MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN

Parts and its functions.

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Parts and its functions.

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Parts and its functions.

Penis
Penis is the external male organ with a tip called glands. It is covered with foreskin
that may be removed through circumcision.

Scrotum
Scrotum is a pair of pouchlike sacs that contains the testes.
It also controls the testes’ temperature because they must be slightly cooler than
the body to produce sperm cells.

Testes
Testes (singular, testis) are the glands that produce the sperm cells and the male sex
hormone called testosterone.

Epididymis
The epididymis is a narrow, coiled tube that stores sperm cells.

Urethra
The urethra in males is the passageway of both urine from the urinary bladder and
semen from the glands.

Seminal Vesicles
Seminal vesicles are saclike pouches attached to the vas deferens. It contributes to
the semen production, a sugar-rich fluid which provides energy for the sperm cells’
motility.

Vas Deferens
The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that serves as the passageway of the
sperm cells released from the testes. It also connects the testes to the seminal vesicle
and the urethra.

Cowper’s Gland
Cowper’s gland, also called as the bulbourethral gland, is one of the two pea-sized
organs found beneath the prostate gland. It is responsible for releasing fluid that flushes
out foreign matters and neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra.

Prostate Gland
Prostate gland is a gland located between the bladder and the penis. It produces
fluid that nourishes and protects the sperm.

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Parts and its functions.
What is the male reproductive system?
The male reproductive system includes a group of organs that make up the reproductive
system and urinary system in men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB).
The male reproductive system contains internal and external parts. Internal parts are
inside your body, and external parts are outside your body. Together, these organs help
you urinate (pee), have sexual intercourse and make biological children.
What does the male reproductive system do?
The organs that make up the male reproductive system perform the following:
 Produce, maintain and transport sperm cells and semen. Sperm cells are male
reproductive cells. Semen is the protective fluid around sperm.
 Discharge sperm.
 Produce and secrete male sex hormones.

How does the male reproductive system function?

The entire male reproductive system depends on hormones. Hormones are chemicals
that stimulate or regulate activity in your cells or organs. The primary hormones that
help the male reproductive system function include:
 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Your pituitary gland makes FSH. FSH is
necessary to produce sperm (spermatogenesis).
 Luteinizing hormone (LH). Your pituitary gland also makes LH. LH is necessary to
continue the process of spermatogenesis.
 Testosterone. Testosterone is the main sex hormone in people AMAB. It helps
you develop certain characteristics, including muscle mass and strength, fat
distribution, bone mass and sex drive (libido).

Anatomy
What are the external parts of the male reproductive system?
Most of the male reproductive system is on the outside of your abdominal cavity or
pelvis. The external body parts of the male reproductive system include the penis,
scrotum and testicles. Another name for these parts is genitals or genitalia.
Penis
The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It contains many sensitive nerve
endings, and it has three parts:
 Root. The root is the base of your penis. It attaches to the wall of your abdomen.
 Body (shaft). The body has a shape like a tube or cylinder. It consists of three
internal chambers: the two larger chambers are the corpora cavernosa, and the
third chamber is the corpus spongiosum. The corpora cavernosa run side by side,
while the corpus spongiosum surrounds your urethra. There’s a special, sponge-
like erectile tissue inside these chambers. The erectile tissue contains thousands

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Parts and its functions.
of spaces. During sexual arousal, the spaces fill with blood, and your penis
becomes hard and rigid (erection). An erection allows you to have penetrative
sex. The skin of the penis is loose and stretchy, which lets it change size when
you have an erection.
 Glans (head). The glans is the cone-shaped tip of the penis. A loose layer of skin
(foreskin) covers the glans. Healthcare providers sometimes surgically remove
the foreskin (circumcision).

In most people, the opening of the urethra is at the tip of the glans. The urethra
transports pee and semen out of your body. Semen contains sperm. You expel
(ejaculate) semen through the end of your penis when you reach sexual climax
(orgasm).
When your penis is erect, your corpora cavernosa press against the part of your urethra
where pee flows. This blocks your pee flow so that only semen ejaculates when you
orgasm.
What is a normal size of the penis?
Studies suggest that the average penis is about 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) when flaccid (soft)
and a little more than 5 inches (13 cm) when erect.
Scrotum
The scrotum is the loose, pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It holds the
testicles (testes) as well as nerves and blood vessels.
The scrotum protects your testicles and provides a sort of “climate-control system.” For
normal sperm development, the testes must be at a temperature that’s slightly cooler
than body temperature (between 97 and 99 degrees Fahrenheit or 36 and 37 degrees
Celsius). Special muscles in the wall of the scrotum let it contract (tighten) and relax.
Your scrotum contracts to move your testicles closer to your body for warmth and
protection. It relaxes away from your body to cool them.

Testicles
The testicles (testes) are oval-shaped organs that lie in your scrotum. They’re about the
size of two large olives. The spermatic cord holds the testicles in place and supplies
them with blood. Most people AMAB have two testicles, on the left and right side of the
scrotum. The testicles make testosterone and produce sperm. Within the testicles are
coiled masses of tubes. These are the seminiferous tubules. The seminiferous tubules
produce sperm cells through spermatogenesis.
Epididymis
The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the back of each testicle. It carries and
stores the sperm cells that your testicles create. The epididymis also brings the sperm to
maturity — the sperm that emerge from the testicles are immature and incapable

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Parts and its functions.
of fertilization. During sexual arousal, muscle contractions force the sperm into the vas
deferens.
What are the internal parts of the male reproductive system?
There are several internal (accessory) organs in the male reproductive system. They
include:
Vas deferens
The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic
cavity, just behind the urinary bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the
urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Ejaculatory ducts
Each testicle has a vas deferens that joins with seminal vesicle ducts to form ejaculatory
ducts. The ejaculatory ducts move through your prostate, where they collect fluid to add
to semen. They empty into your urethra.
Urethra
The urethra is the tube that carries pee from your bladder outside of your body. If you
have a penis, it also ejaculates semen when you reach orgasm.
Seminal vesicles
The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base
of the bladder. Seminal vesicles make up to 80% of your ejaculatory fluid, including
fructose. Fructose is an energy source for sperm and helps them move (motility).
Prostate gland
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that rests below your bladder, in front of
your rectum. The prostate adds additional fluid to ejaculate, which helps nourish sperm.
The urethra runs through the center of the prostate gland.
Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
The bulbourethral glands are pea-sized structures on the sides of your urethra, just
below your prostate. They create a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the
urethra. This fluid lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acids that may remain from
your pee.