBRUARY 2014 1
FERTILIZER NUTRIENT USE
1
FERTILIZER NUTRIENT USE
PROPORTION OF TRADE
2
POTASH PRODUCTION
TYPES OF POTASH
3
WORLD POTASH CAPACITY
WORLD POTASH PRODUCTION
4
WORLD POTASH EXPORTS
WORLD POTASH PRODUCTION

• Supply still very concentrated
• Two major supply points – Canada and FSU – account for two
thirds of world production
• This was represented by five producers and two marketing
organisations. Now five producers and three marketing
organisations
• Three marketing organisations – Canpotex*, Belarusian
Potash Company (BPC) and K+S – accounted for over 81% of
export sales before breakup of BPC
• Now three organisations - Canpotex*, Uralkali and K+S
account for 72% of exports
• Five marketing organisations – Canpotex*, Uralkali Trading,
BPC, K+S and ICL - control 94% of export sales
*including Canpotex members’ individual sales to US
5
POTASH CONCENTRATION
NUMBER OF GROUPS ACCOUNTING FOR 70% OF EXPORTS
September September
2010 2013
3 3
NEW POTASH CAPACITY
6
POTENTIAL NEW POTASH PRODUCERS
Current producers 2020 possible
2013 additions
Europe K+S, Israel Chemicals Sirius (UK)
CIS Uralkali, Belaruskali Acron, EuroChem,

Uzkhimesanaot Turkmenkhimya
Africa - Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea
Asia around 30 enterprises in 5th project, plus several

China, 4 in Laos second stage
expansions in Laos
North America Agrium, Mosaic K+S, BHPB, IC Potash,

PotashCorp, Compass, several other potential
Intrepid projects
Latin America SQM, Vale
POTASH PROJECTS
• Lots of greenfield projects have been announced but few will

be developed
• Projects from junior mining companies will struggle to get
finance
• Even projects from major companies faced challenges – e.g.
Vale’s Rio Colorado project in Argentina and Canadian project
cancelled, major delays at EuroChem’s first Russia project
• The big unknown - BHP Billiton's Jansen project: over $1
billion spent and a further $2.6 billion authorised but still no
firm project approval
• The one certainty with greenfield projects the will cost more
and take longer to build than forecast
7
POTASH CONSUMPTION
FERTILIZER USE BY CROP
8
WORLD POTASH CONSUMPTION
WORLD POTASH IMPORTS
9
POTASH CONSUMPTION CONCENTRATION
NUMBER OF COUNTRIES ACCOUNTING FOR:
50% of 50% of
Consumption Imports
3 3
POTASH CONCENTRATION
NUMBER OF COUNTRIES ACCOUNTING FOR 70% OF
EXPORTS IMPORTS
3 6
10
POTASH IN ARAB COUNTRIES
ARAB POTASH CONSUMPTION
11
POTASH COSTS
POTASH COSTS OF PRODUCTION
12
POTASH EXPORTERS’ COST CURVE
POTASH PRICES
13
POTASH PRICE OUTLOOK
CROP vs FERTILIZER PRICES
14
CROP vs FERTILIZER PRICES
FERTILIZER TO CROP PRICE RATIOS
15
CORN TO FERTILIZER RATIOS
CROP : FERTILIZER CORRELATIONS
UREA DAP MOP
2003-2012 0.75 0.71 0.67
2006-2010 0.75 0.71 0.89
2011-2012 0.17 -0.23 0.46
2013 0.86 0.64 0.27
16
& Exhibition
Session III
& Exhibition
Social Licensing: a Key Approach to

Future Sustainable Development of
the Fertilizer Industry
Sustainability
and the
Fertiliser Industry
Dr. Julian Hilton,

Chairman, Aleff Group
20th AFA Annual

Fertilizer Forum & Exhibition
Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt

Savoy Hotel & Resort
February 25-27, 2014
Sustainability =
Changing the Way We Look at Resources
Nothing goes unnecessarily to waste
20th AFA Annual Forum & Exhibition, Sharm-el-Sheikh, 2014
• Sustainable Development
• The Fertiliser Value Chain
• Change Drivers
• Opportunities
Sustainability =
the “FEW” for the Many
• Food security
• Energy security
• Water security
“THESE ARE TOO BIG TO FAIL”
Sustainability =
the “FEW” for the Many
Energy
• Food security
• Energy security Safety
and
• Water security Security
Food Water
“THESE ARE TOO BIG TO FAIL”

The Challenge: The Opportunity
• 9 billion people by 2050 • Increased production/ha
• 60% more food from the • Greater efficiency
same arable area • Enhanced agronomy
• Increased competition – Nutrient targeting
for land and water • Technical innovation
resources – Processes
• Growing urbanisation – – Products
super cities • New markets
• Instability – Affordability
– Knowledge and expertise
Sustaining Soil Fertility

• Physical condition
• Nutrient condition
• Efficient use of water, notably in irrigated soils
• Effective nutrient management (critical values)
– Baseline critical values, by soil and crop
– Soil resident – P and K
– Non soil resident – N and S
– Micronutrients
• Resolution of competing demands for land use
– Food
– Bio-fuel

Safe, Sustainable, Fertile Soils
• A strong mutual dependency has been
identified between the objectives of SHE and
sustainable development goals, such as the
sustainable management and use of critical
mineral resources.
• It is now widely accepted that a practice
cannot be described as sustainable that is not
also safe.
9
Given its natural, human and financial

resources…
Given its values…
Does the MENA Region have the will to
be the fulcrum of a new, more
sustainable global economic order?

Example: Phosphates
• AFA estimates show that AFA member
companies trade in 79% of phosphate rock,
56% of phosphoric acid, 37% of DAP, 34% of
TSP and a significant share of the markets for
animal feed supplements and for purified
phosphates for food, drinks and
pharmaceuticals.
Mining/ Minerals vs Oil and Gas
Sustainable Development
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
Introduced by Gro Harlem Brundtland1, (UNWCED), Our
Common Future, Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1987)
“Sustainable development is development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs. It contains
within it two key concepts:
– the concept of needs, in particular the essential
needs of the world's poor, to which overriding
priority should be given; and
– the idea of limitations imposed by the state of
technology and social organization on the
environment's ability to meet present and future
needs.”
20th AFA Annual Forum & Exhibition, Sharm-el-Sheikh, 2014 15
The Cycle of Needs and Limitations

Social
Sustainable
Needs Technological
Development
Environmental
16

THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NARRATIVE
Triple Bottom Line (TBL)
• Introduced by John Elkington, 1994 in California Business Review1
• Direct response to the Brundtland/ Sustainability agenda –
becomes an enterprise obligation
• Three variables must all apply to enterprise or organisational
performance:
– Economic/ financial
– Social
– Environmental
• Derived from John Nash’s Nobel prize-winning cooperative game
theory – the win/win 2
• Goes well beyond Corporate Social Responsibility
1: ELKINGTON, J., "Towards the sustainable corporation: Win-win-win business strategies for sustainable development", California Management Review 36, 2, 90-100,
(1994).
2. NASH, J., Non-cooperative Games, Annals of Mathematics, 54, 286-295, (1950).

TBL Sustainable Development
p
Technologies Environmental gain Cultures
Production Regulation
Exploration/ Values and Beliefs
Life-cycle
quantification (Stakeholders)
resource
Whole basin Policies
management/
management Safety (HSE)
future-proofing)
Comprehensive Recovery and reuse
extraction Sustainable (Secondary )
(Primary) development: Zero waste
Waste Adaptivee Axis of Hope
hierarchy behaviours//
Social licensing
Capacity-
building
Transparent governance
Food Security
Economic gain Energy Security Social gain
Water Security
Consumption
“FEW” Needs
Waste to Wealth
Reengineering the fertiliser value
chain through sustainability
Comprehensive extraction: core principles

• Disturb the ground only once
• All useful materials to be extracted
from the ore in an optimised,
integrated sequence (single flow
sheet)
• By-products and residues (re)used
(closed system, available for
successive life-cycles)
• Mine/ by-products/ tailings at End of
Life to be “future proofed”
• Waste streams minimised/ legacy
costs greatly reduced U extraction from phosphates
• Sustainable service delivery
• New business model(s) eg green U
• TBL returns, economic, social and
environmental
Example: Compagnie des Phosphates de Gafsa (Tunisia)
Example: Compagnie des Phosphates de Gafsa (Tunisia)

PHOSPHATE ROCK – WHAT DO WE SEE?
Single Mineral or
Comprehensive
Extraction?
20th AFA Annual Forum & Exhibition, Sharm-el-Sheikh, 2014 23
UDEPO, 2012
Black Shale 1,199,086
Lignite 313,685
Phosphates 12,894,830
Other 234,137
Total 14,641,738
EXAMPLE: SANTA QUITERIA, BRAZIL, U AND P PROJECT
FLOWCHART
Phosphate Mining Sulphur
Phosphate Beneficiation Sulphuric Acid Production
Phosphoric Acid Production
Fertilizers (MAP, DAP...)

Uranium Recovery Thorium
Removal
Animal Feed Salt (DCP)
Uranium Ore
Concentrate
SQM Chile…. Potash

SQM Chile…. Lithium
Phosphogypsum:
Waste or Resource?
Phosphogypsum use in
the MENA Region -
Syria
— Phosphogypsum
Kazakhstan
Cotton Growth and
Yield (up to 200-
300% increase over 3
years, (ICARDA))
2006 2007
2500
+ Phosphogypsum
2000
Cotton yield (kg/ha)
1500
1000
500
0
Control PG 3.3-Jan PG 8.0-Jan PG 3.3-Apr PG 8.0-Apr
Treatments AFA Technical Conference, July 9-11, 2012:

Hilton: Aleff Group
Ammonium Sulphate from PG, Wengfu
Two plants with annual capacity

of 250,000 tons each are under
construction.
It consumes 1,040,000 tonnes of
PG and reduces 170,000 tons of
CO2 emission each year .
THE IAEA PHOSPHATE INDUSTRY SAFETY REPORT
• Published March 2013

• 340 References
• 2,000 documents and
publications reviewed
32
Phosphogypsum 2008…
little or no use
Phosphogypsum 2014 …
At least 20 million tonnes
used or reprocessed
Waste or Resource?
Learning New Competencies:
Future-proofing the national mines
http://www.uxponline.com/resources/file/pdf/meet/uxp2013/UXP_Newsl
etterLisbonUraniumMineRemediationMarch2013.pdf
http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/News/2012/repository/2012-11-
09-Uranium-Meeting-Lisbon.html
Life-cycle management:
Nothing goes unnecessarily to waste
Conventional Sustainable
Mine (EOL) Closure and Inventorise resources
remediation remaining/ future-proof
Beneficiation High value ores All ores

only
Processing Stack/ discharge Use / reprocess PG –
PG agriculture, construction,
ammonium sulphate,
calcium carbonate
Resource P or K P, U, Th, REE, K, Li, I…
management
Stakeholders Needs Control Point(s) Sustainable Equilibrium
Geology and – Exploration – Verifiable classification, – Energy basin management
mining engineers and discovery characterisation and – Green mines
quantification of
resources/ reserves
Beneficiation and – Technologies – Recovery rate – Near perfect recovery

processing – Flowsheets – Waste stream(s) (“Comprehensive extraction”)
specialists – Zero waste
Fertilizer and feed – Market(s) – Commodity prices – Value add services (extension
manufacturers and service model)
distributors – Utility prices
Farmers/ livestock – Fertile soil – Critical P value – Critical P level sustained
producers – Market(s) – Stable prices and margins
Food processors – Reliable – Effective “one up/ one – Stable prices and margins
supply chain down” integration
Consumers – Safe, – Storage/consumption of – Diet/ lifestyle in balance (no

affordable food obesity)
food – Diet/ nutrition – Zero waste
– Waste
Waste managers – Prevention/ – Recovery and reuse rates – Reward for prevention
and processors Collection – Waste as concept of last resort
The Social Licence to Operate

Breaking New Ground (2002)
“The mining and minerals
industry faces some of the most
difficult challenges of any
industrial sector – and is
currently distrusted by many of
the people it deals with day to
day. It has been failing to
convince some of its
constituents and stakeholders
that it has the ‘social licence to
operate’ in many parts of the
world, based on the many
expectations of its potential
2002
contributions.” (p.xiv)
http://62.50.73.67/DocRoot/ev8jEJvTiMYd4mJhGGHQ/finalmmsdreport.pdf
Business Risk Analysis (2013)

TOP TEN RISKS
1. Resource nationalism
2. Skills shortages
3. Infrastructure access
4. Cost inflation
5. Capital project execution
6. Maintaining a social
licence to operate
7. Price and currency volatility
8. Capital management and
access
9. Sharing the benefits
[equitably]
10. Fraud and corruption

Conclusions: Looking In
• Delivery of the highest quality of products and services,
through:
– a programme of continuous improvement
– Increased investment in research and development
– implementing and enhancing best available technologies and best
available practices
• Commitment to an enterprise-wide culture of safety, with
emphasis on the participation of all employees and contractors,
the prevention of work-related accident or illness, and the
promotion of the safety, health and wellbeing of the wider
community
• Proactive engagement with customers and stakeholders
• Maintaining biodiversity
• Progressively reducing, and where possible eliminating waste
Conclusions: Looking Out

• Demonstrable adherence to the aims of food, energy
and water security, and resource conservation
• Measurable economic, social and environmental
returns by the release and optimisation of value from
human and natural resources across the whole value
chain
• Coherent and consistent international regulations and
standards
• Preserving and enhancing the capacity of our
environments to meet our current needs without
prejudicing the ability of future generations to meet
theirs.

Outcome
A sustainable, profitable, equitable

Social Licence to Operate
SECURE THE “FEW”
• Food security
• Energy security
• Water security
SUSTAIN THE MANY

Shukran!
Dr. Julian Hilton
jhilton@aleffgroup.com
© Aleff Group 2014, All Rights Reserved

& Exhibition
Precision Agriculture and the Fertilizer

Industry – Supporting Global FoodSecurity
Precision Agriculture and the Fertilizer
Industry – Supporting Global Food
Security
Steve Phillips, Ph.D.

