2020 Conjunction Book

CONJUNCTIONS
PART 1
1. It wasn't because she was bored staying at 7. You had better take some tablets with you ----
home with her son that she returned to work; Pakistani food upsets you.
----, she loves looking after him, but they
needed some additional. A) so that
B) as though
A) on the other hand
C) even if
B) on the contrary
D) in case
C) therefore
E) thus
D) nonetheless
8. ---- restaurant you eat at in this town, you will
E) as a result
be able to pay with your credit card. All the
2. My nephew wants to become a doctor; ----, he restaurants around here accept Visa or
takes a special interest in biology at school. American Express.
A) although A) Whichever
B) nevertheless B) No matter
C) therefore C) However
D) however D) As soon as
E) besides E) The more
STUDIES
3. The play was ---- well rehearsed ---- suitable 9. ---- his invention changed the world, he never
for families. In fact, it was a complete waste of gained much financial success.
DİL KURSU
time seeing it.

A) Despite
OF LANGUAGE
A) neither / nor B) In contrast

B) either / or C) No sooner
C) both / and D) However
YDS YABANCI
D) not only / but also E) Although

E) so / that
YDS ACADEMY
10. ---- how many hours l spend revising, l don't

4. ---- he loves his work, he wasn't willing to seem to be able to catch up with the rest of
forsake his holiday. the class.
A) As soon as A) Whereas
B) Much as B) Although
C) Due to C) Whenever
D) However D) No matter
E) Despite E) Even if
5. ---- staying at the best hotel in Brussels, she 11. ---- you tell me al the facilities your holiday
was not entirely satisfied with the service village has, can l learn whether you have
there. vacancies for the last two weeks in
September?
A) Although
B) Despite A) In case
C) Whereas B) Consequently
D) However C) Afterwards
E) Owing to D) Before
E) Otherwise
6. ---- had her broken arm mended ---- she broke
her other wrist falling off her horse. 12. That part of South Africa is safe ---- you stay
on the main highway.
A) The moment / while
B) Neither / nor A) as long as
C) Hardly / when B) whereas
D) If only / still C) whichever
E) Not only / but also D) no matter
E) despite
Conjunctions Page 1
13. In northern Italy, it's quite rainy in summer, 19. ---- avoid a repetition of the fuel crisis in the
---- it is typically hot and dry in the southern UK, the government has been given special
areas of the country. powers to insist that fuel companies deliver
petrol and diesel.
A) despite
B) nevertheless A) No matter
C) whereas B) In order to
D) therefore C) In case
E) as a result D) Even though
E) Owing to
14. ---- Craig's donation of his total winnings of
£70.000 to her, Julia will now be able to have 20. Mandarin Chinese must be ---- difficult ----
the surgery she needs in America. Arabic for Europeans to learn.
A) Despite A) so / that
B) Much as B) not only / but also
C) Thanks to C) as / as
D) However D) much / than
E) As a result E) neither / nor
15. Her now shoes could be ---- leather ---- plastic, 21. Swimmers in international competitions have
but if they are plastic, they are a very good to be careful not to dive into the water before
imitation of leather. the start signal is given, ---- doing so results
in disqualification.
A) such / as
B) neither / nor A) whereas
C) whether / or B) thus
YDS ACADEMY OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
D) not only / but C) for

E) either / or D) but
E) whenever
16. After her divorce, the actress was ----
depressed ---- she committed suicide. 22. Barbara has been learning Japanese ---- she
made friends with a Japanese girl at
A) either / or university.
B) such / as
A) before
C) neither / nor
B) by the time
D) so / that
C) until
E) both / and
D) since
17. ---- does the course prepare teachers to teach
E) when
English abroad, ---- it also instructs them on
how to teach immigrants in the UK. 23. The hike wasn't as long as I had expected; ----,
I had blisters on both heels.
A) Not only / but
B) So / that A) despite
C) No sooner / when B) thus
D) Both / and C) otherwise
E) Neither / nor D) nevertheless
E) even after
18. ---- an engineering failure between
Shrewsbury and Wellington, the train will be 24. ---- the highly competitive nature of the
delayed. clothing trade in the UK, the department store
has decided to close its UK branches.
A) In spite of
B) In order that A) Due to
C) Whenever B) However
D) Owing to C) Whereas
E) Whereas D) While
E) Because
Conjunctions Page 2
25. ---- the boss said to Paul, it seems to have 32. ---- the package was poorly wrapped, the tea
upset him. set arrived unbroken.
A) As though A) In spite of
B) Whatever B) However
C) No sooner C) For fear that
D) No matter D) No sooner
E) By the time E) Even though
26. l wasn't frustrated when my train was delayed 33. There is a local train which departs five
by fifteen minutes; ----, l was glad that it minutes earlier than the express. It arrives in
allowed time for me to eat some breakfast. Birmingham 20 minutes later, ----.
A) on the other hand A) so
B) otherwise B) still
C) furthermore C) though
D) nevertheless D) yet
E) on the contrary E) already
27. ---- the clip, it is still a valuable antique jug. 34. It’s our wedding anniversary today, ---- we
have booked a table at our favourite
A) Whenever restaurant.
B) On account of
A) as
C) In spite of
B) when
D) While
C) for
E) Even though
D) so
28. ---- your nephew goes to Turkey, we must
E) because
remember to ask him to buy some pine
honey. 35. Her husband doesn't drive; ----, she had to
drive the van that they hired to move house.
A) Whereas
B) When A) otherwise
C) However B) for
D) No matter C) still
E) While D) therefore
E) nevertheless
29. Unfortunately, we'll have fewer customers in
our cafe ---- the new highway has opened as 36. He was not given a permanent position in the
it'll draw some of the traffic from our road. office ---- his habit of turning up late.
A) while A) whereas
B) although B) on account of
C) in case C) because
D) once D) as long as
E) so that E) even though
30. I’ll send you a hand–written quotation on a 37. ---- starting in a poor position, David
facsimile ---- my computer isn't working at the Coulthard won the Grand Prix race.
moment.
A) Provided
A) so B) Owing to
B) until C) However
C) despite D) Since
D) thus E) In spite of
E) as
38. My car was stolen last week and although it
31. Steve Redgrave received more publicity than was fully insured, l would like to get it back
th
his three team mates ---- it was the 5 gold ---- what condition it is in.
medal he had won.
A) no matter
A) because B) whenever
B) otherwise C) even if
C) therefore D) by the time
D) whereas E) no sooner
E) however
Conjunctions Page 3
39. You can walk across Morcombe Bay at low 45. l heard that he hasn't been playing as much
tide, but you must make sure you will have golf ---- he got married.
reached the other side ---- the tide comes in.
A) no sooner
A) until B) by the time
B) once C) since
C) by the time D) while
D) during E) when
E) since
46. The commentator got ---- excited watching
th
40. Her car was scratched with a knife by vandals Steve Redgrave win his 5 gold medal ---- she
---- they were celebrating their anniversary at burst into tears.
their favourite restaurant.
A) so / that
A) whenever B) neither / nor
B) until C) either / or
C) during D) whether / or
D) while
E) more / than
E) much as
47. l like to watch the news ---- I'm eating my
41. She didn't notice the damage to her car ---- lunch, so l usually eat on a tray in the living
the next morning. room.
A) when A) instead of
B) by the time B) while
C) as long as C) owing to
D) unless D) since
E) until E) as soon as
42. The Italian artist Bellini's ability to portray 48. ---- most hair dyes, which are made from
outdoor light was so skillful that the viewer chemical substances, henna is a natural plant
can tell ---- the season of the year ---- almost extract which gives the hair red tint.
the hour of the day.
A) Owing to
A) hardly / when
B) As
B) the more / the less
C) Unlike
C) despite / while
D) Although
D) not only / but also
E) Because
E) during / as
49. ---- you have watched the video, please
43. They set off on their honeymoon directly ---- rewind the tape to the beginning.
the last wedding guest had left the reception.
A) Until
A) unless
B) Just as
B) until
C) Unless
C) just
D) While
D) after
E) After
E) while
50. ---- hard we tried to save, it soon became
44. It is approximately two miles up hill from the obvious that we would never be able to afford
village to the hotel; ---- it will take us about a new car.
half an hour to get there on foot.
A) However
A) for
B) So much
B) due to
C) Much more
C) however
D) Even though
D) otherwise
E) No matter
E) thus
51. She had ---- got on the bus ---- it hit a lorry.
A) no sooner / than
B) both / and
C) not only / but also
D) the sooner / the more
E) either / or
Conjunctions Page 4
52. ---- a broken sewage pipe near the Rodrigo De 54. ---- being colleagues, they are also good
Freitas Lagoon in Brazil, one hundred and friends.
thirty–two tons of fish died.
A) In order to
A) In order to B) Besides
B) Though C) However
C) As a result of D) Not only
D) Because E) Moreover
E) Despite
55. ---- she was taking the chicken out of the
53. ---- her son is at university, she has more time oven, her husband rang to inform her that he
to do the things she enjoys. would be eating with his German business
associates.
A) As a result
B) Nevertheless A) Until
C) Because of B) Seeing that
D) In contrast to C) As long as
D) Just as
E) Now that
E) Hardly
Conjunctions Page 5
PART 2
1. Apple tea is ---- refreshing ---- healthy, so l 7. I’ve left a message with Carol and told her
recommend it as an alternative to black tea. about all the details ---- the delivery comes
while I’m out.
A) so / that
B) both / and A) unless
C) either / or B) in case
D) neither / nor C) when
E) whether / or D) until
E) as
2. You will have made a contribution to helping
the homeless, ---- little money you raise with 8. The run–down blocks of flats in our area have
your coffee morning. ---- become depressing places to live in, ----
dangerous neighbourhoods to walk around at
A) no matter night.
B) the more
A) the more / than
C) however
B) whether / or
D) even if
C) not only / but also
E) in spite of
D) so much / that
3. ---- being very wasteful in environmental
E) scarcely / when
terms, eating 'fast–food' from disposable
containers is growing in popularity all around 9. ---- how well her host family look after her,
the world. she will naturally feel a little homesick.
A) Despite A) Moreover
B) Regardless B) Provided that
C) As if C) Even if
D) Besides D) No matter
E) Even though E) The more
4. Due to her allergy, food which contains flour, 10. ---- you learn a language for business ---- just
---- bread, cakes and pastry, is excluded from for pleasure, grammar is a necessary part of
Edith's strict diet. the course.
A) in case A) No sooner / than
B) as far as B) Not only / but also
C) even when C) Due to / besides
D) such as D) Whether / or
E) as though E) Hardly / when
5. This rose flavour Turkish delight is ---- 11. l borrowed the game keeper's binoculars ---- l
delicious ---- we should buy some to take could see the zebras more clearly.
home with us.
A) for
A) as / as B) as
B) both / and C) so that
C) not only / but D) in case
D) more / than E) besides
E) so / that
12. The quality of Rover cars has improved
6. There is no single science of society or considerably ---- they became a private
science of humanity. ----, there are several company again.
branches of learning that deal with the origins
and activities of human groups. A) when
B) despite
A) Instead
C) once
B) Or else
D) before
C) Thus
E) since
D) Besides
E) Apart from
Conjunctions Page 6
13. Your composition shows ---- an 19. Heading towards the finish line, the athlete in
understanding of the subject ---- an the walking marathon lifted both feet off the
appreciation of the surrounding issues, so I’m ground, which is against the rules, ---- she
afraid you have received a low grade on this entered the stadium. She burst into tears
occasion. when they disqualified her.
A) neither / nor A) no sooner
B) whether / or B) hardly
C) yet / still C) until
D) not only / but also D) in case
E) hardly / when E) just as
14. ---- physical geography is an Earth science 20. ---- the weather is awful, which it often is
concerned with place, social geography is there, l enjoy walking in the forest.
concerned with the people in the places.
A) However
A) For B) In order that
B) However C) Even if
C) Unless D) Until
D) Provided E) Since
E) Whereas
21. l wasn't surprised that the value of my Marks
15. ---- journey was long and uncomfortable, and Spencer shares dropped ---- the company
seeing an Inca city at the top of a mountain has been doing rather badly lately.
was a fantastic experience.
A) as
A) Owing to B) though
B) Even though C) providing

C) However D) however
D) As though E) even
E) No matter
22. The lead singer in the group wrote the song
16. ---- she was a sensitive woman, she had a lot ---- on a tour in Japan.
of empathy with her patients.
A) for
A) For B) while
B) Since C) as
C) Until D) yet
D) Thus E) however
E) When
23. ---- the food at the cafe at the station is
17. You won't be able to style your hair in expensive, I’m often tempted to order a cup of
different ways ---- you have it cut short. tea and a sandwich.
A) if A) However
B) or B) Even though
C) still C) Nevertheless
D) only if D) As long as
E) until E) The fact that
18. Although treated like a film star by some in 24. She ordered a vegetarian pizza ---- any meat
his former home of East London, Regie Kray topping might contain pork.
should ---- be admired as a hero ---- receive
any praise as he was one of the most feared A) meanwhile
criminals Britanian has even known. B) besides
A) whether / or C) for fear that
B) either / or D) even though
C) neither / nor E) regardless of
D) such / that
E) the more / than
Conjunctions Page 7
25. So far, 214 people, including 168 children, 31. – 40. sorularda, yarım bırakılan cümleyi
have died ---- rising waters in the Mekong uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
Delta, Vietnam.
A) as though 31. ---- he fell straight into the water.
B) in spite of A) Being too large to come right into the
C) consequently harbour
D) as a result of B) For fear that he would miss the train
connection
E) nonetheless
C) He would obviously not try diving again
26. Being tired of the rat race in the big city my
D) Misjudging the gap between the boat and
husband and I have decided to move to the
the quay
coast ---- we retire.
E) The captain gave us a hand to disembark
A) by the time
32. As it stops directly opposite the cemetery, ----.
B) in order that
C) no matter A) the trains in the region are unpredictable
D) while B) the No 9 bus is the best one for you to catch
E) as soon as C) he died peacefully in his sleep last night
D) it starts at 7.30 in the morning
27. l think holding a coffee morning at the shop
will raise quite a lot of money for the charity; - E) he museum has closed for the winter
---, it will help publicise the shop. 33. ----, so we'll have to decide which one is more
A) furthermore suitable.
B) otherwise A) The Edwardian one is larger than all the
C) nevertheless others
D) however B) There is only one suitable venue for our

party
E) instead
C) We can't employ both of the applicants
28. l arranged to catch the early train ---- l would
D) They've built a new shopping centre next to
have plenty of time to get to my appointment.
the stadium
A) in order that E) l can't believe that we have received no
B) in case replies to our advertisement
C) moreover 34. Since being given the Head Master's position,
D) provided that ----.
E) so as to A) he is undoubtedly the best person for the job
29. A lot of people moved away from the area ---- B) he hasn't taught as many hours as he used
another earthquake would strike. to
C) the school has been improving steadily
A) providing that
D) the pupils are much happier than they were
B) in case
with the previous one
C) for fear that
E) most of the other teachers criticised him
D) so that severely
E) nevertheless
35. ----, so he has to keep up–to–date with tax
30. Black cumin massage oil is clearly labelled as law.
'for external purposes only' ---- avoid any
confusion. A) My father works as a financial advisor
B) There is no tax on children's clothing
A) because
C) You may think you are paying too much
B) so as to
D) Richard occasionally reads the Financial
C) in case Times
D) however E) Terry is not a convicted criminal
E) besides
Conjunctions Page 8
36. Although he suffers from diabetes, ----. 41. – 45. sorularda verilen cümleye anlamca en
A) he has won gold medals in five separate yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz.
races
B) no one thinks he will be able to compete 41. Unlike most dedicated lnternet trading
again companies, Buzz.com made a profit in its first
C) rowing is a particularly strenuous sport for year.
him A) As is the case with most lnternet trading
D) which is a remarkable achievement companies, Buzz.com failed to make a profit
E) his wife supports him in everything he does during its first year.
B) Not many specialist lnternet trading
37. Besides being a difficult language for
companies make a profit in the first year,
westerners to pronounce, ----.
and Buzz.com is no exception.
A) It’s easier to learn using phonetics C) Buzz.com followed the pattern of the vast
B) many of them learnt it with little difficulty majority of specialist lnternet companies,
making a profit in its first trading year.
C) Mandarin Chinese has a complicated written
from D) There aren't many specialist lnternet trading
D) Japanese is growing in popularity with companies which had such a profitable first
language students year as Buzz.com
E) Buzz.com was different from most other
E) several languages use tone to indicate
specialist lnternet trading companies in that
meaning
it make a profit in its first year.
38. Having ordered the job herself, ----.
42. The bus ride to Solihull takes twice as long as
A) it wasn't anything to do with her the journey by car because of the long route
incompetence the bus takes.
B) the facsimile line hadn't been installed yet A) If you want to drive your own car to Solihull,
C) l picked up the phone to ring the supervisor you can take the same route as the bus and
immediately still get there in half the time.
D) it was disappointing that the job hadn't been B) l wish the bus took the same route as they
carried out properly do by car, then it would take me half the
E) Marion knew she had asked for a separate time to get to Solihull.
fax line C) Due to the long route taken by the bus, it
takes double the time a car takes to reach
39. Ever since she heard one of his songs on the Solihull.
radio, ----.
D) You could have saved half of the time you
A) for his melancholy melodies appealed to her spent on the journey had you taken a car to
B) his music is becoming popular with students Solihull instead of a bus.
C) which was a combination of rock and E) l advice you to avoid catching the bus to
country music Solihull as it takes twice as long as it does to
drive there.
D) she has been collecting his albums
E) it was mostly owing to his emotive lyrics 43. Besides having to tolerate the noise from the
building site, our electricity was cut off three
40. Although I’ve made progress in many aspects times last week.
of the language, ----.
A) Not only do the construction workers shout a
A) l still have problems with my pronunciation lot, but they keep cutting our electricity off.
B) my written compositions have received good B) In addition to putting up with construction
grades noise last week, we had three power cuts.
C) I’m concentrating particularly on Byzantine C) We haven't been inconvenienced by the
history builders apart from some construction noise
D) my teacher somehow thinks that I’m good at and a few power cuts.
grammar D) There have been many inconveniences with
E) l enjoy listening to French music as well the construction work, such as noise and at
least three power cuts.
E) It has been impossible to work in our office
this week due to a combination of
construction noise and three power cuts.
Conjunctions Page 9
44. Sixty – eight passengers and crew, almost all 46. – 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin
of whom were local residents, drowned when Türkçe dengini bulunuz.
the ferry struck rocks.
A) With only a few exceptions, of whom some 46. Today, with millions of volumes in libraries, it
were local residents, the sixty–eight is only through good bibliographies that
passengers who died when the ferry they students can find their way to the knowledge
were travelling on hit a rock were tourists. they want.
B) When the ferry hit some rocks, sixty–eight
passengers and some crew members, who A) Günümüzde kütüphanelerde milyonlarca cilt
were all local residents, died. olduğu için öğrencilerin aradıkları bilgiye
ulaşabilmeleri, iyi hazırlanmış
C) Hardly any of the passengers and crew bibliyografyalar yoluyla mümkün olmaktadır.
among the sixty–eight who died when the
ferry hit a rock were local residents. B) Günümüzde öğrenciler, kütüphanelerdeki
milyonlarca cildin içinden aradıkları bilgiye
D) The ferry hit some rocks resulting in the yalnızca iyi bibliyografyalar kullanarak
deaths of sixty–eight passengers and crew, ulaşabilmektedir.
mainly local people.
C) Kütüphanelerdeki milyonlarca cildin içinde,
E) Apart from the sixty–eight passengers who öğrencilerin istedikleri bilgiyi bulmaları ancak
died when the ferry hit some rocks, some güncelleştirilmiş iyi bibliyografyalar
crew members, who were local residents, sayesinde mümkündür.
drowned.
D) Günümüzde öğrenciler, kütüphanelerdeki
45. Obviously, modern skills, such as computer milyonlarca cildin içinde istedikleri bilgiyi
design skills, are vitally important today, but bulabilmek için bibliyografyaları kullanmayı
the teaching of traditional skills shouldn't be iyi bilmelidirler.
ignored. E) Günümüzde, kütüphanelerdeki milyonlarca
A) It is inevitable that handicrafts will be cildin içinde, öğrencilerin istedikleri bilgiye
forgotten as everybody wants to learn ulaşabilmeleri ancak iyi bibliyografyalar

