Reading and Writing Skills3

Reading and Writing
Skills
READING
AND
WRITING
SKILLS
By Umm Ziyad
INDEX
Introduction 2
PART ONE
Revision of the step by step book 3
My beautiful letters 4
Table of Arabic letters 5
Writing exercices 7
The Marks 9
Fat-hah 9
Letter Hamzah 10
Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah 12
The shortened Alif 15
kasrah 16
Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah 17
Dammah 20
Dammah and waaw Maddiyah 22
Sukoon 24
How to pause on Arabic words 25
Shaddah 26
PART TWO
Rules of reading more than a word 29
Introduction to the Arabic word 30
Tanween 31
Tied Taa' 35
Connecting Hamzah 37
Disconnecting Hamzah 38
Laam in (Al of definition) 39
www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 1
INTRODUCTION
All praise is for Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and forgiveness. We
seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves, and the evils of our actions.
I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone
and I bear witness that Muhammad ‫م‬‫ﻰ اﷲُ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺴﻠ‬‫ ﺼﻠ‬is His servant and
Messenger.
- In the book you have in hand, we will complete the needed lessons to
ْ
be able to read and write any Arabic text ‫إن شا َء ﷲ‬
- We will start with a revision of the Step by Step book: Arabic letters,
how to connect or separate them, the Arabic marks and the comparison
between short and long vowels.
- Few new important lessons are added to make you able to read
words together are added.
- It is important to know that this is a book of reading and writing
practice book, not a book to learn the language, so you might find few
words that do not have meaning in Arabic but we are only using them for
practice.
- We will keep transliteration for most of the words, as probably it will
be a self-studying book, but always try to read the words without the
transliteration first then check if it is correct.
- A question that might come to your mind when doing these lessons
is:
Why does the same word appears with different marks on the
last letter?
ٍ ‫ﺼر‬
‫اط‬ ِ ِ
‫ﺼ ارطًﺎ‬ ِ
ٌ‫ﺼ ارط‬
The ending of an Arabic word changes after its position (role of the
word in the sentence e.g. subject, object etc ). However, the word
still means the same.
The reason of these changes will be explained later in the Qur'aanic
ْ
Arabic lessons ‫إن شا َء ﷲ‬
Hope you find these notes useful. May Allaah keep you straight on his
path, and teach you what will be beneficial for you, give you success in this
life and in the hereafter.
PART 1
REVISION OF THE "STEP BY STEP" BOOK
‫أ‬
‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬
‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬
‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬
‫ض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬

‫ُﺤ ُروِﻓﻲ ا ْﻝ َﺠ ِﻤﻴﻠَ ُﺔ‬
My beautiful letters
‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬
‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ف‬
‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬
Vocaliza Translite At the Connected
Letter At the In the
Figure - r- Example New Heavy Light beginnin from right
Name end middle only
tion tion g
first
1 Hamzah ‫ء‬ sound in a,o,e,i 'Apple *
( a, o, e,
i)
2 Baa’ ‫ب‬ b b Back * ‫ـب‬ ‫ـﺒـ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬

3 Taa’ ‫ت‬ t t Tab * ‫ـت‬ ‫ـﺘـ‬ ‫ﺘـ‬
4 Thaa’ ‫ث‬ th th Thank * ‫ـث‬ ‫ـﺜـ‬ ‫ﺜـ‬
5 Jeem ‫ج‬ j j Jar * ‫ـﺞ‬ ‫ـﺠـ‬ ‫ﺠـ‬
6 Haa’ ‫ح‬ - h - * * ‫ـﺢ‬ ‫ـﺤـ‬ ‫ﺤـ‬
7 Khaa’ ‫خ‬ - kh - * * ‫ـﺦ‬ ‫ـﺨـ‬ ‫ﺨـ‬
8 Daal ‫د‬ d d Data * ‫ـد‬ ‫ـد ـ‬ ‫دـ‬ *
9 Dhaal ‫ذ‬ th dh That * ‫ـذ‬ ‫ـذ ـ‬ ‫ذـ‬ *
10 Raa’ ‫ر‬ r r Right * ‫ـر‬ ‫ـرـ‬ ‫رـ‬ *
11 Zaay ‫ز‬ z z Zoo * ‫ـز‬ ‫ـزـ‬ ‫زـ‬ *
12 Seen ‫س‬ s s Sand * ‫ـس‬ ‫ـﺴـ‬ ‫ﺴـ‬
13 Sheen ‫ش‬ sh sh Shadow * ‫ـش‬ ‫ـﺸـ‬ ‫ﺸـ‬
14 Saad ‫ص‬ s s Sauce * ‫ـص‬ ‫ـﺼـ‬ ‫ﺼـ‬
15 Daad ‫ض‬ - d - * * ‫ـض‬ ‫ـﻀـ‬ ‫ﻀـ‬
Vocaliza Translite At the Connect
Letter At the In the ed from
Figure - r- Example New Heavy Light beginnin right
Name end middle
tion tion g only
16 Taa’ ‫ط‬ t t - * ‫ـطـ‬ ‫ـط ـ‬ ‫ط‬

