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Bengal Mbbs 2023: 1. Head Neck Face
Bengal Mbbs 2023: 1. Head Neck Face
0 ANATOMY
3
3. Dangerous area of face* 4. Right & Left Subclavian artery**
4. Orbicularis oculi & its antagonist
2
5. Lacrimal Apparatus
Cranial Cavity
0
6.Venous drainage of face 1. Cavernous sinus***
2. Straight sinus*
2
Side of Neck 3. Falx cerebri
1. Deep cervical fascia** 4. Enumerate dural venous sinuses
S
2. Posterior Triangle of neck
3. Sternocleidomastoid - Nerve supply,actions Contents of the orbit
B
Anterior Triangles of Neck 1. Extra-ocular muscles***
B
2. Ciliary ganglion
1. Carotid Triangle & Carotid sheath***
3. Oculomotor nerve**
M
2. Digastric triangle**
3. Branches of External carotid artery*
4. Anastomosis between internal & external Mouth & Pharynx
L
carotid* 1.Palatine tonsil
2.Muscles of pharynx
A
5.Ansa cervicalis*
G
Back of the neck Nose,Paranasal Sinuses
N
1.Suboccipital triangle 1. Nasal septum***
2. Lateral wall of nose***
E
Parotid Gland**** 3. Maxillary air sinus
B
1.External features 4. Sphenoidal air sinus
2. Relations Larynx
3. Histology
-Cartilages
4. Nerve supply
-Muscles & their actions*
5. Lymph drainage
-Applied
6. Applied
-Movements of Vocal cords**
3
Fornix of brain
Cranial Ner ves
2
1.Mesencephalic nucleus of Trigeminal N.**
Anterior horn of lateral ventricle
0
2. Glossopharyngeal Nerve*
2
3. Facial Nerve** Cerebrum,Diencephalon,Basal nuclei &
Brainstem white matter
S
1. T.S of Medulla 1.Corpus callosum***
2.Superolateral surface of cerebrum***
B
-Pyramidal decussation***
-Sensory decussation* -Sulci & gyri -functional areas
B
-mid olivary nucleus* -blood supply -applied anatomy
3.Classify white matter of cerebrum with
M
2. T.S of Midbrain
-Superior colliculus examples & describe Internal capsule**
-Inferior colliculus 4.Corpus striatum
L
3.Facial colliculus* -Components,connections,functions
4.Medial medullary syndrome**
A
5. T.S of Pons - facial colliculus level**
G
6. Describe Midbrain -gross anat,blood supply Olivary group of nuclei*
N
7.Describe Pons - gross,internal structure, Visual pathway
applied
E
Auditory pathway
Cerebellum
B
1.Inferior cerebellar peduncle*** Blood supply of Brain & Spinal Cord
2. Describe cerebellum 1.Circle of Willis***
-Lobes
-Connections
-Histology**
-Blood supply
3. Upper Limb
Pectoral region The Axilla
1.Clavipectoral fascia** 1. Axillary group of lymph nodes*
2.Mammary gland **** 2. Axillary artery*
-Blood supply,lymphatic drainage 3. Typical intercostal space *
-Applied anatomy 4. Brachial plexus*
3.Serratus anterior* 5. Erb’s Palsy & Erb’s Point**
6. Klumpke’s Palsy*
Scapular region Joints of upper limb
1.Quandrangular space * 1.Sternoclavicular Joint
2.Triangular space 2.Pronation & supination**
3.Deltoid muscle* 3.Shoulder Joint****
4.Rotator cuff of shoulder joint** -Movements -relations -stabilizers
-classification -blood supply
The Forearm & Hand
3
-applied
1.Carpal tunnel syndrome**
2
4.Elbow joint
2.Ulnar Nerve*
0
3.Superficial palmar arch Spaces of HAND
2
4.Claw hand* -Mid palmar space
5.Anatomical snuff box*
S
6.Flexor retinaculum
B
The Arm
B
1.Cubital fossa***
M
2.Biceps brachii*
3.Radial Nerve**
L
4.Musculocutaneous Nerve*
5.Wrist drop**
A
©RAJ BHOSLE
6.Median Nerve*
NG
4.Thorax
E
Diaphragm - openings**
B
Walls of thorax Pericardium and Heart
1. Coronary sinus**
1.Azygous vein** 2. Left coronary artery**
2.Typical intercostal nerve* 3. Atrial septal defect*
4. Interior of right atrium,development*
The lungs 5.Arterial & venous drainage of heart **
1.Bronchopulmonary segments*** 6. Coronary blood circulation
