Ejercicio #3 Tn ≔ 1000 kg pulg ≔ in

kg
Determinar el perfil necesario para la viga, considere σ ＝ 1600 ――
2
.
cm

Datos:

L1 ≔ 1 m L2 ≔ 2 m

Tn
P1 ≔ 400 kg q1 ≔ 0.3 ――
m

kg
σ ≔ 1600 ――
cm 2

Paso 1: Cálculo De Reacciones

q1 ⋅ L2 1 2
R1 ≔ ――= 0.3 Tn a1 ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝L2⎞⎠ = 0.667 m b1 ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝L2⎞⎠ = 1.333 m
2 3 3

ΣM1 ＝ 0

solve , M1
M1 ≔ -M1 + P1 ⋅ ⎛⎝L1⎞⎠ + R1 ⋅ ⎛⎝b1⎞⎠ ――― → 399.999999999999 ⋅ kg ⋅ m + 400.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ m

M1 = 0.8 Tn ⋅ m

ΣFV ＝ 0

solve , V1
V1 ≔ V1 - P1 - R1 ――― → 700.0 ⋅ kg
V1 = 0.7 Tn

Paso 2: Diagrama De Momentos

a) Momento

⎛ ⎛ q1 ⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜― ⋅ x⎟ ⋅ x ⎟
⎜ ⎜⎝ L2 ⎟⎠ ⎟ ⎛ x ⎞ float , 4 25.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 3
M1P ((x)) ≔ V1 ⋅ ((x)) - M1 - ⎜―――― ⋅
⎟ 3 ⎜ ―⎟ ―――→ -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + ((700.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x - 800.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ m))
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ m2

25.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 3
( )
M1P (x) → -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + ((700.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x - 800.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ m))
m2

⎡0 ⎤ ⎡ -0.8 ⎤
⎢ 0.25 ⎥ ⎢ -0.625 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
x ≔ 0 m , 0.25 m ‥ L1 = ⎢ 0.5 ⎥ m M1P ((x)) = ⎢ -0.453 ⎥ Tn ⋅ m x1 ≔ x A ≔ M1P ((x)) clear ((x))
⎢ 0.75 ⎥ ⎢ -0.286 ⎥
⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ -0.125 ⎥⎦
float , 4 25.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 3
MP2 ((x)) ≔ M1P ((x)) - P1 ⋅ ⎛⎝x - L1⎞⎠ ――― → -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + ((700.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x - 800.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ m - 400.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ ((x - 1.0 ⋅ m))))
m2

25.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 3
MP2 ((x)) → -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + ((700.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x - 800.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ m - 400.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ ((x - 1.0 ⋅ m))))
m2

⎡1 ⎤ ⎡ -0.125 ⎤
x ≔ L1 , L1 + 0.5 m ‥ L2 = ⎢ 1.5 ⎥ m MP2 ((x)) = ⎢ -0.034 ⎥ Tn ⋅ m x2 ≔ x B ≔ MP2 ((x)) clear ((x))
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣2 ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦

0.8

0.72

0.64
 0.8

0.72

0.64

0.56

0.48

0.4

0.32

0.24

0.16

0.08

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

b) Cortante

⎛ ⎛ q1 ⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜―⋅ x⎟ ⋅ x ⎟
⎜ ⎝ L2 ⎠ ⎟ float , 4 75.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 2
Q1P ((x)) ≔ V1 - ――――――― → -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + 700.0 ⋅ kg
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ m2

75.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 2
Q1P ((x)) → -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + 700.0 ⋅ kg
m2

⎡0 ⎤ ⎡ 0.7 ⎤
⎢ 0.25 ⎥ ⎢ 0.695 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
x ≔ 0 m , 0.25 m ‥ L1 = ⎢ 0.5 ⎥ m Q1P ((x)) = ⎢ 0.681 ⎥ Tn x1 ≔ x A ≔ Q1P ((x)) clear ((x))
⎢ 0.75 ⎥ ⎢ 0.658 ⎥
⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0.625 ⎥⎦

float , 4 75.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 2
QP2 ((x)) ≔ Q1P ((x)) - P1 ――― → -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + 300.0 ⋅ kg
m2

75.0 ⋅ kg ⋅ x 2
( )
QP2 (x) → -1.0 ⋅ ―――― + 300.0 ⋅ kg
m2
⎡1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.225 ⎤
x ≔ L1 , L1 + 0.5 m ‥ L2 = ⎢ 1.5 ⎥ m QP2 ((x)) = ⎢ 0.131 ⎥ Tn x2 ≔ x B ≔ QP2 ((x)) clear ((x))
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣2 ⎦ ⎣0 ⎦

0.7

0.63
 0.7

0.63

0.56

0.49

0.42

0.35

0.28

0.21

0.14

0.07

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Paso 3: Dimensionamiento

a) Por σ :

M ⋅ C Mmax
σmax ＝ ――＝ ――
I Wx

Mmax
Wx ＝ ――
σ

Mmax ≔ ||M1P ((0 m))|| = 0.8 Tn ⋅ m

Mmax
Wx ≔ ――= 50 cm 3
σ

Wxcanal ≔ Wx = 50 cm 3

Mmax = 80000 kg ⋅ cm
Usar canal C N° 33:

Wx ≔ 51.8 cm 3

Q ≔ 281 cm 3

I ≔ 13.1 cm 4

b ≔ 7 mm

Mmax
σmax ≔ ――
Wx

kg kg
σmax = 1544.402 ―― < σ = 1600 ――
cm 2 cm 2

Al seleccionar un perfil se acepta una subtensión o una sobretensión del +/- 5%

σmax
Ef ≔ ――⋅ 100 = 96.525
σ

Se encuentra dentro del rango, por lo cual se admite el perfil C - 33