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Tutorial 2: Steady Flow Past A Cylinder ISSIG 2015/2016
Tutorial 2: Steady Flow Past A Cylinder ISSIG 2015/2016
Boundary Conditions
First, we will specify a velocity inlet boundary condition. We will set the left half of the outer
boundary as a velocity inlet with a velocity of 1 m/s in the x direction. Next, we will use a
pressure outlet boundary condition for the right half of the outer boundary with a gauge
pressure of 0 Pa. Lastly, we will apply a no slip boundary condition to the cylinder wall. The
aforementioned boundary conditions are illustrated below.
Geometry
Strategy for Geometry Creation
In order to create the desired geometry we will first create a surface body for the cylinder.
Next, we will create a surface body for the outer boundary as a "frozen body", so that it
doesn't merge with the first surface body. Then, we will use a boolean operation to subtract
the small surface body from the large surface body. At this point, we will have the surface body
of the outer boundary with a hole in the middle where the cylinder is. Lastly, we will project a
vertical line on to the geometry, so that radial edge sizing can be implemented in the meshing
process.
Steps:
Fluid Flow(FLUENT) Project Selection
Drag Fluid Flow(FLUENT) into the Project Schematic window.
Analysis Type
(Right Click) Geometry > Properties
Set Analysis Type to 2D
Launch Design Modeler , (Double Click) Geometry
Create Inner Circle and Dimension
Create a circle, centered around the origin in the xy plane. Set the diameter of the
circle to 1m.
Inner Circle Surface Body Creation
Concept > Surfaces From Sketches.
Set the Base Object to Sketch 1 (located
underneath XYPlane in the Tree).You can
do this by clicking within the tree or you
can click on the circle to select Sketch 1.
Then click Apply next to Base Object.
Click Generate
Create New Sketch in the XY Plane
In this step we will create a new sketch in
the XY Plane. This step is required for the
boolean operation that we will carry out
later in the geometry process. It allows us
to create two distinguishable geometries, in
the xy plane.
Click on XYPlane in the Tree Outline and
it should highlight blue. Then click on
the New Sketch button, .
Create Outer Circle and Dimension
Now, create a circle centered around the origin
in Sketch 2. Set the diameter of the circle to 64m.You
can click the "fit to window" button shown below to
see both circles.
In this section the geometry will be meshed with 18,432 elements. The
geometry will be given 192 circumferential divisions and 96 radial divisions.
Mapped face meshing will be used and biasing will be used in order to
significantly increase the number of elements located close to the cylinder.
Launch Mesher: (Double Click) Mesh
Mapped Face Meshing
(Right Click) Mesh > Insert > Mapped Face Meshing
Set Geometry to both portions of the surface body.You will have to hold
down control in the selection process in order to highlight both halves.
Click Update.
Circumferential Edge Sizing
(Right Click) Mesh > Insert > Sizing
Set Geometry to both edges of the surface body.You will have to use the
edge selection filter and you will have to hold down control in the selection
process in order to highlight both halves. Set Type to Number of
Divisions, set Number of Divisions to 96 and setBehavior to Hard.
Click Update to generate the new mesh.
Radial Edge Sizing 1 (Top Half)
(Right Click) Mesh > Insert > Sizing
Set Geometry to the top half of the bisecting line. Set Type to Number
of Divisions, set Number of Divisions to 96 and setBehavior to Hard.
Then, set Bias Type to the first option and set Bias Factor (rapport de
transition) to 460. These selections are shown in the image below.
Then, click Update to generate the new mesh.You should obtain the
mesh, that is shown below.
Save Project
Physics Setup
Your workbench project should look like
this.
We are done with all the meshing steps but
for some reason, a tick mark doesn't appear
next to Mesh in the project page. To get the
tick mark next to mesh, right-click on it and
select Update as shown below.
Launch Fluent
(Double Click) Setup in the Workbench
Project Page.
When the FLUENT Launcher appears
change options to "Double Precision", and
then click OK as shown below.
Check Mesh
(Click) Mesh > Info > Size
You should now have an output in
the command pane stating that there are
18432 cells.
FarField2
Solution Setup > Boundary Conditions > farfield2..
Set Type to pressure-outlet, and set gauge pressure = 0 Pa
Cylinder Wall
Solution Setup > Boundary Conditions > cylinderwall.
Set Type to wall.
Reference Values
Solution Setup > Reference Values.
Set the Density to 1 kg/m^3. The other default values will work for the purposes of
this simulation.
Save Project
Numerical Solution
Second Order Upwind Momentum Scheme
Solution > Solution Methods > Spatial Discretization.
Set Momentum to Second Order Upwind
Convergence Criterion
Solution > Monitors > Residuals > Edit....
Set the Absolute Criteria for continuity, x-velocity and y-
velocity to 1e-6. Click ok
Solution > Monitors > Create > Drag
2. Stream Lines
Results > Graphics and Animations > Contours > Set Up...
Set Contours of to Velocity.. and set the box below to Stream
Function. Make sure Filled is not selected and click Display. The plots
below were created by setting levels to 40, deselecting Auto Range,
setting Min (kg/s) to 31 and setting Max (kg/s) to 33.
File>save picture (stream.jpeg)
3. Vorticity
Results > Graphics and Animations > Contours > Set Up...
Set Contours of to Velocity.. and set the box below to Vorticity
Magnitude. Then click Display. The plot below was created by by
setting levels to 60, deselecting Auto Range, setting Min (1/s) to 0.25
and setting Max (1/s) to 9.
File>save picture (vorticity.jpeg)
4. Drag Coefficient
Reports > Result Reports > Forces > Setup
Then, click Print. The command pane will now display the following
results: the pressure force, the viscous force, the total force, the pressure
force coefficient, the viscous force coefficient and the drag force
coefficient.
Reports > Result Reports > Forces > Setup , then Click Write to save
the report as forces.txt