modern skills, such as computer design yoluyla olmaktadır.
skills. 47. The Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico
B) Some traditional skills are in danger of being claimed that all societies went through the
completely forgotten as everyone is eager to same stages, though at different times.
learn modern skills, such as computer
design skills. A) İtalyan filozof Giambattista Vico, farklı
zamanlarda da olsa, bütün toplumların aynı
C) While we are concentrating on teaching aşamalardan geçtiklerini ileri sürmüştür.
modern skills, such as computer design
skills, the instruction of traditional crafts is B) İtalyan filozof Giambattista Vico, bazı
being ignored. toplumların aynı aşamalardan geçtiğini ama
bu geçişin farklı zamanlarda olduğunu iddia
D) The teaching of traditional crafts ought not etmiştir.
be forgotten, although modern skills, such
as computer design skills, are essential C) İtalyan filozof Giambattista Vico'nun iddiası,
today. bütün toplumların aynı aşamalardan farklı
zamanlarda geçtiğidir.
E) The teaching of traditional skills is almost
irrelevant in the modern world and the D) İtalyan filozof Giambattista Vico tarafından,
essential skills these days are technical bütün toplumların, farklı zamanlarda aynı
skills, such as computer design skills. aşamalardan geçtiği iddia edilmektedir.
E) İtalyan filozof Giambattista Vico, farklı
zamanlarda yaşamış pek çok toplumun aynı
aşamalardan geçtiğini belirlemiştir.
Conjunctions Page 10
48. When Germany was defeated in World War II. 51. – 55. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin
the fleeing Nazis left behind a huge amount of İngilizce dengini bulunuz.
material documenting the Nazi era.
A) Nazi dönemini belgeleyen çok miktarda 51. AIDS virüsü insan vücudu dışında hemen
belge vardır çünkü II. Dünya Savaşı'nda öldüğü için hastalık tesadüfi fiziksel temas ya
yenilen Naziler Almanya'dan kaçarken da hapşırma yoluyla yayılmaz.
bunları geride bırakmak zorunda kalmıştır.
B) II. Dünya Savaşı'nda yenilen Almanya'dan A) Since the AIDS virus quickly perishes
kaçan Naziler'in geride bıraktıkları büyük outside the human body, the disease is not
miktarda materyal, Nazi dönemini çok iyi spread by casual physical contract or by
belgelemektedir. sneezing.
C) Almanlar II. Dünya Savaşı'nda yenilince B) Once outside the human body, the AIDS
Naziler kaçmış, ama o dönemi belgeleyen virus dies; therefore, the disease cannot be
çok miktarda materyal geride kalmıştır. caught through, casual physical contact or
D) Almanlar II. Dünya Savaşı'nda yenilince, sneezing.
kaçan Naziler geride, Nazi dönemini C) There is no risk of catching the disease
belgeleyen çok büyük miktarda materyal AIDS as a result of casual contact or
bırakmıştır. sneezing as the virus perishes as soon as it
E) Almanların II. Dünya Savaşı'nda yenilmesi is outside the human body.
üzerine, Naziler geride, Nazi dönemini D) Because the virus causing AIDS cannot
belgeleyen çok büyük miktarda materyal survive outside the human body, there is no
bırakarak kaçmıştır. risk of catching the disease by touching
49. The firefly's light is produced by a chemical someone casually or by being near
reaction between oxygen in the air and two someone who sneezes.
substances in the beetle's body. E) There is need to fear catching the disease
AIDS by casual physical contact or by
A) Ateş böceğinin yaydığı ışık, havadaki sneezing as the virus which causes the
oksijen ile böceğin vücudundaki iki madde disease dies once it is outside the human
arasındaki kimyasal tepkimenin ürünüdür. body.
B) Ateş böceğinin vücudundaki iki madde ile
52. Arama cihazlarının yaygın kullanımı sonucu,
havadaki oksijen arasındaki kimyasal
bugün uçak kaçırma olayları eskiden olduğu
tepkime, böceğin yaydığı ışığı oluşturur.
kadar yaygın değildir.
C) Ateş böceğinin ışığı, havadaki oksijenle,
böceğin vücudundaki iki madde arasındaki A) As a result of the extensive use of detection
kimyasal tepkimeyle oluşur. devices, the incidences of plane hijacking
D) Ateş böceği, vücudundaki iki maddenin are not so common nowadays as they used
havadaki oksijenle birleşerek tepkimesi to be.
sonucunda ışık yayar. B) A reduction in hijacking incidences, has
E) Ateş böceğinin ışığını oluşturan kimyasal been achieved recently thanks to the
tepkime, böceğin vücudundaki iki maddeyle extensive use of detection devices by airport
havadaki oksijenin birleşmesiyle gerçekleşir. security.
50. Many critics and listeners regard Beethoven C) Once common, the incidences of plane
as the finest composer of all time. hijacking are now rare due largely to the
A) Beethoven, çok sayıda eleştirmen ve widespread use of detection devices.
dinleyici tarafından tüm zamanların en iyi D) The improvements made in detection
bestecisi seçilmiştir. devices and their use have cut down the
B) Pek çok eleştirmen ve dinleyici Beethoven'ı number of hijacking incidences recently.
tüm zamanların en iyi bestecisi olarak kabul E) In spite of the extensive use of detection
eder. devices, the incidences of plane hijacking
C) Beethoven, pek çok eleştirmen ve are just are common as they used to be.
dinleyiciye göre tüm zamanların ene iyi
bestecisidir.
D) Beethoven'ın tüm zamanların en iyi bestecisi
olduğunu düşünen pek çok eleştirmen ve
dinleyici vardır.
E) Pek çok eleştirmen ve dinleyicinin ortak
görüşü, Beethoven'ın tüm zamanların en iyi
bestecisi olduğudur.
53. Tıp bilimindeki gelişmeler, yaşlanmanın 55. İlk yolcu uçakları, l. Dünya Savaşı'da
yarattığı bazı güç kaybı durumlarının kullanılan bombardıman uçaklarından
geciktirilebileceğini göstermektedir. dönüştürülmüştü.
A) Progress in medicine has failed to produce A) The earliest bombers, which were used in
anything which can reduce the effects of the World War l, were constructed from
aging process. converted passenger planes.
B) No matter what advances are made in B) The earliest passenger planes were
medical science, the declines produced by converted into bombers, which were then
aging can only be retarded very slightly. used in World War l.
C) According to medical research, it may be C) The earliest passenger planes were
possible to retard some of the declines converted from the bombers which had been
produced by aging. used in World War l.
D) Progress in medical science indicates that D) The first passenger planes were constructed
some of the declines produced by aging can from converted bombers, which were no
be retarded. longer needed after World War l.
E) There are some indications from medical E) After World War l, the bombers were
research that it may be possible for some of converted to make the first ever passenger
the declines produced by aging to be planes.
retarded.
54. Çoğu zaman, tamamlanmış bir projenin kötü
akustiğini düzeltmek, işi başlangıçta doğru
dürüst yapmaktan daha pahalıya mal
olmaktadır.
A) It would be cheaper to construct a
completely new building than to bring these
acoustics up to the required standard.

B) It cost some to correct the bad acoustics of
the building than it would have done if the
project had been completed properly initially.
C) The estimated cost of correcting the bad
acoustics is greater than the amount spent
for the completion of the project in the first
place.
D) Care should be taken to complete the job
correctly in the first place as correcting bad
acoustics in a finished building can be more
expensive.
E) Correcting the bad acoustics of a completed
project often costs more than having done
the job properly in the first place.
PART 3
1. When the fire alarm sounded, we left the 7. Although their house is in the countryside, it
building immediately, without taking our is quite close to the main highway. ----, there
coats. It was raining and, ----, we got is a country railway station within walking
absolutely soaking wet. distance.
A) regardless A) Moreover
B) otherwise B) Nevertheless
C) nevertheless C) Therefore
D) on the contrary D) Otherwise
E) consequently E) Even though
2. The footballer was hired by the Spanish club 8. I think you are going to find it inconvenient to
---- his performance during the European Cup. work at the new offices ---- they compensate
you for the extra travel expenses.
A) in case
B) even though A) so that
C) besides B) yet
D) on account of C) even if
E) in addition to D) as
E) despite
3. ---- the demonstrators sieged the government
building, the President was lifted to safety by 9. We will confirm your place on the course ----
helicopter. we receive your deposit.
A) During A) by the time

B) In order that B) while
C) Owing to C) although
D) As D) as soon as
E) So as to E) besides
4. He is a member of the same political party, ---- 10. ---- attending several business meetings in
he doesn't agree with the minister on this Oslo, James hopes to take a short break and
occasion. explore the city.
A) as A) Furthermore
B) for B) Seeing as
C) yet C) However
D) such D) Regardless
E) so E) In addition to
5. Jo noticed the sign advertising the vacancy 11. Because my new car is much smaller and ----
---- he was walking to the station to catch a more economical than my old one, I am
train to his mother's house. hoping to reduce my travel expenses.
A) until A) however
B) while B) though
C) thus C) while
D) whereas D) therefore
E) during E) otherwise
6. ---- how secure you make your house, thieves 12. Shrewsbury library ---- keeps a good selection
can always find a way to break in. of books, ---- lends out compact discs and
video cassettes.
A) No matter
B) Whatever A) such / that
C) Nevertheless B) not only / but also
D) Otherwise C) whether / or
E) As though D) rather / than
E) both / though
13. ---- well-prepared I am, I still get nervous 19. The young classical musician has a private
before an examination. tutor ---- she doesn't miss out on her
education while touring with the orchestra.
A) Even if
B) However A) so that
C) No matter B) in case
D) Even though C) no sooner
E) Whenever D) even if
E) no matter
14. I'm glad we rang the ferry operator to check
whether the timetable had changed; ----, we 20. Spanish Basque fishermen, who have been
would have arrived at the port after the ferry catching cod ---- mediaeval times, had left
to the island had left. very few cod in European waters ---- Spain
entered the European Community in the
A) however 1980s.
B) consequently
A) not only / but also
C) as though
B) before / even if
D) furthermore
C) since / by the time
E) otherwise
D) during / until
15. ---- its use in Japan as the centre of intricate
E) no sooner / than
traditional ceremonies, tea is considered an
ordinary everyday drink in England. 21. ---- the 1930s, 23,000 American theatres
closed due to the growing popularity of films.
A) In contrast to
B) Similar to A) Since
C) Until B) During
D) Whereas C) By the time

E) On the other hand D) Besides
E) While
16. ---- measures are taken, Formula One car
racing will, by its nature, remain a dangerous 22. Gene Hackman has become one of the film
sport. industry's most respected actors ---- he
became famous after his award-winning
A) So that performance in 'The French Connection'.
B) Because
A) while
C) Whatever
B) once
D) As though
C) until
E) No matter
D) since
17. Christine is not enjoying her new job. Her
E) as if
office is difficult to get to because of traffic
congestion; ----, the work she has been given 23. Admission costs five pounds ---- you are a
is dull and repetitive. student or unemployed.
A) on the other hand A) by the time
B) regardless B) in case
C) whereas C) whatever
D) furthermore D) as if
E) nevertheless E) unless
18. ---- portraits and still life paintings, Frederic 24. She continued to whisper to her classmate ----
Leighton also painted landscapes, but, the teacher had asked her to be quiet.
because they were not exhibited publicly,
they gained little attention throughout his life. A) even after
B) no matter
A) Until
C) as though
B) Apart from
D) whereas
C) Whereas
E) even so
D) On the contrary
E) Moreover
25. Experiments in Amazonia, Brazil, with cattle 31. – 40. sorularda, yarım bırakılan cümleyi
ranching and commercial forestry have uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
proved ---- devastating to the environment ----
uneconomic, yet deforestation of the valley
continues. 31. Despite having told the waiter that we were
vegetarians ----.
A) neither / nor
B) both / and A) he continued to recommend us dishes
containing meat
C) hardly / when
B) we were only offered a rather disgusting
D) whether / or green salad
E) such / as C) he said the chef could make us something
26. ---- only working part-time, my sister told me special
that she didn't have any spare time available D) he told us they had a good selection of
to help me do the gardening. meat-free dishes
A) Even if E) we wouldn't be tipping him due to the poor
service
B) Otherwise
C) Despite 32. Having once provided a vital route for raw
materials to be transported to Manchester,
D) Owing to ----.
E) However
A) I enjoyed the short cruise in a friend's boat
27. ---- you were given ten million pounds to tremendously
make a film, what would your film be about?
B) my father pointed out the once grand
A) Regardless of waterway as we crossed over it
B) In addition to C) the canal is now mainly used for leisure
purposes
C) Suppose that
D) In order that D) heavy industry has declined in the region
E) By the time E) old barges are sometimes converted into
houseboats
28. She has never been given a serious role ----
33. ----, whereas the other side of the island of
she went to the best drama school in the
country. Hispaniola Haiti, is considered too dangerous
by most European holiday companies.
A) in case
A) Half of the town is on the south side of the
B) as if river
C) provided that B) The Dominican Republic has become a
D) even though popular holiday destination for Europeans
E) inasmuch as C) The second largest island of the West
lndies, Hispaniola, is situated between Cuba
29. I have bought some French language tapes and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea
---- I can listen to them and improve my
understanding of the language while I am D) In contrast to the highlands, the basin of
driving. Lago Enriquillo is about 150 feet below sea
level
A) moreover E) The island was inhabited by Arawaks, an
B) however American lndian people, before Christopher
C) thanks to Columbus landed there in 1492
D) otherwise 34. After finding the windows of the cafe open
E) so that and noticing all the computer equipment was
missing, ----.
30. Living here in the mountains is wonderful in
summer, ---- it can be inconvenient in winter. A) everything was, luckily, fully insured
B) nothing seems impossible for thieves in this
A) whereas
town
B) in order that
C) his anger was uncontrollable
C) as though
D) the owner phoned the local police
D) therefore
E) the thieves had taken everything
E) in case
35. Since adding the new product range, ----. 40. These Indonesian refugees live in huts on
stilts in the sea, ----.
A) we have been making healthy profits
B) the jackets are particularly popular A) as they had been provided with excellent
accommodation by the government
C) the old stock was sold at half price
D) we don't seem to make much profit B) however quickly they leave the area in fear
for their lives
E) it is, admittedly, a very unusual range
C) even though none of them can speak
36. In addition to those tourists who come to Malaysian
Turkey to enjoy the sun, sea and sand, ----.
D) for there are a lot of man–eating sharks in
A) they should definitely promote the country the area
more overseas E) so that they don't need official papers for
B) many arrive each year to tour around their new homeland
historical sites and enjoy the scenery
C) missing out on the beautiful historical sites
which are dotted around the country
41. – 45. sorularda verilen cümleye anlamca en
D) which, of course, is the country's main yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz.
attraction
E) the Mediterranean is a particularly popular 41. Unlike the head chef, he thinks adding fresh
area cream to tomato soup makes it more
delicious.
37. ----, while St. Bernard is an excellent ski resort
for competent skiers. A) Both himself and the head chef are of the
opinion that tomato soup tastes better when
A) There are some very exciting runs a little fresh cream is added.
B) l had only been skiing on two other B) In his opinion, which is contrary to the head
occasions chef's, the flavour of tomato soup is
enhanced by adding fresh cream
C) Rock climbing has become quite popular
with students C) Although he added fresh cream to the
tomato soup to enhance the flavour, the
D) She learnt rock climbing in Germany last head chef didn't like it.
year D) The head chef advised him to add some
E) St Moritz is one of the best resorts for fresh cream to the tomato soup, but he
beginners doesn't think this will improve the flavour of
the dish.
38. According to the journalist, it is the
company’s lack of respect for the E) As any head chef will tell you, you can
environment ----. improve tomato soup by adding some fresh
cream just before serving.
A) while the government is considering 42. Having had her bag stolen at this marketplace
launching an investigation into their methods before, she kept a firm grip on her handbag.
B) besides, they completely deny it A) It she had been holding her bag tightly while
C) that has caused the poisoning of the ground at the marketplace, her bag would not have
for miles ground. been stolen.
B) She knows that it is a good idea to hold
D) in case they pollute the surrounding
firmly onto her purse while shopping at the
woodland and rivers
market as many people have been robbed.
E) when many of the trees in the nearby forest C) Despite the fact that she was holding her
started to die one after another handbag tightly most of the time, she had
39. Frequently travelling on the train without a her purse stolen at the marketplace.
ticket, ----. D) She held her bag tightly while at the
marketplace because she had had one
A) he has been lucky to have only been fined stolen there before.
twice E) In spite of having her bag stolen on a
B) the ticket inspector fined him sixty pounds previous occasion, she failed to keep a tight
C) they hardly ever check people's tickets hold on it at the marketplace.
though
D) l don't think he is a responsible citizen
E) the new metro service has automatic ticket
machines
43. Besides the terrible one near lstanbul in 1999, 46. – 50. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin
Turkey has been the victim of several other İngilizce dengini bulunuz.
large scale earthquakes.
A) Apart from Turkey, where a horrific 46. "Küçük Kadınlar"ın yazarı Louisa May Alcott,
earthquake happened in 1999, there are Amerikan İç Savaşı sırasında hemşire olarak
several other countries where large scale görev yapmıştır.
earthquakes happen. A) Louisa May Alcott was both an author,
B) In addition to the large scale earthquake writing "Little Women", and a nurse, serving
near lstanbul in 1999, many other cities in in the American Civil War.
Turkey have experienced minor B) "Little Women" was written by Louisa May
earthquakes. Alcott, a former nurse from the American
C) Although Turkey has been the victim of Civil War.
many earthquakes, the worst one ever C) Louisa May Alcott was the author of "Little
happened in 1999 near lstanbul. Women", which was about a nurse serving
D) In 1999 there was a terrible earthquake near during the American Civil War.
lstanbul, Turkey as well as quite a number of D) Louisa May Alcott's novel "Little Women"
others throughout the world. told the story of a nurse who served during
E) Turkey has suffered from several other the American Civil War.
serious earthquakes, in addition to the E) Louisa May Alcott, the author of "Little
horrific one near lstanbul in 1999. Women", served as a nurse during the
44. Sheltering under a tree is not a wise thing to American Civil War.
do during a thunder and lightning storm. 47. Tüm batı dünyasında köleliğin yok edilmesi,
A) We took shelter under a tree during the köle ticareti tümüyle ortadan kaldırılıncaya
thunder and lightning storm, which, actually, kadar gerçekleşememiştir.
was quite stupid. A) Even after the removal of slavery from the
entire Western Hemisphere, trading in