17 Dhaa’ ‫ظ‬ th dh - * ‫ـظـ‬ ‫ـظ ـ‬ ‫ظ‬
18 3ayn ‫ع‬ - 3 - * * ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫ـﻌـ‬ ‫ﻋـ‬
19 Ghyne ‫غ‬ - gh - * * ‫ـﻎ‬ ‫ـﻐـ‬ ‫ﻏـ‬
20 Faa’ ‫ف‬ f f Fat * ‫ـف‬ ‫ـﻔـ‬ ‫ﻓـ‬
21 Qaaf ‫ق‬ - q - * * ‫ـق‬ ‫ـﻘـ‬ ‫ﻗـ‬
22 Kaaf ‫ك‬ k k Kid * ‫ــك‬ ‫ـﻜـ‬ ‫ﻜـ‬
23 Laam ‫ل‬ l l Lamp * ‫ـل‬ ‫ـﻠـ‬ ‫ﻝـ‬
24 Meem ‫م‬ m m Map * ‫ـم‬ ‫ـﻤـ‬ ‫ﻤـ‬
25 Noon ‫ن‬ n n Name * ‫ـن‬ ‫ـﻨـ‬ ‫ﻨـ‬
26 Haa’ ‫ﻫـ‬ h h Hat * ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ـﻬ ـ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬
27 Waaw ‫و‬ w w Wing * ‫ـو‬ ‫ـوـ‬ ‫وـ‬ *
Waaw
Maddiyah
‫و‬ oo oo Moon * ‫ـو‬ ‫وـ‬ __ *
28 Yaa’ ‫ي‬ Y Y You * ‫ـﻲ‬ ‫ـﻴـ‬ ‫ﻴـ‬
Yaa’
Maddiyah
‫ي‬ ee ee Deep ‫ــﻲ‬ ‫ـﻴـ‬ __
29
Alif
Maddiyah
‫ا‬ Long a aa sad * ‫ـﺎ‬ .‫ـﺎ‬ ‫اـ‬ *
WRITING EXERCISES
١ ‫ﺘَ ْد ِرﻴب‬
Connect the letters of the word
‫كتب‬ ‫قلب‬ ‫بلغ قبض صبغ‬

................. ............. ................. ................ ................
‫تبت‬ ‫مسح‬ ‫عتب‬ ‫فتح‬ ‫تين‬
................. ................. ................. ................ ................
‫جبل‬ ‫ليث‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫لمم‬ ‫لثم‬
................. ................. ................. ................ ................
٢ ‫ﺘَ ْد ِرﻴب‬
Separate the letters of each word
‫ﻜﺘب‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺸﻤس‬ ‫ﻋﺒس‬
‫ﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻠم‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘل‬
‫ﻨﻘص‬ ‫ﺤﻠل‬ ‫ﻗﺘل‬ ‫ﺸﻴن‬
Remember that the non connectors (the letters connected from
right side only) are: ‫وا د ذ ر ز‬
٣ ‫ﺘَ ْد ِرﻴب‬
Connect the letters of the word
‫كوب‬ ‫قلب‬ ‫صاب‬ ‫قبر‬ ‫بدر‬
............... ............. ................. ................ ................
‫توت‬ ‫متر‬ ‫عاب‬ ‫فتح‬ ‫تين‬

...............
................. ................. ................ ................
‫حدث‬ ‫ليث‬ ‫مدر‬ ‫جثم‬ ‫ثوم‬
................. ................. ................. ................ ................
٤ ‫ﺘَ ْد ِرﻴب‬
Separate the letters of each word
‫ﻜوب‬ ‫ﺴﺘر‬ ‫ﺸرب‬ ‫ﻋﺒد‬
‫ﺤوت‬ ‫ﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﺜوب‬ ‫ﻨذر‬
‫ﻨﻘد‬ ‫ﺴﺄل‬ ‫ﻨزل‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺎت‬
ُ ‫*ا ْﻝ َﺤَرَﻜ‬1
THE MARKS
(Fat-hah, Dammah, Kasrah, Sukoon and Shaddah)
1- FAT-
FAT-HAH
is a small diagonal line placed above a letter, and represents a short (a).
This (a) is pronounced as (a) in (tablet). The word Fat-hah means opening,
and refers to the opening of the mouth when producing an (a)
The mark of Fat-hah ُ‫ف َ◌ﺘْ َﺤﺔ‬