Director, North American Program
Precision Agriculture
• ‘Precision’is defined as‘the quality or state of
being precise‘or‘exactness’; the degree of
refinement with which an operation is performed
• ‘Precision Agriculture’must be precise or exact

in the management of agronomic variables
• Nutrient management has always been a starting

point for many of the concepts in precision
agriculture
• In the early years of the International Conference

on Precision Agriculture, approximately 70% of
the papers presented dealt with nutrient
management.
• That number continues to be around 50% and

may increase in coming years as options for
precision nutrient management continue to grow.
1
Trends in USA Precision Agriculture
• PA technologies and practices continue to grow throughout
the agricultural world
• Practices that were once considered “precision” are now
viewed as business‐as‐usual
• Top Five Trends of 2013

1. Mobile Devices
2. Database Integration
3. Variable‐Rate Applications
4. In‐Cab Solutions
5. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
2
Top Trend #1: Mobile Devices
• Identification tools
• Weeds, Nutrient Deficiency, Pests
• Input Calculators
• Seed, Chemical, Fertilizer
• News, Weather, Market Updates
• Other Calculators
• Nutrient Removal
• Scouting Tools
3
Top Trend #2: Database Integration
• Compatibility of tools
• Integration of outside
data
• Improvements in
decision making
• Wireless data transfer
Top Trend #3: Variable Rate Applications
• Application based on
field and crop variability
• Apply only what is
needed Applying only what the plant needs,
or soil can handle.
• Deliver inputs more

accurately
4
Variable Hybrid Planter
5
Variable-Rate Seeding
VR seeding as opposed to planting
whole field at 64K
% of land with
low yield VR Seeding
potential Savings
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐$/ha‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
5% 0.32
10% 0.74
25% 11.68
50% 30.01
75% 48.04
6
Map‐Based VR Nutrient Application
54 kg/ha
145 kg/ha
108 kg/ha
8.3 ha
13.1 ha
Up and Coming Technology: Crop Sensors
7
Crop Sensor Uses
• Nitrogen application in corn and wheat

• Weed pressure mapping
• Plant growth regulator and defoliant applications in
cotton
• Stress and damage in soybeans and peanuts
Top Trend #4: In-Cab Solutions

• Automated Guidance
• Boom Section Control
Advancing
Image courtesy Science & Technology
of TeeJet Biosystems Engineering
8
Automated Guidance
Boom Section Control

Manual Errors
– Overlaps (blue)
– Skips (red)
BSC Errors
– Overlaps reduced (blue)
– Skips eliminated
9
Top Trend #5: Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles (UAV)
10
11
UAV Sensors
Future for UAVs
12
Thank You
sphillips@ipni.net
13
& Exhibition
Water Resources and Demand in

the Middle East & North Africa
.
Water Resources and Demand in
the Middle East and North Africa
Prof. Anwar Battikhi

Jordan Soc. for Sci. Res., President
The University of Jordan. Professor
20th AFA Inter Fertilizer Forum

February 25‐27,2014
Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
Abstract
The world has only 6% of the total water as pure fresh water on
earth (41,000 km3) of which only 9,000 km3 are used.
We use, in the Arab World, only 193 billion m3 of renewable

pure water annually, out of a total renewable water of 350
billion m3, 40% of which is in major rivers; 74 billions m3 are
from the Nile, 25 from Tigris, and 38 from the Euphrates.
Groundwater comes from 3 major aquifers. The Eastern Arj: East

of Atlas Mountains in Algeria, (1,400 billion m3); Nuba basin
between Egypt, Libya, and Sudan (7,000 billion m3); and Disi
(non‐renewable) basin between Jordan and Saudi Arabia (100
billion m3); and there are some other small basins, whose
amounts are about 15.3 billion m3.
2
1
Arabs do not control their water resources. Sixty per cent of
the Arab world water is controlled by foreign countries. The
surface water shares them with Turkey, Israel, and African
Countries namely: Ethiopia; Kenya; Uganda; Burundi; Eritrea;
Rwanda; Tanzania; and Zair. The groundwater is shared mostly
among Arab countries themselves, except for the occupied
Palestine whose groundwater is dominated by Israel.
As to fresh water use, 88% is for Agriculture, 5.1% is for

industry and 6.9% is for drinking and other household needs.
These percentages, of course, don't apply to all Arab countries.
For, some countries like Jordan, use about 66% for agriculture,
32% for household and other needs, and 2% for industry.
In the year 2000, 352 billion m3 were used in the Arab World
where demand exceeded that by about 30 billion.
Most Arab countries are under the poverty line, in water

supply, which is considered 1,000 m3 /capita/annum. In
2007, the average for all Arab counties was 1,250, now it is
about 803 m3 /capita/annum. In Jordan now it is 145,
whereas in Turkey now it is 4,000 m3 /capita/annum.
Causes of this poverty in water supply are: Increase in

human population; Misuse of water resources; And water
pollution. These resulted in: Desertification and soil
deterioration; Increase in nutrition gap; poor Investment
in water projects; Bad effects on animal husbandry and
production; Energy defects and losses; and poor
environmental management.
2
Introduction
In the Arab world 3430 m3 annually/person was the average in

1960 in 13 Arab Countries. It will be 667 annually/person in 2025.
Currently it is 100‐2000m3.
Renewable water is estimated to be 350 billion m3 annually of

which about 40% are flowing in rivers, mainly: The Nile; The
Tigris; and the Euphrates.
Water Resources and Demand

The Nile Basin
Ethiopia contributes 83% of the total Nile flow. Treaties 1929,
1957, and 1987 between Egypt and Sudan gives 55.5 billion
m3 to Egypt and 18.5 billion m3 to the Sudan. 10 countries
border the Nile, they are: Ethiopia; Kenya; Uganda,; Burundi;
Eritrea; Rwanda; Tanzania; Zair; Sudan and Egypt. Ethiopia as
you know, is planning to build Al Nahda Dam on the Nile to
store 64 billion m3. See Table (5).
So far negotiations between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan have

not reached any agreements. This is a serious problem to all
parties concerned.
6
3
The Euphrates and the Tigris
The Euphrates rise in Turkey and water crosses to Syria then
to Iraq and joins the Tigris inside Iraq, which also originates in
Turkey, further South they flows into Shatt al Arab, and goes
down into the Arab Gulf (Persian). See Table (1).
Disputes between the 3 countries have always taken place.

Turkey had built The Anadol project that consisted 22 dams
and 17 stations. The Tigris and Euphrates had smelted,
because of the Anadol project where Ataturk dam was
constructed to store 48 billion m3 of water, to irrigate 1.7
billion hectars since mid‐nineties.
Iraq and Syria use to get 25 MCM from the Tigris, and 38
MCM from the Euphrates. The uses of these amounts are as
follows: Agriculture 88%; Household 6.9%; and Industry 5.1%
The River Jordan Basin in Syria, Jordan,

Lebanon and Palestine
River Jordan Basin: The Main plan prepared by the United
Nations committee distributed the water of the Yarmouk river
that is on Syrian land between Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine,
and Israel. The shares are shown in Table (1).
Jordan was given a total of 774 MCM. While Syria was given 45
MCM, and Israel 394 MCM.
According to Arab League Plan (Table 7), the same river was
distributed on Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Israel who were given,
698, 132, 35, and 182 MCM respectively.
4
Today Syria has confiscated most of Jordan's share.
Israel has closed any output from Lake Tiberias to the
river Jordan, which resulted in Jordan receiving about
270 MCM from 730 MCM in the Jordan Valley. This
forced Jordanians to pump from the groundwater
aquifers about 500 MCM, from all of Jordan basins
knowing that the total safe yield from Groundwater in
the whole country of Jordan is 275 MCM.
Israel also is controlling 90% of the Groundwater of

the West Bank and Gaza groundwater resources while
the original land holders, The Palestinians, are allowed
to use only about 10% from the whole groundwater
and surface resources. See Table (9).
9
Other Rivers
Euphrates 32.5 billion m3
Tigris 50 32.5 billion m3
Yarmouk 1500 MCM went down to 400 (200 to Jordan,
200 to Syria)
Senegal 11 bcm for Mauritania
Senegal 11 guinea, Male & Senegal
Shibili 1.8 billion m3 Ethiopia + Somalia
Juba 6.4 billion m3 Ethiopia + Somalia
Majrada 0.8 0.2 billion m3 Algeria
Orintus, Alasi 0.5 billion m3 Syria & Lebanon
10
5
So as can see to the rivers in the region (River
Jordan, Yarmouk, Litani, Hasbani, and Wazzani,
Euphrates, Tigris, Senegal, Shibili, Juba, Majrada,
Orintus, Alasi ). Disputes are so serious that they
might lead to wars.
Water Demand in the Gulf States had increased by

8 times during the period (1980‐1990) and more,
at present, due to population increase, and thus
food demand.
11
A study carried out by ACSAD (Arab Center for the Studies

of Arid Zones and Dry Lands), and ALECSO (Arab League
Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization),
predicted a water deficit of about 291 billion m3 of water
by the year 2030. And showed that there are water
aquifers with non‐renewable water supply of very high
capacity, where only 5% is used so far. The study
recommended:
1. Optimize the use of available water resources.

This can be achieved by increasing the irrigation use
efficiency, and by changing the cropping pattern and using
selected and new strains that require less water and that
resist salinity.
12
6
2. Develop the existing resources.
This can be achieved by building dams and reservoirs and
minimizing evaporation losses and leaks.
3. Invest in additional resources.

This can be achieved by towing glacial mountains from the north or
south poles or translocation or conveying excess unneeded river
water like from Turkey by boats (table 20). Or by pumping from
deep aquifers or by desalination of sea water and sanitary water or
drainage water and may be used it in industries. This might be
expensive, but can be used as a last resort. (See Figure 7, and Table
18).
These problems of water shortage can lead to wars in the region
between Arabs and Israel, and/or Arabs and Turks, and/or Arabs
and Africans.
13
Shard Groundwater
West Bank 700‐900 mcm Israel uses 90% of it

Sinjar & Abdul Azziz Mountain to Tozos
Mountain in Turkey Upper Jesisa Basin 1.6 b
3
m Turkey is using the water
14
7
The shortness of water will be aggravated even by wars
since you need to provide more water for Agriculture
production as well as for military needs beside food needs.
If you want to produce more wheat and barley and cheese

and bread we shall need (500‐1500) m3 water/ton of
wheat, or 7500 m3 water/ton of paper or 400 m3/ton of
Aluminum, or 240 m3 water/ton of iron. Besides you will
need more drinking and use of water by a soldier than by a
civilian.
15
The population increase due to immigration that are taking

place in the M.E. might augment these possibilities.
Because of the needs to produce more food and more
products, industrial products, which consume more water.
Urbanization increases water needs. The per capita water

need in a city is much more than that in a rural area.
Many alternatives were studied to bring water from Asia,
Europe, North and South Poles, to the Arab world.
Examples are the Rivers of Jehan and Ceyhan from Turkey
to the Eastern Mediterranean countries and the Arab
Peninsula and the gulf States. (Table 20).
16
8
Another possibility is to bring water from River Nagwy in
Pakistan to the Arab Gulf States.
Another proposal studied was to bring water from the

Euphrates to the East Mediterranean Arab countries.
Another project under serious consideration is to have a
carrier from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea and use
desalination. Another idea considered was to bring water
from Iran to Qatar, etc….. See Table (17).
17
Desertification
A very serious problem causing Agricultural land losses due to
drought is desertification. One hundred and ten countries
with a population of 250 million have lost about 42 billion
hectars in the world due to desertification. 550 million of
which are in Asia, 500 million in Africa, at an estimated loss of
12 billion dollars.
A study warns of the seriousness of the problem. It might

expand to cover good agricultural land of forests and food
producing areas.
18
9
In the study they also warn of the enlargement of the area
especially because of the expansion of the cities engulfing the
agricultural land and its effects on soil erosion from using
wood for heating in winter. Especially that 350 million lives in
the equator areas counting on forests for agriculture and
industry.
Africa is mostly affected by desertification 1/2 of the

continent is bare due to desertification, where 3.3 million
hectars support the life of 300 million people.
54% are deprived of clean water and 66% are deprived of

clean sanitation infrastructure.
19
The Arab region (according to UNDP) is the driest region on

Earth. 11 countries have bad quality water for drinking and
for agriculture.
Its land witnesses severe erosion and has low fertility and
therefore low productivity and being deteriorating.
The Climate in the Arab Region helps the desertification
process due to permanent drought for many seasons, that
leads to deterioration of animal and plant traits.
20
10
These situations if not resolved soon, might lead to conflicts
and wars between neighboring countries, even between Arab
countries which are depleting their groundwater resources,
by over pumping water more than safe yields.
Water demand, due to immigration and high rates of birth,

has increased over 8 times especially in the Gulf Area (1980‐
1990), and due to increase agricultural activities to produce
more food, and due to increase in population.
Studies carried out by ACSAD and ALECSO showed that there will
be a deficit of 261 billion m3 in 2030.
21
(a)
Table (1) : Water Resources and Demands
Country Lebanon Syria Jordan Iraq
Year 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b)
Population (million) 4 4.3 18 20.8 5 6.2 26 33
Resources (billion m3)

Surface 4.00 3.80 11.43 12.17 0.32 0.70 41.35 44.00 (e)
(2003) (c) (2010) (d)
Groundwater 0.60 3.20 6.33 6.02 0.52 0.50 1.20 3.30
(2003) (c) (2010) (d)
Desalination ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ - 0.01 -
Treated (WW) ‐ ‐ ‐ - 0.05 0.11 ‐ ‐

(2010)
Total 4.60 7.00 17.76 18.19 0.89 1.31 42.56 47.3
Demand (billion m3)

Household 0.39 0.38 1.00 1.50 0.36 0.30 1.83 0.30
Industry 0.16 0.15 1.00 0.62 0.10 0.04 0.50 0.04
Irrigation 0.90 0.79 12.10 14.70 0.82 0.61 47.33 52.00
Total 1.45 1.32 14.10 16.82 1.28 0.95 49.66 52.34
Surplus or Deficit (billion m3)