B) Taking shelter under a tree is a foolish thing
slaves continued elsewhere.
to do while a thunder and lightning storm is
under a large tree. B) The abolishing of slavery in the entire
Western world resulted in the end of the
C) The best place to shelter from a thunder and
slave trade across the world.
lightning storm is under a large tree.
C) The entire Western world could not be said
D) The only place available to us for shelter to be completely free of slavery while trading
during the thunder and lightning storm was a in slaves continued.
large tree.
D) The removal of slavery from the entire
E) There are better places to shelter while a
Western world could not occur until all
thunder and lightning storm is raging than trading in slaves was abolished.
under a tree.
E) The removal of slavery from the entire
45. He travels from Ireland every other week to Western Hemisphere was only realised
visit his fiancée despite the expense. when all trading in slaves had been
A) He shouldn't travel from Ireland every week outlawed.
to visit him fiancée because it is too 48. İlk Kutsal Roma imparatoru Charlemagne,
expensive Aachen'e olan sevgisi yüzünden oradaki
B) He can only visit his fiancée in Ireland once vatandaşları askerlik hizmeti ve vergiden
every two weeks because of the high cost of muaf tutmuştur.
the journey. A) Because of his fondness for Aachen,
Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman
C) Although the journey from Ireland is quite
expensive, he visits his fiancée once every emperor, exempted the citizens there from
two weeks. military service and taxation.
B) Exhibiting a favoritism for Aachen,
D) It doesn't cost much to travel there from
Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman
Ireland, yet he visits his fiancée every other
week instead of every week. emperor, exempted its citizens from military
service and taxation.
E) If it didn't cost so much to travel from
C) Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman
Ireland, he would visit his fiancée more
emperor, was extremely fond of a citizen of
often.
Aachen, whom he exempted from military
D) Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman
emperor, made the citizens of his home
town, Aachen, which he was very fond of,
exempt from military service and taxation.
E) The citizens of Aachen, a town which the
first Holy Roman emperor, Charlemagne,
was fond of, were exempt from military
49. İlk insanlar tarafından keşfedilen pek çok 51. – 55. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin
tedavi edici bitki bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Türkçe dengini bulunuz.
A) Many of the medicines we use today still
contain extracts from plants that were 51. Eaten fresh or used to make raisins, grape
discovered by early people. juice and wine, grapes are the most important
B) Many medicinal plants that were discovered fruit in the world.
by early people are still in use today.
A) Üzüm suyu ve şarap yapısında kullanılan
C) These plants are still used for medicinal üzüm, dünyanın taze ya da kurutulmuş
purposes today, but they were discovered olarak da yenilebilen en önemli meyvesidir.
by early people.
B) Dünyadaki en önemli meyvelerden biri, taze
D) The medicinal properties of many plants still ya da kurutulmuş olarak yenebilen, üzüm
used today were known in ancient times. suyu ve şarap yapımında kullanılan
E) A number of plants that were used as üzümdür.
medicines by early people are no longer in C) Taze olarak yenen ya da kuru üzüm, üzüm
use today. suyu ve şarap yapımında kullanılan üzüm,
50. Diğer yakıtların bulunmadığı ya da çok pahalı dünyanın en önemli meyvesidir.
olduğu tropikal ülkelerde başlıca yakıt, tam D) Üzüm, taze olarak yenen ya da kuru üzüm,
olarak yanmamış odundan elde edilen odun üzüm suyu ve şarap yapımı için tüm
kömürüdür. dünyada kullanılan önemli bir meyvedir.
A) Since it is not as expensive as many fuels in E) Kuru üzüm, üzüm suyu ve şarap yapımında
tropical countries, charcoal, which is made kullanılan ya da taze olarak yenen üzüm bu
bakımdan tüm dünyada önemli bir meyvedir.
from incompletely burned wood, is very
popular there. 52. Over 3 million people in Beijing use bicycle as
B) Many fuels are unavailable or very a major means of transportation within the
expensive in tropical countries, while city.

charcoal, formed from incompletely burned A) Bisiklet, Pekin'de üç milyondan fazla insanın
wood, is inexpensive and thus very popular. şehir içi ulaşımda kullandığı araçlarında
C) In tropical countries where other fuels are başında gelir.
unavailable or are very expensive, the major B) Pekin'de üç milyonun üzerinde insan için,
fuel is charcoal obtained from incompletely şehir içinde başlıca ulaşım aracı bisiklettir.
burned wood.
C) Pekin'de şehir içinde başlıca ulaşım aracı
D) Unlike other major fuels, charcoal which is olan bisiklet, üç milyonun üzerinde insan
made from incompletely burned wood is tarafından kullanılmaktadır.
expensive in tropical countries and not very
D) Üç milyonun üzerinde Pekinli şehir içi ulaşım
popular.
aracı olarak yalnızca bisikleti kullanır.
E) Charcoal, formed from incompletely burned
E) Pekin'de üç milyonun üzerinde insan
wood, is still a popular fuel in some tropical
bisikleti, şehir içinde başlıca ulaşım aracı
areas of the world where conventional fuels
olarak kullanmaktadır.
are unavailable or expensive.
53. About 20 percent of all known species of 55. Because of the religious ban on the use of the
animals in the world are beetles, which are human figure in art, there was little
found throughout all continents except development in painting and sculpture in
Antarctica. Turkey until the Republic era.
A) Dünyada bilinen tüm hayvan türlerinin A) Resimde insan figürünün dini yasaklar
Antarktika dışında kalan yüzde yirmisi, tüm nedeniyle kullanılmaması, Cumhuriyet
kıtalarda bulunan böceklerdir. dönemine kadar Türkiye'de resim ve
B) Dünyada bilinen tüm hayvan türlerinin heykelde çok az ilerleme olmasına neden
yaklaşık yüzde yirmisini oluşturan böcekler, olmuştur.
Antarktika dışında tüm kıtalarda bulunur. B) Türkiye'de, Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar
C) Antarktika dışında kalan tüm katılardaki resim ve heykel alanında çok az ilerleme
böcekler, dünyada bilinen tüm hayvan olmasının nedeni, resimde insan figürünün
türlerinin yaklaşık yüzde yirmisini oluşturur. kullanılmasını engelleyen dini yasaklardır.
D) Dünyada bilinen tüm hayvan türlerinin C) Resimde insan figürünü kullanmayı
yaklaşık yüzde yirmisi, Antarktika dışında yasaklayan dinsel öğreti nedeniyle
tüm kıtalarda bulunan böceklerdir. Cumhuriyet dönemi öncesi Türkiye’sinde
resim ve heykeltıraşlık pek fazla
E) Antarktika hariç tüm kıtalarda yaşayabilen ilerleyememiştir.
böceklerin, dünyadaki tüm hayvan türlerinin
yaklaşık yüzde yirmisini oluşturduğu D) Türkiye'de resim sanatında insan figürü
bilinmektedir. kullanımını engelleyen dini yasaklar,
Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar resim ve heykel
54. One of the greatest figures in Italian literature, alanında çok az ilerleme olmasının
Boccaccio was a founder of the humanism nedenlerinden biridir.
that played an important role in the Italian
E) Resimde insan figürünün kullanımıyla ilgili
Renaissance.
dini yasaklar yüzünden Türkiye'de,
A) İtalyan Rönesansı üzerinde önemli bir rol Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar resim ve heykel
oynayan Hümanizmin kurucularından biri alanında çok az ilerleme olmuştur.

olan Boccaccio, İtalyan edebiyatındaki en
büyük figürlerden biridir.
B) Boccaccio, İtalyan edebiyatının en büyük
isimlerinden biri olup aynı zamanda İtalyan
Rönesansı üzerinde önemli bir rol oynayan
Hümanizmin kurucusudur.
C) İtalyan edebiyatındaki en büyük figürlerden
biri olan Boccaccio, İtalyan Rönesansı
üzerinde önemli bir rol oynamış olan
Hümanizmin kurucularındandır.
D) İtalyan edebiyatındaki en büyük figürlerden
biri olan Boccaccio, Hümanizmin
kurucularından biri olarak İtalyan Rönesansı
üzerinde önemli rol oynamıştır.
E) İtalyan Rönesansı üzerinde önemli bir rol
oynamış Hümanizmin kurucusu olan
Boccaccio, İtalyan edebiyatının en önemli
isimlerinden biridir.
CONJUNCTIONS - PART 1 CONJUNCTIONS - PART 2
1 B 21 C 41 E 1 B 21 A 41 E
2 C 22 D 42 D 2 C 22 B 42 C
3 A 23 D 43 D 3 A 23 B 43 B
4 B 24 A 44 E 4 D 24 C 44 D
5 B 25 B 45 C 5 E 25 D 45 D
6 C 26 E 46 A 6 A 26 E 46 E
7 D 27 C 47 B 7 B 27 A 47 A
8 A 28 B 48 C 8 C 28 A 48 D
9 E 29 D 49 E 9 D 29 C 49 C
10 D 30 E 50 A 10 D 30 B 50 B
11 D 31 A 51 A 11 C 31 D 51 A
12 A 32 E 52 C 12 E 32 B 52 A
13 C 33 C 53 E 13 A 33 C 53 D
14 C 34 D 54 B 14 E 34 B 54 E
15 E 35 D 55 D 15 B 35 A 55 C
16 D 36 B 16 B 36 A
17 A 37 E 17 A 37 C
18 D 38 A 18 C 38 E
19 B 39 C 19 E 39 D
20 C 40 D 20 C 40 A
CONJUNCTIONS - PART 3
1 E 21 B 41 B
2 D 22 D 42 D
3 D 23 E 43 E
4 C 24 A 44 B
5 B 25 B 45 C
6 A 26 C 46 E
7 A 27 C 47 D
8 C 28 D 48 A
9 D 29 E 49 B
10 E 30 A 50 C
11 D 31 A 51 C
12 B 32 C 52 E
13 B 33 B 53 D
14 E 34 D 54 C
15 A 35 A 55 E
16 C 36 B
17 D 37 E
18 B 38 C
19 A 39 A
20 C 40 E
1. Why don't you take your lawyer with you to the meeting 8. ____ the manager looks shy, youthful and mild, he is in
_____ there are problems he can deal with for you? fact a rare combination of discipline, energy and
intellect.
A) whether B) even if C) as ever
D) unless E) in case A) So that B) Even so C) Although
D) Therefore E) in case
2. Reinforced concrete was used for the new buildings
____ there should ever be another landslide in the 9. ____ the time a child reaches school age he ought to
vicinity. be able to dress himself fairly quickly.
A) due to B) in spite of C) according to A) On B) For C) In

D) in case E) instead D) At E) By
3. Today, ____ rapid transportation and communications, 10. I finally learned what had happened ____ the nurse
the whole world is becoming one community with was wheeling him into the operating room.
common economic interests.
A) in case B) so that C) just as
A) as long as B) in spite of C) just as D) during E) as soon as
D) because of E) such as
11. ____ the interest rates are concerned, it looks as if the
4. The government is determined to improve the inflation has at least been curbed.
communications system ____ the costs involved will
be a serious burden on the budget. A) As far as B) Owing to C) By way of
D) Just as E) As regards
A) so that B) while C) despite
D) as if E) even though 12. I was forced to admit that there was a drop in sales
towards the end of the year _____ he had predicted.
5. ____ well one may think of him, one must admit that
he’s too old for the job. A) such as B) even so C) in case
D) just as E) so far as
A) So B) Although C) Even
D) However E) As 13. Many more people would doubtless have attended the
debate _____ they had known in advance who the
6. ____ hard he works, he’ll never be the equal of his principal speakers were.
father, he’s just not capable of it.
A) if only B) while C) since
A) So B) However C) As D) after E) until
D) Whatever E) Just as
14. Why can’t you admit that _____ hard he works, he will
7. The testimony of the second witness didn’t surprise me never manage to achieve what his elder brother has
at all; ____ the account he gave was more or less achieved?
what I had expected from him.
A) unless B) whatsoever C) though
A) on the other hand B) as a matter of fact D) whenever E) however
C) conversely D) consequently
E) nevertheless 15. The Deputy Prime Minister announced that it was
____ early to propose amendments in the legislation
concerning industrial relations.
A) as well as B) just so C) just as

D) as soon as E) as yet too
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16. Thailand has lost half of its forests ____ its population 23. Several species of birds in Vietnam vanished during
has ____ doubled in recent decades. the war, ---- they began to reappear in the 1980s and
their gradual return has been encouraged by
A) as / more than B) just as / mostly Vietnamese villagers.
C) so as / soon D) in case / quite
E) because of / much A) but B) since C) unless
D) when E) if
17. ____ any change in the condition of the patient, be
sure that the nurse in charge is informed. 24. ____ he gives the appearance of sincerity and
reliability, just remember that you can’t trust him an
A) In the event of B) However slight inch.
C) With the exception of D) Owing to
E) In favour of A) Though B) That C) As far as
D) Nevertheless E) So
18. On the night we went to the opera, Domingo was not
singing, but _____ we enjoyed ourselves enormously. 25. His proposals ____ the new social security policy
seems more viable than any of the others.
A) in case B) on the contrary
C) moreover D) whatever A) by way of B) due to C) owing to
E) nevertheless D) in case of E) as regards
19. I was lucky enough to get home _____ the 26. ____ the recent rise in unemployment largely affects
thunderstorm was beginning. eastern Germany, there is considerable unrest in
western Germany, too.
A) till B) so as to C) in time for
D) up to E) just as A) Since B) In case C) Although
D) Unless E) Until
20. ---- not all negative thoughts and feelings are bad for
health, specific emotional states, especially stress 27. ____ he was campaigning for re-election last year, he
and depression, have now been linked to heart promised that ____ re-elected, he would undertake to
trouble of all kinds. restructure the party.
A) When B) Suppose that C) As if A) Wherever / lest B) Because / while

D) Whenever E) Though C) As / since D) While / unless
E) When / if
21. The Danish poet and novelist Jeppe Aakjar grew up in
the Jutland farming area and ---- was well aware of 28. The crisis is particularly serious ____ a whole series
the harsh conditions endured by farm labourers in his of related issues ranging from unemployment to
country. health benefits are involved.
A) on the contrary B) even so C) so A) so as B) as well as C) in order that

D) still E) nevertheless D) as for E) since
22. ---- the US and Brazil both occupy the American 29. It looks ____ the hiring committee isn't impressed by
continent, the northern location of the former and the his qualifications, and I don't think the manager of the
southern location of the latter plainly mark a real company is, ____ .
distinction and bring important policy consequences.
A) like / also B) as if / either
A) As long as B) Now that C) Only if C) so that / as well D) though / too
D) After E) Although E) just as / neither

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30. The motive was ____ aesthetic and social ____ they 37. We know nothing at all about the company’s new
sought to bring good design within the reach of the chairman ____ that he’s just had his fiftieth birthday.
ordinary man.
A) since B) instead C) in case
A) so / in that B) both / because C) just as / that D) on condition E) except
D) as much / as E) too / therefore
38. ____ the embargo imposed on us is lifted in the near
31. Originally the sonnet was an Italian poetical form future, we can’t hope for any economic recovery.
which attained great popularity in the Renaissance,
and ____ it was natural, ____ not essential for A) Whereas B) While C) Because
Shakespeare and his contemporaries to use it. D) In case E) Unless
A) hence / if B) while / though 39. ____ proving useful in many scientific fields,
C) since / however D) furthermore / rather than computers-generated knowledge, ____ Professor
E) already / even Hayes acknowledges, is not without pitfalls.
32. Despite the gusty wind they were able to put out the A) Although / because B) Since / while
fire before it ____ . C) While / as D) As long as / even if
E) Once / whether or not
A) fell off B) was taken into account
C) was held out D) got out of hand 40. Germany’s weight in the European Union is known,
E) broke up ____ what is not known, even to the Germans
themselves, is ____ they are to use it.
33. Today the United States, still by far ____ prosperous
country in the world, is increasing its working hours A) but / how B) in case / because
____ creating a more positive balance between work C) unless / why D) lest / until
and leisure time. E) otherwise / where
A) the more / as well as B) most / in spite of 41. The East European countries are strongly convinced
C) more / than D) the most / instead of that European Economic aid, ____ welcome, is not a
E) the / just as substitute for market access and eventual
membership of the European Union.
34. The true ecologist need not be a specialist at all, ____
his views should reflect the practical wisdom of A) just as B) lest C) since
ordinary people. D) when E) though
A) for B) where C) whether 42. …….. helmets had been revived for soldiers and
D) in case E) that extended to many workers, safety head coverings for
athletes almost inevitably followed.
35. _____ the terrible state of the roads following the
heavy rains, it is almost impossible to reach the A) while B) before C) although
village except in a tractor. D) once E) until
A) Unfortunately B) Owing to C) Even so 43. …….. providing luxury on every imaginable level, a
D) Except for E) In spite of five- star hotel should also have the ability to take you
by suprise.
36. The doctor advised him to have monthly check-ups
____ any return of symptoms might be detected A) with a view to B) in excess of C) consequent on
immediately. D) in need of E) in addition to
A) if ever B) in case C) such as

D) even though E) so that

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44.Ancient Peruvian textiles have survived in an excellent 51. At present, the European Union imports about one
state of preservation ……. the dry conditions of much quarter of its gas and one third of its oil from Russia,
of the country. ---- countries such as Slovakia, Finland, Poland,
Hungary, the Baltic states and the Ukraine are totally
A) with regard to B) in comparison with or very heavily dependent on Russian energy.
C) in case of D) owing to
E) in opposition to A) even though B) since C) whether
D) while E) in case
45. His scheme, with all its shortcomings, will inevitably
be pushed through ____ we can produce one, by 52. The acquisition of knowledge by reading a book can
Tuesday, which is obviously much more feasible. give pleasure and benefits to an individual equivalent
to consuming an ice-cream or seeing a film at the
A) how B) so that C) unless cinema. But education can also help advance in a
D) moreover E) in case chosen career ------- success is achieved in specific
examinations.
46. Do you really believe that the party programme ____ it
now stands, is democratic ____ to influence the vote A) even so B) since C) if
in our favour. D) as if E) unless
A) as / enough B) since / also 53. ____ far reaching the benefits of the new policy may
C) where / as well D) such as / too be, the country quite simply cannot afford it.
E) that / even
A) Whatever B) However C) Whatsoever
47. Great natural disasters cause ____ widespread death D) Wherever E) Whenever
____ massive social disruption and outbreaks of
epidemic disease. 54. The discovery in 2001 of a juvenile dinosaur’s
spectacularly preserved fossil with feathers does
A) much / as B) so much / that indicate the dinosaur-bird connection, ---- it also
C) not only / but also D) as / as casts new light on the mystery of why nature invented
E) no sooner / than feathers in the first place.
48. ---- they are accessible by boat only, these islands are A) whether B) where C) but
still largely undeveloped. D) so E) whereas
A) Even B) As if 55. Countries are interested ---- in their absolute

C) Although D) Consequently economic welfare, ---- in how well they are performing
E) Since compared to other countries.
49. Reinforced concrete was used for the new buildings A) both / as well as B) as / as C) so much / as
____ there should ever be another landslide in the D) more / but E) not only / but also
vicinity.
56. Unemployment continued to rise during the first half
A) due to B) in spite of C) according to of the decade, ____ .
D) in case E) instead
A) even if the workers could have received additional
50. In child development, play and exploration are similar fringe benefits
---- they are both intrinsically motivated behaviours B) as the rate of inflation will go up accordingly
and not directed by external goals. C) while most companies would have been badly hit
D) but thereafter stabilised at about six per cent
A) on the other hand B) whereas C) otherwise E) despite the fact that the volume of exports cannot be
D) after E) since increased

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57. ____ , the response of the West divided world opinion 61. ____ the end result was extremely disappointing.
A) As soon as the NATO countries have formulated an A) Although much energy and time had gone into the
effective policy production of the play
B) Unless Iraq is severely punished for its aggression B) Even if the government has approved the new scheme
C) No matter how the board is constituted C) Working only a few hours a day
D) As was to be expected D) Owing to the qualified employees
E) When the oil-producing countries gather in Vienna to E) What made the staff feel disappointed
Discuss
62. ____ , although they didn’t have any really serious
58. Do not attempt to cut down or prune large trees ____ . grounds for doing so.
A) just as branches that appeared healthy had in fact A) Quite a lot of the objections will be easily dealt with
been rotten inside B) The foreman may take it on himself to fire the man
B) unless you are absolutely confident that you can do it C) Several people are thinking of declining the invitation
properly D) Several nations boycotted the games
C) by making sure that your neighbours were not opposed E) Conclusions reigned at the following meeting
to it at all
D) if the weather conditions had not been taken into 63. ____ he’ll never be as successful as his father is.
account
E) in case the manager rejected the findings A) However hard he tries
B) He should have realised years ago
59. Even though the imagery James Joyce used in his C) It must have been hard for him to admit
novels is intensely personal, ____ D) Walter should have said
E) It didn’t seem likely
A) themes related to Irish life had always been popular
among Irish novelists. 64. James insisted on taking us all for dinner ____ .
B) he had played a major role in the development of the
novel. A) whenever he comes to Istanbul for a weekend
C) some critics have argued that it has archetypal B) since he’s really very hard up at the moment
patterns. C) even though he really couldn’t afford to
D) perhaps the best-known Irish writer is Bernard Shaw. D) that there was so little to eat in the house
E) most Irish writers have been keenly interested in E) before the contract would have been signed
drama.
65. ____ by the time they him got to the hospital.
60. ____ the trend to withdraw savings from bank
continues A) The cause of the accident will be fully understood
B) He has been critically ill
A) Since the value of many shares on the stock would C) The condition of patient had deteriorated considerably
have dropped by as much as a half every hour D) They still don’t realise how serious his situation is
B) When export restrictions on certain goods were finally E) The doctor on duty should give him a blood transfusion
lifted
C) If the Central Bank had taken firmer instructions at the 66. As soon as the German troops crossed the Polish
start frontier, ____
D) Unless the interest rates are raised at once
E) Inasmuch as the financial situation is steadily A) the allied forces had launched their first massive
deteriorating attack.
B) the people have been massacred and towns
devastated.
C) the Poles withdraw to a more strategic position.
D) Britain declared war against Germany.
E) disease had not been prevented.

