ERG 301 HEAT POWER ENGINEERING (2+1)

THEORY
Unit I - Types and properties of fuels
Fuels – types and properties – higher and lower heating values, their
determination-properties of gas mixtures, ideal and real gases – Dalton’s la w of partial
pressures-Internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and specific heats of gas mixtures.
Unit II - IC Engines
IC Engines - Types – Components – two stroke & Four stroke cycle engines –
valve timing diagrams – petrol and diesel engines – Gas engines – Rating of SI and CI
engine fuels – Ignition system for petrol engines – Fuel injection system for CI engines –
cooling systems for IC engines – Lubrication systems for IC engines – super charging
and Turbo charging – Governing of IC engines.
Unit III - Performance evaluation of IC engines
IMEP, IHP, BHP - Mechanical efficiency – Brake Thermal Efficiency – Volumetric
efficiency – heat balance sheet and Sankey diagram – Testing of IC engines-rope brake,
prony brake, hydraulic and electrical dynamometers - mechanical efficiency. Heat
balance and Sankey diagrams for IC engines.
Unit IV- Steam Boilers
Boilers-components – classification – Cochran, Scotch marine, Lancashire,
Cornish, Locomotive, Babcock and Wilcox, La-Mont, Loeffler and Benson boilers –
boilers mounting and accessories. Performance of steam boilers. Water treatment –
characteristics of impure water-scale and sludge in boilers-methods of water treatment
for boilers-Boiler safety and maintenance – Boiler draught – types .
Unit V- Cogeneration and Combined heat and power
Cogeneration & Trigeneration - Gas and steam turbines-principle-Process flow with
instrument locations- performance- testing procedure- factors influencing the
performance- -waste heat recovery boiler losses. Cooling towers. CHP Systems- biogas
Cogeneration CHP Plant Equipment-performance. Measurement of pressure, fluid flow,
and temperature-calibration.
PRACTICAL
Determination of calorific value of solid fuels, properties of gas mixtures,
stoichiometric air requirement of fuels, gravimetric and volumetric analysis of products of
combustion – conversion of mass to volumetric analysis and vice versa. Flue gas
composition using Orsat apparatus – study of diesel and petrol engines - performance of
IC engines – performance efficiency of boilers – assessment of steam quality –
performance evaluation of condenser, compressor and blower - visit to an industrial
boiler.
LECTURE SCHEDULE
1. Types of fuels and properties of fuels TB-1: 289-292
2. Higher and lower heating values of fuels – their relationship- TB-1: 293-300
determination of calorific value using standard formula, Dulongs’
formula and Boie’s formula
3. Ideal and real gases – Dalton’s law of partial pressures – Internal TB-1: 30-47
energy, enthalpy, entropy and specific heats of gas mixtures
4. Principles and chemistry of combustion of fuels – stoichiometric TB-1: 301-303
air requirement – excesses air-Gravimetric analysis of products of
combustion.
5. Volumetric analysis of products of combustion TB-1: 304-306
6. Conversion of gravimetric to volumetric analysis and vice versa. TB-1: 307-318

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7. IC engine – Classification - components –Four stroke cycle- TB-1: 582-591
principle – valve timing diagram - PV diagram.
8. Two stroke cycle – principle –valve timing diagram – PV diagram- TB-1: 592-596
Rating of SI and CI engine fuels
9. Spark ignition engine-working principle and thermal efficiency. TB-1: 171-177
10. Carburettors-types - coil ignition and magneto systems - spark TB-1: 606-607
plug.
11. Compression ignition engine - working principle and thermal TB-1: 178-183
efficiency
12. Fuel pump and injector system – types – performance. TB-1: 600-601,
607-608
13. Lubrication systems-cooling systems for IC engines - Super TB-1: 601-604
charging and turbocharging – scavenging
14. Performance analysis of IC engines - indicated and brake mean TB-1: 611-613
effective pressures- indicated power - brake power - friction
power-Engine performance curves - Specific fuel consumption-
brake thermal efficiency- mechanical efficiency.
15. Testing of IC engines-rope brake, prony brake, hydraulic and TB-1: 613-633
electrical dynamometers-Morse test for mechanical efficiency-
heat balance –Sankey diagram.
16. Boilers-classification - essentials of a good boiler-boiler selection TB-1: 323-325
– working principle of fire tube and water tube boilers – vertical
and horizontal boilers.
17. Mid semester Examination ---
18. Principles, construction and operation of boilers – Cochran, TB-1: 326-328
Lancashire, Cornish, Scotch marine
19. Velox, Babcock and Wilocox, LaMont and Loeffler boilers. TB-1: 329-332
20. Boiler mounting and accessories TB-1: 334-339
21. Feed water heaters – types – boilers make up – evaporators – TB-3 : 459-463
condensate circulation system- Steam condensers – direct
contact condenser – performance
22. Water treatment –characteristics of impure water-scale and TB-2: 1-31
sludge in boilers-methods of water treatment for boilers.
23. Boiler performance – boiler safety and maintenance TB-1: 345-358
24. High pressure boiler-super critical boilers- Fluidised bed TB-1: 340-341
combustion boilers
25. Steam piping accessories – super heaters, reheaters, TB-1: 341-343
economisers and air pre-heaters in a steam plant-efficiency of
heat recovery steam generators.
26. Measurement of dryness fraction of steam-steam calorimeter- TB-3: 289-299
throttling calorimeter
27. Boiler draught – types – advantage and disadvantages of TB-1: 360-371
mechanical draught – natural draft – thermosyphon principle –
comparison between forced and induced draft – balanced draught
28. Cogeneration & Trigeneration - need-principle-classification- TB-4: 185-186
factors influencing the performance-relative merits.
29. CHP Systems-principle- CHP Plant Equipment-performance TB-3: 470-495
30. Gas and steam turbines-principle-performance-testing procedure. TB-1: 501-503,
535-547
31. Back pressure and Extraction-cum-condensing steam turbine TB-4: 187 &
based cogeneration plant - Steam turbine process flow with 196-198