2. Root of Right & Left lung* Superior vena cava*
3. Right lung -Mediastinal relations
-formation,tributaries
BPS,histology
Arch of aorta****
Mediastinum Thoracic duct ***
1.Define mediastinum,classify* Thoracic part of oesophagus
2.Posterior & anterior mediastinum* Thoracic part of trachea
3.Superior mediastinum*
4.Development of arch of aorta*
Structures supplied by phrenic ner ve
5. LOWER LIMB
Front of Thigh Back of leg
1.Femoral Triangle 1.Popliteus muscle****
-femoral sheath*** 2. Soleus muscle*
-femoral canal** 3. Gastrocnemius muscle**
4.Tibialis posterior*
3
-femoral hernia*
2. Femoral artery*
2
3. Sartorius** Venous Drainage
0
4. Adductor/Hunter/subsartorial canal*** 1.Varicose veins**
2
5. Femoral nerve 2.Long saphenous vein***
6. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes* 3.Great saphenous vein*
4.Venous drainage of lower limb**
S
Medial side of Thigh
B
1.Obturator nerve* Joints of Lower Limb
B
1.Inversion & eversion of foot***
2.Adductor magnus*
2.Knee Joint **
M
3.Housemaid’s knee*
Gluteal region 4.Hip Joint *
5.Intra articular surface of knee joint
L
1.Gluteus medius
2.Structures under cover of gluteus maximus* 6.Ankle joint
A
3.Trendelenberg test*
G
Arches of Foot***
N
Popliteal Fossa***
1.Medial Longitudinal arch
E
-boundaries,contents,applied -Factors maintaining*
B
-popliteal artery** 2.Lateral Longitudinal arch
-common peroneal nerve
-foot drop*
Back of thigh
1.Sciatic nerve****
2.Flexor of Knee joint*
3.Hamstring muscles
Single * : The question appeared at least once in the past few years
6.Abdomen & PELVIS
Sacral canal Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
-Gross,Histology,applied*
Anterior abdominal wall -Gall Bladder*
1.Rectus sheath**
3
2.Inguinal Canal** Spleen,Pancreas & Liver
3.Inguinal Hernia 1.Spleen -gross,histology,functions*
2
4.Contents of spermatic cord* 2.Liver -Ligaments,blood supply*
0
5.Structures passing through Deep & 3.Head of pancreas -development***
superficial inguinal ring*
2
4.Pancreas (full)
6.Clinical importance of umbilicus*
7.Caput medusae*
8.Transpyloric plane Kidney -**relations,congenital anomalies
S
Ureters
B
Male genital organ
B
1.Blood testis barrier*
2.Testis***
Suprarenal gland**-
M
histology,development,blood supply,applied
-Gross -histology -developement
-descent -applied
L
Diaphragm* -attachment,openings,blood
A
Abdominal cavity & peritoneum & nerve supply,applied
G
1.Lesser omentum***
2.Lesser sac Posterior Abdominal Wall
N
3.Epiploic foramen*
1.Quadratus Lumborum*
E
2.Inferior vena cava -**tributaries &
Abdominal part of Oesophagus &
B
development
stomach
1. Stomach bed*** The Perineum
2. Stomach -****Blood supply, histology, 1.Superficial Perineal pouch*
lymphatic,development, 2.Ischiorectal fossa***
Applied,relations 3.Pudendal/Alcock’s canal*
4.Perineal body*
The Intestine
1.Mcburney’s point* Urinary Bladder & Urethra
2.Appendix*** 1.Urinary Bladder -**Relations,interior
3.Meckel’s diverticulum* Arterial,venous supply,ligaments
4.Root of mesentry 2.Female urethra*
5.2nd part of duodenum*** 3.Male urethra*
3
5.Uterine tube -gross,development*
2
Anal canal & Rectum
0
1.Anal canal -***gross,interior,development
2
Applied,blood supply
S
7. GENERAL ANATOMY
B
Skeleton Genetics
B
1. Blood supply of long bone* 1.Barr body*
M
2. Karyotyping***
2. Sesamoid bone 3. Kleinfelter syndrome*
3. Epiphysis**
L
4. Turner syndrome
5. Lyon’s Hypothesis
A
Joints 6.X linked recessive - pedigree characteristics
G
1.Types of cartilagenous joints**
N
2.Pivot joint
E
3.Synovial joints
B
4.Symphysis
5.Sutures*
Note :You can follow the old bhalani for embryology & histology imp topics.