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67. Even though the imagery James Joyce used in his 71. As the miners have called off the strike ____ .
novels is intensely personal, ____
A) the daily coal production had increased considerably
A) themes related to Irish life had always been popular B) the Coal Board is prepared to reconsider the proposals
among Irish novelists. of the union leaders
B) he had played a major role in the development of the C) if the chairman of the Coal Board expressed his
novel. satisfaction
C) some critics have argued that it has archetypal D) there would have been a sense of relief nationwide
patterns. E) the extent of the dispute was being ignored
D) perhaps the best-known Irish writer is Bernard Shaw.
E) most Irish writers have been keenly interested in 72. After the new law comes into effect next month, ____ .
drama.
A) there will be a radical change in the structure of local
68. ____ not even his wife will be allowed to visit him. administration
B) we should have prepared the way for a smooth political
A) Before the results of the tests had come through transition
B) Although the surgeon was unwilling to operate for a C) the policy on industrial relations had to be abandoned
week D) all the hospitals in the country had been made
C) As long as the patient started to recover accountable to the Ministry of Health
D) Despite the fact that he proved allergic to certain E) the case may have been reconsidered
medicines
E) While he remains in the intensive care unit 73. Earlier this century, Chicago acquired a reputation for
colourful politicians, newspapermen and gangsters,
69. ____ the trend to withdraw savings from bank ____ .
continues
A) simply because commerce has been the key to the
A) Since the value of many shares on the stock would city’s development
have dropped by as much as a half every hour B) just as today Chicago remains a city of close-knit
B) When export restrictions on certain goods were finally ethnic neighbourhoods
lifted C) even though the city has become a centre for meat
C) If the Central Bank had taken firmer instructions at the products
start D) but its cultural life was less well known then
D) Unless the interest rates are raised at once E) as it is located at the conjunction of the Great Lakes
E) Inasmuch as the financial situation is steadily and the Mississippi River system and surrounded by
deteriorating the productive farmlands of the Midwest
70. ____ we will not stay away from the basic policies that 74. ____ , he refuses to accept any of their suggestions.
our party has always upheld.
A) Even though the committee members had approved the
A) When the polling, which had been heavy, was over plan in full
B) Although we are bitterly disappointed at the outcome of B) While the speaker considers politics to be the art of
the recent elections persuasion
C) Which party got the majority of the votes C) Since he is so prejudiced in this matter
D) Even if they had had a landslide victory D) Because the discussions at the conference would have
E) Since the results of the elections came in so slowly included a wide range of issues
E) if they told him that he had to make up his mind as soon
as possible

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75. Construction workers will go on strike next Monday 79. Although microeconomic theories try to explain how
____ . large numbers of firms act in the marketplace, ----.
A) that they negotiated for over five hours and were A) economists faced several unique problems
unable to reach an agreement with the management B) they are quite poor at describing or predicting the
B) so long as the only solution for a settlement is an actual behaviour of any one particular real-world firm
independent enquiry into their working condition C) managers try to minimize inventory costs, meet
C) because the two sides have done their best to settle production schedules and devise diverse product
their dispute by bargaining mixes
D) in case the workers were asked to compromise and D) behavioural theories had been far more descriptive
accept a pay rise of 20 % and predictive of the behaviour of individual firms and
E) unless the management agrees to accept their claim for managers
a 60 % pay increase E) its primary aim is to promote organizational values and
interests
76. The company will need fewer office workers ____ .
80. The building of the Toshka canal in Egypt was
A) since some were looking for jobs with other firms carefully planned ----.
B) when the computer network has been installed
C) as long as the sales continued to increase A) if the inlet starts at a point 8 km north of Toshka bay
D) in order to discuss ways of combating unemployment B) as the mistakes made in earlier canals had
E) even though the current economic recession is likely to proved costly
continue for another six months C) as if the desert could become green
D) until the amount of water required was
77. ____ she did not turn seriously to writing until after agreed on
her husband's death in 1883. E) that wealthy investors could easily be found
A) Although Kate Chopin had previously contemplated a 81. Germany is similar in many ways to France, Italy and
literary career the UK ----.
B) Since Kate Chopin had been thinking about a literary
career A) unless it attaches primary importance to both
C) As far as Kate Chopin's interest in literature was multilateral and bilateral diplomacy
concerned B) as though the EU were essentially in control of
D) Once Kate Chopin had decided to live the rest of her environmental policies
life in New Orleans C) where the foreign policy process in Germany had to
E) However much interest Kate Chopin's short stories agree to a compromise in recent years
have aroused D) although this had led to arguments concerning the
proper role of the German Foreign Ministry in shaping
78. ---- there's a lot of truth in the saying that an and implementing policy
orchestra is only as good as its conductor. E) in that it is one of just a few European states which
attempt to maintain worldwide representation
A) Though there are exceptions
B) If the orchestra were in better shape 82. A colour-blind person cannot see any difference
C) Since his abilities as an orchestra builder are between two colours ----.
very impressive
D) Once they had gained international recognition A) while to people with normal sight they are clearly
E) Since music critics are involved in a serious different
controversy B) as if red and green were completely different
C) if this were the case with traffic-lights
D) since this is a potentially dangerous situation
E) whether the top light or the bottom light signals “stop”

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83. Although the British Royal Navy claims that it was 86. Oxygen, sugars and amino acids are allowed into the
not operating any warships in the area at the time, ---- brain ----.
A) underwater noise hasn’t been fully recognized as a A) as toxins could severely impair the brain’s functioning
form of pollution B) which provided early evidence of the blood-brain
B) it must have been military sonar that killed the whales barrier
and dolphins C) but most other substances are kept out
C) there are no hard and fast guidelines for seismic D) that controls which molecules in the bloodstream can
surveys enter the brain
D) the UK would have had 25 warships which carried E) just as no other organ is equally efficient
active sonar
E) a number of marine mammals beached themselves 87. Unless we get a lot of rain soon, ____
during this American military operation
A) the price of fruit this year has been very reasonable
84. All the major cities and islands of Spain have B) a great deal of land is still under water
airports, ----. C) the rainy season came late this year
D) they have already put away their winter clothes
A) but buses will be a faster and more frequently used E) the harvest this year will be a poor one
option between smaller towns
B) until Spain has an increasingly efficient transportation 88. ____ as if surgery may be unnecessary.
system
C) even if both the road and rail networks were greatly A) They had already explained
improved during the 1980s and in the run-up to the B) In the light of the latest report, it looks
Barcelona Olympics in 1992 C) The doctor might have decided
D) so in much of rural Spain, public transportation is D) According to the final tests one can conclude
limited and a car is the most practical solution for E) The patient was encouraged
getting around
E) though only a few of them cater to international Flights 89. ____ unless more funding is made available.
85. ----, they operate as effective carriers and may pass it A) He was praised for his scholarly achievement
on to other birds which are more susceptible. B) He failed to reach any satisfactory conclusion
C) The company has taken serious measures to improve
A) Though many migratory birds are immune to the the working conditions
effects of the avian flu virus D) No remarkable progress had been made
B) Since many residents of outlying villages have refused E) It will be impossible to carry out any further research
to carry out the culling of their chickens to prevent the
spread of avian flu 90. ____ the end result was extremely disappointing.
C) Despite the fact that the avian flu virus is spread,
primarily, by migratory birds A) Although much energy and time had gone into the
D) As symptoms of bird flu in humans are similar to those production of the play
of common flu B) Even if the government has approved the new scheme
E) If the spread of the avian flu virus through populations C) Working only a few hours a day
of wild birds remains unchecked D) Owing to the qualified employees
E) What made the staff feel disappointed
91. I suggest you finish all the work by noon ____ .
A) whenever there happened to be an important match on

the television
B) why you want to go to the lake for a swim
C) whether you demanded an increase in your wages
D) however impossible it was
E) so that you can take the afternoon off

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92. I fear a lot of workers will be made redundant, ____ . 97. The project he has in mind is ____ complicated to be
feasible.
A) just as the global computer market would have declined
rapidly A) very B) too C) so
B) when so many other factories had been closed down D) such E) as
C) since so many of us are looking forward to our
retirement 98. An hour after the accident he was conscious ____ to
D) unless the company finds new markets for its goods describe how it had happened.
E) whatever improvements could be made in the working
conditions A) enough B) more C) as well
D) so much E) fairly
93. ____ they still haven’t chosen the team of the
engineers. 99. In some parts of Turkey, farming is still carried out
with primitive tools despite many advances in
A) Although work on the project should have started last technology.
week
B) When they start work on the dam next week A) In many parts of Turkey the use of simple tools has
C) Whoever made the designs for this block of flats become obsolete as a result of technological
D) In order to find out why the plane crashed advances.
E) As soon as the new model became available B) As regards agricultural methods, Turkey has made little
progress.
94. ____ , the United Nations is still far from reaching any C) Modern agricultural tools should have been introduced
agreement on what action take. to the farmers in Turkey by now.
D) Although technology has advanced a great deal, there
A) Whatever the price that has to be paid to restore peace are some places in Turkey where farmers still use out-
B) If the famine in Africa is to get relief of-date tools.
C) While many innocent lives are being lost in internal E) In spite of the primitive tools used in farming, Turkey is
conflicts a leading country from the point of agriculture.
D) Whoever is responsible for all this bloodshed
E) Despite the fact that the world population had increased 100. Unless the northern part of the country gets some
at an unprecedented rate rain soon _____
95. Since there was no positive evidence against him, A) they were considering reducing supplies even further
____ . B) cotton would not have been a suitable crop for the area
C) they have already started to irrigate the rice fields
A) the police have always suspected he is the murderer D) it seems that the new dam is not very efficient
B) the witnesses have been completely unsatisfactory E) there'll be a poor fruit crop this year
C) the verdict had already been given
D) the trial would have been postponed indefinitely 101. Even though there were a great many applicants for
E) the judge had no other choice but to acquit him the vacancy, _____
96. The officer in charge of the evacuation tried to find A) not one of them had the qualifications required
out ____ . B) actually the salary is expected to improve
C) the new recruits will be put on a three-week special
A) in case the roads had been flooded training program
B) so that the people escape D) unfortunately some of the staff had already resigned
C) whether the tents would reach them by the evening E) the personnel department cannot cope with the paper
D) however hungry everyone might have been work
E) that more supplies will be needed

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102. I wished I hadn't given him a job in the firm _____ 107. So long as certain countries continue to shelter
terrorists ____ .
A) although he is less efficient than I once assumed
B) unless he makes a big effort to prove he can be useful A) the hope of preserving international security was
C) wherever a suitable vacancy may occur sheltered
D) that my father was a founding member B) the United Nations should have taken suitable action
E) when I saw him behaving in such an irresponsible against them
manner C) the government had taken the matter to the Helsinki
Conference
103. Alec must have taken my car _____ D) the chances of eradicating terrorism unfortunately
remain silent
A) since no one else knows where I keep the car keys E) their aims would have been publicly condemned
B) that I left it in front of the office throughout the West
C) if we have arranged to meet at the dentist’s
D) since he would never do such a thing 108. However relentlessly they pursue this policy of
E) as soon as I get back from the concert austerity ____ .
104. Wouldn't it be advisable to seek a second opinion A) we would be determined to withstand any political
_____? pressure
B) the country would have benefited from it enormously
A) as events were to prove in the end C) the masses were deprived of the opportunity to
B) if the operation had to take place improve their living conditions
C) that it was legally sound D) the Opposition had denounced it vehemently
D) before we come to any definite decision E) they will never manage to put the economy onto a
E) why there were no obvious problems better footing
105. ____ I don’t think it will be able to hold off an attack 109. Even though the Security Council has imposed
of the rebels. various sanctions on the country ____ .
A) As Bosnia drawing to its close A) the other member countries were in principle
B) Until more troops were mobilised opposed to them
C) Wherever there are skirmishes along the frontier B) most of the people had been forced to leave in dire
D) Since our allies had promised more reinforcements distress
E) Unless the peace keeping force gets adequate C) it doesn’t seem likely that they will have any effect at
reinforcements all
D) nothing good had been gained out of it
106. ____ such a restrictive policy is likely to cause a lot E) the United Nations has ratified it
of damage.
110. Cars entail a great many expenses ____ .
A) As soon as the new managing director took up his
position A) so long as one doesn’t use them excessively
B) Should the monetary situation have deteriorated B) unless one could get a sufficient loan from the bank
C) In case the receipts turned out to be forgeries C) in case a number of people cannot afford them
D) Just as the world economy was picking up D) so it’s worth thinking carefully before buying one
E) As far as the long term interests of the company are E) however essential they were thought to be in
concerned business life

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111. Once the final draft of the contract is approved, ___ . 116. Although global environmental trends over the past
few decades have generally not been favourable,
A) the United States agreed not to intervene any further ____
B) the members of the two delegations would have
worked out their differences A) the built up of new houses in the forests would have
C) it will then be typed and submitted for ratification been reduced
D) the next stage was to estimate the costs B) some positive developments are nevertheless
E) a number of concessions were to be made by both beginning to emerge
sides C) they had inadvertently assumed responsibility for it
D) future generations would not have been deprived of
112. Grain dominates the world food economy ____ . the opportunity to support themselves
E) deforestation proved to be the lesser of the two evils
A) since it accounts for half of the human calorie intake
B) which in turn has led to a greater interest in nutrition 117. Unless strict measures are put into force to control
C) which might have resulted in the emergence of a noise ____ .
trade deficit
D) that resulted in a moderate decline in exchange rates A) the migration to rural areas seems likely to continue
E) until the steep rise in the purchasing power of oil put unabated
an end to it B) the complaints were not attended to at all
C) every teenager seemed to be enamoured of extremely
113. ____ , I had to notify not only the police but also the loud music
health authorities. D) this would have been regarded as a serious breach of
regulations
A) Late as it is E) a rural existence would naturally have been preferable
B) However reluctant I may be
C) Whoever sends in the complaint 118. ____ , Huddersfield was one of the few textile towns
D) As it turned out that continued to grow in the twentieth century.
E) Until this finally becomes law
A) If the government lifted the sanctions
114. Queen Elizbeth I delighted to participate in the court B) Since its trade was both flexible and varied
dance ____ . C) However unpopular the scheme had seemed to many
D) As soon as the industrial revolution got under way
A) since nobody has dared to criticise her E) Just as many industrial areas are competing with
B) if her health would have permitted her to each other
C) even when she was an old lady
D) whenever there may be an audience to applaud her 119. Smallpox inoculation became popular ____ .
E) that she liked to be the centre of attention
A) that eventually this disease would have been
115. Once the new system had gone into effect ____ . completely wiped out
B) even though the success rate, according to recent
A) everyone had predicted the drawbacks from the start statistics, is still rather doubtful
B) the organisers won’t face innumerable problems C) even if it had not been a fatal disease that brought
C) few of us were prepared for such devastating result death to all levels of society
D) those who oppose it are advised to stay silent D) however unlikely one is to come in contact with the
E) people realised that their anxieties about it had been disease
groundless E) only after Janner’s discovery that the less dangerous
cowpox material was an effective immunizing agent

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120. ____ , even though many countries are stepping up 125. ____ some of America’s most innovative architects
their own production. set about rebuilding it in a bold style known as the
“Chicago school”.
A) This is just one of many developments in international
trade A) After a great fire destroyed much of Chicago in 1871
B) England still imported a great deal of tropical fruit B) While Chicago was soon to emerge as the literary
C) Turkey's exports of fruit and vegetables will have capital of the United States
dropped sharply C) Because Chicago has traditionally been regarded as
D) Steel remains an important item on international trade “the great laboratory of American democracy
E) By the end of the month figures concerning the dollar D) As immigrants from many European countries had
reserves will have been processed settled in ethnic enclaves in Chicago
E) As long as Chicago remains the gateway to the rest
121. Before the national Health Service Act came into of the nation for food products and industrial
force in 1948 in England, ____ . opportunities
A) the funding of hospitals was a major issue in home 126. Though the term “human rights” is of recent origin,
politics ____ .
B) there have been angry debates about the necessity for
it A) there are certain actions that are never permissible
C) these people aren't able to afford medical advice and certain freedoms that should never be invaded
D) everyone realised that these were all fundamentally, B) after 1933 the Western world realised that it was
political issues living in an age of totalitarian dictatorship far worse
E) many doctors would feel that the transition had been than old monarchic absolutism
extremely painful C) natural rights can be seen in their origins as claims
that everyone naturally makes
122. The answer to the question ____ great art can exist D) some politicians claim that any doctrine of human
independently of religion will, ____ , depend on rights must be in some sense a doctrine of natural
society’s moral and aesthetic values. rights
E) the idea itself can be traced back through John
A) what / in the same way Locke in the seventeenth century to the great
B) even if / in due course philosophers of classical antiquity
C) whether / to a large extent
D) so that / in short 127. As unemployment is currently a major social issue,
E) since / now and again ____ .
123. Activists are those in a political movement who A) the strikes have really crippled the industry and,
insist on taking active steps towards their consequently, the export of manufactured goods has
objectives ____ merely putting forward an action come to a standstill
program. B) the measures introduced had little effect on the
improvement of the country’s economic performance
A) in order to B) rather than C) as far as C) its worst economic effects have been partly softened
D) in that E) so long as by the government’s introduction of unemployment
compensation
124. He is diplomatically qualified ____ to negotiate for a D) the economic prospect was far from encouraging
mutual reduction of the armed forces in the region. E) people are not working as hard as their belief in the
work ethic indicates that they should be
A) enough B) though C) as well as
D) not only E) also