+3.15 +5.68 +3.66 +1.37 ‐0.39 +0.36 ‐7.10 ‐5.04
Per Person (m3/yr)

1150 1628 987 875 178 211 1637 1433
22
11
Table (2)(a): Water Resources and Demands
Country Kuwait KSA Yemen
Year 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b)
Population (million) 3 2.8 21 28.1 16 24.8

Surface ‐ ‐ 2.20(f) 2.20 1.5(g) 2.00
Groundwater 0.16 ‐ 2.34 2.20 1.40 1.50
Desalination 0.44 ‐ 1.50 1.2 (2009) (g) ‐ ‐
Treated (WW) 0.10 0.25 0.70 0.8 (2009) (g) ‐ ‐

(2005)
Total 0.70 0.25 6.74 6.4 2.9 3.50
Demand (billion m3)

Household 0.15 0.40 3.36 2.13 0.21(h) 0.27
Industry 0.06 0.02 0.39 0.71 0.04(h) 0.09
Irrigation 0.11 0.50 2.03 2.08 2.22 3.24
Total 0.32 0.92 5.78 4.92 2.47 3.57
Surplus or Deficit (billion m3 )

+0.38 ‐0.67 ‐0.24 +0.51 +0.43 ‐0.7
Per Person (m3/yr)

233 89 321 228 181 141
23

Country Libya Tunisia Algeria Morocco
Year 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b)
Population (million) 6 6.4 10 10.7 33 36.0 32 32.3

Surface 0.12 0.20 2.70 3.40 13.50 10.20 23.00 22.00
Groundwater 0.5(j) 0.60 1.84 1.60 1.52(l) 1.50 10.00(m) 10.00
Desalination 0.02(1999)(k) ‐ 0.013** ‐ 0.10 ‐ 0.01 ‐

(2001)
Treated (WW) 0.04 (1999)(k) 0.04 ‐ 0.19 ‐ 0.15 ‐ 0.12
(2009) (2008) (2010) (2010)
Total 0.68 0.84 4.55 5.19 15.12 11.85 33.01 32.12
Demand (billion m3)

Household 0.65 0.61 0.37 0.37 1.33(l) 1.40 1.68 1.24
Industry 0.13 0.13 0.34 0.11 0.50 0.83 0.40 0.36
Irrigation 4.80 3.60 2.20 2.16 3.00 3.94 11.01(n) 11.00
Total 5.58 4.34 2.91 2.63 4.83 5.17 13.09 12.60

‐1.60 ‐3.50 +1.64 +2.56 +10.29 +6.68 +19.92 +19.52
Per Person (m3/yr)

113 131 455 485 458 329 1032 994
24
12
Country Qatar Bahrain UAE Oman
Year 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b)
Population (million) 0.33 1.9 0.65(o) 1.3 2 7.9 2 2.9

Surface ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.10 0.20 1.05(r) 1.10
Groundwater 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.39 0.10 1.3(r) 1.30
Desalination 0.10 ‐ 0.10 0.13 0.45 ‐ 0.06 0.109

(2007) (p) (2006)
Treated (WW) 0.13 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.29 0.11 0.04
(2006) (2007) (p) (2006) (2006)
Total 0.29 0.16 0.27 0.27 1.02 0.59 2.52 2.55
Demand (billion m3)

Household 0.10 0.17 0.09 0.18 0.52 (2003)(q) 0.62 0.12 0.13
Industry 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.06(2003)(q) 0.07 0.06 0.02
Irrigation 0.08 0.26 0.12 0.16 2.00(2003)(q) 3.30 1.17(r) 1.20
Total 0.23 0.44 0.26 0.36 2.58 3.99 1.35 1.35

+0.06 ‐0.28 +0.01 +0.09 ‐1.56 ‐2.49 +1.17 +1.20
Per Person (m3/yr)

879 804 400 208 510 190 1260 879
25
Table (5)(a) : Water Resources and Demands
Country Egypt Sudan

Year 2000(a) 2011(b) 2000(a) 2011(b)
Population (million) 62 82.5 33 34.3

Surface 57.50 56.00 23.80 31.5 (2012)(v)
Groundwater 1.8(s) 1.30 0.50 4.5 (2012) (v)
Desalinization 0.05 ‐ 0.0004 -
Treated (WW) 3.0(s) 4.80 ‐ ‐
Total 62.35 62.10 24.30 36.00
Demand (billion m3)

Household 4.50 5.30 0.83 0.85
Industry 4.0(s) 4.00 0.17 0.22
Irrigation 59.90 59.00 36.07(t) 36.10
Total 68.4 68.30 37.07 37.17
Surplus or Deficit (billion m3 )

‐6.05 ‐6.20 ‐12.77 ‐1.17
Per Person (m3/yr)

1006 752 736 1049
26
13
The 4 Quadrants
Figure 1: Resources and Demand in Arab Countries
#Inof
m3Firms
/person
2000 - 2002
High
3000
East Mediterranean
Northern Arab Gulf
South Arab Peninsula
2000
plus Kuwait
Iraq
Arab Nile Basin
Arab North Africa
Demand UAE
(m3/person)
Sudan
Libya
1000
Egypt
Qatar Syria
Bahrain Oman
KSA
Tunisia
Morocco
Yemen
Low Jordan Lebanon
Kuwait
Algeria 1000 2000 3000
High
Resources
Low (m3/person)
27
Figure 2: Resources and Demand in Arab Countries

In m3/person
2009 - 2011
High
3000
East Mediterranean
Northern Arab Gulf
South Arab Peninsula
2000
plus Kuwait
Arab Nile Basin
Iraq Arab North Africa
Demand
(m3/person)
Sudan
1000
Egypt
Libya
Syria
UAE Yemen
Oman
Algeria KSA Morocco Lebanon
LowKuwait Tunisia
Qatar
Jordan 1000 2000 3000
Bahrain
Resources High
Low (m3/person)
28
14
Figure (3) :Water resources in the Arab
(a)
countries (Available and Reused)
Total = Surface + Groundwater +

desalinazated water and reused
Available (100%)
Ground Water + Surface water
Surface Water
Reused (75%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

29
(a)
Table (6) : Per capita share in the Arab world of renewable fresh water available
1955, 1990, 2025
Country 1955 m3/yr 1990 m3/yr 2025 m3/yr
KSA 1.266 (b) 306 (c) 117 (c)
Kuwait 808 (c) 75 (c) 62 (c)
UAE 6.195 (a) 308 (c) 184 (c)
Libya 4.105 (a) 1.017 (b) 377 (c)
Iraq 18.441 (a) 6.029 (a) 2.648 (a)
Qatar 1.427 (a) 117 (c) 73 (c)
Bahrain 672 (c) 180 (c) 95 (c)
Oman 4.240 (a) 1.266 (b) 524 (c)
Algeria 1.770 (a) 689 (c) 360 (c)
Egypt 2.560 (a) 1.123 (b) 681 (c)
Tunisia 1.127 (b) 540 (c) 365 (c)
Morocco 2.763 (a) 1.117 (b) 638 (c)
Jordan 906 (c) 327 (c) 127 (c)
Yemen 1.098 (b) 445 (c) 157 (c)
Syria 6.500 (a) 2.087 (a) 757 (c)
Lebanon 3.088 (a) 1.818 (a) 1.236 (b)
Sudan 11.899 (a) 4.792 (a) 2.026 (a)
Total 68.865 22.236 10.363
Average Per capita share of Arab 4.051 (a) 1.308 (b) 610 (c)
12 (a) 4 (a) 2 (a)
3 (b) 5 (b) 1 (b)
3 (c) 9 (c) 15 (c)
3
(a)more than 1667 m Per capita in year (Abundant)
3
(b) from 1000 to 1667 m Per capita in year (Stressed)
(c) less than 1000 m3 Per capita in year (Scarce)
30
15
(a)
Table (7) : Distribution of water among the parties of the River Jordan,
according to different the plans
Plan Lebanon Syria Jordan Israel Total
1‐ Main Plan ‐ 45 774 394 1213
2‐ Arab Plan 35 132 698 182 1047
3‐ Johnston’s Consolidated Plan

A‐ Hasbani River 35 ‐ ‐ ‐ 35
B‐ Banias River ‐ 20 ‐ ‐ 20
C‐ Jordan River ‐ 22 100 375 497
D‐ Yarmouk River ‐ 90 377 25 492
E‐ Side Valleys ‐ ‐ 243 ‐ 243
Total Johnston’s consolidated 35 132 720 400 1287

plan
31
Table (8)(a) : Water Resources in Israel 1985, as

reported in Israeli Documents
Water Resources Million m3 %
Tiberias Lake (Jordan River) 610 28.5
Floodwaters 90 4.2
Treated Sewage 60 2.8
Coastal Groundwater 455 21.2
Mountain Groundwater 740 34.5
Groundwater in (AL Jaleel, Al‐Karmel, and 190 8.8
Al‐Naqab)
Total 2145 100
32
16
(w)
Table (9) : Water Resources in Israel 2005
Country Israel
Year 2005
Population (million) 6.50

Single Total
Surface +0.25 Internal without treaties
Surface +0.305 Internal with treaties
Total Surface Renewable 0.555
Water
Groundwater +0.725 Entry to the country
Groundwater +1.030 External Renewable Water
Groundwater ‐0.025 Leaving the Country
Total Renewable 1.730
Groundwater
Effective (Green) Rainfall +0.750 2.285
Water
Grand Total 3.035
Per Person (m3/yr)
467 33
(x)
Table (10) : Israel’s Additional External Water
Resources on 1991
In 1991, some 55 per cent of Israel’s total water supplies came from non‐
Israeli sources
Billion cubic meters
Source Israeli Report Our Funding
(Tahal) (2.000 (30 years
Israel 0.745
ago))*
y
Golan Heights 0.280 (Shatnawi) (0.300)
West Bank + Ghaza 0.415 (Shatnawi) 0.720 +0. 085
(Shatnawi) (Wazzani, Dan,
Lebanon, Syria, Jordan 0.215
Hasbani, Yarmouk)(0.500)
(shatnawi) (Ashdod,
Desalinization
Askalon, Akka North)0.900
Total 1.655 4.505
Israel annual consumption 1.655 4.505
34
* See Figure 11
17
(a)
Table (11) : Water Demand in Israel
Agriculture Industry Drinking Household Total
Year
Quantity % Quantity % Quantity % Quantity
80/81 1212 72.2 100 6.0 367 21.9 1678

81/82 1282 72.4 103 5.8 385 21.8 1770
82/83 1255 71.3 103 5.9 401 22.8 1759
83/84 1356 72.2 103 5.5 419 22.3 1878*
84/85 1389 72.3 109 5.7 422 22.0 1920*
85/86 1434 72.2 103 5.2 450 22.6 1987*
86/87 1025 65.7 111 7.1 424 27.2 1560
87/88 1179 67.4 123 7.0 447 25.5 1749
88/89 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
89/90 1236 66.7 114 6.1 501 27.0 1851
1990 1157 66.3 106 6.0 482 27. 6 1754
1991 875 61.16 100 7.0 445 31.3 1420
* Were about 2 billion 30 years ago 35
(w)
Table (12) : Water Resources in Turkey 2010
Country Turkey
Year 2010
Population (million) 73.0
Surface +171.8
Groundwater +67.8
Overlap between Surface 28.0
and Groundwater
Grand Total 211.6
Per Person (m3/yr)
2,898
Turkey has unilaterally guaranteed 500 m3 per second of water to cross the
Syrian Arab Republic, but no formal agreement exists so far. And Syria has
to let part of this water cross to Iraq.
36
18
Table (13)(a) : Household consumption patterns in some countries of
the world (1996)
Country Capita consumption
L/day Gallon/day
USA 568 150
Scotland 415 110
Denmark 340 90
Japan 303 80
England 290 77
KSA 245 65
Turkey 225 60
Jordan 50 37
37
(a)
Table (14) : The distribution of household consumption in one of the
cities of the United States on various aspects of water use
House cleaning 3%
Irrigation of parks 3%
Drinking and food preparation 5%
Washing clothes 4%
Wash vessel 6%
Showers and the washing 38%
Bathrooms 41%
38
19
Table (15)(a) : Needs of various industries from water
Group A: Need for more than 100,000 gallons of water per ton production
Industrial cellulosic threading 462200 Gallon /Ton
Industrial non‐cellulosic threading 202100 G/T
Paper pulp and processing 130000 G/T
Industrial organic chemicals 124700 G/T
Synthetic rubber 110600 G/T
Copper 106000 G/T
Group B: Need between 10,000 and 1000,000 gallons of water per ton production
Aluminum 983200 Gallon /Ton
Solid 62600 G/T
Spinning and weaving 69800 G/T
Plastics and resins 47060 G/T
Phosphorus fertilizer 35600 G/T
Alkali and chlorine 29800 G/T
Nitrogen fertilizer 28500 G/T
Packaging vegetables 22400 G/T
Caning fruit and vegetables 19700 G/T
Inorganic Chemicals 14500G/T
Oil refining 13900 G/T
Foundries Iron & Steel 12400 G/T 39
Needs of various industries from water
Group C: Need Less than 10,000 gallons of water per ton production
Slaughtering and cleaning chickens 7389 G/T
Paper conversion 6584 G/T
Dairy Products 1692 /T
40
20
Figure (4)(u) : Amounts of Renewable, Nonrenewable, and Virtual
Water in MENA Countries, 2005(%)
41
Figure(5) : Actual Renewable Water

