Part 1: English Speaking & Writing Test Introduction

Part 1 of PTE Academic will take 77-93 minutes and will test your speaking and writing skills.
To test speaking skills, you will be assessed on your ability to produce spoken English in an academic environment.
Your writing skills will be assessed by giving written responses in academic English using correct grammar, spelling, and structure.

Personal Introduction
First, you will be asked to give a personal introduction to give some information about yourself.
You will have 25 seconds to read the prompt and prepare your response. You will only have 30 seconds to record a response and
can only record this once.
Don’t worry, your personal introduction is not scored but will be sent together with your score report to the institutions selected
by you.
For the speaking and writing test, there are seven types of questions that you will be scored on. Below, we will break down each
part of this section of the test.
Read Aloud
The first question type to test your reading and speaking skills will be the Read Aloud assessment. In this test there are 6-7
questions.
You will be shown a text prompt that will be up to 60 words. You will have 30-40 seconds to prepare by reading the passage. You
will also have a set time to read aloud, which will vary by item, depending on the length of the text.
To complete the question, speak clearly and straight away after you hear a tone. You must finish speaking before the progress
bar on the screen reaches the end.
You can receive a maximum of 3 points for the content spoken, a maximum of 5 points for oral fluency, and a maximum of 5
points for pronunciation.
Repeat Sentence
The second question type is Repeat Sentence, which will test listening and speaking skills.
You will listen to a recording between 3-9 seconds and are given 15 seconds to answer.
Once the microphone shows as recording, you will need to speak straight away and say all the words that the speaker uses, in
the same order.
For this question, you can receive a maximum score of 3 for content, a maximum 5 for oral fluency, and a maximum of 5 points
for pronunciation.
Describe Image
The third question type will test speaking skills by describing an image. There are 6-7 questions.
You will be shown an image and have 25 seconds to study the image and prepare your response. For this task, use the Erasable
Noteboard Booklet to take short notes.
After a short tone is heard, start speaking straight away. You will have 40 seconds to answer and must finish speaking before the
progress bar reaches the end.
In this question type, you can receive a maximum of 5 points for content, a maximum of 5 points for oral fluency, and a
maximum of 5 points for pronunciation.

Re-tell Lecture
The fourth question type, Re-tell Lecture, will test your listening and speaking skills. There are 3-4 questions in this test.
You will be given a prompt of up to 90 seconds and will have 40 seconds to answer.
Audio will be played straight away and you may also see an image related to the audio. While you are listening use the Erasable
Noteboard Booklet to take short notes.
Once the audio finishes you have 10 seconds to prepare. To complete the task, in detail, you will need to cover the situation,
characters, aspects, actions, and developments given in the recording.
You can receive a maximum score of 5 points on content, a maximum of 5 points on your oral fluency, and a maximum of 5
points for pronunciation.

Answer Short Question

The fifth question type, Answer Short Question, will assess listening and speaking skills. There are 10-12 questions in this test.
Here, you will be given a prompt of 3-9 seconds and will have 10 seconds to answer the question.
You will be required to answer a short question with a clear, simple, single word or a few words. This will not test general
knowledge, it will simply test your vocabulary.
You will receive 1 point per correct word. No points are given for no response or incorrect response.

Summarize Written Text

In the first question type in the writing section, you will be required to Summarize Written Text, which will test reading and
writing skills.
You will read a text of up to 300 words and have 10 minutes to write your summary. You will do 2-3 of these questions
depending on the combination of tasks in the given test.
In this assessment, you must write just one sentence. Try using the Erasable Noteboard Booklet to take notes of the main points.
Make sure to include the main points of the text in a full, single sentence of no more than 75 words.
You can receive a maximum score of 2 points for content, maximum 1 point for the formal requirements, a maximum of 2 points
for grammar and a maximum of 2 points for vocabulary.
Essay
The last question type of the Speaking and Writing Test will test writing skills.
In this question type, you will be provided with 2-3 sentences of text prompt and have 20 minutes to answer, by writing a 200-
300 word argumentative essay on a given topic.
Time management is important for this task as you will need to plan, write and proofread your essay.
In this question, there are many parts where you can receive points. You can receive a maximum of 3 points for the content,
maximum of 2 points for the formal requirements and maximum 2 points for development, structure and coherence.
You can also receive a maximum score of 2 points for grammar, maximum 2 points for general linguistic range, maximum 2
points for vocabulary range and a maximum of 2 points for no spelling errors.
There is a total of 15 points that you can pick up in this question type.