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128. When a firm wants to fill a vacancy, ____ . 132. Private investments play ____ important a part in the
country’s long-running economic expansion ____ no
A) there are always staff who want to leave for various government dares to increase taxation on personal
reasons savings.
B) the candidates have all been required to write an
essay on the current economic situation in Europe A) too / that B) such / as C) much / so
C) the applicants were invited for an interview before a D) so / that E) as / as
committee of specialists
D) it is essential that future managers must be trained as 133. Before Freud shed light on dreams and extraordinary
thoroughly as possible role of the subconscious, ____ .
E) it usually puts an advertisement in a newspaper
A) there are many who have grasped their significance
129. _____ you get magnificent views of the oak-covered B) educated people in particular regarded dreams as
slopes of these coastal mountain ranges that rise up meaningless and pointless
from the Pacific. C) many traditional ways of interpreting dreams are
being analysed
A) If only the new road had been opened D) the relationship between stress and dreams would
B) As they headed for San Francisco surely have been recognised
C) However unfairly the state of the roads was being E) many great writers still draw on the principles of
attacked human psychology
D) Even though a great deal of money went into
constructing the road 134. ____ until Thomas Paine published The Common
E) As you drive along the coast road Sense and sparked off the American Revolution.
130. Although the effects of the famine have been made A) George Washington considered himself a loyal
worse by the political instability in the country _____ . British subject
B) Idealism hasn’t often been a determining factor
A) the West would have shown its sympathy in a most C) Voltaire’s influence would have been more
generous manner pervasive,
B) it was beyond the power of any government to D) That was a period of radical change in all spheres
undertake the responsibility E) They were the people responsible for shaping the
C) a fair distribution of the available food will have been national character of the United States
achieved
D) so one disaster was naturally followed by another 135. Though Hong Kong used to be one of the world’s
E) food is now being distributed wherever it is needed most alluring shopping centres, ____ .
131. _____ , but it is not the only one. A) competition seems to be growing even keener
B) this was no longer the case
A) Newspaper prices have risen dramatically in recent C) it might have remained a fashionable holiday resort
years D) others did not share this opinion
B) Most diseases are caused by germs and bad hygiene E) it is now one of its most expensive
C) Technological competition is a serious problem for
the book industry
D) The printing press was invented by Johann
Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany in the fifteenth century
E) The judge rebuked the witnesses for their
disrespectful behaviour during the trial

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136. The overall quality of life in today’s world cannot be 141. As heavy rain had been forecast for the area, ____ .
improved ____ .
A) record harvest are expected this year
A) just as population growth would strain the global urban B) they would presumably cancel the excursion to the
environment ruins in the valley
B) while the underdeveloped countries were ignored C) I can’t imagine why they neglected to take all
completely by international agencies like the United necessary precautions to avoid flooding
Nations and the World Bank D) farm labours would have to work overtime and
C) as the population of that part of the world rose from 800 weekends
million in 1960 to 1.2 billion in 1985 E) the resulting floods caused widespread hardships
D) unless the developed countries are prepared to offer a
helping hand to the underdeveloped 142. If only they had realised that our supplies were
E) whenever the OECD declines to support a series of running out ____ .
projects for the development of poorer countries
A) the crisis might still be avoided
137. Some avalanches move no faster than 40 kilometres B) those in charge could put the matter right
per hour, ____ . C) nobody could appreciate the gravity of the situation
D) there were reinforcement ready to be sent out
A) while others have been estimated to have a speed of E) they would most certainly have done something
about 300 kilometres per hour about it
B) even if the damage they did was minimal compared
with the destruction caused by hurricanes and 143. The new longer-acting drugs promise to protect
earthquakes asthma patients for up to 12 hours, ____ .
C) despite the fact that snow lying on a steep slope is
always liable to avalanche A) even though medical authorities had been
D) for the wind sometimes reaches a force almost equal concerned about the side effects
to that of a tornado B) as long as the results of this research project are
E) so that in such areas measures may be taken to confirmed within the month
prevent large avalanches C) so that they can sleep better at night
D) since the findings have not yet been thoroughly
138. Today the expansion of knowledge in astronomy, studied
physics, chemistry, and biology is ____ vast and E) which could have proved to be a most remarkable
complex, and multiplying ____ quickly to be medical breakthrough
mastered fully.
144. Before Freud shed light on dreams and extraordinary
A) so / that B) just as / as C) as well / as role of the subconscious ____ .
D) so / so E) too / too
A) the relationship between stress and dreams would
139. Scientists rely on computers to model phenomena surely have been recognised
____ would ____ be difficult to observe. B) there are many who have grasped their significance
C) many traditional ways of interpreting dreams are
A) whereby / in case B) such as / nonetheless being analysed
C) which / nevertheless D) that / otherwise D) educated people often regarded dreams as
E) so that / in fact meaningless and pointless
E) many great writers still draw on the principles of
140. ____ suggestion he may make as regards the tax human psychology
rate, let’s not give any response ____ we have
discussed the matter thoroughly together.
A) However / when B) Whatever / until

C) Whyever / after D) Whatsoever / while
E) Whenever / before

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145. Our first impression of the new director was 151. Once we get through with the background material
distinctly favourable ____ . ____ .
A) though we were sorry to see the old one go A) the weather is still not suitable for on-site work
B) unless his manner was more formal than we were B) we still haven’t had any opportunity to get down to
used to the practical work
C) however reluctant we are to go along with the new C) the course will start to get much more interesting
policy D) work on the wards proved demanding as well as
D) until the efficiency of his methods can be rewarding
established E) as hardly surprising that we’re progressing so slowly
E) that he was determined to restore the firm to its
former glory 152. ____ even though he hasn’t got enough financial
backing for it.
146. ____ , it was not long before they could resume
broadcasting. A) Never before had he faced failure
B) That’s the city of it all
A) If only their permit had been renewed C) Technical matters had received the largest share of
B) Once the fault in the system had been found his attention
C) So long as the electrical supply remains stable D) The scheme was hardly likely to succeed
D) Since the maintenance team were on leave E) He seems determined to go ahead with the project
E) However unwelcome the delay might be
153. However far-fetched the story may seem, ____ .
147. Fish farming in the world seems to be destined to
expand, but it is ____ early to predict the likely A) people say that truth is stranger than fiction
extent of growth in this field. B) newspaper headlines are, after all, far from reliable
C) we can assume that there is a basis of truth in it
A) as well B) enough C) too D) we have always known she loves to exaggerate
D) as E) so far E) it really doesn’t matter if some details are wrong
148. The term "aborigines" signifies the original 154. Since these new printers weigh less than 900 grams,
inhabitants of any country, ____ the native tribes of ____.
Australia.
A) they really deserve to be called portable
A) with regard to B) due to C) in spite of B) their performance is invariably admirable
D) in particular E) according to C) most people have been misled by their price
D) they were readily available at all the best retailers
149. In developing new collective defense policies, E) the research team has already moved onto a new
America and her European allies will ____ be drawn project
closer together ____ drift irreversibly apart.
155. Unless the Central European countries can keep
A) either / or B) not only / but also their labour costs at this level, ____ .
C) so / that D) both / and
E) just as / so A) exports are already starting to drop
B) they haven’t been able to compete with Western
150. ____ , there was something un-English about his Europe
sentence structure C) unrest in these countries would have been
unavoidable
A) Since Raleigh made classical writers his models D) the finished products will have to go up in price
B) If that were really a translation E) a firm control of distribution and sales has not proved
C) However difficult it is to read adequate
D) Before he has time to develop a style of his own
E) Once he has established his reputation

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156. While businesses and stores have started to perform 161. ____ a greet many alarming theories are sure to
well and make profits, ____ . spring to the fore.
A) only a crack in the stock market was to be feared A) Before the truth had been verified
B) inflation and unemployment have been held in check B) Even though his death had almost certainly been
C) the economy ought to be able to withstand a from natural causes
recession C) If several perfectly natural explanations had been put
D) the Euro currency could stand up to so much criticism forward
E) fiscal transfers across European nation states were of D) Whenever there are anonymous terrorist attacks
minimal importance E) As soon as this admittedly unpleasant incident got
forgotten
157. The changes in the legal system are finally being
regarded with approval ____ . 162. Since the cleaning up of the pollution of the seas is
so expensive, ____.
A) whenever there is a series of unsolved crimes
B) until another wave of crime spread across the A) the project had progressed as expected
country B) large corporations would offer contributions
C) because recently there has been a definite decline in C) the question of liability inevitably arises
the crime rate D) excessive care provided the answer
D) while the police force itself is dubious about it E) the final result has still to be analysed
E) as if there could have been some other feasible
alternative 163. Though the word "democracy" is often used, ____.
158. ____ half of the budget of the US National Institute A) they are basically quite different from each other
on Ageing is spent on research into Alzheimer’s B) we had agreed on a definition
disease. C) majority rule and minority rights went back even
further
A) As much as B) More of C) Rather than D) it means different things to different people
D) Other E) The most E) it has been argued that democracy and an advanced
level of civilisation go together
159. Though they had ____ government backing ____ a
potential home market, the company poured billions 164. He felt that soil drainage should be kept to a
of dollars into the project and lost everything. minimum ____ much of the rainfall could be
retained ____ soil moisture.
A) with / less B) neither / nor C) some / any
D) no / without E) few / more A) so that / as B) even though / such as
C) whereas / like D) whereby / such
160. More importantly, Dobson's book is a reminder of E) whether / or
____ powerful and radical green thinking can be.
165. Unless they promise to use some of the money to
A) ever so B) how far C) wherever improve career prospects for young scientists, ____
D) much more E) just how
A) the issue under discussion has been dropped
B) there were a number of things we had to take into
account
C) no one else thought of opposing the scheme
D) the money left over from donations could be included
E) we feel we cannot give our support to the campaign

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166. ____ , Japanese firms moved the more intensive 170. ____ , their environmental consequences are very
phases of their production process to cheap labour disturbing.
sites in East Asia.
A) Whatever high-yielding variety of wheat is
A) As production cost in Japan had become excessive recommended
B) Unless the working day is kept at eight hours B) Because traditional Indian food is of high nutritive
C) Once the trade unions in Japan have won a few value
more victories C) Though artificial fertilizers ensure high crop-yields
D) So long as a reduction in costs remains the primary D) Since new agricultural policies have been introduced
goal by the government
E) If interest rates in Japan had remained high E) However costly the construction of new irrigation
systems may have been
167. Since some food products lose popularity rather
quickly, ____. 171. Perhaps these people are ____ ignorant to realize
____ serious a threat these fertilizers are to their
A) the best age group to aim at would undoubtedly have health.
been teenagers
B) many such companies actually want bankrupt A) more / than B) so / why C) as much / as
C) the industry has constantly to be ready with fresh D) too / just how E) not only / but also
ideas
D) in the end it was the need for collective bargaining 172. _____ the past few decades South Korea, Taiwan,
that was understood Singapore and Hong Kong have achieved the fastest
E) the job didn't offer him anything interesting rates _____ economic growth the world has ever
seen.
168. Though the construction of a bridge across the river
would doubtless prove popular, ____ . A) Within / at B) During / of
C) After / in D) Before / over
A) the technology to be transferred is quite suitable E) Over / about
B) eight councils would have been committed to arrange
it 173. Few things _____ unnerved the Spanish conquerors
C) similar designs are on view everywhere of the New World _____ the prospect of death on an
D) it will not be easy to raise enough money to do it Aztec sacrificial stone.
E) it is a German-Japanese consortium that gives the
orders A) as / as B) so / as C) not only / but also
D) neither / nor E) such / that
169. ____ , a committee will be set up to determine just
how to turn the museum into private non-profit 174. The great bulk of industrial work nowadays involves
corporation. the use of machines, and it is certain that
mechanization will proceed _____ in the future.
A) As long as there were no rival claims
B) As soon as the board has approved the project A) besises B) on the other hand
C) However much disappointment it would have caused C) further still D) ever since
them E) just as
D) If such a crisis could have been avoided
E) Whoever managed to deceive you 175. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline
engines _____ the fact that a larger proportion of the
fuel used is burned.
A) consequently B) following C) owing to

D) contrary to E) in order that

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176. Let’s take the ferry to Bandırma from where it’s only 180. _____ when some groups of the population become
a short drive to Bursa, _____ driving all the way from wealthier while others become poorer.
Istanbul to Bursa.
A) Consumption will depend partly on the real wealth
A) in addition to B) more than C) besides of individuals
D) instead of E) except for B) A higher standard of living as enjoyed by all
C) income distribution becomes more unequal
177. As biologists continue to study interrelationships of D) practically all the income transferred to the poor will
the living systems that inhabit our planet ______. be spent on necessities
E) inflation affects all members of a society
A) metabolic reactions occur continuously in every living
organism. 181. _____, the current flows steadily in one direction, and
B) an expanding human population and increased this is called direct current.
consumer demand for energy, homes and highways
are causing the rapid destruction of vital ecosystems A) When a battery is connected to a circuit
C) energy is required to maintain the precise order that B) Though the electric plugs have still to be checked
characterizes ecosystems C) As electrical energy can easily be transformed into
D) research in molecular biology and genetics has led to other forms of energy
new insights into disease processes D) Whenever the supply of electricity to homes and
E) they enhance our awareness of our impact on the factories is cut off
environment E) Since the electric wiring has been specially
designed to carry heavy loads
178. ______, it should not be assumed that a theory is
“proved” by testing 182. Unless he gives people a change to get to know him
better, _____.
A) Whereas many people think of science as a
mechanical process of collecting facts and devising A) he would have been misunderstood by everyone in
theories the company
B) Although the testing of theories is a distinguishing B) he won’t collect enough support to win the election
feature of science C) everyone got dissatisfied, and it showed in their
C) Since physics is one of the major branches of work
science D) taking over the job of a much–loved and highly
D) When the history of science tells us that long-held respected manager is not at all easy
theories are replaced by new ones E) his proposal actually wasn’t either particularly
E) In so far as the careful carrying out of experiments is original or even feasible
a crucial part of scientific activity
183. Iron deficiency is one of the commonest causes of
179. Whenever we pick up a newspaper or turn on the anaemia ____.
television, _______.
A) since even in a good diet the supply of iron is only just
A) there are, of course, numerous non–economic forces adequate.
that determine and mould our decision-making B) why adolescents outgrow their stones of iron
processes C) which would result in brittle nails
B) there are clear lines of demarcation between D) though new ways of treating pernicious anaemia were
economics and politics soon introduced
C) it is natural that economics constitutes a significant E) as numerous iron preparation are available for
percentage of our media coverage treatment
D) generally politics is defined as the art of government
and, as such, is seriously concerned with economics.
E) we are likely to be bombarded with facts and figures
on such subjects as pollution, unemployment an
inflation.

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184. Unless a country can establish the fact that its 188. ____ the letters written by so many parents, the
economy is sound, ____. headmaster agreed not to expel the boys.
A) only the very rich have risked their money there A) In response to B) With reference to
B) the world's public and private lenders alike refuse to C) In case of D) Apart from
extent bonds E) Pertaining to
C) trade-agreements were rarely made in its favour
D) the industrial projects there did not receive adequate 189. Beethoven’s seventeen string quartet’s hold ____
backing the same position in chamber music ____ his
E) even an abundance of mineral resources could not symphonies hold in the orchestral repertoire.
have saved the situation
A) as / that B) much / as C) quite / whether
185. Because a relatively high proportion of breed is D) just / what E) thus / than
included in the daily food intake of most peoples,
____. 190. Unfortunately, ----- current productivity growth looks
impressive, the rise in profits over the coming years
A) the main ingredients have always been flour and is likely to prove disappointing.
yeast
B) it would be subsidised in many countries A) since B) just as C) even though
C) there are several other methods of producing it D) if E) which
D) different shapes were being evolved to provide some
variety 191. Following four Mars mission losses, an independent
E) it is of considerable importance from the point of report paints a very clear picture of ----- what ails the
view of diet US space programme, ----- what must be done to fix
it
186. The authorities intensified their investigations into
the smuggling of nuclear material _____ . A) whether / though B) either / or C) how/and
D) thus/that E) not only / but also
A) that the police had received a tip-off to this effect
B) until they found evidence of radioactivity 192. The problem with antiseptics is that ____ killing
C) immediately after the radioactive plates were found germs they ____ kill the surrounding tissues.
D) if any other explanation could be found
E) even if there have been several cases of attempted A) far / from B) so far as / too
plutonium trading C) as much as / both D) besides / as well
E) as well as / also
187. ____, so the introduction of metalworking made
trade with the outside world inevitable. 193. ----- despite the claim of his lawyers that his
statements had been made under "highly coercive
A) Compared with those of the iron age, stone age tools conditions".
were very primitive
B) Many ones, such as copper and tin are not found in A) John Walker refused to reveal the secrets of his life
all countries in Afghanistan
C) The "bronze age" is a term used in prehistoric B) The American Taliban, John Walker, had been
archaeology denied bail by the court
D) The chemical processes involved in the smelting of C) John Walker, the American Taliban, came from a
ones were not as complicated humble background
E) subsequently the knowledge of metalworking must D) John Walker was indicted by a federal grand jury
have spread among the less advanced communities E) John Walker played a leading role in Taliban
around activities

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194. Though some scholars argue that -----, others say 198. Unfortunately, ----- stamping out the drugs' trade,
that the beginning of the 15th century saw its real these programmes are simply forcing drug growers
rise. to move into more inaccessible regions.
A) by the latter part of the 12th century most of the A) besides B) rather than C) in addition to
literary conventions of Urdu literature have already D) due to E) as for
been well established
B) the 12th century was the time of the great religious 199. ----- the Civil War, those years turned out to be a
movements in India golden era for the magazine industry.
C) Urdu literature dates back to the 12th century
D) most of the literary writings in India in the 12th A) Despite B) Obviously C) Although
century consisted of religious tracts and allegories D) Pertaining to E) Nevertheless
E) most Urdu poets in the 12th century turned to
romances and narratives of heroic deeds 200. The micro air vehicles they are working on are -----
small that it will be almost impossible to detect
195. Though coral reefs are among the richest them with radar.
ecosystems on the planet, -.
A) too B) as C) such
A) they grow in crystal-clear waters that contain hardly D) so E) more
any nutrients
B) nutrient uptake is closely related to the degree of 201. Kerrich carried out exhaustive experiments in
movement in the sea probability -----.
C) the rough surfaces are what make this possible
D) they are also skilled at recycling A) until the coin has been tossed a thousand times
E) changes in turbulence accurately predicted the rate B) if he had been arrested when the Germans invaded
of nutrient uptake Denmark
C) whether the coin toss is truly random
196. -----, there just wasn't enough evidence to convict D) while he was interned in a camp in Jutland for the
him. duration of the war
E) that he has been acclaimed as one of South Africa's
A) If the trial had been postponed to a later date leading mathematicians
B) Since almost nothing the accused himself said could
be substantiated 202. Little is known about life on the ocean floor -----
C) Though he seemed extremely reluctant to sign the scientists have only recently developed the
statement technology for exploring it.
D) Even before the judge had finished summing up the
case A) yet B) as C) though
E) Although everyone was convinced that Smith had D) whereas E) while
committed the murder
203. The post is mine ----- I agree to stay with the firm for
197. Environmentalists are not often fond of dams ----- at least three years.
A) which had been built for both energy and irrigation A) in case B) conditionally C) if
B) though two negative ecological forces cancelled each D) whether E) accordingly
other out
C) unless the dams actually held back a vast 204. After he had learned my side of the story from Molly,
sedimentation load -----.
D) since they frequently trap migratory fish
E) that failed to preserve their biological variety over the A) his apologies are obviously worthless
years B) he phoned me to apologize for his attitude
C) I don't even want to listen to his apologies
D) he's still too proud to admit he behaved badly
E) it will obviously be better to forget all about it