(u)
Resources per Capita, by Region
42
21
Figure (6)(u) : Total Renewable Water
Resources per Capita, by Country
43
(a)
Table (16) : International standards for drinking
water
1. Toxic substances and materials that have identified the highest concentration allowed
Material The highest concentration allowed (mg/L)
Lead Pb 0.05
Selenium Se 0.01
Arsenic As 0.05
Cyanide CN 0.01
Cadmium Cd 0.01
Mercury Hg 0.001
2. Alforedat stop the proposed limits for the concentration in the water at the temperature
prevailing in the region
The annual average upper Minimum Fluor Maximum Fluor (mg/L)
limit of air temperature (mg/L)
(° C)
10‐12 0.9 1.7
12.1‐14.6 0.8 1.5
14.7‐17.6 0.8 1.3
17.7‐21.4 0.7 1.2
21.5‐26.2 0.7 1.0
26.3‐32.4 0.6 0.8
3. Saw the World Health Organization to put the sword in their specifications, one threshold
required or desirable, and the other is to reduce the upper limit that does not allow View other
44
22
(a)
Table (17) : Specifications of the World Health Organization for drinking
water 1984
Property or material Units Higher term allowed
TDS mg/L 1000
Color Color Unit* 15
Transparency measurement bioturbation units** 5
Taste Advisable
Smell Acceptable
Fe mg/L 0.3
Mn mg/L 0.1
Na mg/L 200.0
Total hardness‐causing substances such as mg/L 500
calcium carbonate, calculated
SO4 mg/L 400.0
Cl mg/L 250.0
NO3 mg/L 44.3
Cu mg/L 1.0
Zn mg/L 5.0
Al mg/L 0.2
CN mg/L 0.1
As mg/L 0.05
Cd mg/L 0.005
Cr mg/L 0.05
Pb mg/L 0.05
Hg mg/L 0.001
PH 6.5‐8.5
Faecal Coliform bacteria Number in 100 ml 0
Coliform Bacteria Number in 100 ml <3
*measurement Color units: True Color Units (TCU)
**measurement bioturbation units: Nephelometeric Turbidity Units (NTU) 45
Figure (7)(u) : Potential Operational Desalination

Capacity in MNA Countries, 2006
46
23
Table (18)(u) : Desalination Capacity in MNA (1000 m3/day)
47
Table (19)(a) : Concentration of salts in

seawater
Water Resources Salinity (part of the Million)
Baltic Sea 7000
Black Sea 13000
Adriatic Sea 25000
Pacific Ocean 33600
Indian Ocean 33800
Atlantic Ocean 36000
Mediterranean Sea 39400
Red Sea (Jeddah) 41200
Red Sea (Yanbu) 43200
Arabian Gulf (Al Khafji) 42000
Arabian Gulf (Jubail) 42500
Arabian Gulf (Al Khobar) 58500
48
24
(a)
Table (20) : Proposed Turkey Peace Pipelines
West pipeline Distribution Gulf pipeline Distribution

The site payee m3/day The site payee m3/day
Kuwait 600
Syria 1100
KSA 800
Jordan 600
Bahrain 200
KSA 1500 Qatar 100
Turkey 300 UAE 600

Oman 200
Total 3500
Total 2500
49
References
(a): Water Problem in the Arab Region: Facts and Possible Alternatives. Samer
Mkheimer and Khaled Hijazi,1996
(b): Water Governance in the Arab Region: Managing Scarcity and Securing
the Future, UNDP, 28 November 2013
(c): Development of frameworks to apply National Strategies for Integrated
management of water resources for the ESQUA Countries / ESQUA‐
UN/ Newyork‐2005.
(d): INECO/ Hydrology and Resources in Syria, 2010.
(e): 12/4/2012 Issue 4172 – Date 12 Azzaman International Newspaper
(f): Groundwater Management in Saudi Arabia /Draft Synthesis Report/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/ Rome, 2009.
50
25
(g): Water Sector of Saudi Arabia /By Dr. Mohammed Al‐Saud /Deputy
Minister Water & Electricity of MOWE /Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
/Tunisia 11 December 2010.
(h): Water Resources Information in Yemen/By Qahtan Yehya A.M. Al‐Asbahi/
National Integrated Water Resources Management Program/ Yemen/
IWG‐Env, International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June
20‐22 2005
(j): Groundwater Management in Libya/Draft Synthesis Report Food and
(k): Agricultural Situation Report – LIBYA/ Ahmed Laytimi/
Professor, Department of Animal Production/ Ecole Nationale
d’Agriculture – Meknès, Morocco.
(l): Groundwater Management in Algeria/ Draft Synthesis Report /Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations /Rome, 2009
(m) :Groundwater Management in Morocco/ Draft Synthesis Report/ Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/ Rome, 2009
(n): FAO. Irrigation in Africa in figures: AQUASTAT Survey 2005
51
(o): Management and sustainability of groundwater resources in Bahrain /Waleed K.

Zubari* and Ibrahim J. Lori
(p): The Water Demand Management in the Kingdom of Bahrain / Mohammed Saleh
Al.Ansari /International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology IJEAT/
ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume‐2, Issue‐5, June 2013
(q) :Groundwater Management in UAE/ Draft Synthesis Report/ Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/ Rome, 2009
(r): Groundwater Management in Oman/ Draft Synthesis Report/ Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/ Rome, 2009
(s): Water profile of Egypt/ Published: July 16, 2010, 12:05 pm/ Topic
Editor: Jim Kendell / Source: FAO
(t):Water profile of Sudan/ Published: August 24, 2008/ Topic
Editor: Jim Kendell / Source: FAO/ Topics:Water
(v): Republic of Sudan/Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector/ National
Strategic Plan/(2012 – 2016), December 2011/ Supported by UNICEF
(u): Water in the Arab World/ Management Perspectives and Innovations/
Middle East and North Africa Region/ The World Bank
(w): FAO: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_res/index.stm
(x): Mustafa Dolatyar / Water diplomacy in the Middle East / 2002,
(y): Dr. Mohammad Shatnawi / The legal rights of the riparian states of the
Inernational Rivers/ University of Jordan /Un published paper
52
26
& Exhibition
Role of Mineral Fertilizers in

Promoting Food Security in the
Arab Countries
The 20th. AFA International Annual Fertilizer
Forum (Sharm 25-27 Feb 2014)
Role of Mineral Fertilizers in Promoting

Food Security in the Arab Countries
Dr. Ghassan Hamdallah

EX Sr. FAO Regional Officer

OUTLINE
1. Agriculture Sector in the Arab Region
2. Food Status in the Region
3. Available Land and Water Resources in the
Region
4. Role of Mineral Fertilizers in Fostering
Agricultural Production
5. Why we need to Promote Mineral Fertilizers
6. Conclusions and Recommendations
1
1. Agriculture Sector Contribution to GDP
 In 2005, the Sector contributed 20 to 30% in Syria;
 Between 10 and 20% for Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia,
Egypt, Yemen, Sudan.
 Negligible (<5%) for most Gulf countries, Djibouti, and
Jordan.
 The social aspect of AGRICULTURE in most countries
out-weighs the sector contribution to the GDP.
 Facing non-availability of food in the market (ban on
trade by some producers).
 A food security issue at hand…WHY?

The Population Increase Issue
 In 2000, the world had billion 6.1 and will be 9 in coming 50 years
2
 Average arable land in the Arab Region about 0.12 ha/caput;
down from 0.48 ha in 1960.
 Average Renewable Natural Water 1500 M3/inhab. (JOR 150).
 Almost all available fresh waters have been committed.
 In many countries, 70 per cent of the available fresh water is used
for irrigation (some >90%).
 More than 1 billion people do not have access to drinking water
and 43 developing countries are water-scarce (<500M3/inhab).
 By 2025, population in water-scarce countries could rise to 2.8
billion, representing roughly 30 per cent of the projected global
population.
 Limited land &water resources led some countries to out-of-state
farming (Sudan is a candidate).

3
Forum (Sharm 25-27 Feb 2014
Water withdrawal is increasing (pausing more pressure
on food production). Food security again
C

 Food security; the FAO definition:
 FOUR food security dimensions for all people to have:
food availability, economic and physical access to food,
food utilization and stability over time.
 Food prices increases (2007-08) pushed countries to
emphasize self- reliance for better food security
 Even Gulf Countries started talking about Food Security.
 IFPRI concept of “Food Security is Having the cash to
buy food”. Is it ?
 Current problem now is “Do we have always available
food for sale in the market, even with your cash??”
 MDG No.1. : the eradication of extreme hunger and poverty.
4
Forum (Sharm 25-27 Feb 2014
Food Security Challenges
Why do we need to produce more food per ha?
 The population growth (global population curve);
 Increase of Individual Food (Average Intake from 2,300 calories in
1961 to 2,720 calories in 1990-1992; FAO STAT).
 Shrinking arable lands, due to: desertification, droughts, urban
encroachment, etc.
 Dwindling irrigation water resources, ((more crop per drop)) to be
a strategy not a slogan.
 Bio-fuel produced by US alone was 27.4 million tons in 2012,
(produced from food/feed items). 1 Bushel of corn (56 kg) gives 1
gal of biofuel.
 The Target for 2022 is to produce 60 billion gal of biofuel (US,BR,
IN CH EU)

 Role of Mineral Fertilizers in Fostering Agricultural Production
Vertical expansion is a must
Inputs (fertilizer)
Land Water 55 % of agric. output growth-FAO
Research/Development
Farming (BAP)
More Food (fiat panis)– FAO emblem
5
Food Production/Demand
• The Region was food self- Agricultural commodity demand - and domestic production
growth (WFS goal) 1998 to 2015, % / year
sufficient in the 1960’s. Demand Growth Production Growth
• Food demand is mainly Yemen 4.5 4.1 (5.0)

cereals (wheat is most Jordan 3.5 3.9 (4.1)
consumed).
Iraq 4.7 3.8 (3.8)
Saudi Arabia 3.8 3.4 (3.5)
• Countries of high demand Algeria 2.5 2.7 (2.7)
Libya 2.6 2.7 (2.8)

suffer also from water Syria 2.9 2.4 (2.6)
scarcity (JOR,YEM). Morocco 2.4 2.2 (2.4)

Egypt 2.2 2.1 (2.4)
• These countries have high Lebanon 1.9 2.0 (2.3)
population growth rates. Tunisia 1.7 1.9 (2.0)
• Is this a global concern ?

Yes.
The 20th. AFA The 20th. AFA International

Annual Fertilizer Forum (Sharm 25-27 Feb 2014
Global Food Production/ Population Curve
More Food: How and by Whom?
6
Role of Mineral Fertilizers
Fertilizer is an Essential Input (30% impact on yield)
Normal Borlaug, a prominent agriculturist and a
Nobel Prize winner, addressed a meeting of the
Overseas Development Institute by saying: “some
people say that Africa's food problem can be
solved without the application of chemical
fertilizers; they are dreaming. It is not
possible”.
 How can Mineral Fertilizers help ?
Agronomic Index.

Direct Impact on Crop Yield Increase: The Crop Index
For 1 kg of Crop Results Most frequent range of

evaluated Productivity Index*
(N, P2O5, K2O) Wheat 12,500 4-8
added, there was Rice

Maize
22,800
24,700
8-12
8-12
an increase of Millets 3,400 4-8
yield for all Sorghum 5,600 6-8
cereals by 8-12 kg All cereals 69,000 8-12
Root / Tuber 7,000 32-48

(69,000 experiments Crops
compiled vby FAO) Pulses 5,400 2-5
Oil crops 11,000 4-8
Cotton 7,600 3-6
7
More Food: How and by Whom?
 Increased food demand will require the world’s
farmers to produce 50% more cereals in 2030.
 Only achieved by improving crop yield, which
would require a 30% increase in fertilizer use.
 Increased fertilizer use has to be balanced against
environmental and human health concerns
 Fertilizer accounted for 55% of the rise in
average yields per ha (FAO reports).

Current Fertilizer Rates and how the output can be increased?,
 Regional rate of fertilizer use is 115 kg/ha (2 kg/ha NPK in
Sudan to 390 kg/ha in Egypt).
 If this low rate is raised to 150 kg NPK/ha and applied
over the 30 million ha currently cultivated in the Region;
 Assuming we target cereal crops with Agron Index of 10
kg/ha for each 1 kg of N; then 35 kg/ha fertilizer X10=350
kg of cereals/ha is gained.
 If this gain is extrapolated to the 30 million ha of
cultivated the output is substantial.
8
The 20th. AFA International Annual
Fertilizer Forum (Sharm 25-27 Feb 2014)
Fertilizer Use Rates, Trends and the NPK Balance
The Overall NPK Balance
 The increased use of NPK fertilizers in the N.East
Region (from 0.5 million tons in 1960 to 6.5 million of
nutrients in 2000).
 The fertilizer formulations produced and the timing of
application are not adequate.
 Present ratio of 4:1:0.5; while a more appropriate one
is 5:2:1. Minor elements of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn are seldom
taken into account.
 Liquid and slow-release fertilizers are limited in use.
 Precise rates are rarely adopted, as per crop growth.

The Overall NPK Balance
Regional fertilizer consumption and the annual growth rates (%)
Consumption 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 1991-00
N 12 9 4 3
P2O5 13 10 4 -2
K2O 10 3 5 8
Total fertilizer 12 9 4 2
Million tons nutrients 0.5-1.6 1.6-3.6 3.6-5.5 5.5-6.4
9
The 20th. AFA International Annual
Fertilizer Forum (Sharm 25-27 Feb 2014)
1. Promoting mineral fertilizer use (from its low 115 kg/ha) is a must
to boost food security status in all Arab countries.
2. A Set of Guidelines is called for to ensure the proper formulation
and usage of quality fertilizer types in order to grasp the technical,
environmental, agronomic and economic benefits of fertilizers.
3. Legislation and Governmental Control Acts are called for in order
that Fertilizer Industry and Users all adhere to accepted Standards
of Fertilizes Use with the environmental protection
considerations.
4. Active co-operation and partnership is needed between all
stakeholders, including farming community, research institutions,
international / regional organizations; as well as the Manufacturing
Sector for furthering the goals of efficient and environment-friendly
use of mineral fertilizers.