Part 2: Reading test introduction

Part 2 of PTE Academic will take 32-41 minutes and will test your reading skills. This single-timed section contains 15-20
questions that test both independent and integrated skills.
The sections within part 2 are designed to test your ability to read and write in English. PTE Academic is an integrated skills test,
therefore, one question type in this part of the test also assesses writing skills.
There are five questions types in the reading section. Below, we will break down each part of this section of the test.

Multiple-choice, Choose Single Answer

For the first question type, you will need to complete is Multiple-choice, Choose Single Answer question, which is designed to test
your reading skills.
You will be shown a text prompt for this assessment that will be up to 300 words. Possible response options will be given, with
only one being correct.
For this question, you need to read the text and answer a multiple-choice question by selecting one response based on the
content or tone of the text.
In this question type, you will earn 1 point for correct answers and 0 points for incorrect answers.

Multiple-choice, Choose Multiple Answer

The second question type will be similar to the previous. Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answer will test your reading skills.
In this question type, you will be given a text prompt of up to 300 words. Like the previous questions, you will need to answer the
question by selecting the most suitable responses from the list of options, based on the content or tone of the text.
For each correct answer you will earn 1 point, however, you will lose -1 point for each incorrect answer. Don’t worry, you cannot
score below 0 in this assessment.

Re-order Paragraphs
The third question type to test reading skills will be to re-order paragraphs.
You will be provided with a text prompt of up to 50 words and will be shown some text boxes on the screen in a random order.
To complete the question, read the paragraph, then drag and drop or click the arrows on the screen to put your chosen
responses in the correct order.
You will earn 1 point for every pair of sentences that you place in the correct order and receive full marks if the whole paragraph
is in the correct order.
Reading: Fill in the Blanks
Your reading skills will be tested in the fourth question type, Reading: Fill in the Blanks. You will do 4-5 of these questions.
For this question, you will be provided with a text prompt of up to 80 words. There will be 3-5 missing words from the text.
You will need to select a single correct answer from the 6-8 words given to fill the blanks. Not all words in the box will be used.
You will earn 1 point for every blank that is filled in correctly for this question.

Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks

The last question type will test your reading and writing skills. Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks is an integrated skills
question type.
You will be shown a text prompt of up to 80 words with up to five blank spaces.
To complete the question, select one of the five options in each drop-down list to fill in the blank spaces.
You will earn 1 point for every blank space that is filled in correctly.
To do well in the reading test there are many core skills you will need to learn to ensure a good score.
If you have already attempted PTE Academic, were not happy with your score, and would like to improve, we
recommend reviewing your test performance to see where you can improve.

Part 3: Listening Test Introduction

Part 3 of PTE Academic will take 45-57 minutes to test your listening skills.
This section is designed to test your ability to listen, read and write. PTE Academic is an integrated skills test, therefore, this test
contains multiple question types that test up to 2 skills each.
There are eight question types in the listening section. A breakdown of these question types is as below.

Summarize Spoken Text

The first question type you will need to complete is Summarize Spoken Text, which will tests listening and writing skills.
To complete the task, a recording between 60-90 seconds long will be played for you to listen to. As you listen, try to use the
Erasable Noteboard Booklet to take notes of key points to help you understand the context.
After the recording, you will have 10 minutes to write a summary of what you heard.
To answer this question type, you must write a minimum of 50 words but no more than 70 words.
You can receive a maximum of 2 points for content, 2 for form, 2 for grammar, 2 for vocabulary and 2 for spelling.

Multiple-choice, multiple answer

The second question type, Multiple-Choice, Multiple Answer will test listening skills.
First, you will be given information to help answer the question. You only have 7 seconds to read this. A recording will then play
that is between 40-90 seconds long.
Select all the response options that you think are correct.
In this question type, you can receive 1 point for each correct option, but will lose -1 point for each incorrect option. You cannot
score below 0.