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205. Despite the great concern for leadership and the 209. ________________, urban farms are usually far more
large volume of writings about it, -----. productive than their rural counterparts.
A) leadership is a topic of interest to many people A) If city authorities and agricultural researchers continue
B) this is hardly a comprehensive definition to ignore urban farming
C) it was too vigorous a definition and didn't reflect the B) Because they tend to be small and carefully looked
common sense notion of the term after
D) older children would actually follow his lead C) Even though most farmers didn't use yield-boosting
E) there is relatively little agreement about what it is or chemicals
how it functions D) While the highest productivity has been on the
smallest plots
206. Though every industrial development project is a E) As better child nutrition can be linked to the local
potential source of pollution -----. production of food
A) air pollution would clearly have been the most 210. Though the UK possesses a third of all Europe's
dangerous of all wind energy potential ________________.
B) this didn't mean that industrial development had to be
radically reduced A) Denmark was leading in the world in wind technology
C) careful advance planning can minimize that pollution B) most of the industrial world had been slow to
and its effects on the population recognize the benefits of wind
D) such benefits as reductions in crop losses would help C) it still produces far less than other European
to offset the costs of pollution control countries
E) the dangers of pollution are everywhere recognized D) hydroelectric power is another renewable energy
resource
207. This part of Africa is growing greener again ----- that E) there could have been a drop of around 7% in the
families who fled to wetter coastal regions are gas emissions
starting to go home.
211. ________________, a multitude of new residential
A) so far B) to such an extent developments are underway.
C) even so D) as a result
E) even more A) Unless the first impression is a good one
B) Once the new marina had started
208. Unlike most animals, the baby elephant very often C) If there were a reception centre to greet prospective
has to be up on its feet and moving with the herd customers
________________. D) Since Dubal would like to persuade people to stay on
a more permanent basis
A) whether it is fully functional straightaway E) As if they have benefited from the swimming pool and
B) so it has an amazing ability to lean and remember sports facilities
things
C) as if there were a long period of juvenile dependency 212. Although relatively few people have outright food
D) before it is even an hour old allergies, ________________.
E) because a nomadic life-style necessitated such
practices A) there are many who have difficulty in digesting
certain foods
B) peanuts are among the most allergenic foods
C) biotechnologists are altering some foods genetically
in an attempt to eliminate the proteins
D) the majority took a firm stand against genetically
modified foods
E) the number of people who experience a reaction to
vegetables is very negligible

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213. Because scientists believe that comets in the distant 216. Since the migratory routes of cranes ignore political
past deposited water and organic compounds on boundaries, ----.
both Earth and its moon, ----.
A) a species bank of captive cranes has been created to
A) in the 1990s, two probes that orbited the moon raised guard against extinction
new questions about Earth's airless satellite B) some cranes depend exclusively upon wetlands for
B) it is the largest impact crater in the entire solar nesting and feeding
system C) Of any effort to protect them requires the participation
C) the exploration agenda would have been changed of several countries
D) well-preserved ice at the lunar poles could yield D) an International effort to ensure safe passage for
clues to the origins of life cranes would have been hardly feasible
E) those lunar missions had been supported by very few E) this was simply a means to draw global attention to
scientists cranes and their work
214. Many of Europe's museums and cultural institutions 217. …………, they are especially common during the
are in financial trouble, ----. spring and early summer.
A) even though most of America's cultural institutions get A) Although tornadoes can happen at any time of the
little cash from the federal government year
B) since plans by the Italian government to privatize B) Since the conditions that lead to the formation of
parts of the country's cultural heritage have fallen tornadoes are most often to be found in the central
through and southern United States
C) as governments find themselves forced to cut C) As a tornado is a dark funnel-shaped colud made up
subsidies of violently rotating winds
D) because the Italian government has come up D) White tornadoes in the United States generally travel
with a bold plan to ease the cash crisis facing the in a northeast direction
museums E) Because tornadoes are capable of lifting houses off
E) if France's new culture minister has come out in their foundaitions and hurling them considerable
favour of a plan for more independence for national distances
museums
218. While most people still saw computers as science
215. In the 20th century, most of the large military fiction, ………
powers developed biological weapons, ----.
A) the discriminating few immediately appreciated their
A) but moral repugnance kept these countries from advantages
using them against each other B) the early ones were large in size and low in
B) although bio-weapons have a fearful potential that performance
has long been understood C) they continue to get smaller and more versatile
C) while as many as 17 countries are still thought to D) it is hard to imagine how banks earned on their work
have kept some to use in an emergency without them
D) so long as none of the regimes is supporting a E) a majority still wish they had never been invented
terrorist group
E) just as non-lethal weapons merit particular attention

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219. ….. so long as you pay attention and stick to the 222. ---- America should buy local grain and distribute
rules. that, thus stimulating agriculture where it is most
needed.
A) There is a huge number of fascinating wrecks around
Britain A) As soon as aid from European countries tends to
B) Wrecks under the sea can contain hazordous have fewer stings attached
materials like oil and mutions B) While remaining one of the world's stingiest donors of
C) Scuba diving is very safe aid
D) Scuba was first patented in 1865 and was perfected C) Instead of dumping American Cereal Surpluses as
over the years aid on hungry countries
E) Scuba divers get a great deal of pleasure from D) Because Africa leaders often point out
exploring wrecks E) In case Europe allows the world's poorest countries
to export many good tariff-free
220. …………unless there is an agreement to the
contrary. 223. When the feminist movement came into being,
----.
A) Copyright is a form of protection provided to the
creators of "original works of authorship" A) a major issue is still the right to vote
B) The authors of a joint work are co-owners of the B) the aim had been to combat oppression
copyright in the work C) women were seen as constituting a single class
C) There is list of countries that maintain copyright D) discrimination against women still continues in the
relations with the United States workplace
D) Works by the US government were not eligible for E) the professional-class working mother is another
copyright protection Exception
E) Works consisting entirely of information that is
common property were given no such protection 224. Though people continue to be fascinated by the
explorer, Livingstone, ----.
221. Although Japan has one of the world's most rapidly
ageing populations,………. A) his rival Stanley had been admired more
B) the way people regard him has changed dramatically
A) Japanese companies will be world leaders in catering C) some of his former possessions sold recently for over
for the elderly a million dollars
B) other countries such as China and South Korea and D) he was physically brave and morally righteous
most of Western Europe are closing the gap E) he made several more Africa expeditions
C) in 2004 one-fifth of its population will be 6 or over and
there will be more than 20,000 people over the age of 225. Over this period, according to a report recently
a hundred issued by the Hispanic Studies Center in Los
D) the increasing burden of providing pensions and Angeles, Mexicans received 14.5 billion US dollars
health care for the growing number of elderly will from relatives working in the United States, which is
cause Japan's public finances to remain by far the almost ---- Mexico earned from foreign oil sales.
worst in the developed world
E) to safeguard the financial assets of its pensioners, the A) as B) just as C) as well as
bank of Japan will not be able to take any radical D) as much as E) as far as
measures
226. The origin of sex is ---- much of a puzzle ---- its
prevalence.
A) too / for B) so/so C) as / as

D) that/ such as E) very / more like

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227. ____ before the town planners took their job 231. ---- when countered by antistress measures such as
seriously exercising, enjoying time with friends and
cultivating a hobby.
A) City planning has continued to be their prime concern
B) A great many ugly apartment blocks were built A) The ladder of success is a hard one
C) A good architect views his work within the context of B) There must be a balance between tension and
the area at large relaxation
D) In this respect new cities are at a great advantage C) Workloads seem lighter
E) New cities never have the same atmosphere as the D) Relaxation techniques are easy to learn
old E) Stress can be understood in a variety of ways
228. ----, but just over 1 per cent of them spend the night 232. Until China becomes the most powerful nation in
in Umbria, in the south of Tuscany. the world, with Chinese spoken universally, ----.
A) Visitors to Lake Trasimeno will see few other A) the problems of wide variations in English may
tourists well be lessened
B) Perugia is home to a world-famous jazz festival in B) English will remain the primary language of
the summer and a chocolate festival in the fall science and diplomacy
C) In the town of Deruta, handmade gift-items fill C) many countries in the world have shifted to
many shop windows printing their scientific journals only in English
D) Tuscany attracts more than 12 per cent of all D) immigrants to the United States or Britain
visitors to Italy acquire English rapidly and well
E) Scenic stone hilltowns such as Assisi and E) people who speak English and another language
Gubbio are among the main attractions have an advantage over those who speak only
English
229. Though the smell of fumes in an aircraft cockpit
may not always spell danger, ----. 233. ---- before grapes can be transformed into fine wine.
A) a forced landing could have been avoided A) Harvesting was a very costly and tiring process
B) even a small sensor can detect a wide range of B) Farmers were expecting higher prices
chemicals C) Drought does much damage to grape vines
C) harmless fumes had been caused by a small leak of D) The farm workers in France have protested at
oil lower wages
D) it is guaranteed to alarm the pilot E) There is much work to be done
E) such a detector can easily be fitted into an Aircraft
234. ----, yet it is not possible to go much further without
230. Because children enjoy the process of play, ----. any breakthroughs in battery technology.
A) various other options had been taken into A) Electric cars don’t make economic sense in view
consideration of the harsh environmental regulations in force
B) they are not primarily focused on achieving a product B) Electric cars have simply been a technological
or achieving a goal failure
C) group demands begin to grow steadily C) Hybrid cars are certainly a step in the right
D) many alternative approaches also had to be tested direction
E) the acquisition of social skills is a positive asset D) Any fuel savings resulting from electric or hybrid
cars are likely to be offset by the cost of the cars
themselves
E) One fears that the hybrid car may be yet another
technological failure

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235. ---- because he had led the country into four wars 238. ----, street crime in major Asian cities is still less
which he had lost, and brought economic ruin to his common than in most European cities.
people.
A) Since the governments are concerned
A) Serbia experienced widespread corruption under B) Because severe measures had been taken
Milosevic, who ruled the country as a dictator, C) Though it is rising sharply
B) Many Serbians felt humiliated by the atrocities D) If one were to admit it
commited in Bosnia by the Milosevic government E) Before reliable statistical data can be obtained
C) Milosevic’s rule in Serbia literally meant political
tyranny, which led to pro-democracy protests in 239. Contrary to perceptions outside Canada, the
the country, majority of Canadians are descended from the
D) Milosevic, the ex-president of Serbia, was English, the Scots, and the Irish ---- from the French.
protested nationwide and then removed from
power A) rather than B) more than C) such as
E) Today Serbia’s writers constantly remind their D) and so E) also
people of the shameful past of their country
under Milosevic 240. Because of the wide variety of ethnicity in the
United States, people speak English as ---- their
236. Traditionally, textbooks on British government and native ---- their adopted tongue.
politics have focused on institutions and behaviour -
---. A) rather / than B) either / or C) more / than
D) so much / as E) well / as
A) whether it is appropriate to describe the British
Constitution as uncodified rather than unwritten 241. There is a general agreement among car
B) in case political institutions and issues are manufacturing companies that, ----, hydrogen is
inseparable and need to be discussed together likely to be the fuel of choice.
C) just as a brief analysis of the leading types of
government found in the modern world was left A) if sulphur emissions had been checked
out B) when oil runs out
D) because one had to explore in detail the impact of C) as it could have been stored as a gas
Thatcherism upon British politics D) as if no mechanical energy was required
E) while ignoring the controversies and issues which are E) unless there were giant fuel cells
the fundamentals of politics
242. Salmon farms are prohibited in Alaska ----.
237. Climate change may alter the genetic composition
of species, ----. A) unless salmon actually does protect against cancer
B) because fishermen blame the farms for undercutting
A) but assessment of any shift in this respect requires their price
genetic data sampled over time C) since farmed salmon used to be fattier than wild
B) even though, for most species, environmental salmon
conditions have some impact on breeding D) but they say salmon farms are bad for the
C) despite the fact that recent analyses clearly show the environment
magnitude and direction of genetic shifts in various E) once the industry begins to attack some of the
populations problems
D) which, according to the evidence available, is
geographically widespread from North Africa to
Scandinavia
E) so long as one can observe the genetic impact that
environmental differences have on living beings

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243. In general, when credit demand is low, ----. 249. Because energy production expends resources and
causes pollution, ----.
A) it is not sensible to take out loans during deflation
B) following the wrong guideline could have been A) we depend upon nature to provide the basics of life,
catastrophic such as food and oxygen
C) interest rates measure the cost of credit, not the price B) many resources are used once and then thrown
of money away
D) interest rates are correspondingly low C) modern technical challenges are seldom met by
E) precautionary savings were rising at this time scientists
D) scientists and engineers must work to develop
244. ---- since it has been described as among the most energy efficient processes
terrifying works of history ever penned. E) engineers must solve problems without even
understanding the underlying theory
A) The story focuses on Hitler’s end in his underground
banker 250. ---- while such African languages as Hausa and
B) I want to get hold of this new account of World War Swahili continued to serve the everyday needs of
II the masses.
C) The story is well told by one of Germany’s renowned
historians A) During the colonial era in Africa, English became the
D) I’ve read all I want to read about World War II shared language of the administration and a
E) In particular the bombing of Dresden is objectively Westerneducated elite,
presented B) In colonial Africa, the teaching of English literature is
no longer popular
245. ---- even though she’s still not prepared to forgive C) Modern African writers have found it necessary to
herself. adapt certain aspects of English,
D) Today, English is the official language of sixteen
A) The wrong person got blamed countries in Africa,
B) After all, she committed an error, not a crime E) English as a second language has been taught in
C) Others were also involved in the affair Africa for nearly four hundred years,
D) A lot of people have forgiven her
E) She was wrongly accused 251. ---- but cannot be proved and is difficult toassess.
246. ---- little respect the British people may feel for the A) The influence of Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the
monarchy, they are still not likely to change to a English Language on the development of the
republic. language has been widely assumed
B) Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English
A) As far as B) Whatever C) Such a Language played a role in propagating a standard
D) However E) Just as spelling among the less literate
C) Samuel Johnson was an enthusiastic reader of
247. All of the world’s major national parks are included classical and English literature from his earliest years
on the map, ---- are most of the important reserves D) It took Samuel Johnson eight or nine years to
of lesser statu. complete work on his Dictionary of the English
Language
A) as B) as well C) such E) With his Dictionary of the English Language, Samuel
D) which E) that Johnson provided a powerful but conservative model
of language usage
248. His latest novel is about people who take their work
seriously, ---- that’s being a mother, a nurse or a
soldier.
A) even so B) as if C) unless
D) besides E) whether

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252. Before the 21st century has run its course, ----. 257. A corporation’s formulation of its international
strategy will greatly determine ---- it will benefit
A) the powers of computers have expanded vastly due more from protectionism or from some other means
to advanced research for countering international competition.
B) countless technologies not envisioned yet will be
available to us A) so B) as C) unless
C) a great deal of scientific effort is being made to find D) whether E) whereby
solutions to complex problems
D) most people in developed countries enjoy a state of 258. The name "dolphin" is generally applied tospecies
true health throughout their lives with a beaklike snout and slender body, ----.
E) our knowledge of the world around us has improved
to a great extent A) as it is dark above and white below, with
bands of grey, white and yellow on the sides
253. Smallpox was once a dreaded human disease,----. B) which also had included porpoises
C) but there are also some freshwater forms
A) while genetic engineering can be used in several which are largely confined to rivers in Asia,
ways to make vaccines Africa and South America
B) although today DNA technology is helping medical D) whereas the name "porpoise" is reserved for
researchers develop vaccines the smaller species with a blunt snout and
C) even if artificial-mutant vaccines may cause fewer stocky body
side effects than natural mutants E) though dolphins cannot actually smile
D) but it was eradicated worldwide in the 1970s by
widespread vaccination 259. ---- even though certain difficult economic
E) since there has been no effective drug treatment for conditions prevail.
many viral diseases
A) European equities display strong profit growth
254. ---- the growth in e-mail and fax transmissions, many B) In 2004, the European economy remained
communications are still best handled by face-to- fundamentally sound
face or voice-to-voice contact. C) Inflation had actually begun to improve
D) There were several other encouraging signs
A) Contrary to B) In spite of C) By means of E) It should have been easy to maintain the
D) Since E) As regards competitiveness
255. ---- by making an internal analysis can a company 260. James Joyce was born in Dublin of a middle-class
set the overall rationale for its international Catholic family. ---- his mother was a devout
activities. Catholic, his father was a man who was opposed to
the Church and fiercely objected to the interference
A) Still B) While C) Only of the Catholic clergy in Irish politics.
D) Until E) Just as
A) Besides B) Since C) As if
256. ---- an organization depends on collaborative D) Though E) Even
arrangements, ---- likely it is to lose control over
decisions. 261. He left Ireland for Paris but returned toDublin for a
short while ---- learning that his mother was dying.
A) Not only / but also B) Neither / nor
C) Either / or D) When / then A) whenever B) until C) after
E) The more / the more D) while E) as

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262. Henry VII's foreign policy was unheroic and 268. The evolution of a parliamentary democracy -----
unspectacular, ____ did he go to war and that was came about over a long period of time and ----- then
when he invaded France. the process was a rough one.
A) this once B) never before C) once again A) simply / as B) only / even C) hardly / since
D) only once E) once more D) just / up to E) really / so
263. Till the eighteenth century, comparative linguistic 269. Germany’s weight in the European Union is known,
studies did not progress.......................beyond the ____ what is not known, even to the Germans
stage where ancient Greek and Roman grammarians themselves, is ____ they are to use it.
had left them.
A) but / how B) in case / because
A) so much as B) too much C) either C) unless / why D) lest / until
D) very much E) just in case E) otherwise / where
264. The other climbers were all for giving up the attempt, 270. ____ , but most of them don’t see a doctor because
but it was ____ impossible to convince him of the they think it’s something they just have to live with.
need to do so.
A) It was reported earlier in this decade that about one
A) too B) such C) quite third of all patients had received treatment for
D) as E) much impotence
B) Over 200 thousand men have received proper
265. A certain amount of detachment may be essential for medical treatment
the doctor to function competently. This kind of C) Impotence is something we have learned to deal with
intellectualization is a problem only when it D) Urologists and other doctors have always been
becomes such a pervasive life-style ---- individuals concerned with impotence
cut themselves off from all emotional experiences. E) Impotence affects over ten million men nationwide
A) when B) if C) whether 271. Though free politics and free-market economics go

D) unless E) that most happily together, ____ .
266. Slow-motion photography can reveal things A) no new aid would be approved for six months
that happen ---- fast for the human eye to see. B) they could no longer blame the colonialists, who had
withdrawn from America two or three decades before
A) more B) as C) than C) five years ago, dictatorships proclaiming socialists
D) too E)such policies prevailed in Africa
D) one does not necessarily lead to the other, nor
267. ________________ as one does not know the guarantee its success
contents of the next chapter! E) Africans have shown that they want multi-party
democracy and are beginning to achieve it
A) He should have weighed the matter more carefully at
the start
B) The writing of any kind of contemporary history is
always a dangerous business
C) The subject he chose was a highly controversial one
D) The speech aroused no response whatsoever in the
audience
E) He'll probably keep within the limits set down by his
adviser

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272. The Nazi occupation of the Netherlands is best 276. The United States will officially take 70,000 refugees
known to most of us through Anne Frank’s diary, in 2003. _____ the number will be much lower as
many thousands will be caught up in lengthy
____
departures necessitated by post-September 11th
security procedures.
A) even though another significant record of the era
was made by Dutch photographers, both A) In place of B) In return C) In practice
professional and amateur D) In case E) In excess of
B) while the Dutch government had banned the
publication of all newspapers 277. We’ve had some pretty good directors over two
years but Dr Radeliffe is ____ the most capable of
C) since most of the Jewish population in the country them all.
were prepared to emigrate to the United States
D) that her description of the atrocities committed by A) by far B) over all C) just so
the enemy has provided historians with valuable D) as much E) too much
details
E) when her parents had hidden her in the attic of their 278. Geographical Information System tools provide
specialised functions for spatial data input,
house
processing, analysis and output, ____________
Database Management System tools provide more
273. ____ only after the Iraqi government has fully advanced functions for storing and managing large
complied with the resolutions of the Security spatial databases.
Council.
A) that B) due to C) while
D) whether E) in that
A) Life in Kuwait would have returned to normal
B) The Gulf Crisis had to be solved 279. They live so far out of the town ____ .
C) The economic embargo imposed on Iraq can be
lifted A) even though they enjoyed all the advantages of city
D) The oil wells in Kuwait were set on fire life
E) The pollution of the seas in the region is a matter of B) who have lost contact with so many good friends
great concern C) as one can get there only by taking a taxi
D) as long as the land they had bought was extremely
cheap
274. The very idea of establishing a literary ‘canon’ has E) that they can rarely go to a concert or a theatre
become _____ controversial that the people running
the Library of America have wisely avoided using 280. The doctor was so kind and considerate ____
the term.
A) before the surgery is carried out
B) If I should decide to go through with the operation
A) too B) as C) such
C) that all my misgivings vanished
D) so E) more D) when it is obvious that the patient has recovered
greatly
275. Apparently, the talks held between the two E) As soon as I am discharged from hospital
governments concerning the prevention of drug-
trafficking have not been constructive ____ to 281. Animals are particularly vulnerable ----.
produce any positive results.
A) when they are in their infancy
B) whether they could fend for themselves
A) just B) as well C) also C) as soon as they had left their mothers
D) enough E) so that D) so that their offspring will survive
E) unless every effort has been made by the parents