Conclusions
5. International Organizations/Centers and the Fertilizer
Manufacturers are urged to provide material support to
governmental research/extension systems to spread knowledge on
fertilizer use among farmers.
6. Fertilizer Industry is urged to address the farmers needs specially
New Fertilizers types and formulations such as: completely -
soluble; suspended; complex formulations with Minor
Elements added, etc.
7. International and Regional Fertilizers Associations, like IFA and
AFA are called upon to lead a diligent campaign to show the most
appropriate methodologies for their use, timing, doses and
application methods.
10
& Exhibition
Delegates List
2014 ~ 20th AFA Int'l Annual Fertilizer Forum | Arab Fertilizer Associ... http://afa.com.eg/events/delegate/ID/17
2014 ~ 20th AFA Int'l Annual Fertilizer Forum
# C O U N T RY NAME POSITION C O M PA N Y TELEPHONE FA X E-MAIL
Abdelmalek EPE ASMIDAL

1 Algeria Executive +213 661 32 40 02 +213 38 86 84 48 a_layachi@asmidal-dz.com
LAYACHI SPA
Abdelaziz EPE ASMIDAL

2 Algeria Executive +213 661 32 40 01 +213 38 86 84 48 a_lekouaghet@asmidal-dz.com
LEKOUAGHET SPA
Commercial EPE ASMIDAL

3 Algeria Fadila ZEGHOUMA
Director Spa
Mazouz Commercial
4 Algeria FERTIAL SPA +213 770943478 +213 38539320 mbendjeddou@fertial-dz.com
BENDJEDDOU Manager
A. RAHMAN
5 Bahrain President GPIC +973 39684447 +973 17730873 jawahery@gpic.net
JAWAHERY
Yusuf FAKHROO Human Resources

6 Bahrain GPIC
#22 Manager
Ahmed MAHMOOD Marketing

7 Bahrain GPIC
# 609 Manager
Safety Health &

Jassim DARWISH
8 Bahrain Environment GPIC
#921
Manager
Finance Manager
Adel ABDUL
9 Bahrain & Secretary to the GPIC +973 17733631 +973 17731047 lalmuaili@gpic.net
MALIK # 997
Board
Products Handling
10 Bahrain Yusuf KAMAL #1153 & Export GPIC
superintendent
Marketing
Munther HUSAIN #
11 Bahrain Superintendent GPIC
1157
(Designate)
Omar AL-BASTEKI
12 Bahrain Internal Auditor GPIC
#1339
Recruitment &
Mariam AL
13 Bahrain selection supv. GPIC
MOUSAWI #1473
(Designate)
Area Sales
14 Bahrain Raed AL-MASKATI Haldor Topsoe +973 17550485 +973 17550924 raam@topsoe.dk
Manager
Adnan Ghani Technical Sales

15 Bahrain Johnson Matthey +97317313585 +97317310081 adnan.ghani@matthey.com
ABDULKARIM Manager
16 Belgium Radostin RADEV Purchase Manager Agrium Europe +32 26467000 +32 26466860 radostin.radev@agrium.eu
Senior Director
17 Belgium Luis LEDEZMA Agrium Europe +32 26467000 +32 26466860 luis.ledezma@agrium.eu
International
Commercial SNC-LAVALIN
18 Belgium Quentin OLIVIER +32 2 643 15 11 +32 2 647 74 35 quentin.olivier@snclavalin.com
Director sa/nv
SNC-LAVALIN
19 Belgium Samir AIT-OUALI Project Director +32 2 643 15 11 +32 2 647 74 35 samir.ait-ouali@snclavalin.com
sa/nv
Marketing TESSENDERLO
20 Belgium Nicolas WHITE +33 664024130 +33 26391713 nicolas.white@tessenderlo.com
Director Fertilizers Group
21 Canada Robert JOLY President CEES - Shale Gas +1 418 2546533 rjoly@bell.net
Int'l Business Forbon Technology

22 China Jinwei SONG +86 13971459055 +86 2759007992 kevin.song@forbon.com
Director Co.
Vice General Forbon Technology

23 China Tony FENG +86 130071159999 fjwei@forbon.com
Manager Co.
MIDGulf
24 Cyprus Ra'ad AL-HMOUD Director +962 79 6507041 +962 656 98219 rdajani@midgulfgroup.com
International Ltd.
MIDGulf
25 Cyprus Rebhi DAJANI Trader +962 79 650 7041 +962 65 698219 rdajani@midgulfgroup.com
International Ltd.
Area Sales
26 Denmark Ayten WAGNER Haldor Topsoe +45 45272000 +4545272999 Ayyw@topsoe.dk
Manager
27 Denmark Yousef ZAGHI Sales Manager Haldor Topsoe +45 45272000 +45 45272999 youz@topsoe.dk
1 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Saad ABOU Abu Qir Fertilizers

28 Egypt Chairman & CEO +203 5603030 +203 5603032 Chairman@abuqir.com
ELMAATY Company (AFC)
Head Sector,
Meshal M. Abu Qir Fertilizers
29 Egypt Shipping and
AL-AGHA Company (AFC)
Transportation
Asst. Chairman - Abu Qir Fertilizers

30 Egypt Mahmoud SALEH
Electricity Company (AFC)
Mohamed H. Vice Head Abu Qir Fertilizers

31 Egypt
MABROUK Sectors- Marketing Company (AFC)
Head Sector, N Abu Qir Fertilizers

32 Egypt Gaber SHEHATA
Production Company (AFC)
Hossam Eddine GM Urea Abu Qir Fertilizers

33 Egypt
GABER Production Company (AFC)
Bassam ABDEL GM P Abu Qir Fertilizers

34 Egypt
AZIZ Maintenance Company (AFC)
Khaled ABDEL GM Urea Abu Qir Fertilizers

35 Egypt
FATTAH Maintenance Company (AFC)
Tamer ABDEL Abu Qir Fertilizers

36 Egypt Manager, Export
MONIEM Company (AFC)
DY Head Sector, Abu Qir Fertilizers

37 Egypt Ibrahim MOMTAZ
Production Company (AFC)
Head Sectors, Abu Qir Fertilizers

38 Egypt Saeed ZAMZAM
Finance Company (AFC)
Head Sectors, Abu Qir Fertilizers

39 Egypt Mahmoud ROSHDI
Adminstration Company (AFC)
Ahmed GM Customer Abu Qir Fertilizers

40 Egypt
AL-DAFRAWI Services Company (AFC)
GM Public Abu Qir Fertilizers

41 Egypt Mohamed H. HOSNI
Relations Company (AFC)
Specialist - Public Abu Qir Fertilizers

42 Egypt Mohamed FARAG
Relations Company (AFC)
Head Sectors,
Ahmed A. ABDEL Abu Qir Fertilizers
43 Egypt Utilities
HAMID Company (AFC)
Maintenance
Mohamed M. Head Sectors, Abu Qir Fertilizers

44 Egypt
KHALIL Marketing Company (AFC)
Abu Qir Fertilizers

45 Egypt Salama RAMADAN General Manager
Company (AFC)
Manager,
Abu Qir Fertilizers
46 Egypt Mohamed KAMAL Ammonia
Company (AFC)
Operation
Manager,
Abu Qir Fertilizers
47 Egypt Alaa FARRAG Ammonia
Company (AFC)
Operation
Engineer,
Abu Qir Fertilizers
48 Egypt Mostafa ISMAIL Ammonia
Company (AFC)
Operation
Maintenance Abu Qir Fertilizers

49 Egypt Ahmed ABDEL AZIZ
Manager Company (AFC)
Abu Zaabal
Chairman and
50 Egypt Sherif EL-GABALY Fertilizer & +202 23921121 +202 23921177 sherif@elgabaly.com
Managing Director
Chemical Company
Abu Zaabal
Abdel Salam
51 Egypt Vice Chairman Fertilizer & +202 23921121 +202 23921177 abdelsalam@elgabaly.com
EL-GABALY
Chemical Company
Abu Zaabal
52 Egypt Nafea FAHMI Manaing Director Fertilizer & +202 23921121 +202 23921177 nafee@elsafa-eg.com
Chemical Company
Abu Zaabal
53 Egypt Fathy RATEB Fertilizer &
Chemical Company
Abu Zaabal
54 Egypt Mohamed ZAKARIA Fertilizer & +2 02 3921121 +2 02 392 1177
Chemical Company
2 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Abu Zaabal
55 Egypt Mahmoud KHATAB Fertilizer &
Chemical Company
Finance &
Mohamed
56 Egypt Adminstration AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
SHABOURY
Manager
Mohamed Mahmoud
57 Egypt Studies Manager AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
ALI
Manager,
58 Egypt Mushira MOHARAM Publishing & Doc. AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
Section
Manager,
59 Egypt Wael MAZEN Admistration AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
Section
Head, Economic
60 Egypt Yasser KHAIRY AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
Section
61 Egypt Mazen GHONIEM Head Section, IT AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
Head, Executive
62 Egypt Marwa MOHSEN AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
Secretary Section
Executive
63 Egypt Ghada ABU ZAID AFA +202 23054465 +202 23054466 info@afa.com.eg
Secretary
Al-AHRAM
64 Egypt Mohamed GHANEM
Newspaper
Al-Alamia For
Owner of
65 Egypt Salah ABO DONKOL Fertilizers & Agric. +201222145051 +2033584919 untrade@mist-net.com
Company
Requirements
Osama
66 Egypt Chairman ALEXFERT +203 5603231 +203 5603230 chairman@alexfert.com
EL-GANAYNI
67 Egypt Khaled EL-SAYED Managing Director ALEXFERT +203 5603022 +203 5603230 khaled.elsayed@alexfert.com
Manager, Finance
68 Egypt Masoud AL-SAWY ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
& HR
Human Resource
69 Egypt Hussien HAMED ALEXFERT Hussein.hamad@alexfert.com
Manager
Manager,
70 Egypt Nasser FAWZI Ammonia ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
Maintenance
Wael Marketing
71 Egypt ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 marketing@alexfert.com
AL-BESHBESHI Manager
Mohamed Y.
72 Egypt HSE Manager ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
MANSOUR
Asst. Manager,
73 Egypt Mohamed HASSAN ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 markeing@alexfert.com
Marketing
Assit. Manager, A
74 Egypt Ahmed SAAD ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
S Plant
Head Ammonia
75 Egypt Sherif AL-NIMER ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
Shift
76 Egypt Islam MAHMOUD Engineer ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
77 Egypt Mohamed NAFADY Accountant ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
Marketing
78 Egypt Nader HEGAZY ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
Specialist
Marketing
79 Egypt Mostafa MOHAMED ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603771 info@alexfert.com
Specialist
80 Egypt Waleed KHATTAB HR Specialist ALEXFERT +203 5603775 +203 5603230 waleed.khattab@alexfert.com
Mohamed ABDEL Purchase

81 Egypt ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
AZIZ Specialist
Public Relations
82 Egypt Ahmed EL-SAKA ALEXFERT +2035603775 +2035603230
Manager
Utilities,
83 Egypt Samir EL-SALAHI ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
Consultant
Ahmed Ibrahim Head, Ammonia

84 Egypt ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
MOHAMED Shift
3 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
85 Egypt Ibrahim AL-ABYAD Chem. Lab ALEXFERT +203 5603771 +203 5603230 info@alexfert.com
86 Egypt Abeer SHAMS Managing Director AMEROPA AG +201005338968 +202 26162725 ashams@ameropa-egy.com
87 Egypt Yahia MASHALY Chairman CIHC
88 Egypt Ayman HAFEZ CIHC
89 Egypt Bahaa ZAGHLOL CIHC
Azza ABU
90 Egypt CIHC
EL-FARAG
91 Egypt Fatma AL-MASHAD CIHC
92 Egypt Hanaa MAZHAR CIHC
93 Egypt Selim M. AHMED CIHC
94 Egypt Alaedin ABBAS Managing Director COME +201223163965 +203 5522311 alaedin.abbas@comeconsult.com
Control Union
95 Egypt Ibrahim YOUNIS Managing Director +203 4205999 +201068831512 iyounis@controlunion.com
Egypt
Head of Mineral Control Union

96 Egypt Mohamed KAREM +2034205999 +201023310309 mkarem@controlunion.com
Dept. Egypt
97 Egypt Ayman MAGHRABY CEO Direct logistic Co 01020500504 0229200042 ceo@directlogistic.com
Assistant
98 Egypt Mohamed MAARUF Commercial EBIC +20 127 1100 112 +202 24612010 mohamed.maarouf@ebic.net
Director
Commercial
99 Egypt Hany KAMAL EBIC/SORFERT +201287000018 +202 24612010 hany.kamal@ebic.com
Director
100 Egypt Aly EL SAYAD Chairman EFIC +202 23928651 +202 23938578 sfie@sfie.com.eg
Abdel Aal EL
101 Egypt Managing Director EFIC +202 23928651 +202 23938578 sfie@sfie.com.eg
BANNA
Head Sector,
Hassan EL
102 Egypt Admin. EFIC +202 23928651 +202 23938578 sfie@sfie@.com.eg
HASSAWY
Development
Head Sectors,
103 Egypt Mohamed ENANY EFIC +202 23928651 +202 23938578 measfie@yahoo.com
Plants
Sales Section Egyptian Fertilizer

104 Egypt Mohamed ELIAN +201226533372 +202 24619441 mohamed.elian@orascomci.com
Head Co. (EFC)
Commercial
105 Egypt Basel EL-GUINDY EHC +201008999455 +202 33444776 basel.elguindy@ehc.net
Manager
El Delta Co. for

Mohamed A. Chairman &
106 Egypt Fertilizers &
NASSER Managing Director
Chemical Industries
Chairman and El Nasr Mining

107 Egypt Nageh ABDEL AAL +201282300092 +202 37625118-9 elnasrmining@elnasrmining.com
Managing Director Company
Chief of
Ahmed ABDEL El Nasr Mining
108 Egypt Commercial +202 37625116 +202 37625118-9 ahsatar@yahoo.com
SATAR Company
Sector
Roshdy Ahmed Cheif of Financial El Nasr Mining

109 Egypt +201111801851 +202 37625118-9 roshdy2055@yahoo.com
EMARA Sector Company
Mohamed
110 Egypt Chairman Evergrow +201220001862 +201228880573 info@evergrowfert.com
EL-KHESHEN
Abdel Azim
111 Egypt Managing Director Evergrow +201220001862 +201228880573 info@evergrowfert.com
EL-ABASY
Adel ABDEL
112 Egypt Consultant Evergrow +201220001862 +201228880573 info@evergrowfert.com
KHALK
Gamal EL-DIN
113 Egypt Managing Director Evergrow +201228880573 +201228880573 info@evergrowfert.com
EL-KHESHEN
Fertilizer Producers
114 Egypt Ahmed EL GAYAR Chairman +201223939443 +203 4242523 info@fpa.com.eg
Association Egypt
Fertilizer Producers
115 Egypt Rida EL NAHRAWY +203 4242523 +203 4242523 r.nahrawy@bio-egypt.com
Association Egypt
Executive Fertilizer Producers