Multiple * : The question was asked quite frequently in the past years
This pdf contains most of the MUHS previous year questions and is
made with reference from Unique’s Companion.
Physiology
1. General Physiology
1.Define homeostasis.**
2.Negative & positive feedback mechanism
-compare
3
3.Various transport mechanism across cell membrane*
4.Osmosis
2
5.Active transport*
0
6.Facilitated diffusion*
2
7.Na-K Pump -importance
8.Resting membrane potential -ionic basis of RMP
S
2.NERVE MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
B B
Action potential of Ner ve Molecular basis of Skeletal
M
1.Draw & label nerve action potential muscle contraction
-ionic basis,genesis,phases of AP* -sliding filament theory**
2.Well labelled diagram of neuron
L
-rigor mortis
A
Propagation of Impulse
G
Skeletal muscle
1.Saltatory conduction*
N
1. Compare and contract
2.Properties of nerve fibres* -red & white muscle fibre
E
3.Factors affecting nerve conduction velocity* -isotonic & isometric contraction*
B
4.Classification of nerve fibres 2.Motor unit*
3.Refractory period
Neuromuscular transmission 4.Factors regulating force of
1. Draw & label NMJ,describe various events skeletal muscle contraction*
at NMJ -clinical importance***
2.Myasthenia gravis -cause,treatment*
3.End plate potential -genesis
3
-Factors regulating 2.Role of platelets in coagulation
2
-Stages 3.Purpura & its causes
0
2.Erythropoietin 4.Define hemostasis
-mechanism of any 1 common anti-
2
Anaemia & Polycythemia coagulant used in clinical practice*
1.Classify types of anaemia*
S
-describe iron deficiency anaemia Blood groups
B
2.Megaloblastic anaemia -treatment 1.Landsteiner’s Law*
3.Nutritional anaemia
B
2.Mismatched blood transfusion**
3.Erythroblastosis foetalis*
M
White blood cells 4.Rhesus factor
1.Morphology,classification & functions 5.Various blood grouping systems
L
Of WBCs.
2.Leucopoiesis -note
A
3.Life cycle of WBCs
NG
Immunity & Allergy
E
1.Define & classify immunity**
-role of different T cells
B
2.CD4 Cells
3.Enumerate function of T lymphocytes, *relevance of HIV infection to T
lymphocyte function
4.Primary & secondary immune respone *—role in vaccination
5.Humoral immunity*
4. CVS
Properties of cardiac muscle* Short term regulation of
-enumerate* arterial blood pressure
-why heart muscle cannot be tetanised 1.Define bp -factors determining**
-ionic basis of autorhythmicity in SA node 2.Bainbridge Reflex
3
3.Baroreceptor mechanism**
Conduction of cardiac impulse 4.CNS ishaemic response*
2
1.Role of AV Node & Purkinje fibres 5.Mean bp -various short term
0
2.Origin & spread of cardiac impulse mechanisms regulating bp.**
2
3.Heart block -types,explain AV Nodal block**
S
1.Draw & label various waves in ECG lead II* arterial blood pressure
B
2.Describe normal ecg,how its recorded.** 1.Renin-angiotensin mechanism*
B
3.Classify & describe leads used in ECG 2.Role of JGA in regulation of bp*
4.Significance of P-R interval 3.Explain long term regulation**
M
Cardiac cycle*** Coronary circulation
L
1.Describe Phases of cardiac cycle* -peculiarities/features**
-Pressure & volume changes occuring during
A
-factors regulating
cardiac cycle -applied physiology
G
2.Ejection fraction* 1. Angina pectoris*
N
3.Note on Heart sounds* 2. Myocardial infarction -
E
*enumerate ecg changes in
Cardiac output & venous return infarction
B
1.Define cardiac output,factors affecting** 3. Cardiorespiratory changes
-method for measurement in man(Fick principle) during exercise *
2.Factors controlling venous return*
3.Factors affecting stroke volume *
