NANCY MORGILLO

MAN AND PROGRESS

The patents that have changes human history
 NANCY MORGILLO

The Patent
The patent is a legal title by virtue of which the owner is granted an exclusive right to exploit the invention and which
allows to prevent others from producing or selling the invention without authorization

Famous example…

Alessandro Volta- Pile Guglielmo Marconi- Radio Antonio Meucci-

Telephone

Il brevetto è un titolo giuridico in forza del quale al titolare viene conferito un diritto
esclusivo di sfruttamento dell’invenzione e che consente di impedire ad altri di produrre o
vendere l’invenzione senza autorizzazione
 NANCY MORGILLO

The Pile
Alessandro Volta- Pile
Alessandro Volta invented in 1799 the first static electricity generator, the
battery.
Volta would have observed the passage of the electric fluid by inducing the
contraction of the muscles in a dead frog to which two electrodes connected to
the ends of the battery had been applied.
Scheme of Volta's pile: 1. one element of the pile; 2. copper layer; 3. negative
contact; 4. positive contact; 5. felt or cardboard soaked in an aqueous solution
(water and sulfuric acid); 6. zinc layer.

For the first time we have an instrument capable of producing intense

current continuously
Il brevetto è un titolo giuridico in forza del quale al titolare viene conferito un diritto
esclusivo di sfruttamento dell’invenzione e che consente di impedire ad altri di produrre o
Thanks to the pile, the first attempts tovendere
transmitl’invenzione
signals by means
senzaof the
autorizzazione
electric telegraph were made possible
Nowadays the battery is indispensable: from a simple remote control to the
telephone itself
“ Forse le medesime osservazioni, e le medesime idee si son
presentate ad altri prima di me, e sono stato prevenuto
anche in queste, giacchè i fenomeni, ossia gli effetti
ottenuti, han pur dovuto essere gli stessi in sostanza.
”

Alessandro Volta
 NANCY MORGILLO

The Radio
Guglielmo Marconi- Radio

Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio in 1909:

the inventor of wireless telegraphy
The radio became the means of communicating
He carried out his first experiments to transmit even in times of danger: the 700 survivors of the
electromagnetic waves wirelessly in 1895, sinking of the Titanic are saved only because the
managing to send a signal over a distance radio communications officer manages to
greater than two kilometres. transmit the distress call
All his life he worked to increase the distance Radio becomes fundamental to the world: it is
of communication. important for remote communities and in many
To generate electromagnetic waves, Guglielmo cases it is the only source of connection with the
builds an electric circuit which is operated by a outside world.
manual key. Il brevetto è un titolo giuridico in forza del quale al titolare viene conferito un diritto
esclusivo di sfruttamento dell’invenzione e che consente di impedire ad altri di produrre o
vendere l’invenzione senza autorizzazione
 “La cosiddetta ' ', di cui mi occupo, non è altro che l'
scienza

della
espressione Suprema, che ad avvicinare le
Volontà miratra loro persone

al fine di aiutarli a meglio e a se stessi.”

capire migliorare

Guglielmo Marconi
 NANCY MORGILLO

The Telephone
Antonio Meucci-
Telephone

In 1848 Antonio Meucci was carrying out electrotherapy

experiments on patients suffering from rheumatism: and during the The telephone allowed voice and data to be
treatment a patient let out a cry due to the electric discharge and transmitted directly and quickly, without having
Meucci who was in another room with the appropriate tool to his ear
managed to hear the sound. to code the Morse code.
He decided to repeat the experiment and discovered how to transmit In the 1920s the handset was added until the
voice through a conducting wire connected to several batteries. 1970s in which there was a progressive
In 1865 Meucci managed to build a practically perfect prototype of a appearance of portable telephones.
telephone capable of creating a permanent connection
With the birth of the internet, smartphones are
The "telephone" was made up of two parts, a transmitter and a born.
receiver, connected to each other by a wire and magnetized rods.
When a sound was emitted, the transmitting membrane vibrated,
altering the magnet current. This alteration reached the second The integration of the Internet connection in
membrane through the wire,Iland the vibration
brevetto è unof titolo
the receiving
giuridico smartphones
in forza del quale al titolare has made
viene conferito it possible to include other
un diritto
membrane then allowed the sound to be reproduced.
esclusivo di sfruttamento dell’invenzione e che consente di functions than
impedire ad justdivoice
altri transmission
produrre o such as
taking photos, paying...
vendere l’invenzione senza autorizzazione
 Patent
Over the centuries there have been impressive inventions
that have led to the comfort in which mankind lives today.
In the age in which we live, this convenience is neglected:
many objects are given little importance, but without them
we are lost.
Just think of the discoveries in the medical field that have
led to an increase in the duration of human life: from
vaccines to therapies, the discovery of penicillin
(Alexander Fleming) was fundamental for medical
development.
Patent
Whether in the security sector, the social sector or the medical
sector, the development of new technologies has changed many
habits.
It is strange even to be able to imagine how, for example, new robots
capable of performing surgical operations are being developed.
It's strange to be able to spend hours on social media, staying
connected with everyone at all times, overcoming what can be
defined as space-time obstacles
Every aspect of our life depends heavily on the digital world: a
classic example may be that once upon a time we chose reading a
book as a pastime, while today we prefer a video game.
Humankind has become so accustomed to what it possesses that it
forgets how far it has come to get to where it is today.
 NANCY MORGILLO

Bibliography
https://www.studenti.it/tema-sulla-tecnologia.html

https://www.google.com/url?q=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjixKP_353-AhWEOuwKHb9WAPAQFnoECBMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0zWEjNe61QMQa7MhEUnBXa

https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.studenti.it/guglielmo-marconi-biografia-scoperte-inventore-radio.html&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjixKP_353-AhWEOuwKHb9WAPAQFnoECAQQAQ&usg=AOvVa
w2POqp341VaoTuxLNFVAu-K

https://www.tecnotrade.it/news/meucci-e-telefono-150-anni-di-storia

https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Meucci

https://www.focus.it/cultura/storia/alessandro-volta

https://www.studenti.it/alessandro-volta-pila-biografia-invenzioni.html

https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pila_di_Volta

https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brevetto