116 Egypt Shafik EL-ASHRY +20122323249 +203 4242523 shafikalashry@yahoo.com
Manager Association Egypt
4 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
117 Egypt Ali M. GHONIEM Guest
118 Egypt Fouad HAGRASS Chairman Hagrpota +201222118275 +202 25745634 hagrpota@gmail.com
Hagrpota For
119 Egypt Ahmed HAGRASS General Manager +201222116108 +202 24196649 hagrpota@hagrpota.com
Import & Export
Mohamed Adel Chairman & Helwan Fertilizers

120 Egypt +201004616177 hfc01@hfcegypt.com
AL-DANAF Managing Director Co.
Mohamed EL Helwan Fertilizers

121 Egypt Sales Manager +201005372795 sales@hfc-egypt.com
TAHAN Co.
Maintenance Helwan Fertilizers

122 Egypt Mohamed AFIFY +202 29739032 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Manager Co.
Helwan Fertilizers
123 Egypt Mentias HANA Account Manager +201223511964 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Co.
Helwan Fertilizers
124 Egypt Gamal IBRAHIM Manager +201008915169 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Co.
Mechanical Helwan Fertilizers

125 Egypt Ibrahim AL-ASAWI +202 29739032 hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Maintenance Co.
Mohamed Head, Ammonia Helwan Fertilizers

126 Egypt +202 29739032 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
EL-SAYED Shift Co.
Helwan Fertilizers
127 Egypt Omar HAFEZ Lab. +202 29739032 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Co.
Helwan Fertilizers
128 Egypt Mohamed SABRY Industrial Security +202 29739032 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Co.
Ahmed Helwan Fertilizers

129 Egypt Urea DCS +202 29739032 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
AL-GOHARY Co.
Ahmed ABO Helwan Fertilizers

130 Egypt Ammonia DCS +202 29739032 hfc01@hfcegypt.com
AL-FADL Co.
Helwan Fertilizers
131 Egypt Mohamed RABEA Sales +201025550580 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Co.
Helwan Fertilizers
132 Egypt Hany ABDEL AZIZ Devices +202 29739032 Hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Co.
Helwan Fertilizers
133 Egypt Sherif ALI Mechanics +202 2979032 hfc01@hfcegypt.com
Co.
Manager Plant
134 Egypt Ebram ESKANDER ITOCHU +2 0122 464 7222 +2 02 24619608 ebram@itochuegy.ie-eg.com
Project
Dept. Marketing
135 Egypt Tarek HAROUN JMC (Egypt) +202 27358953 +202 27368783 tarek.neiazy@encotrof.com
Manager
Chairman &
136 Egypt Eid EL-HOUT KIMA +2097 2314500 +2097 2314505 info@kimaegypt.com
Managing Director
Gamal Ismail Technical -

137 Egypt KIMA +20972314500 +20972314505 info@kimaegypt.com
MOHAMED Managing Director
Head Sectors,
138 Egypt Sayed HEMDAN KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
Finance
Head Sectors,
139 Egypt Ahmed ABDEL AZIZ KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
Labs
Head Sectors,
140 Egypt Mohamed MOSTAFA KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
Hydrogen
Consultant - Cairo
141 Egypt Mohmed WAGIH KIMA +202 25743197 +202 25771239 m.wagih@kimaegypt.com
Office
Mahmoud Mohamed
142 Egypt GM, Security KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
ALI
Abu EL-Qassem GM, Public

143 Egypt KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
HUSSIEN Relations
GM - Ammonia &
144 Egypt Ahmed Al-GHARIB KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
Gas Maintenance
145 Egypt Ahmed MAHMOUD GM KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
146 Egypt Hussien MOSTAFA GM KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
Abdel Khaliq SAAD

147 Egypt GM KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
EL-DIN
5 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
148 Egypt Fathi MAHMOUD Account Manager KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
Ahmed Mamdouh
149 Egypt Electricity KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
SAFWAT
Neveen W.
150 Egypt Export Manager KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
AL-MAATY
151 Egypt Ahmed MOSA Electricity KIMA info@kimaegypt.com
152 Egypt Atef HASSAN Journalist Merger Market +201223230717 +201223230717 atef.hassan@mergermarket.com
Ayman Head Sector, Land Ministry of

153 Egypt
AL-MAADAWY Reclamation Agriculture
Abdel Hamid Head Sector, Ministry of

154 Egypt
SHEHATA Services Agriculture
Head Sectors, Ministry of

155 Egypt Salah HELAL
Associations Agriculture
Ministry of
156 Egypt Mohy Head Sector
Agriculture
Chairman &
157 Egypt Adel FADEL MISRFERT +201001569758 +203 7493258 adel.fadel@misrfert.com
Managing Director
Abdel Nasser Liquid Fertilizer Modern Agriculture

158 Egypt +201110332990 +2045 3628282 a.hemaya@picoagriculture.com
HEMAYA Plant Manager Co. PICO
Mokhtar Group -
159 Egypt Farouk MOKHTAR
MGS EGYPT
Mokhtar Group -
160 Egypt Ahmed MOUKHTAR Chairman +201222186996 +203 4241433 moukhtar@mgs-egypt.com
MGS EGYPT
Mokhtar Group -
161 Egypt Ashraf F. MOKHTAR
MGS EGYPT
Hassan ABDEL
162 Egypt Chairman & CEO MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 ceo@mopco-eg.com
ALIM
163 Egypt Adel EL-MAHDY Vice President MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 vp3@mopco-eg.com
Chief Production
164 Egypt Alaa EL SEWEFY MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 cpo@mopco-eg.com
Officer
GM, Sales,
Abdel Hamid EL
165 Egypt Marketin & MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 smsgmgr@mopco-eg.com
SAHHAR
Shipping
Sales & Marketing

166 Egypt AL-Hussien NABIL MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 hnabil@mopco-eg.com
Sector Manager
Maintenance
167 Egypt Ahmed ISMAIL MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 instmgr@mopco-eg.com
Sector Manager
Ammonia
168 Egypt Ahmed SAMIR Production Sector MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 amutp3mgr@mopco-eg.com
Manager
Urea Production
169 Egypt Waleed EL FAHAM MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 ureap2mgr@mopco-eg.com
Sector Manager
Board & Media

170 Egypt Mahmoud ABBADY MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 boardnmediagmgr@mopco-eg.com
General Manager
Media Sector
171 Egypt Ashraf EL SAMMAK MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 followupmgr@mopco-eg.com
Manager
Chief Financial
172 Egypt Ashraf OKASHA MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181
Officer
Ahmed Samy
173 Egypt Chief PR Officer MOPCO
GAWDAT
Ahmed ABDEL Marketing

174 Egypt MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 ahmed.abdelghanny@mopco-eg.com
GHANY Specialist
Mohamed Marketing
175 Egypt MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 m.elkashef@mopco-eg.com
EL-KASHEF Specialist
Mohamed ABDEL Marketing

176 Egypt MOPCO +202 26731184 +202 26731181 m.enara@mopco-eg.com
HAMID Specialist
Magdy Hassan ABOU

177 Egypt MOPCO
EL KHIER
Mohamed Maysara
178 Egypt MOPCO
MOUSSA
6 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Essam Helmy EZZ

179 Egypt MOPCO
EL-DIN
Hatem
180 Egypt MOPCO
ABD-ELNABY
181 Egypt Saeed Gad EL-HAQ MOPCO
Mokhtar ABDEL Chairman

182 Egypt NCIC
LATIF Managing Director
183 Egypt Hisham FEKRY NCIC
184 Egypt Ahmed SAMIR NCIC
Khaled ABD
185 Egypt NCIC
EL-MAGED
186 Egypt Mohamed ADEL NCIC
187 Egypt Hesham KHALIFA OCI Fertilizers +201221724294 +202 24611024 hesham.yehia@orascomci.com
Head of Int'l /
188 Egypt Nada RADI OCI Fertilizers +201226826668 +202 24611897 nada.radi@orascomci.com
Sales & Planning
189 Egypt Mohamed ZAKY Chairman OPAL +2 02 38357894 +201002186080 m.zaky@opaleg.com
Marketing
190 Egypt Yasser AMER OPAL +2 010 68110202 +2 02 3837 6654 y.opal@opaleg.com
Manager
Khalid Al-Ghazaly Chairman and

191 Egypt Phosphate Misr Co.
HARB Managing Director
Consultant -
192 Egypt Mohamed SADEK Phosphate Misr Co.
Development
GM, Planning &

193 Egypt Arabi SAAD Phosphate Misr Co.
Follow up
Abdel Rahman
194 Egypt GM, Site Phosphate Misr Co.
AHMED
Mahmoud Amin GM, Research &

195 Egypt Phosphate Misr Co.
HEBISH Marketing
196 Egypt Nagy RAGAB GM, Finance Phosphate Misr Co.
197 Egypt Ahmed BAKR MG, Technical Phosphate Misr Co.
198 Egypt Ahmed YOUSSEF GM, Production Phosphate Misr Co.
GM, Public
199 Egypt Ahmed ASLAN Phosphate Misr Co.
Relations
200 Egypt Mohamed ATWAH Site Manager Phosphate Misr Co.
Marketing
201 Egypt Shady ASLAN Phosphate Misr Co. +202 01004790005 +202 25171018 shady.aslan@phosphatemisr.com
Supervisor
202 Egypt Islam FATHI Marketing Officer Phosphate Misr Co.
203 Egypt Dina FOUAD Technical Support Sandvik +201066682390 +202 23641469 dina@cairointernational.net
Ibrahim
204 Egypt Managing Director Sea Service +2 010 2222 5515 +2 03 424 8228 info@seaservicecom.net
EL-TOHAMY
205 Egypt Mohamed SWIDAN Financial Manager Sea Service +2 01222 433 777 +2 03 4248 228 m.swidan490@yaho.com
Mohamed Kamal Chairman &

206 Egypt SEMADCO
Eddine NASSER Managing Director
Mohamed H. Technical
207 Egypt SEMADCO
AL-DESOKY Managing Director
Ahmed G. Consultant (A)

208 Egypt SEMADCO
KHESSAM Economic Sectors
209 Egypt Hassan ABU BAKR Consultant (A) SEMADCO
210 Egypt Mohamed E. ISLAM Head Sector, Lab SEMADCO
211 Egypt Mohamed MOSTAFA Head Sector, HSE SEMADCO
Head Sector,
Ahmed ABDEL
212 Egypt Uitilities SEMADCO
LATIF
Maintenance
Head Sector,
213 Egypt Mohamed HELAL SEMADCO
Finance
7 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Head Sector,
214 Egypt Salem ISSA SEMADCO
Commercial
Consultant (B)
215 Egypt Mohamed YOUSSEF Commercial SEMADCO
Sector
216 Egypt Wael ABDEL AZIZ MG Production SEMADCO
Head Section,
217 Egypt Ahmed MOSTAFA SEMADCO
Production
GM Ammonia
218 Egypt Mohsen MAHMOUD SEMADCO
Production
Consultant (B)
219 Egypt Mohamed HAMDY Technical SEMADCO
Follow-up Sector
Abdel Salam Minerals Business

220 Egypt SGS Egypt +201000053055 +203 5832810 abdelsalam.kassem@sgs.com
KASSEM Manager
Product Support TRAGENCY

221 Egypt Islam EL NAGGAR +201206377004 +202 26233272 islam.el-naggar@mes1891.com
Executive Middle East
Business
TRAGENCY
222 Egypt Soha RASHED Development +201001439015 +202 26233272 soha.rashed@mes1981.com
Middle East
Manager
President Middle
223 Egypt Khalil ITANI TRAMMO +2 02 2266 4922 +2 02 2267 1978 khalil.itani@trammo.com
East
Trader Regional
224 Egypt Jihad KARAM TRAMMO +2 0122 216 6273 +2 02 2267 1978 jihad.karam@trammo.com
manager
225 Egypt Abdel Rauf SAMIR Manager Traffic TRAMMO +2 0100 1800 713 +2 02 2266 4922 abdelraouf.samir@trammo.com
Senior Sales Uhde Engineering

226 Egypt Ayman EL-MOGHLY +201017601223 +202 22662881 ayman.el-moghly@thyssenkrupp.com
Manager Egypt S.A.E
Moataz Project Manager Uhde Engineering

227 Egypt +201099327471 +202 22662881 moataz.elrashidy@thyssenkrupp.com
EL-RASHIDY Sales Egypt S.A.E
Uhde Engineering
228 Egypt Ayah EL-DIFRAWY Sales Assistant +202 22662885 +202 22662881 ayah.el-difrawy@thyssenkrupp.com
Egypt S.A.E
Business
Uhde Engineering
229 Egypt Ibrahim SAMY Development +201002522889 promotrade@promotrade.com
Egypt S.A.E
Director
230 Egypt Tarek ZAMZAM Managing Director WAMFERT +201001720792 +202 27011654 tarek@elwahaeg.com
Strategy &
Business
231 Egypt Hisham REFAAT WAQUD +201001666506 +202-26190274 hisham.refaat@waqud.com
Development
Manager
Sherif ABU EL
232 Egypt General Manager WENCOM Ltd. +201006664959 +202 22909808 sherif.enein@wencom-ltd.com
ENEIN
Mohamed Worms Alexandria

233 Egypt General Manager +201223199156 +2034876361 cpt.hammouda@wormsalx.com
HAMMOUDA Cargo Services
Worms Alexandria
234 Egypt Marcel LOUIS Manager +203 4865572 +203 4876361 edp@wormsalx.com
Cargo Services
Worms Alexandria
235 Egypt Hanaa ANDRAWS
Cargo Services
Chairman of Yara Agri Trade