4.Define -cardiac index Circulatory shock
1.Define & Classify *
shock,physiological basis of
Hemodynamics treatment
1.Poiseuille’s law -significance 2.Stages of shock
2.Peripheral resistance 3.Describe hypovolemic shock**
5.Respiratory system
Mechanics of breathing Carbon dioxide transport***
1. Lung compliance -factors affecting* 1.Describe CO2 transport
2. Surfactant - functions & applied RDS* 2.Haldane effect
3. Dead space -method of measuring it
4. Describe mechanics of respiration
3
Chemical regulation of respiration
5. Explain work of breathing** 1.Peripheral chemoreceptors*
2
6. Muscles of respiration 2.Tubuloglomerular feedback
0
7. Note on obstructive lung disease* 3.Respiratory acidosis & alkalosis*
2
4.Describe chemical regulation**
Lung volume and capacities 5.Note on Kussmaul breathing*
1. Describe various lung volumes &
S
capacities
Neural regulation of respiration
B
2. Functional residual capacity
-describe**
B
Pulmonary ventilation * 1.Herring breuer reflex
M
Note on positive pressure breathing 2.Ondine’s curse
3.Periodic breathing*
Pulmonary circulation
L
Ventilation perfusion ratio*
Respiration in unusual environment
A
Diffusion of gases 1.What is acclimatization*
G
1. Describe various layers of respiratory 2.Cardiorespiratory changes due to
N
membrane- factors affecting gaseous acclimatization at high altitudes*
E
exchange** 3.Acute mountain sickness
B
Oxygen transport *** Cyanosis
1. Oxygen haemoglobin curve Dyspnea
-role of 2,3-BPG Asphyxia
-p50 value & right/left shift
2. Note on Bohr effect
3.Def ine & classify hypoxia
4.Describe oxygen debt
5.Explain method of Oxygen transport
6.Exercise Physiology
1.Cardiorespiratory changes during moderate
exercise**
2.VO2 Max*
7.Renal Physiology
Functional anatomy of kidney Role of JGA in regulation of blood
1.Juxta glomerular apparatus -functions pressure*
-well labelled diagram***
Role of kidney in regulation of pH
Renal Flow
3
Of body fluids
1.Define GFR -dynamics,factors***
2
Affecting,methods of measuring GFR
Blood buffers
0
2.Tubuloglomerular feedback &
2
Glomerulo-tubular balance Micturition
-Innervation of urinary bladder
Tubular function -micturition relfex***
S
1.PCT* -abnormalities
B
2.Transport maximum.* -cystometrography
B
3.Mechanism of glucose reabsorption -atonic bladder
In renal tubules**
M
4.Inulin clearance
5.Urea clearance
L
6.Functions of DCT*
A
Urine formation
G
1.Counter current mechanism**
N
2.Describe in detail handling of water
And sodium by kidney
E
3.Milieu interior, role of kidney in
B
Maintaining osmolarity of body fluid
8. GIT
Salivary glands & secretion Exocrine pancreas
1.Functions & composition of saliva* 1. Functionas,composition &
2.Regulation of saliva secretion* Regulation of pancreatic juice*
2.Note on CCK-PZ
Gastric secretions
1.Mechanism of HCL secretion**** Functions of Liver
2.Functions of HCL 1.Function & composition of bile salts*
3.Peptic ulcer -etiology & treatment** 2.Regulation of biliary secretion
4.Various gastrointestinal hormones* 3.Emptying of gall bladder
5.Compostion of gastric secretion &
4.Various functions of liver
Regulation*
GI motility
1.Deglutition-define,stages*
2.Movements of small intestine*
3.Movements of large intestine*
4.Defecation reflex**
5.Gastric emptying
6.Regulation of GI Motility*
3
7.Deglutition reflex*
8.Peristaltic rush
2
9.Achalasia cardia*
2 0
9.Endocrine system
S
Anterior pituitary & hypothalamus Adrenal cortex
B
1.Growth hormone -mechanism of 1.Enumerate hormones of adrenal
B
Action,regulation,applied*** cortex.