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 instrument locations
32. Gas turbine and Reciprocating engine based cogeneration plant TB-4: 198-200
– performance evaluation
33. Cooling towers – principles – types – performance - design TB-3: 615-621
considerations
34. Measurement of pressure, fluid flow and temperature using RB-1: 48-53,
manometers, orifice meters, venturimeters, thermo-couples- 360-382,
calibration. TB-3: 16-38
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
I Cycle of experiments
1. Determination of calorific value of fuels using Bomb Calorimeter
2. Determination of calorific value of gaseous fuels using gas calorimeter
3. Determination of volumetric composition of flue gas from engine using Orsat
apparatus
4. Experiments on determination of stoichiometric air requirement of fuels – gravimetric
analysis of products of combustion
5. Experiments on stoichiometric air requirement – volumetric analysis of products of
combustion and conversion from gravimetric to volumetric and vice versa
6. Disassembly of a small diesel engine and study of systems
7. Load test on diesel engine using mechanical dynamometer - thermal efficiency
determination-heat balance
8. Load test on diesel engine using electrical dynamometer - thermal efficiency
determination-heat balance
II Cycle of experiments
9. Performance evaluation and drawing of indicator diagram on variable compression
engine
10. Study of a steam boiler-its working and complete fuel/electrical circuitry
11. Experiments on the performance evaluation of a steam boiler -heat balance
12. Experiments on electrical steam calorimeter
13. Experiments on throttling steam calorimeter
14. Experiments on performance of steam condenser
15. Performance evaluation of reciprocating compressor
16. Performance evaluation of centrifugal blower
17. Practical examination
TEXT BOOKS
1. RS Khurmi & JK Gupta, 2003. A Text book of thermal Engg., S.Chand & Co. Ltd.,
2. P.C.Jain and Monika Jain 2002. Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai Publishing
Company (P) Ltd., New Delhi
3. Nag, P.K., 2010. Engineering thermodynamics, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Co,
New Delhi.
4. Guide book for National Certification Examination for Energy Managers and Energy
Auditors, Book 2.Energy efficiency in Thermal utilities – Chapter-7.Cogeneration-
BEE
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. P.N.Modi and S.M.Seth,2006. Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Standard Book
house, new delhi-6.
2. BEE CODE - COGENERATIION, 2006. By Devki Energy Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.,
405, Ivory Terrace, R.C. Dutt Road, Vadodara – 390007.
3. Rayner Joel, 2009. Basic engineering Thermodynamics. Pearson publishers.
4. Ballaney, P.L. ,1991. Thermal Engineering. Khanna Publs, New Delhi.
5. Chattopadhyay, P., 2000. Boiler operation and engineering, Tata McGraw Hill

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 Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi
6. Indian Boiler Codes (ISI Publications)
7. Ganesan,V., 2013. IC Engines. TATA McGraw-Hill Publishers, New Delhi.
8. Nag, P.K., 1992. Engineering thermodynamics, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Co,
New Delhi.
9. Nag, P.K., 2012. Basic and Applied thermodynamics, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing
Co, New Delhi.
10. Vasandani, V.P. and Kumar. D.S., 1972. Heat Engineering. Metropolitan Book Co.
Pvt. Ltd.
11. Rudramoorthy, R, 2003. Thermal Engineering. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
12. Kothandaraman,C.P., Domkundwar,S. and Domkundwar, A.V., 2002. A Course in
Thermal Engineering, Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
13. Vignesh Gowrishankar, Christina Angelides and Hannah Druckenmiller, April 2013.
Combined Heat and Power Systems: Improving the Energy Efficiency of Our
Manufacturing Plants, Buildings, and Other Facilities, NRDC Issue paper, ip:13-04-B,
USA.
E-REFERENCES
1. www.cogen.org
2. www.unescap.org/enrd/energy/co-gen/
3. www.cogen.org/Downloadables/Projects/EDUCOGEN_Cogen_Guide.pdf.
4. www.emeri.res.in/rnd/hpe/html
5. www.masterstudies.com
6. www.msbte.com