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282. The Welsh language has changed so little
through the centuries ----.
A) whose annual Eisteddfod celebration honours its best

poets and writers
B) that an educated Welshman can still read the Welsh
of the Middle Ages
C) as more and more English families settle in Wales,
bringing their habits with them
D) although Wales recently formed its own national
assembly
E) unless it embodies the kind, unambitious nature of the
Welsh people
283. By 1809, Sweden’s military power had waned to

such an extent ----.
A) as a new constitution transferred power from the king

to Parliament
B) so that it could no longer continue as a greatpower
C) that the country was forced to surrender part of its
territory to Russia
D) in that nearly one million Swedes migrated, mostly to
America
E) even though the Swedes had contributed to Europe’s
Age of Enlightenment with advances inscience

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BAĞLAÇLAR CEVAP ANAHTARI
1) D 2) D 3) D 4) E 5) D 6) B 7) B 8) C 9) E 10) C 11) A 12) E 13) A 14) E 15) E
16) A 17) A 18) E 19) E 20) E 21) C 22) E 23) A 24) A 25) E 26) A 27) E 28) E 29) B 30) B
31) A 32) E 33) B 34) A 35) B 36) E 37) E 38) E 39) C 40) A 41) D 42) B 43) C 44) C 45) B
46) A 47) C 48) E 49) D 50) E 51) D 52) A 53) B 54) C 55) E 56) D 57) D 58) B 59) B 60) E
61) A 62) D 63) A 64) C 65) C 66) D 67) C 68) E 69) E 70) B 71) B 72) A 73) D 74) B 75) E
76) E 77) A 78) A 79) B 80) B 81) E 82) A 83) B 84) E 85) A 86) C 87) E 88) B 89) E 90) A
91) E 92) D 93) A 94) C 95) E 96) C 97) B 98) A 99) D 100) E 101) A 102) E 103) A 104) D 105) E
106) E 107) D 108) E 109) C 110) D 111) C 112) A 113) D 114) C 115) E 116) B 117) A 118) C 119) E 120) B
121) A 122) C 123) B 124) A 125) A 126) E 127) E 128) E 129) E 130) E 131) C 132) D 133) B 134) E 135) E
136) D 137) A 138) B 139) D 140) B 141) B 142) E 143) C 144) D 145) A 146) B 147) C 148) D 149) A 150) A
151) C 152) E 153) C 154) A 155) D 156) B 157) C 158) A 159) B 160) B 161) D 162) C 163) D 164) A 165) E
166) A 167) C 168) D 169) B 170) C 171) D 172) D 173) A 174) E 175) C 176) E 177) E 178) B 179) D 180) A
181) E 182) A 183) A 184) B 185) E 186) C 187) E 188) A 189) B 190) C 191) E 192) E 193) D 194) C 195) A
196) E 197) D 198) B 199) A 200) D 201) D 202) B 203) C 204) B 205) E 206) C 207) B 208) D 209) B 210) C
211) D 212) A 213) D 214) C 215) A 216) C 217) A 218) A 219) C 220) B 221) B 222) C 223) C 224) B 225) D
226) C 227) B 228) D 229) D 230) B 231) C 232) B 233) E 234) C 235) D 236) E 237) A 238) C 239) A 240) B
241) B 242) B 243) D 244) B 245) D 246) D 247) A 248) E 249) D 25O) A 251) A 252) B 253) D 254) B 255) C
256) E 257) D 258) D 259) A 260) D 261) C 262) D 263) D 264) A 265) E 266) D 267) B 268) D 269) A 270) E
271) D 272) A 273) C 274) D 275) D 276) B 277) A 278) C 279) E 280) C 281) A 282) B 283) C

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CONJUNCTIONS
6. Writing a political essay is not merely about
1. - 47. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere writing one’s own opinion; ----, it requires a
uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz. talent for analytical thinking and an ability to
simplify complex concepts.
1. ---- Charles Dickens himself had a very hard
childhood, he found it possible to write A) finally B) however
novels which contain humour and have happy C) consequently D) nevertheless
endings. E) in fact
2009-18
A) If B) Before
C) When D) Although
E) Unless
2007-18 7. Aromatherapy is the use, for health purposes,
of oils and essences from certain flowers
and herbs which are chosen ---- their various
beneficial effects.
2. Thanks to the popularity of nature
documentaries on television, most people
A) contrary to B) as well as
know that many animals migrate from one
C) mostly from D) on account of
place to another ---- the seasons change.
E) rather than
www.dilkoyayincilik.com
2009-22
A) so that B) even though
C) in case D) whether
E) as
2007-19
8. ---- folktales were preserved in written form,
they were simply stories retold whenever
a group of people with the same interests
3. The cost of everything from metals and gathered.
minerals to commodities ---- sugar ---- petrol,
went up dramatically in the first half of 2006. A) Whether B) Before
C) If D) Unless
A) both / and B) such as / and E) Whereas
C) apart from / than D) more / than 2010-12
E) not only / but also
2007-20
9. ---- I see her, she asks me to lend her some

4. ---- we live and grow, we learn the culture of money.
the society in which we live.
A) Whenever B) Although
A) As B) Since C) In case D) Even if
C) Even though D) When E) Unless
E) Whereas 2010-13
2008-18
5. Life originated in the sea and evolved there 10. Mountaineering can kill brain cells, ---- among
for almost 3 billion years ---- plants and climbers who do not suffer from altitude
animals began moving onto the land. sickness.
A) because B) even if A) further B) just as

C) before D) but C) almost D) even
E) as if E) moreover
2008-19 2010-14
9
CONJUNCTIONS
11. The cause of Beethoven’s death remained 16. Global demand for coal will continue
a great mystery ---- the year 2000, when to expand over the next five years ----
a sample of his hair was analyzed using governments’ attempts to reduce reliance on
sophisticated technology. this fuel.
A) since B) until A) in spite of B) as a result of

C) because D) while C) as well as D) due to
E) after E) in case of
2011-12 2012-14
17. ---- children see us read, ---- inclined they are

12. Most vitamin and mineral products are legally
to want to read.
classified as food supplements, ---- some,
mainly herbal, are classified as licensed
A) Neither / nor
medicines.
B) Both / and
C) Either / or
A) thus B) so
D) The more / the more
C) but D) so that
E) Other / than
E) if
2012-15
2011-13
18. ---- the annual influx of tourists exceeds

13. In Scandinavia, wildlife in many rivers has Corsica’s population six times, tourism has
been destroyed ---- the devastating power of not destroyed the place.
acid rain.
A) As long as B) Unless
A) in spite of B) because of C) Now that D) Because
C) as opposed to D) in terms of E) Even though
E) as regards 2013-12
2011-14
19. ---- the world may still rely overwhelmingly on

fossil fuels for transport and power, their cost
14. A running tap wastes up to nine litres of
has begun to outweigh their advantages.
water per minute, ---- turning it off while
brushing your teeth helps save plenty of
A) After B) Just as
water.
C) Once D) While
E) If
A) when B) since
2013-13
C) so D) instead
E) otherwise
2012-12
20. All cargo passing through the European
Union is subject to one security control,
---- at the origin of the shipment ---- at the
15. It is impossible to make appropriate destination of cargo.
decisions about how to solve a problem ----
you define it and identify its root causes first. A) as / as
B) such / as
A) in case B) unless C) neither / nor
C) though D) because D) the more / the more
E) whether E) either / or
2012-13 2013-14
10
CONJUNCTIONS
21. ---- composing countless large-scale stage 26. Some nations have an advantage in
works, Carl Orff’s fame rests almost entirely producingmcertain kinds of products ----
on just one, the hugely successful Carmina because they have a comparative wealth
Burana. of resources ---- more efficient production
techniques.
A) In spite of B) Owing to
C) In case of D) As well as A) neither / nor B) so / that
E) Instead of C) the more / the more D) as / as
2013-15 E) either / or
2014-14
22. In the early 19th century, one could grasp a

field with a little reading, ---- in these days, 27. The search for, and discovery of, fossils
breaking new ground in science and literature can be a personally exciting adventure ---- a
is much harder and more demanding. technically fascinating process.
A) but B) so A) because of B) similar to

C) as D) when C) as a result of D) as well as
E) once E) as oppsed to
2014-12 2014-15
23. ---- we watch television or go to the 28. Relaxing with friends and enjoying people’s
movies, we actually process a great deal of company can help us unwind, which
information with incredible speed. decreases our stress levels ---- we feel
revived and revitalized.
A) In case B) When
C) Although D) As if A) after B) even if
E) If only C) although D) unless
2014-11 E) so that
2015-11
24. In the early 19th century, one could grasp a

field with a little reading, ---- in these days, 29. All over the world, many plant and animal
breaking new ground in science and literature species are now at risk of extinction ----
is much harder and more demanding. humans are destroying the environment.
A) but B) so A) before B) only if

C) as D) when C) even though D) because
E) once E) but
2014-12 2015-12
25. Different tools are used to measure different

things; ----, balances measure weight, stop 30. A sneeze is more favourable than a cough
watches measure time, and thermometers because it nearly always cures the tickle that
measure temperature. triggered it, ---- coughing can worsen things.
A) for example B) instead A) once B) if

C) otherwise D) on the contrary C) whereas D) otherwise
E) however E) just as
2014-13 2015-13
11
CONJUNCTIONS
31. Animal species that may become extinct over 36. ---- improved roads, safer cars and harsher
the coming years include ---- large animals ---- penalties for driving under the influence of
smaller creatures like insects. alcohol, the use of seatbelts and airbags has
brought down the number of motor vehicle
A) the more / the more B) both / and accidents.
C) as / as D) neither / nor
E) whether / or A) In spite of B) In addition to
2015-14 C) For the sake of D) In case of
E) As opposed to
2016-15
32. ---- the number of the people affected, floods

undoubtedly constitute the greatest of all
37. Animals, ---- oxen and horses, could carry,
natural hazards.
pull and lift much heavier loads than people
could.
A) In spite of B) In terms of
C) As opposed to D) By means of
A) despite B) in contrast with
E) Instead of
C) such as D) instead of
2015-15
E) owing to
2016-16
33. ---- Byzantium had fallen, the Ottomans

completed their conquest of the Balkans with 38. ----, people realized they could capture the
ease. energy of the wind or flowing water by using
windmills and water-wheels.
A) Unless B) Whether
C) If D) Once A) Eventually B) Otherwise
E) In case C) For example D) To sum up
2016-11 E) On the contrary
2016-17
34. Your body’s cells cannot work properly ----

the conditions around them are perfectly 39. ---- aeroplanes have made it easier for us to
balanced. explore the world, nearly one in three of us
claim to be anxious or fearful of flying.
A) because B) unless
C) whereas D) now that A) Only if B) Whenever
E) so that C) As soon as D) Although
2016-12 E) Because
2017-9
35. Seoul is busy reinventing itself and 40. Powdered milk can be obtained ---- by
practically rebuilding the city with an eye spraying a fine mist of milk into a heated
to improving ---- the aesthetic value ---- the chamber ---- by adding the milk in a thin layer
commercial value of the city. to a heated surface, from which the dried milk
solids can be removed.
A) such / as B) so / that
C) not only / but also D) less / than A) the more / the more B) so / that
E) neither / nor C) either / or D) just / as
2016-14 E) such / that
2017-11
12
CONJUNCTIONS
41. ---- the gadgets that count steps, measure 45. The panda has become an international
blood pressure and heart rate, untrained symbol for conservation since 1990, winning
people can monitor health, which used to be the public’s affection ---- their distinctive
only done by the doctors in the past. black and white markings and clumsy
behaviour.
A) Thanks to
B) In spite of A) in spite of B) on behalf of
C) Rather than C) thanks to D) in contrast to
D) In search of E) except
E) As opposed to 2018-15
2017-12
46. In fact, at this precise moment, ---- an

extraordinary relationship between our
eyes and our brain, we are able to see and
42. ---- they lack the pigments that normally understand what we are reading.
provide protective colouration against the
sun’s ultraviolet rays, albino animals rarely A) in addition to B) instead of
survive in the wild. C) despite D) similar to
E) because of
A) Until B) Although 2018-18

C) Because D) Unless
E) Whether
2017-14 47. ----, they have never been able to equal the
visual power of the eye. The focus and
the automatic aperture of the human eye are
perfect.
A) However B) Instead
C) For instance D) Thus
43. At the start of the 20th century, nine out of ten E) Furthermore
people lived in rural areas where they worked 2018-20
on the land, ---- approximately half of the
world’s population today lives in the city.
A) as B) whereas 48. -112. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde

C) hence D) so tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
E) whether
2018-11
48. Although orchids may seem to be mostly
appreciated for the way they look and smell,
----.
A) the richness and variety of Asian orchids is

astounding
44. An important task of childhood is learning
B) they are common in every part of the globe
how to bring emotions under reasonable
except for the extreme South and North poles
control ---- children who cannot manage their
C) under favourable climatic conditions, they will
emotions are likely to experience problems
flower every year
with other people.
D) they have always been among the most
popular flowers in Asian countries
A) once B) since
E) in certain regions of Central America and the
C) even if D) in case
Indian Ocean, they have generally been used
E) unless
2018-12 for food
2007-33
13
CONJUNCTIONS
49. ----, but he always avoided Italy on principle. 52. Towards the end of the seventeenth century,
----, progress came to an end in the Ottoman
A) Eugène Delacroix, the famous French painter, Empire.
was born in 1798
B) In his early life, the French painter Delacroix A) which were built by masters such as the
seemed to be interested in diplomacy architect Sinan
C) Delacroix, the nineteenth-century French B) which had a steady arrival of skilled
painter, travelled a good deal craftsmen from the new territories of the
D) The work of the French painter Delacroix empire
strongly influenced the Impressionist painters C) even though there will be few other changes
E) Delacroix was one of the most prolific of D) as the Ottomans began to lose their
painters technological advantage over Europe
2007-35 E) since the Istanbul state had continued
spreading westwards
2007-40
50. Because the action of a play is presented 53. Italy has climbed into the top ten world
through acting, ----. economies since World War II, ----.
A) each of these circumstances has important A) although Italian had become a literary
consequences for the nature of drama language as early as the fourteenth century
B) description is another important element of B) since it did not become a unified nation-state
drama until 1861
C) a work of fiction may tell us what a character C) unless it has a single cultural identity
looks like in one paragraph D) yet at its heart it keeps many of the customs
D) its impact is direct, immediate, and and traditions of its agricultural heritage
heightened by the actors’ skills E) if the arts have enjoyed a long and glorious
E) this experience has usually been interpreted history
by actors who are highly skilled in 2007-41
communicating strong emotions
2007-36
51. Some 200 tribal languages were in use in 54. Travelling around Germany by train is not the
Australia ----. cheapest form of transport, ----.
A) when British settlers arrived there in the A) so that many interesting places throughout
eighteenth century the country may be within easy reach
B) although immigrant languages spoken are B) which means that a journey from Hamburg to
Italian, Turkish, Greek, Chinese, Arabic and Munich takes just under six hours
German C) even though journeys are generally no
C) but multilingualism has been encouraged cheaper than travelling by train
since the 1970s D) if the fastest and most comfortable way to
D) even if they live in remote parts of the world travel around the country is by bus
E) that communication between tribes had been E) but it is undoubtedly one of the most efficient
impossible 2007-42
2007-39
14
CONJUNCTIONS
55. Since all countries need to trade, ----. 58. My sister has a tendency to buy things she
sees on television commercials, ----.
A) isolation from other societies may bring some
advantages A) even though she does not need them and
B) France and Germany have highly often can’t pay for them
interdependent economies B) since there was not anything wrong with her
C) too much economic dependence causes old car
a country to be affected by events in other C) in case she has been over-influenced by
countries them
D) today, Bhutan is one example of economic D) as many things had already been sold out
near-independence E) because she was rarely really interested in
E) no country has complete economic them
independence from other countries 2008-40
2008-34
56. Women tend to choose fields of study like 59. English is important in Hong Kong for written
education, English, psychology, biology and and printed communication, ----.
art history ----.
A) whereas it was an English colony in East Asia

A) if women had lower salaries, less laboratory until 1997
space and fewer resources B) but it is not widely used as a spoken medium
B) although women comprise 43 per cent of the C) which became one of Asia’s major
workforce, but only 23 per cent of scientists commercial, financial and industrial centres
and engineers D) just as, of 40 daily newspapers, only two are
C) since many experts who study male/female in English
differences provide strong support for this E) so Hong Kong English includes words and
idea phrases from Chinese
D) while men are much more interested in 2008-41
physics, mathematics, computer science and
engineering
E) because there are so few women in the fields
of mathematics and physical sciences
2008-38
57. Pluto was classified as a planet until 2006, 60. The atmosphere partially blocks or absorbs
----. certain wavelengths of radiation coming from
the Sun ----.
A) because it was named for the Roman god of
the underworld A) although scientists have made a thorough
B) although the “New Horizons” spacecraft made study of them
a voyage there and beyond in 2006 B) because there is no way to see these
C) when the International Astronomical Union wavelengths
(IAU) changed its status to that of dwarf C) before they can reach Earth
planet D) since astronomers have conflicting views
D) as it is very difficult for astronomers to collect about solar radiation
reliable information about it E) so long as these wavelengths have been
E) while Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, specified by scientists
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are “classical” 2008-42
planets
2008-39
15
CONJUNCTIONS
61. Though she is in good health at 85 due to her 64. ---- since she was in a hurry to get back.
diet and daily exercising, ----.
A) She recognized the bookshop at once
A) her diet is balanced and her exercises are B) The hotel was fairly near to the centre of town
plentiful C) She returned to the hotel by taxi
B) she believes other elderly people in her D) Suddenly the car came to a stop
neighbourhood are in much better shape than E) It was already beginning to get dark
she is 2010-24
C) her doctor says, “You will live to 100”
D) she doesn’t need to watch what she eats and
does
E) she does not often have to visit doctors for
65. This is my favourite magazine, ----.
chronic medical conditions
2009-35
A) so I buy a copy nearly every month
B) even though it may help me in many areas
C) since I cannot really tell why
D) so that it is getting very expensive
E) which often makes me decide not to buy it
anymore
62. Despite the superstition among seamen that 2010-25

killing an albatross brings bad luck, ----.
A) the superstition was reflected in a poem by