2.Dwarfism ,Gigantism,acromegaly* 2.Aldosterone -functions,regulation
M
3.Enumerate hormones of Anterior pituitary* 3.Cushing’s syndrome*
4.Physiological actions of
L
Posterior pituitary glucocorticoids*
A
1.ADH -role,factors stimulating secretion,
Regulation* Endocrine pancreas
G
2. Physiological basis of diabetes insipidus*
1.Difference between diabetes
N
3. Functions of oxytocin
mellitus & insipidus**
E
2.Insulin functions
Thyroid gland
B
3.Physiological basis of polyuria in
1.Thyroid hormone -synthesis,regulation diabetes
-Functions of thyroid hormone***
2.Cretinism*
3.Hyperthyroidism note*
4.Physiological basis of anti thyroid drugs
5.Differences between pituitary & thyroid
Dwarf
Calcium homeostasis
1.Function & regulation of parathyroid hormone*
2.What is Tetany? Name & explain signs of tetany
-treatment**
3.Describe regulation of calcium level in body.**
4.Note on osteoporosis
5.Note on rickets
10.Reproductive system
Testosterone Describe functions of placenta
1.Spermatogenesis -stages,factors -enumerate hormones secreted by
Regulating (hormonal)*** placenta
2.Actions of testosterone Physiology of lactation
3
Female physiology before Pregnancy Parturition,role of oxytocin.
2
1.Define ovulation,mechanism,indicators*
0
2.Contraception methods**
2
-oral contraceptives (action)
3.Define menstrual cycle,various phases
with hormonal regulation**
S
4.Cyclic changes in uterus during
B
reproductive life
M B
11.Central nervous system
L
Synapse Pain & Temperature
A
1.Properties of synapse* 1. Compare Fast & slow pain*
2.Presynaptic inhibition -advantage* 2.Transmission of pain through*
G
3.Synaptic transmission neospinothalamic Pathway
N
4.Occlusion & subliminal fringe 3.Descending pain inhibiting system
E
4.Different types of pain,Referred pain-
Sensory receptors
B
examples,***
1.Enumerate different types of 5.Basis of Phantom limb*
Sensory receptors,* 6.Analgesia system of brain*
2.Properties of receptors* 7.Thalamic syndrome
Pyramidal tract
Somato-sensory pathways -Origin,course,termination,applied**
1.Enumerate various ascending tracts* -Note on Upper motor neuron lesion
2.Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway -Differentiate between UMN & LMN
-origin,course,termination,applied** lesion*
3.Functions of Tract of Gall & Burdach
3
-Functions & connections Learning & memory
2
-cerebellar ataxia 1.Wernicke’s area
0
2.Define aphasia*, difference between
Basal ganglia*
2
sensory & motor aphasia*
-Functions & connections 3.Alzhimer’s disease
-Note on Parkinson’s disease 4.Define & classify memory,mechanisms
S
of memory*
B
Hypothalamus*
B
-functions
M
12.Special senses
Taste & smell Eye
L
1.Taste bud 1.Accomodation -reflex pathway***
A
2.Pathway of taste sensation* 2.Note on presbyopia
G
3.Neural pathway for smell sensation* 3.Errors of refraction*
N
Hearing -myopia,astigmatism
4.Argyl robertson pupil & its basis
E
1.Describe structure of Organ of corti**
B
2.Functions of middle ear**
3.Causes of conductive deafness -tests Retina
for it* 1.Dark adaptation**-curve,significance
4.Attenuation & significance* 2.Photochemistry of vision*
5.Mechanism of hearing ,note on pitch 3.Color vision*
Discrimination, impedance matching 4.Theories of color vision & color
mechanism** blindness
3
3.Conjugation* 2.Glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis*
4.Important aminotransferases -regulation
2
5.Isoelectric pH 3.Glycogen storage diseases**
0
6.Functional & nutritional classification 4.Glycolytic pathway in RBCs*
2
Of proteins* 5.TCA Cycle & its energetics
6.Gluconeogenesis *
7.Rapaport Leubering cycle**
S
Enzymes -siginificance
B
1.Diagnostic enzymes in cardiac 8.Cori’s cycle -importance
B
Diseases**
2.Isoenzymes -diagnostic importance***
M
-with suitable examples
Lipid metabolism
3.Coenzyme 1.Beta oxidation of fatty acid**
L
4.Enzyme inhibition* -energetics
2.Enumerate ketone bodies*
A
-Competitive & Non competitive
5.Define activation energy* -formation & fate
G
-Formation of ES Complex with diagram -Note on ketosis*
N
6.Classification of enzymes* 3.de novo synthesis of FAs*
E
4.Fatty liver**
5.Lipotropic factors*
B
Carbohydrates
1.Glycosaminoglycans & significance**** Cholesterol & Lipoproteins
2.Biomedical importance of 1.Biosynthesis & regulation of
-Cholesterol & Hyaluronic acid cholesterol.***
3.Reducing property of monosaccharide -state important functions
2.LDL & HDL
-role in atherosclerosis*
Lipids 3.Formation & transport of
1.Classification of phospholipids chylomicrons *
-with examples***
2.Lipoproteins* Polyunsaturated fatty acids
3.Biologically important steroids -Important functions
4.Name essential fatty acids -enzyme deficient in & clinical
-why are they called essential? manifestations of Niemann-Pick’s
disease
Amino acid metabolism Plasma Proteins
1.Formation & fate of ammonia(Urea cycle)** 1.Immunoglobulins -types, diagram
2.Transamination & transmethylation** & features. Explain any one in
Reactions in brief detail **
3.Disorders of urea cycle 2.Functions of plasma proteins*
4.Deamination
5.Metabolism of glycine*** Acid Base balance
3
6.Formation of creatine 1.Metabolic acidosis & alkalosis***
2
7.Metabolism of Phenylalanine** 2.Buffer systems**
0
8.Metabolism of Tyrosine** 3.Role of kidney in maintaining acid-
2
9. Note on Alkaptonuria & Phenylketonuria** base balance*
4.Regulation of acid base balance*
S
Biological Oxidation & ETC Water & Electrolyte balance
B
1.Oxidative phosphorylation*
1.Note on dehydration**
B
-note on thermogenin
-Primary & Secondary dehyd.