Fill in the blanks

In the third question type, Fill in the Blanks, listening and writing skills will be tested.
Similar to the previous task, you will be given 7 seconds to read some information before hearing the recording.
A recording between 30-60 seconds will play. As you listen, type each word in the blank spaces as you hear them so that you do
not miss any.
Do not leave any spaces blank, you can review them at the end.
You receive 1 point for each correct word which is spelled correctly.

Highlight correct summary

The fourth question type, Highlight Correct Summary, will test listening and reading skills.
You will be given 10 seconds before the recording starts to read the options. A recording will be played that is between 30-90
seconds long.
To complete the task, select only one correct response. If unsure, choose the one you think is correct as you cannot lose points in
this question.
Your response will either be marked as correct or incorrect.

Multiple-choice, single answer

The fifth question type, Multiple-Choice, Single Answer will test listening skills.
To complete this task, you will be given information to read for context, you will then need to listen to a recording between 30-
60 seconds long.
Choose the option that best suits.
Your response to this question type will be marked as correct or incorrect.
Select missing word
In the sixth question type, Select Missing Word, will test your listening skills.
A recording between 20-70 seconds long will be played and you will need to predict the last word or words of the text to
complete the task.
You will be marked on this question type as either correct or incorrect.

Highlight incorrect words

In the seventh question type, Highlight Incorrect Words, your listening and reading skills will be tested.
In this question type, you will be shown information and have 10 seconds to read it before a recording starts.
A recording between 15-50 seconds will play and you will need to select the words that are incorrect and do not match the
recording.
You can receive 1 point for each correct word and lose -1 point for each incorrect word. You cannot score below 0.

Write from dictation

The eighth and final question type, Write from Dictation, tests listening and writing skills.
You will have 7 seconds to read the instructions before the recording starts. The recording is between 3-5 seconds long and once
it starts, listen and type the sentence in the response box.
You can receive 1 point for each correct word you write. Write the words in the right order and spell them correctly in order to
receive 1 point. Points are not lost for incorrect words.
We recommend reviewing the core skills required for this test. You can also look at ways to improve your score.

CORE SKILLS

Listening: Core English Skills Part 1

The last part of PTE Academic, Part 3: Listening, requires a large combination of core skills.
The very first skill you will need to develop involves how you listen (listening methods).
Below, is information on different types of listening and where you may need to use them during PTE Academic.
Listening Methods
Predicting
One of the listening methods you will need to develop is predicting. Before listening, most people will have some idea about
what they are going to listen to and prepare themselves for it. They predict.
It helps to think about the recordings before you hear it spoken, it helps you listen more effectively.
This listening method will help during Select Missing Word questions as the topic of the text you listen to is given in the
instructions. It will also help in the Re-tell Lecture questions as the image will give you an idea of the general context of the
listening text.
Listening for Gist
Listening for ‘gist’ will allow you to understand the general meaning of a text quickly. When someone is talking, listen in a general
way and think about what the speaker is trying to communicate and how they might feel about the topic based on their tone of
voice.
When practicing, try to listen for the gist before listening for a second time more intensively for specific information.
This reading method will help in the Multiple-choice, Choose Multiple Answer and Multiple-choice, Choose Single Answer
questions. Remember in PTE Academic you can not replay the listening track.
Listen for Specific Information
You will also need to be able to listen effectively to find specific information. This is more detailed listening and is often used
when you need to answer comprehension questions. You first need to understand what information you are looking for in the
text.
When practicing, if you listen to a text that does not have questions write some yourself. Questions that may help could be:
What happened?
When did it happen?
Where did it happen?
Why did it happen? Or, why did it happen in this way, and not another way?
While listening for specific information, you should listen for synonyms and paraphrasing to match the meaning of the text with
the meaning of the questions. This is because you will not hear the exact words in the question.
Listening to Infer Meaning
At times you can understand what the speakers are saying by inferring meaning, as the information is not always stated by the
speakers.
To infer meaning, you need to listen for clues in the text or use general knowledge to guess the meaning of what the speakers
are saying. Do this by working out the relationship between the speakers, the tone of voice or the words they use.
You may need to use this listening method in the Multiple-choice, Choose Multiple Answer and Multiple-choice, Choose Single
Answer questions.
In addition to listening methods, you will also need to understand how words are pronounced on their own and together in a
sentence. Read more about pronunciation

Listening: Core English skills part 2

During Part 3: Listening in PTE Academic, you will need to know pronunciation in order to understand what the speakers are
saying.