236 Egypt Assem DOSS +201006681788 +202 25193775 assem.doss@yara.com
Board Misr
Managing Yara Agri Trade

237 Egypt Gamal AZIZ +201001620420 +202 25193744 gamal.aziz@yara.com
Manager Misr
ArrMaz Chemicals
238 France Franck MAIRET Sales Manager +33 613794065 +33 147922316 fmairet@arrmaz.com
sas
Fertilizers Sales ENSIVAL MORET 57 Avenue du

239 France Franck BOURILLON +33 2 47 88 31 38 fbo@em-pumps.com
Manager Int'l Danemark
Charlotte
240 France Director General IFA +33 1 53930510 +33 1 53930547 chebebrand@fertilizer.org
HEBEBRAND
Director,
Michel
241 France Production & IFA +33 1530513 +33 1530545/47 MPRUDHOMME@fertilizer.org
PRUD'HOMME
International Trade
242 France Ahmed GALAL Sales Agent POITTEMILL +33 625914448 +33 321572820 ah_galal64@yahoo.com
8 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
AREA TRADE UNIFERT PARIS

243 France Monique CLEMENT +322 642 21 04 +322 642 25 07 unifert.cl@skynet.be
MANAGER OFFICE
Executive
244 Germany Stefan STOCKFISCH Helm AG +49 1724021540 +49 4023751845 s.stockfisch@helmag.com
Manager Urea
Authorized
245 Germany Sami JAOUSI Helm AG +962 777100033 jayousi@nol.com.jo
Representative
Sandvik Sales
246 Germany Michael NASHED +201222196425 +202 23641469 michael.nashed@cairointernational.net
Representative
Giovanni DEL
247 Greece Chairman Indagro SA +302108925500 +302108925501 athens@indagro.com
CONTE
Teodoro DEL
248 Greece Director Indagro SA +302108925500 +302108925501 athens@indagro.com
CONTE
Sotirios
249 Greece Director Indagro SA +302108925500 +302108925501 athens@indagro.com
THEOCHAROPOUIS
Hamza Marketing
250 India CIFC PVT LTD. +91 11 23708110 +91 11 23708119 coastel@vsnl.com
RAHIMTULA Manager
251 India Avdhesh MATHUR President & CEO NAQ Global
252 India Prakash MATHUR General Manager NAQ Global +91 9983040008 +91 141 4015450 biz.dev@naqglobal.com
Suman SR Manager
253 India NAQ Global +91 9830019888 +91 1414015450 indiamktg@naqglobal.com
BHATTACHARJEE Technical
Mithlesh K.
254 India Director Operation Neelam Aqua Ltd. +91 9829069545 +91 1412460081 mkmathur@neelamaqua.com
MATHUR
Marketing
255 India Kiran BALA Neelam Aqua Ltd. +91 7727007795 +91 141 2460081 support@neelamaqua.com
Manager
Mohamed Ministry of Industry

256 Iraq Deputy Minister +964 790191101 mdalanii@yahoo.com
ABDALLAH & Minerals
Ministry of Industry
257 Iraq Abdel Qader AWAD
& Minerals
Mishraq Sulphur
258 Iraq Saad Amin FAISAL Director General +9747703333780 mshrakebrt@yahoo.com
State Co.
Mohamed ABDEL Mishraq Sulphur

259 Iraq
FATTAH State Co.
State Co. For

260 Iraq Feza Zedan KHALAF GM
Phosphate
State Co. For

261 Iraq Muslim ABED Account Manager
Phosphate
State Co. For

262 Iraq Hamoud ASWAD
Phosphate
Thaer ABDEl State Co. For

263 Iraq
QADER Phosphate
State Co. of
Ibrahim Abbas
264 Iraq Director General Fertilizer Industry / +964 7704618800 ibrahim_sama2006@yahoo.com
TOAMA
Northern Area
Abdul Muteleb State Co. of

265 Iraq General Manager
HAMDAWE Southern Fert.
State Co. of
266 Iraq Rafid JABBAR Process, Advisor
Southern Fert.
State Co. of
267 Iraq Monther AHMED Electric Manager
Southern Fert.
State Co. of
268 Iraq Yousif JABER
Southern Fert.
State Co. of
269 Iraq Mufeed SALEH Manager
Southern Fert.
State Co. of
270 Iraq Abdulsalam JABER Technical Manager
Southern Fert.
271 Iraq Ali ZAHER GM Tarek State Co.
Marco Sales and project

272 Italy BEDESCH SPA +39 0497663100 +39 0498848006 elena.marcato@bedeschi.com
BERTORELLE Managar
Giovanni
273 Italy President & CEO ESCOFERT SRL +39 336537572 +390636002009 barouchell@escofertroma.com
BAROUCHELL
9 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
+39
274 Italy Edoardo BALDIN Area Manager IMECO +39 3407521264 baldin@imeco.org
03721874050
Jamal Al Chairman of the Arab Potash

275 Jordan +962 798333888 +962 6 5651248 jamal.sarayrah@Arabpotash.com
SARAYRAH Board Company (APC)
Arab Potash
276 Jordan Brent HEIMANN General Manager +962 6 5200 520 +962 6 5673105 Brent.h@arabpotash.com
Company (APC)
Deputy General
Arab Potash
277 Jordan Jafar SALEM Manager +962 6 5200 520 +962 6 5673105 jafar.s@arabpotash.com
Company (APC)
Marketing
Deputy General Arab Potash

278 Jordan Rod McEACHERN +962 777111152 rod.m@arabpotash.com
Manager/Technical Company (APC)
Arab Potash
279 Jordan Rashid LUBANI Manager of Sales +962 6 5200 520 +962 6 5673105 Rashid.L@arabpotash.com
Company (APC)
Loacal & Regional Arab Potash

280 Jordan Mosa HOBRAG +962 6 5200 520 +962 6 5673105 mosa.h@arabpotash.com
Sales Manager Company (APC)
Marketing
Arab Potash
281 Jordan Bashar MALAHMEH Operations +962 6 5200 520 +962 6 5673105 bashar.m@arabpotash.com
Company (APC)
Manager
Arab Potash
282 Jordan Jamal AMIRA Technical Manager +962 777111152 jamal.amira@arabpotash.com
Company (APC)
Arab Potash
283 Jordan Walid ATRASH Travel Coordinator +962 775482282 walid.a@Arabpotash.com
Company (APC)
Chairman Office Arab Potash

284 Jordan Ghadeer QASSEM +962 6 5200501 +962 6 5651248 ghadeer.q@arabpotash.com
Manager Company (APC)
Sales Arab Potash

285 Jordan Ahlam MASRI +962 6 5200520 +962 6 5673105 ahlam.m@arabpotash.com
Representative Company (APC)
External Relations Arab Potash

286 Jordan Tania ABBADI +962 65200520 +962 65673105 tania.a@arabpotash.com
Manager Company (APC)
Arab Potash
287 Jordan Raha ALMAJALI
Company (APC)
Chemical and
288 Jordan Bassam FAKHOURI Managing Director Mining Industries +962 795532988 +962 6 5336110 manager.cmi@gmail.com
Co.
Chemical and
Member Board of
289 Jordan Iyad AL AZAB Mining Industries +962 795111975 +962 6 5336110 iyad.cmi@gmail.com
Directors
Co.
Middle East
290 Jordan Hussam DERANIEH CHS 00962 79 5525445 00962 6 5413353 Hussam.Deranieh@chsinc.com
Regional Manager
Ex FAO Senior
Ghassan
291 Jordan FAO Soils & Fert. +962 799088415 ghassan.hamdallah@gmail.com
HAMDALLAH
Reg. Officer
Abdel Karim Indo- Jordan

292 Jordan Chairman +96265512872 +96265512871 mdoffice@ijcltd.com
AL-MALAHMEH Chemicals Co.
Ibrahim Indo- Jordan

293 Jordan General Manager +96265512872 +96265512871 mdoffice@ijcltd.com
ALRAWASHDEH Chemicals Co.
ME Consulting
294 Jordan Munir RUSAN IPNI +962 795573970 +962 2 7201078 mrusan@just.edu.jo
Director
Executive Jordan Global

295 Jordan Raed ELMANASEER +962 77 5177771 +962 6 5532821 raed.manaseer@jgsaco.com
Manager Shipping Agencies
Jordan Valley
296 Jordan Essam ALKHATIB CEO Chemicals & +962 6 5690101 +962 6 5690102 khatib@jovalley.com
Fertilizers
297 Jordan Shafik ASHKAR CEO JPMC +962 65697795 +962 65652917 ceo@jpmc.com.jo
Executive
298 Jordan Eid WELIDATE JPMC 00962796605537 +96232017004 eid.welidate@jpmc.com.jo
Manager
Marketing
299 Jordan Jamal ALSAD JPMC +962795777641 +96265627813 jamaljarah@jpmc.com.jo
Research Manager
Prof. of Soil
300 Jordan Anwar BATTIKHI JUST +962 797307721 a.battikhi@ju.edu.jo
Physics
301 Jordan Bassam ZOUMOT General Manager KEMAPCO +962795250011 +96264601995 bassam.zoumot@kemapco.com
Export & Logistics

302 Jordan Saed AL MUBIDEEN KEMAPCO +962797313495 +96264601995 saed.mubideen@kemapco.com
Specialist
10 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Export & Logistics

303 Jordan Abla SBEIHAT KEMAPCO +962797449522 +96232017181 abla.sbeihat@kemapco.com
Specialist
Nippon Jordan
304 Jordan Ali ABABNEH Plant Manager 00962-795556249 00962-3-2017104 ali20@njfc-jo.com
Fertilizer Co.
Orient Shipping Co.

305 Jordan Walid ABUHASSAN Executive Director +962 79 5527683 +962 6 4651567 walidabuhassan@yahoo.com
Ltd
Abdullah Deputy
306 Kuwait PIC +965 990710805 +965 23261530 abdullah_alswailem@pic.com.kw
ALSWAILEM CEO-Fertilizers
Technical
307 Kuwait Ahmad AL MULLA PIC +965 23852161 +965 23261530 ahmad_almulla@pic.com.kw
Services, Manager
Safety Health &

308 Kuwait Salem AL-AZMI Enviromental PIC +965 99741072 +965 23262002 salem_alazmi@pic.com.kw
Manager
Analysis &
309 Kuwait Salah JASEM Business Planning PIC +965 99756304 +962 23211588 salah_rashed@pic.com.kw
Team Leader
Team Leader -
310 Kuwait Rasheed ALAJMI PIC +965 97218668 +965 23260075 rasheed_alajmi@pic.com.kw
Export
Team Leader Sales

Fahad
311 Kuwait Support & PIC +965 94063966 +965 23851508 fahad_alkandari@pic.com.kw
AL-KANDARY
Chartering
Coordination &
312 Kuwait Salim AL-AJMI Follow Up Team PIC +965 99646434 +965 23261530 salim_alajmi@pic.com.kw
Leader
313 Kuwait Jamal ALMASOUD Lab team Leader PIC +965 97 205 250 +965 232 6270 jamal_almasoud@pic.com.kt
Chairman & Lebanon Chemicals

314 Lebanon Elias SKAFF +961 3257100 +961 1580423 lcc@inco.com.lb
General Manager Co.
315 Lebanon XOL XOL Automation
Director Raw
Jamal Eddine Material
316 Morocco OCP Group +212 661 145765 +212 522 998305 je.bensari@ocpgroup.ma
BENSARI Procurements &
Freight
Youssef Marketing
317 Morocco OCP Group +212661652703 +212522230635 Y.BOUSLIKHANE@OCPGROUP.MA
BOUSLIKHANE Manager
Sales Director-
318 Morocco Khalid SEBTI South & East OCP Group +212661507131 +212522230635 k.sebti@ocpgroup.ma
Europe
319 Morocco Abdelhak KABBABI OCP Group A.KABBABI@ocpgroup.ma
320 Morocco Abdelaali KOSSIR OCP Group a.kossir@ocpgroup.ma
321 Netherlands Martyn NILLESEN OCI Nitrogen +31 467020203 +31 464528615 enny.nelissen@ocinitrogen.com
322 Netherlands Patrick END Trader Oxbow Coal B.V. +31104419200 +31104360692 Paulette.Kloppers@oxbow.com
323 Netherlands Pejman DJAVDAN CEO Stamicarbon bv +31464237030 +31464237001 pejman.Djavdan@stamicarbon.com
Mechanical
324 Netherlands MEHLKOP Services & Stamicarbon bv
Solutions Manager
Process After
325 Netherlands Oostveen Stamicarbon bv
Sales Engineer
Chatham Rock
326 New Zealand Najib MOUTIA Vice President +1 5149630006 najib.consulting@gmail.com
Phosphate Ltd.
GM Corporate
327 Oman Hamed AL-HASHMI OMIFCO +968 25532222 +968 25532598 h.hashmi@omifco.com
Affairs
Mohammed AL
328 Oman HSE Manager OMIFCO masrori@omifco.com
MASRORI
Chief Executive & FAUJI Fertilizer Co.

329 Pakistan Naeem LODHI +92 51 111332111 +92 518458831 secretary@ffc.com.pk
Managing Director Ltd.
Chaudhry Mahmood Manager FAUJI Fertilizer Co.

330 Pakistan +92 321 6915130 +92 915271162 mahmoud_atique@ffc.com.pk
ATIQUE Marketing (Sales) Ltd.
Staff Officer to FAUJI Fertilizer Co.