2.Uncouplers **
M
2.Water balance & regulation*
3.ETC -describe,functions,inhibitors***
4.Formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate
Free radicals & antioxidants
L
5.Malate aspartate shuttle*
1.Antioxidant vitamins & enzymes*
A
6.Substrate level phosphorylation*
2.Antioxidants*
G
3.Name & explain free radicals
Heme metabolism
N
1.Heme synthesis & regulation***
E
Detoxification
-note on acute intermittent porphyria
B
1.What are xenobiotics***
2.Degradation of heme* -how are they detoxified?(phases
3.Hemolytic Jaundice of detoxification)
4.Hemoglobinopathies*
5.Biochemical basis of Sickle cell anaemia Vitamins
6.Formation & fate of bilirubin* 1.Vit A **-
7.Methaemoglobin sources,functions,deficiency
-Wald’s Visual cycle
Liver Function Tests 2.Vit D **
1.Role of various enzymes in LFT** -Sources,RDA,chemistry,functions,
2.Test based on detoxification* deficiency
-excretory function* 3.Enumerate B-complex vitamins
-study all b-complex vitamins
Kidney Function Tests 4.Vitamin C **
1.Urea clearance test*
Digestion & absorption
2.Creatinine clearance test* -Lactose intolerance
Mineral metabolism Mutation & Inheritance
1.Iron -dietary sources,role,absorption** 1.Genetic code - features***
Disease manifestation,iron homeostasis 2.Lac Operon*
2.Calcium -sources,functions, RDA 3.Point mutations
Disease manifestation .***
-factors influencing Ca absorption
3.Zinc *
RDNA technology (Only
3
4. Copper -Cu containing enzymes (name)* BAQs & SAQ)
2
5.Functions of phosphorus 1.Application of recombinant
0
6.Regulation of serum calcium levels** DNA technology **
2.What is RDNA technology?
2
Energy metabolism & Nutrition
S
1.Protein energy malnutrition*** Hormones
B
-Kwashiorkar & Marasmus 1.Secondary messengers**
2.Uses of dietary fibres * -note on cyclic AMP
B
3. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) ** 2.Hormonal regulation of blood
M
glucose *
3.Mechanism of action of
Nucleotide metabolism
L
steroid hormones
1.Salvage pathway of Purine synthesis** 4.Mechanism of Hydrophilic
A
2.Catabolism of purine* hormones
G
3.Biologically important nucleotides ** 5.Mechanism of Group II
N
4.Hyperuricemia hormones
5.Primary & secondary gout**
B E
Cancer
DNA 1.Tumour markers -enumerate**
1.Process of DNA replication** 2.Proto oncogenes & oncogenes*
-inhibitors of replication 3,Chemical carcinogens*
2.Chargaff’s rule*
Special techniques
Transcription & translation 1.Electrophoresis**
1.Different types of RNA -enumerate* 2.Chromatography -types*
2.Structure of tRNA -diagram & functions 3.Principle & use of Flame*
3.Protein biosynthesis in prokaryotes* photometer
-regulation & inhibitors
4.What is ribosome, role in translation* Starvation***
-Antibiotics which act on ribosome
Radioactive isotopes*
5.Reverse transcription -short note
-diagnostic & therapeutic use