Pronunciation
When completing PTE Academic, you will hear a variety of accents from both fluent English speakers and second language
speakers, as you would in the real world. Don’t worry, the accents will be clear and regular users of English do not have trouble
understanding them. To prepare you should choose texts from around the world and practice listening to a wide range of
accents.
The recordings in PTE Academic use authentic examples of speech, so there will be connected speech present. Connected speech
includes: assimilation, elision, twinning, catenation, linking vowel sounds, intrusive sounds, the schwa /ə/, weak forms, and
contractions. These words are not used in English when you pronounce each word separately. They are only used in connected
speech.
Assimilation
In connected speech in English, the sound at the end of a word can change to sound the same as the beginning of the first word.
Watch these videos from BBC Learning English to better understand assimilation:
Pronunciation: Assimilation of /t/ and /p/
Pronunciation: Assimilation of /d/ to /g/
Pronunciation: Assimilation of /s/
Pronunciation: Assimilation of /n/ followed by /p/
Pronunciation: Assimilation of /t/ and /j/
Pronunciation: Assimilation of /d/ and /b/
Elision
Elision occurs when a sound is not pronounced at all by the speaker.
For example, we say pos card, but we write postcard.
This Pronunciation: The sound /s/ video shows how it works.
Twinning
When you finish a word with the same sound as the start of the next word, it’s called twinning.
Watch the video below to learn more:
Pronunciation: The sound /s/
Catenation
Catenation is when one word ends in a consonant sound and the next one starts with a vowel and we say the two words as one.
The below video will help you learn more about catenation:
Pronunciation: Consonant – vowel linking
Linking vowel sounds
When we speak, we use the /j/ (the first sound in yellow) and /w/ (the first sound in wet) to link words that end with a vowel to
the next word that starts with a vowel.
For example, we would say he yordered, but we write he ordered and you say go won, but write go on.
To learn more about linking /j/ and linking /w/ you can view this video:
Stop Saying… : Vowel to vowel linking
Intrusive sounds
When we speak, we add a /r/ (first sound in the word red) when the first word ends in some vowel sounds and the next word
also starts with a vowel sound.
For example, we say sawrants but we write saw ants.
This video on intrusive sounds will help you understand better:
Pronunciation: The intrusive /r/
The schwa /ə/
The most common vowel sound in English is the schwa /ə/. It is used in connected speech and is when you pronounce a vowel,
which is not stressed in a word.
This video will better explain what it means and how it’s used:
Pronunciation: Schwa
Weak forms
In addition to the above, the schwa /ə/ is used to pronounce the vowel in weak forms of grammar words in connected speech. It
can be a little confusing so we recommend watching all of the below videos to learn more:
Pronunciation: Elision of /t/
Pronunciation: ‘Have to’
Pronunciation: How to pronounce ‘have’ when it’s an auxiliary
Contractions
In connected speech, when we are not stressing the subject, verb, or not, we do not use the full form of the subject and verb
with verbs be and have. These are contractions.
Contractions are also used with be, have and do in the negative, as well as some modal verbs in the negative.
For example:
I am =>I’m
You are =>you’re
We have =>we’ve
They have =>they’ve
You are not => you aren’t
They are not => they aren’t
He/she/it is not =>he/she/it isn’t (you can also use he’s/she’s/it’s not)
We also use I’m not and we’re not and do not => don’t, did not => didn’t, cannot => can’t, will not => won’t, might not =>
mightn’t. They are used very often in connected spoken English so make sure to listen carefully to pick these up.
The below video will take you through this type of connected speech:
How to Pronounce Contractions: American English Pronunciation
All of the above types of connected speech are important in the Fill in the Blanks, Highlight Incorrect Words and Write from
Dictation question types.
As part of Part 3: Listening in your test, you will need to review your vocabulary and grammar skills, as well as learn cohesive
devices and signal language. You can read more about these core English skills in part 3.