331 Pakistan Abdul Majid LODHI +92 3334344002 +92 51 8458821 majid_lodhi@ffc.com.pk
MD Ltd.
Vice Chairman & Qatar Fertiliser

332 Qatar Khalifa SOWAIDI +974 44779779 +974 44772266 ksowaidi@qafco.com.qa
CEO Company (QAFCO)
11 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Dty. Technical
Rinat NIIK (R&D
333 Russia Director for +78313264088 anderzhanov@niik.ru
ANDERZHANOV Institute of Urea)
Innovations
Aleksandr Chief Process NIIK (R&D

334 Russia +78313264088 prokopev@niik.ru
PROKOPIEV Engineer Institute of Urea)
International NIIK (R&D

335 Russia Danil SAFONOV +7 9875300769 sdf@niik.ru
Affairs Manager Institute of Urea)
Fertilizers Factory
336 Saudi Arabia Subhi ALBTANUNI Executive Director 00966144290111 00966144290333 subhi73@gmail.com
& Processing.
Ayman AL
337 Saudi Arabia Sr. Sales Executive MAADEN +966 11 8748335 +966 11 8748329 othmana@maaden.com.sa
UTHMAN
Manager-
338 Saudi Arabia Anas AL-BASSAM MAADEN +966 118748334 +966 118748329 bassama@maaden.com.sa
Logistics & Doc.
Sr. Marketing &

339 Saudi Arabia Ahmad AL-SHAIKH MAADEN +966 118748482 +966 118748329 shaikhaa@maaden.com.sa
Research
Ibrahim Director of Quality MAADEN

340 Saudi Arabia +966 555042694 Shuraifi@mpc.maaden.com.sa
AL-SHURAIFI Management Phosphate Co.
Executive Vice
341 Saudi Arabia Khaled AL-MANA President, SABIC +966 11 2258 555 +966 2559080 almana@sabic.com
Fertilizer SBU
GM, Ammonia &

Ahmed
342 Saudi Arabia Phosphate B.U, SABIC +966 505906709 +966 11 2259176 AhmedMQ@SABIC.com
AL-QAHTANI #9247
Fertilizer
Director, Business
Management
Saleh AL-HUMAIDI (Ammonia),
343 Saudi Arabia SABIC +966 500601053 +966 11 2259176 alhumaidis@SABIC.com
#2485 Ammonia &
Phosphates -
Fertilizers
Sr. Sales
Executive,
Mazen I. AL-FAWAZ
344 Saudi Arabia International SABIC +966 504399441 +966 112259176 AlfawazMI@sabic.com
#27075
Sales, Ammonia &
Phosphate BU
Sales Account
Mansour
345 Saudi Arabia Manager, Fertilizer SABIC +966 504803968 +966 11 2259176 MALMUTAIRY@SABIC.com
AL-MUTAIRY #2428
BU
Director,
Ahmed BIN EID International
346 Saudi Arabia SABIC +966 555194367 +966 112259257 AhmedBE@SABIC.com
#21503 Sales, Urea ,
Fertilizer SBU
Abdulaziz A. BIN Product Executive,

347 Saudi Arabia SABIC +966 554181898 +966 112259257 BinSalamahAA@SABIC.com
SALAMAH #42252 Fertilizers SBU
Yousef Director, Business

348 Saudi Arabia AL-DAKHEEL Management SABIC +966 555212073 +966 112259257 YALDAKHEEL@SABIC.com
#2359 (Urea)
Scientist,
Ahmed Saeed
349 Saudi Arabia Technology SABIC dajam@sabic.com
DAJAM #24313
Management
Business Analyst,
Sultan M
Econ & Business
350 Saudi Arabia AL-KHOMSHI SABIC +966 556406661 +966 11 2259000 KhomshiSM@SABIC.com
Support,
#29575
Fertilizers SBU
Phosphate
351 Saudi Arabia Bassam AL-NAJDI SABIC +966 1 2259261 +966 1 2259176 alnajdiB@sabic.com
Business Manager
Market
Intelligence +966 11 225
352 Saudi Arabia Khalid AL-MOGBIL SABIC +966 11 225 9296 KhalidMM@SABIC.com
Manager, Urea 9257
Marketing
Fertilizer Tech.
353 Saudia Arabia Atalla ALSERHAN General Manager +966114159829 +966114938712 mstr_green@yahoo.com
Factory Co.ltd
CFI holding Pte.

354 Singapore Mahmoud AZIZA Director +33 2 99 54 07 73 +33 2 99 54 0773 aleveque@cfiholding.com
Ltd. (CFIh)
SHAMOON
355 SUDAN Mahadi SHAMOON General Manager +249912304738 +249183766459 shamoonfertilizers@gmail.com
AGRIC. SERVICES
Commercial SHAMOON
356 SUDAN Mohsin REKAB +249912605580 +249183766459 shamoonfrtilizers@gmail.com
Manager AGRIC. SERVICES
12 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Zagros Trading
357 Sudan Mohamed ELJACK General Manager +249 155132192 +249 183773381 eljack.mohamed@gmail.com
Enterprises
358 Switzerland Jamal AWARTANI Director Indagro SA +302108925500 +302108925501 athens@indagro.com
Commercial
359 Switzerland Ahmet KEYMAN KEYTRADE AG +41 447878080 +41 447878095 a.keyman@keytrade.ch
Director
Commercial
360 Switzerland Raoul MEIER KEYTRADE AG +41 447878080 +41 447878095 raoul.meier@keytrade.ch
Director
Juan Manuel Vice President

361 Switzerland KEYTRADE AG +41 44 7878080 +41 447878095 manuel.gonzalez@keytrade.ch
GONZALES Trading
Marino
362 Switzerland Trader Mekatrade Asia +41225920500 +41223199330 mekatrade.geneva@mekatrade.com
HADZOPOULOS
QUANTUM
363 Switzerland Tony MILES Vice President +41 78 718 3533 +41 21 647 7046 TONY@QUANTUMFERTILISER.COM
FERTILISERS LTD
364 Switzerland Ruslan GALIULLIN TRAMMO +41 58 4511 560
365 Tunisia Ali MHIRI Chairman AL-KIMIA
366 Tunisia Marouane MOUNIR Lab Manager AL-KIMIA
Mohamed Aymen Production

367 Tunisia AL-KIMIA
MARZOUKI Manager
368 Tunisia Abdelmajid DINARI CPG
Mohamed Nejib
369 Tunisia Chairman & CEO CPG/GCT
MRABET
Abderrazek Commercial
370 Tunisia CPG/GCT
WANNESSI General Manager
371 Tunisia Hedi BENSALEM Consultant CPG/GCT
372 Tunisia Lassaad MEKKI Sales Manager ME CPG/GCT
373 Tunisia Anouar SOUGUIR Consultant CPG/GCT
374 Tunisia Hedhili KEFI Chairman GRANUPHOS +216 71 797623 +216 71 782988 kefi.h@granuphos.com.tn
Mohammed Deputy General

375 Tunisia GRANUPHOS
KHARRAT Manager
376 Tunisia Najib BOURAOUI Guest
Deputy Technical
377 Tunisia Hedi FAKHFEKH TIFERT +216 98365524 fakhfakh.hedi@tifert.com.tn
General Manager
378 Tunisia Fouad AL ALWANI TIFERT
379 Turkey Esin METE Chairwoman TOROS TARIM AS +90 2123570190 +90 2123570188 esin.mete@toros.com.tr
Abu Dhabi National

Ahmed AL Sulphur Sales
380 UAE Oil Company +971 2 6664207 +971 2 6658289 asmalmansoori@adnoc.ae
MANSOORI Coordinator
(ADNOC)
Abu Dhabi National

Mohamed AL Supply
381 UAE OIl Company +971 2 6023840 +971 2 6658289 mahlmazrouei@adnoc.ae
MAZROUEI Coordinator
(ADNOC)
Blue Gulf Trading

382 UAE Afif AUF Chairman +201144440306 +20222412032 afif.egypt@bluegulftrading.com
FZE
Mohamed Rashid
383 UAE CEO FERTIL +971 26021133 +971 26021155 m.rashid@fertil.com
Al-Rashid
Sr. Vice President

384 UAE Ayoub AL-ZAROONI FERTIL +971 26021170
- Commercial
Abdel Qawi Public Relation

385 UAE FERTIL +971 2 6026 843 +971 2 6026 800 a.qawi@fertil.com
AL-JUNAIBI Section Head
Public Relations
386 UAE Naser AL QUBAISI FERTIL +971 2 6021128 q.naser@fertil.com
Officer
Sales Admin
387 UAE Hasan Al REMEITHI FERTIL +971 5051161144 +971 26786259 D.hasan@fertil.com
Manager
Marketing
388 UAE Sawsan AL KOURI FERTIL +971 506630313 +971 26786259 k.sawsan@fertil.com
Research Manager
Sr. Coordinator
389 UAE Saeed Al SHEHHI FERTIL +971 506211990 +971 26786259 marketing@fertil.com
Int'l Sales
13 of 14 16/02/2014 12:27 PM
Suhail AL Sales Admin

390 UAE FERTIL +971 504417144 +971 26786259 marketing@fertil.com
KATHEERI Coordinator
Moataz Sales Manager

391 UAE KBR +971566038707 +97143327310 moataz.elmekawy@kbr.com
EL-MEKAWY MEA
Assistant Regional
392 UAE Khaled El KAYAR SANDVIK +971 505578457 +971 4 3647201 khaled.elkayar@sandvik.com
Manager
Sanmit International
393 UAE Sanjeev GUPTA Director +971 504278568 +971 4 3679396 sanjeev.rai.gupta@sanmit.net
FZE
Vice President&
394 UAE Tareq DAJANI TRANSAMMONIA
general Manager
395 UK Julian HILTON Chairman Aleff Group +44 7949633484 +44 2075158842 jhilton@aleffgroup.com
396 UK Mike NASH Editor Argus FMB +44 7415115538 mike.nash@argusmedia.com
397 UK Carl ROACHE Editor Argus FMB +44 2071995696 +44 8708684042 carl.roache@argusmedia.com
Business
398 UK Mounir HALIM Development - Argus Media +44 7740409641 mounir.halim@argusmedia.com
Fertilisers
Editor - Fertilizer
399 UK Mark EVANS BCInsight Ltd. +44 2077932564 +44 2077932577 mark.evans@bcinsight.com
Internationl
Leader Nitrogen
400 UK Alistair WALLACE CRU +44 7807989714 +44 2078334973 alistair.wallace@crugroup.com
Analysis Team
Director of
401 UK Barrie BAIN Fertilizer FERTECON +44 2075519792 barrie.bain@fertecon.com
Intelligence
Henrique
402 UK Account Manager ICIS +44 7789778860 henrique.santiago@icis.com
SANTIAGO
Antonella Commercial +44 20 86522

403 UK ICIS +44 77 9989 5082 antonella.harrison@icis.com
HARRISON Director Fertilizers 265
Deepika +44 20 8652

404 UK Markets Editor ICIS +44 788 7821 583 deepika.thapliyal@icis.com
THAPLIYAL 3332
Lead Nitrogen Integer Research

405 UK Laura CROSS +44 796 783 0517 +442075031266 laura.cross@integer-research.com
Analyst Ltd.
Head of Integer Research monica.bianchi-baker@integer-

406 UK Monica BAKER +44 7971103407 +44 2075031266
Publications Ltd. research.com
Ammonia
407 UK Trevor NURSE Technology KBR 00 44 1372 866822 + 97143327310 trevor.nurse@kbr.com
Consultant
Energy &
Chemicals
Dimitrios
408 UK Consulting: NEXANT +44 7720084875 ddimitriou@nexant.com
DIMITRIOU
Europe, Africa &
ME
Nikolay Business Forum

409 Ukraine Project Manager +37259482330 +380567943394 n.kovalenko@b-forum.ru
KOVALENKO Ltd.
Eugene
410 Ukraine Editor Chem-Courier +380979211130 +380563701204 e.bilichenko@chem-courier.ru
BILICHENKO
Sales
411 Ukraine Iryna PANCHENKO Chem-Courier +38 0966 160409 i.panchenko@chem-courier.ru
Dept.specialist
Director, Southeast
412 USA Steve PHILLIPS IPNI +1 2565299932 sphillips@ipni.net
United States
413 USA Terry ROBERTS President IPNI +1 770-447-0335 +1 4045389484 troberts@ipni.net
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20th AFA Annual Fertilizer Forum

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

Tuesday: Feb 25th, 2014

13:00 I- Forum Inauguration

II- Keynote Speakers:

IV- AFA 2013 Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Award

14:30 Networking Lunch

DAY 2: Wednesday: Feb 26th, 2014

10:00 – 12:00 - Session I

1- Shale Gas Revolution & Its Impact in Fertilizer Industry

2- The Impact of Changing Global Gas Resources on the Fertilizer Market

3- Shale Gas Perspectives for the Next Years

4- Global Ammonia/Urea Trends- Focus on the Middle East

12:00 Coffee Break Networking

Chairperson: Dr. Julian Hilton

1- Global Fertilizer Short-term Outlook with a focus on China

2- Global Outlook for Nitrogen Fertilizer Markets (2014-18)

3- Regionalisation vs Globalisation – the Changing Nature of the International DAP/MAP Market

14:30 Networking Lunch

20:30 Gala Dinner

DAY 3: Thursday: Feb 27th , 2014

10:00 – 12:00 - Session III

Chairperson: Dr. Ghassan Hamdallah

4- Role of Mineral Fertilizers in Promoting Food Security in the Arab Countries

12:30 Closing Remarks

13:30 Networking Lunch

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

Engagement with Membres

Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 25-27 February 2014

Engagement with Members and Associations

 The ‘4R concept, science based nutrient

Fertilizer Demand: Outlook for Key Agricultural Regions

 More efficient workplaces = increased productivity

AFA’s Strategic Importance

AFA is a strong partner, which under

plays a key has shown has not shied away

AFA is a strong partner, which under

 Gypsum is a mineral that occurs

INFORMATION Sheila Keino skeino@afap-partnership.org

1. Promote fertilizers’ vital benefits to the world

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

Shale Gas Revolution &

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

The Impact of Changing

Feb., 25-27-2014 Sharm El-Sheikh , Egypt Savoy Hotel & Resort

Shale Gas Perspectives for

Due mainly to lack of social acceptance

Supported by some 73 environmental, social

Final report and all studies available on

Increase for global energy demand

Natural gas contribution

Shale gas contribution

Canada, Australia, China, India, Indonesia,

Asia and United States beeing more active areas

The USA could become a net exporting country.

Global Gas Prices U.S. gas prices have decoupled from

Global Coal Reserves Syngas based ammonia and urea production

Global Ammonia Consumption by Application In 2012, ca. 55 percent of ammonia was

Global Urea Consumption by Application Fertilizer applications dominate.

Global Ammonia Capacity Development In 2013, the global installed ammonia