Samuel Taylor Coleridge
66. Music in Paris nightclubs tends to follow the
B) seamen once looked at albatrosses with
trends set in the US and Britain, ----.
considerable fear
C) these birds are often hunted by them for their
A) if they also host African, Brazilian and other
meat
groups
D) the birds are believed to bring good luck to
B) since big jazz festivals are held right through
friendly sailors
the year
E) such superstitions are no longer believed by
C) whether opera and classical music are also
seamen
performed
2009-36
D) just as there are numerous first-class clubs in
the city
E) but home-grown groups playing French pop
are also popular
2010-26
63. Because Thailand and Indonesia are

geographically close to each other in East
Asia, ----.
A) they can easily trade with each other 67. Once we have acknowledged the painful
B) they are different from each other in many memories of the past, ---.
ways
C) their economies showed a fast growth in the A) trying to remember the distant past can be
1990s difficult
D) they are both developing a hard-working and B) we can begin to come to terms with them
well-educated workforce C) you can start by trying to remember them
E) the World Bank predicted that they would be D) remind yourself of the choices you have
included in the world’s top ten economies by made
2015 E) remembering them makes you feel hopeless
2010-21 2011-21
16
CONJUNCTIONS
68. Although people complain about paying a 72. ----, we are likely to be bombarded with facts
high fee for paid TV channels, ----. and figures on pollution, unemployment and
inflation.
A) they are supposed to cancel their
membership A) Since the field of economics deals with
B) the fee is considerably higher than in the economic data
previous year B) Although politics is sometimes defined as the
C) most viewers still preferred to watch football art of government
D) no one thinks of those who cannot afford it C) Because most educators make use of many
E) they accept it as they have no other choice forms of media
2011-24 D) As we are concerned with what choices have
to be made
E) Whenever we pick up a newspaper or turn on
69. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes in tropical
the television
areas ----.
2012-26
A) if you take anti-mosquito precautions and
medication to keep safe
B) as long as people can find a cure for it
C) but it cannot be transmitted directly from
person to person
D) since it is the world’s second biggest killer
after tuberculosis 73. ----, the Turkish rituals attached to serving tea
E) even though malaria is potentially a deadly to guests are almost as elaborate.
disease
2011-25 A) Even if an invitation to tea in Korea does not
always mean a long visit
B) Although people normally associate the idea
70. ---- even before Europe started interfering in
of a tea ceremony with Japan
its local affairs.
C) Just as tea is prepared in a teapot over the
stove in Egypt
A) Some countries certainly had strategic
D) Now that it is customary in England to drink at
importance
least three glasses of tea
B) The 19th century was a time of great scientific
E) Because of the fact that few people are fond
advances
of drinking tea
C) North Africa had many serious problems
2012-27
D) The potential for the exploitation of resources
in Europe was limited
E) Libya and Sudan had a peaceful period of
economic development
2012-24
71. Solar power stations can be an economical 74. ----, they move their bodies according to
way to generate power ----. complex rhythmic patterns.
A) because the power generated by electricity is A) When books on dance are widely available
insignificant B) If dancing is an important part of a culture
B) if a region has a steady amount of sunshine C) Since dancing and religion go together in
C) even though they have built a demonstration many cultures
plant in Italy D) As dancers perform in front of an audience at
D) although they already operate a power plant a festival
there E) Although dancing is beneficial for many
E) since power from solar power plants is about people
twice as expensive 2012-28
2012-25
17
CONJUNCTIONS
75. Whereas in rural areas visitors may arrive 78. ----, but it also exists on the coast of
unannounced at any time, ----. California and along a coastal strip of Chile.
A) visiting plays a huge role in traditional Turkish A) The dry summer season with little or no rain
social life lasts about four to six months
B) you should not except friends to give you B) As the name indicates, the Mediterranean
presents climate is prevalent in the Mediterranean
C) many rural women spend great time on regions
socializing C) The term subtropics is defined as a climatic
D) you need to always have a cake ready to be zone with high temperatures in the summer
served and mild temperatures in the winter
E) city dwellers ring their friends before dropping D) A coastal climate is illustrated by balanced
in on them annual temperatures and high rainfall
2013-24 E) Rainfall generally occurs during one or
several rainy seasons
2014-23
76. Overconsumption of vitamin A is potentially

most dangerous in pregnant women, ----.
79. People are more likely to adhere to treatment
----.
A) but pregnant women are not advised to eat
liver because of its large vitamin A content A) because only about half the people who leave
B) so it helps build resistance to minor infections a doctor’s office with a prescription take the
and is needed for healthy skin drug as instructed
C) as large doses can cause birth defects and B) even though they participate in decisions
many other health problems about their treatment plan
D) while it is usually obtained from milk, cheese C) if they have a good relationship with their
and vegetable sources doctor and pharmacist
E) and this makes no difference to the efficacy D) while they may have good reasons for
of the vitamin A rejecting the treatment
2013-25
E) although doctors give clear explanations
about how to take the drugs and what to
expect during treatment
2014-25
77. The massive Indian film industry produces

about 1,000 films every year, ----.
A) so some less popular films never make it 80. In Mesopotamia, where the soil was
to the cinema and are known as ‘straight to particularly fertile, large-scale farming
DVD’ films became possible ----.
B) if a huge crew is needed to make a movie,
with different teams responsible for pictures, A) although peasants were fortunately allowed
sound and lighting to pay less taxes for their crops
C) because some films are made as part of a B) even though it was possible to produce food
series, using the same characters who have for larger groups
different adventures C) whenever heavy rainfall made the area
D) even if Bollywood film plots are always susceptible to flooding
romances with some comedy and thrill D) whether there were draughts and people
E) and they are full of colourful costumes, were not fed adequately
singing and dancing E) once irrigation methods had been developed
2013-26 to supply the land with water
2014-26
18
CONJUNCTIONS
81. Some bacteria are known as germs because 84. ----, but in the past they learned by
they cause disease, ----. apprenticeship, working with more
experienced artists.
A)while they are the most abundant forms of life
B)yet, most are either harmless or quite useful A) Today, most people think that earning a living
C)so they live in the air, on land and in water as an artist is not easy
D)as viruses are much smaller and simpler than B) Every culture and period of history has its
bacteria own great artists
E) although a human body may contain up to C) The achievement of women artists has often
100,000 billion bacteria been overlooked
2014-27 D) Artists can now study at art schools and have
formal training
E) A gallery is an exhibition space where artists’
works are shown
2015-22
82. Celebrations are an incredibly important part 85. Because every step in the production process
of family and public life ----. of olive oil is costly, ----.
A) as Chinese people wear red clothes and rush A) it is considerably more expensive than other
to the streets to celebrate new year oils like sunflower and corn
B) although families get together to celebrate B) in the Middle East, olive oil is still the most
events such as birthdays or weddings common body care product
C) whereas at Christmas, people eat traditional C) the choice of oil is primarily a matter of
foods like Christmas pudding personal taste
D) when what people celebrate in one country is D) the Italians and Turks use olive oil for cooking
considered interesting or strange in another as well as seasoning
E) because they bring people together and E) Spain and Tunisia are major producers of
encourage joy and high spirits standard quality oils
2014-28 2015-23
83. Although many of the countries in Central 86. Despite the tendency by many to consider
Africa have great agricultural and mineral Africa as a collection of distinct cultures, ----.
wealth, ----.
A) in Africa, major religions of the world are
A) Nigeria is one of the main producers and practiced alongside indigenous religions
exporters of oil in the world B) the reality is that various groups have had a
B) political instability and civil wars have kept long, extensive contact with each other
people in this region in great poverty C) it is possible to encounter European-style
C) Africa is the only continent through which structures in some African cities
the Equator and both tropics (Capricorn and D) African societies vary considerably in the way
Cancer) run they organize their families
D) governments have established big national E) Africans produce an enormous amount of
parks and wildlife reserves tourist art, much of which is distributed to
E) it is a hugely fertile region, with abundant North America
grasslands and vast tropical rainforests 2015-24
2015-21
19
CONJUNCTIONS
87. ----, they did not become an acute threat until 90. Beginning something new can feel
the 4th century. distressing ----.
A) Once the Roman Empire had been weakened A) given that the key to successful beginnings is
by incompetent leaders not to remember painful experiences
B) Although Germanic tribes had been pushing B) as long as a positive attitude helps us feel
against the borders of the Roman Empire for more confident
hundreds of years C) unless negative thoughts bother us when we
C) While the system of roads built to speed up are on the verge of something new
trade and mail delivery was vital to the growth D) because we do not know yet if we will
of the Roman Empire succeed and cannot predict the outcome
D) After Diocletian, the emperor of the Roman accurately
Empire, split the empire in 286 into two E) although we will need to learn new skills
distinct units whether we are starting a new job or a
E) Because the Huns were skilled archers, for relationship
which the people of the Roman Empire were 2015-28
unprepared
2015-25 www.dilkoyayincilik.com
88. ----, their new home became the 91. Although countless children dream of
Smithsonian’s National Zoo. becoming astronauts when they grow up, ----.
A) Whereas a study made in 2014 revealed A) astronauts must be willing to take calculated
there were only about 1,600 giant pandas in risk and keep their anxiety under control
the wild B) only a handful of them actually realize this
B) Given that giant pandas had long been aspiration
regarded as an endangered species C) school counsellors play a vital role in career
C) When the first giant pandas arrived in the guidance
United States from China in 1972 D) their families support them so that they can
D) As the Smithsonian’s National Zoo has lead a good life
housed giant pandas for more than 40 years E) astronauts experience considerable stress
E) Although baby pandas frequently made from dangerous conditions in which they work
headlines in the past decades 2016-21
2015-26
89. ----, it is still a useful, essential and integral 92. In addition to having two airports, ----.
part of the foreign language acquisition.
A) the best times to visit Rome are spring and
A) Whereas children start learning a foreign autumn
language with their teacher’s support B) Rome has grown into a city of three million
B) Because the grammar structures of a foreign people
language can be challenging for young C) one of the most famous landmarks in Rome
learners is the Colosseum
C) Although a reading list can be used to D) Rome is linked to the rest of Europe by road
develop learners’ language skills and rail
D) Even if there are difficulties in writing in the E) many of Rome’s fountains are the work of the
foreign language greatest sculptors of the Renaissance
E) Whenever a young learner is trying to tell you 2016-22
something
2015-27
20
CONJUNCTIONS
93. ---- provided that they have a European Health 96. Leonardo da Vinci’s greatness has been
Insurance Card. recognized through the centuries, ----.
A) People who would like to try high risk A) but how his work has been seen and
activities in Europe may need an insurance understood has differed over time
card B) for the Codex Atlanticus is the largest group
B) The United States and the European Union of his manuscripts
have mutual health arrangements with each C) so critical perspectives on Leonardo have
other been partially shaped by incorrect attributions
C) Full travel insurance policy is essential for D) and he spent the last three years of his life in
everybody while travelling across Europe France, where he died
D) Some European countries may need extra E) even though he was the master of many
cover for medical treatments drawing techniques of his time
E) British and Irish citizens are entitled to 2016-28
medical treatments in all European Union
countries
2016-23
94. Genetics contributes heavily to the rate at

which someone acquires necessary skills and

knowledge, ----. 97. Although we look different from animals, ----.
A) while some scientists emphasize the genetic A) they make up 40 percent of the existent
components that underlie a large number of creatures
cognitive abilities B) our bodies share a number of similarities on
B) but genetics helps us explain the different the inside
skills of equally well-trained individuals C) the human body is a complicated system
C) because finding the sources of creativity D) they live in all kinds of places or habitats
has occupied the minds of philosophers for E) the way we see the world differs significantly
2017-18
centuries
D) so those with more innate talent can improve
faster and launch their careers earlier
E) and there are some researchers who
disapprove of the fact that genetics shapes
the potential for genius
2016-25
98. Although not all cigarette smokers die of lung
cancer, ----.
95. People once thought that the heart was the
centre of thought and emotion ----. A) mouth cancer has also been associated with
cigars and pipes
A) in spite of the fact that the heart works non- B) clear evidence exists that they have an
stop unlike other muscles in the body increased chance of developing a form of
B) and thus it beats 70 times a minute, 100,000 cancer
times a day, and 40 million times a year C) smoking and poor diets account for two thirds
C) even though it has certain structures that of cancer deaths in the United States
make sure the blood flows one way only D) lack of physical activity and exposure to
D) since the heart pumps blood through its own ultraviolet light
muscular wall as well as pumping blood to the E) are additional risk factors for cancer personal
body life-style choices have the biggest influence
E) but it is simply a muscular pump that beats on physical health
tirelessly to keep blood flowing 2017-19
2016-26
21
CONJUNCTIONS
99. Whereas there is now an increased 102. There is not yet enough explanation for
awareness of dark chocolate’s health the association between brain size and
benefits, ----. intelligence, ----.
A) consumers are eating chocolate more A) but people with bigger brains tend to have
regularly higher mental test scores
B) chocolate recipes have been adapted to local B) so people who can think faster do better at
tastes tasks that require mental work
C) people are continuing to have inactive C) even if there is still a lack of understanding of
lifestyles normal brain size and its variability
D) consumers remain faithful to the taste of dark D) if we do not have much knowledge about the
chocolate brain’s structure or function
E) milk chocolate is still the most popular with E) for there is a long way to go before a
consumers link between thinking and feeling can be
2017-20 established
2017-23
100. Once you can take a positive view of stress, 103. ----, the human brain is still far more powerful
----. than most computers.
A) the amount of prescribed medicine for A) Although no artificial intelligence can

depression is on the increase challenge it
B) getting professional support can be the best B) If technology keeps developing at this pace
way to recover from depression C) Since right and left lobes have different
C) you are less likely to feel out of control or functions
depressed D) Despite the human brain’s capability to
D) social anxiety may cause more intense resolve complex problems
feelings E) When it comes to recognising different
E) learning lessons from your experiences is of images
great importance 2017-24
2017-21
101. We have been eating wheat for thousands of 104. Field archeology requires a great deal of
years ----. patience ----.
A) as you must surely have heard or read about A) although analytical skills are vital in
the determining its significance
health problems triggered by gluten intolerance B) even if field archeologists need training in
B) so it is the gluten component in the wheat excavation
flour that adds elasticity to the dough C) because years can go by without a significant
C) but it is only recently that people have find
become concerned about the gluten it D) while knowledge of ancient techniques is
contains required
D) and you should get yourself properly tested to E) unless archeologists work in difficult
exclude wheat intolerance conditions
E) although 86 percent of the patients who think 2017-25
they have a gluten-related problem have not
2017-22
22
CONJUNCTIONS
105. The body faces many dangers such as 108. Though an increasingly small per cent of
physical damage and infectious diseases ----. the population is engaged in agriculture in
France, ----.
A) once the immune system releases chemicals
that trigger defence A) the country has a strong economy, based on
B) whenever it receives help from disease- commerce and industry
fighting bacteria B) the climate is predominately Mediterranean in
C) if it is strong enough to fight infection and the south and southeast
damage C) the country’s plains are mostly located in the
D) but it has many different systems and barriers Paris Basin to the north
to defend itself D) the country is one of the most important
E) even though these stem from certain exporters of food in the world
environmental factors E) much of its population is concentrated in the
2018-21 north and southeast
2018-24
106. Although whales and dolphins spend their 109. Many lakes in the world seem to be warming,
lives in water, ----. shrinking and even disappearing ----.
A) nearly all the members are meat-eaters A) despite the ever-rising water extraction and
B) they all share certain features such as sharp climate change in some regions
teeth B) rather than having their water withdrawn to
C) they give birth to their babies, just like other irrigate surrounding agricultural fields
mammals C) in terms of their vulnerability to becoming
D) most are intelligent animals and ruthless shallow and having skyrocketing salt levels
killers D) in contrast with groundwater salinisation,
E) they have to come to the surface to breathe making the land less appropriate for
air agriculture
2018-22 E) as a consequence of unsustainable water use
and climate change
2018-25
107. Despite being the best thing he had written 110. We spend a notable portion of our lives
up to that time, when Sir Arthur Conan Doyle asleep, ----.
wrote the first Sherlock Holmes story, ----.
A) yet most of us understand very little about
A) it soon became a best-seller sleep and insomnia
B) much was known about the main character B) but we should learn about what happens to
C) he immediately earned a great amount of our bodies while we sleep
money C) so investigating what happens during sleep
D) the plot of the story was loved by the public seems to be ignored
E) very few publishers were interested D) whereas learning about sleep makes the
2018-23 experience less mysterious
E) although we feel closer to finding a solution to
the problem of insomnia
2018-26
23
CONJUNCTIONS
111. As well as getting rid of waste chemicals, ----.
A) the urinary system includes two kidneys and

various tubes for carrying urine
B) the urinary system helps us maintain a
healthy level of water in the body
C) urine has a yellow colour because of waste
chemicals produced in the body
D) urine can be studied by doctors while
diagnosing certain diseases
E) the urinary system is known as an internal
cleaning service as it removes toxic wastes
2018-27
112. Tear production slows as people get older ----.
A) because the surface of the eye is covered in

a thin film of fluid to make it smooth
B) even if tears cannot spread fast enough
by themselves to keep up with the rate of
evaporation
C) as driving and staring at a computer screen
are among the factors that reduce the blink
rate
D) since the different layers of the eye keep it
nice and moist, which is necessary for tear
production
E) but it can also be reduced by damage to the
corneal nerves from contact lenses or eye
surgery
2018-28
24
ANSWER KEY
TENSES CONJUNCTIONS 57. C
58. A
1. E 1. D 59. B
2. B 2. E 60. C
3. E 3. B 61. B
4. A 4. A 62. C
5. D 5. C 63. A
6. A 6. E 64. C
7. C 7. D 65. A
8. B 8. B 66. E
9. C 9. A 67. C
10. E 10. D 68. E
11. C 11. B 69. C
12. E 12. C 70. C
13. C 13. B 71. B
14. A 14. C 72. E
15. E 15. B 73. B
16. D 16. A 74. D
17. E 17. D 75. E
18. B 18. E 76. C
19. C 19. D 77. E
20. C 20. E 78. B
21. E 21. A 79. C
22. D 22. A 80. E
23. C 23. B 81. B
24. D 24. A 82. E
25. A 25. A 83. B
26. E 26. E 84. D
27. D 27. D 85. A
28. C 28. E 86. B
29. A 29. D 87. B
30. C 30. C 88. C
31. D 31. B 89. D
32. C 32. B 90. D
33. D 33. D 91. B
34. D 34. B 92. D
35. A 35. C 93. E
36. A 36. C 94. D
37. A 37. C 95. E
38. A 38. A 96. A
39. E 39. D 97. B
40. A 40. C 98. B
41. A 41. A 99. E
42. B 100. C
43. B 101. C
44. B 102. A
MODALS 45. C 103. E
46. E 104. C
1. C 47. A 105. D
2. E 48. E 106. E
3. A 49. C 107. E
4. E 50. D 108. A
5. E 51. A 109. E
6. D 52. D 110. A
7. D 53. D 111. B
8. E 54. E 112. E
9. A 55. E
10. A 56. D
34

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CONJUNCTIONS

time seeing it.

A) neither / nor B) In contrast

D) not only / but also E) Although

10. ---- how many hours l spend revising, l don't

D) not only / but C) for

YDS ACADEMY OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

B) Even though C) providing

D) however B) There is only one suitable venue for our

forgotten as everybody wants to learn ulaşabilmeleri ancak iyi bibliyografyalar

acoustics up to the required standard.

A) During A) by the time

D) Whereas C) By the time

entire Western Hemisphere, trading in

expensive in tropical countries, while city.

oynayan Hümanizmin kurucularından biri alanında çok az ilerleme olmuştur.

A) due to B) in spite of C) according to A) On B) For C) In

A) as well as B) just so C) just as

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) When B) Suppose that C) As if A) Wherever / lest B) Because / while

A) on the contrary B) even so C) so A) so as B) as well as C) in order that

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) if ever B) in case C) such as

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) Even B) As if 55. Countries are interested ---- in their absolute

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

91. I suggest you finish all the work by noon ____ .

A) whenever there happened to be an important match on

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) However / when B) Whatever / until

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) consequently B) following C) owing to

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) too / for B) so/so C) as / as

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) when B) if C) whether 271. Though free politics and free-market economics go

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN EĞİTİM ve YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

A) whose annual Eisteddfod celebration honours its best

283. By 1809, Sweden’s military power had waned to