Listening: Core English Skills Part 3

When practicing for other parts of PTE Academic, you may have worked on your vocabulary and grammar and learned
about cohesive devices. You will also require these for Part 3: Listening in the test.
To learn more about the skills you will need for this part of the test, read on.
Vocabulary
In this part of the test, the more words you know, the better your listening skills will be. To have a good vocabulary, you
also need to understand how to pronounce words.
When practicing for the reading questions, if you find a new word that you want to learn, look it up in a good online
dictionary with examples of how it is pronounced so that you can use it while speaking, as well as recognize it when
listening.
It’s okay if you do not understand every word that is said, as you can guess the meaning of unknown words from the
context of what is being said.
Signal Language
To understand the structure of spoken academic English and to focus on listening, you need to understand how signal
language is used in English.
Before they start, a speaker will usually give an outline of the speech and you can use this to begin to understand the
text.
Speakers will also signal the audience when they are getting ready to finish speaking. Understanding signal language
will help you answer the Summarize Spoken Text, Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers, Highlight Correct
Summary and Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer questions.
You can learn more about signal language here.
Grammar
In English, understanding tense is important as it allows you to understand time references in the listening texts.
Once you understand the meaning of tenses, you will be able to understand the way the speakers are communicating
in terms of time and sequence of events.
To learn more about tenses and their use, as well as signal words that are sometimes used with each tense, read
this English Grammar Online resource.
You can learn more about signal language here.
Cohesive Devices
Similar to other parts of PTE Academic, you will need to understand how cohesive devices are used to connect text.
Cohesive devices are used to show condition. For example, if, unless, provided that. They can also show reason
(either… or, neither… nor, not only… but also) and have many other uses.
You can view a complete list of cohesive devices here.
You will need to understand cohesive devices to answer the Summarize Spoken Text, Multiple-Choice, Choose
Multiple Answers, Highlight Correct Summary and Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer questions.
To further improve skills for Part 3: Listening test, you can read our self-improvement guides:
Listening: Self-Improvement Part 1
Listening: Self-Improvement Part 2
Recognising lecture structure
Listen for the signals in the following extracts. These signals can help you understand the lectures.
1. Introducing
At the beginning of a lecture, or a section of a lecture, the lecturer will give you some idea about the structure of the
lecture. Listen for these signals as it will help you understand what the lecturer is saying.
What I intend to say is
What I'd like to do is to discuss
What I intend to do is to explain
In my talk today,
My topic today is
Today, I'm going to talk about
I'm going to talk to you about ...
My colleagues and I are going to give a short presentation on
Today I want to consider
In this talk, I would like to concentrate on
The subject of this talk is
The purpose of this talk is to
This talk is designed to
The lecturer will then often be explicit about the order in which the points will be mentioned. To make the order clear
we use various links and connectives.
Firstly
Secondly
Next
Then
Thirdly
Lastly
Finally
First of all
In the first place ...
For one thing
To begin with
In the second place
For another thing
The first point I'd like to make
second
is
My next point
last
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
Formun Üstü

Formun Altı
2. Giving background information
Before the new information is given, the lecturer will often summarise what you are expected to know about the subject
to be covered. This could refer back to a previous lecture or to some background reading you should have done.
As we know
As we have already seen
As we have all read
It's clear that
...
It goes without saying
We all understand
It is understood
You'll remember
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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3. Defining
In a lecture, it is often necessary to define the terms that will be used. This is important as familiar words can have
specific meanings in different subjects.
is
is called
X is known as
may be defined as
is a type of Y that/which ...
By X, I mean
This term is used generally to mean
In the field of Y, the term refers to
A type of Y which . is X.
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
Formun Üstü

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4. Enumerating/Listing
The lecturer will often be explicit about the order in which new points will be mentioned. To make the order clear we
use various links and connectives.
Firstly
Secondly
Next
Then
Thirdly
Lastly
Finally
First of all
In the first place ...
For one thing
To begin with
In the second place
For another thing
The first point I'd like to make
second
is
My next point
last
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
Formun Üstü

Formun Altı
5. Giving examples
In lectures, it is common to make generalisations. These generalisations are often supported with examples. These
signals can help you to understand which generalisations the examples refer to.
 shown
This
is exemplified by
...
illustrated
For example, ...
For instance,
You only have to think of
Remember,
shows this.
A key experiment exemplifies
illustrates ...

This is shown by the following examples:

The following are examples of this:
...
The following is a case in point:
Let me give you a couple of examples:

X is a case in point.

for example
Take X
for instance
... such as ...
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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6. Showing importance/Emphasising
When you are taking notes, you cannot write down every word. You need to distinguish between important and less
important information. The lecturer can use these signals to draw your attention to the important points.
I want to stress
I want to highlight
I'd like to emphasise
I'd like to put emphasis on
It's important to remember that
...
We should bear in mind that
Don't forget that
The crucial point is
The essential point is
The fundamental point is
Furthermore,
What's more,
This supports my argument that, ...
It follows, therefore, that
What (in effect) we are saying is
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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7. Clarifying/Explaining/Putting it in other words
The lecturer will try to explain the meaning of difficult concepts. To do this he or she may repeat the information using
different words. It is important for you to recognise that this is the same information expressed differently and not new
information.
In other words, ...
Or rather,
That is to say,
Basically
To put it another way,
If we put that another way,
By which I mean
Or you could say
The point I'm making is
That is to say,
That is,
Namely,
i.e.
That means
'm suggesting
'm trying to say
What I is
meant to say
should have said
Let me put it another way.
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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8. Moving on/Changing direction
The lecture will be organised around several different points. It is important to notice when the lecturer moves from one
point to the next. Listen for these signals.
That's all I want to say about X.
OK
Now
All right
Having looked at ., I'd now like to consider
I'd like now to move on to
Turning now to
So let's turn to
Moving on now to
I now want to turn to
...
The next point is
Another interesting point is
The next aspect I'd like to consider is
I'd now like to turn to
Let's now look at
If we could now move on to
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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9. Giving further information
These signals show that the lecturer is proceeding in the same direction and giving more information.
Furthermore,
An additional point
Another point
A further point
A similar point
In addition
Moreover
Similarly ...
Apart from,
Not only ., but
We can add
I could add that
Further
As well as,
Besides
 also.
... too.
as well.
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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10. Giving contrasting information
These signals show that the lecturer is proceeding in a different direction and giving unexpected or contrasting
information. It is important to listen to this.
Although
However
On the other hand
Whereas
...
Despite
Nevertheless
But
Alternatively
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
Formun Üstü
11. Classifying
When we classify, we arrange members of a group. The lecturer may use the following signals to show that a
classification is being made.
types : Y and Z.
There are
kinds . These are Y and Z.
classes
N of X
categories
The sorts are Y and Z.
varieties
categories
consists of classes
. These are Y and Z.
X comprises N kinds
: Y and Z.
can be divided into types
varieties
classes
kinds
Y and Z are types of X.
categories
varieties
according to
X may be classified on the basis of ...
depending on
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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12. Digressing
Sometimes the lecturer may leave the main subject of the lecture for a while and then come back to it.
Incidentally
By the way
...
While I remember
Before I forget
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
Formun Üstü
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13. Referring to visuals
The following signals can be used to refer to a handout or an OHT or PowerPoint slide.
On this graph, ...
Take a look at this.
Let's have a look at this.
I'd like you to look at this.
I'd like to draw your attention to
Here we can see
The ... shows
The graph illustrates
The horizontal axis represents
The vertical axis represents
As you can see,
If you look closely, you'll see
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
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14. Concluding
The lecture should end with a summary of the main points made. The following signals will help you to identify this.
So,
We've seen that
What I've been saying is that
First we looked at ... and we saw that
Then we considered ... and I argued that ...
In short,
To sum up
To summarise
In conclusion, I'd like to emphasise that
That completes my lecture.
That's the end of this talk.
Listen to the following talks and identify phrases the same as, or similar to, the ones given above:
Formun Üstü
Formun Altı