َ is up, and my mouth goes up ba
‫وف َﻤ َﻊ اْﻝﻔَﺘْ َﺤ ِﺔ‬

ُ ‫اْﻝ ُﺤ ُر‬
The letters with the Fat-hah
‫َخ‬ ‫َح‬ ‫َج‬ ‫ث‬

َ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ب‬
َ ‫* َء‬2
kha ha ja tha ta ba 'a
‫ص‬
َ ‫ش‬
َ ‫َس‬ ‫َز‬ ‫َر‬ ‫َذ‬ ‫َد‬
sa sha sa za ra dha da
‫ق‬
َ ‫ف‬
َ ‫غ‬
َ ‫ع‬
َ َ‫ظ‬ َ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬
َ
qa fa gha 3a dha ta da
‫ي‬
َ ‫َو‬ ‫ه‬
َ ‫َن‬ ‫َم‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َك‬
ya wa ha na ma la ka
*1-The letter ( ‫ ) ا‬you see at the beginning of that word is not a long vowel
(long vowels cannot start a word) but it is a type of Hamzah called Hamzah
of connection that will be explained later in that book.
*2- We have only chosen the form of the Hamzah without a seat as an
example, anyway the Hamzah sound will not change with all her seats. Look
at the next page for a quick revision of Hamzah.
LETTER HAMZAH
The Hamzah is represented by a sign. This sign is sometimes written over
or under certain letters called “seats”, or else aloof.
The seats can be: ( ‫ ا ) أ‬، ( ‫ و ) ؤ‬، ( ‫ﺌـ‬ or ‫ى)ئ‬

The seat is not pronounced, but is only an orthographic convention in the
spelling of words with Hamzah.
There is a cardinal rule in the reading of Hamzah:
If there is a seat, ignore it.
The writing of Hamzah:

1- Aloof ( ‫)ء‬ not connected from right or from left.
2- With a carrier, in which case it becomes like a diacritic:
a- Above and under an Alif ( ‫أ‬ ‫)إ‬ (This is how it appears at the beginning
of a word)
b. Above a waaw (‫) ؤ‬
c. Above a dotless yaa' (‫)ئ‬
The rules of writing The Hamzah will be studied later ‫اﷲ‬
ُ ‫ﺎء‬
َ ‫إن َﺸ‬
ْ
Important comment:
Note that the Alif and Hamzah are two different letters. The letter Alif is
a long vowel, always written free from any type of Harakah, and it never
comes at the beginning of a word. But Hamzah is a consonant that
comes anywhere in the word with a Harakah.
(Step by step book page 61)
But because the Hamzah is mostly using Alif as a seat, people call the
Hamzah on the top of Alif ( ‫ ) أ‬: "Alif" also.
This might cause lot of confusion to the beginners but soon you will get
used to it.
In our lessons, we will always follow the correct way of differentiating

between them as they are not the same.
‫ﻤﺎت َﻤ َﻊ اْﻝﻔَﺘْ َﺤ ِﺔ‬
ٌ ِ‫َﻜﻠ‬
Words with Fat-hah
Read, Copy and revise how to connect the letters
‫َح َس َد‬ ‫ظ َل َم‬

َ ‫غ َس َل‬
َ ‫ب‬
َ ‫ت‬
َ ‫َك‬ ‫ت َح‬
َ ‫ف‬
َ
‫َﺤ َﺴ َد‬ ‫ظﻠَ َم‬

َ ‫َﻏ َﺴ َل‬ ‫ب‬
َ َ‫َﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﻓَﺘَ َﺢ‬
hasada dhalama ghasala kataba fataha
‫ع َم َل‬
َ ‫ب‬
َ ‫ص َر َك َس‬
َ ‫َن‬ ‫ع َل‬
َ ‫ف‬
َ ‫ع‬
َ ‫َج َم‬
‫َﻋ َﻤ َل‬ ‫ب‬

َ ‫َﻜ َﺴ‬ ‫ﺼ َر‬
َ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ﻓَ َﻌ َل‬ ‫َﺠ َﻤ َﻊ‬
3amala kasaba nasara fa3ala jama3a
‫ب َس‬
َ ‫ي‬
َ ‫ه َر‬
َ ‫َن‬ ‫َن َس َك‬ ‫ف َر‬
َ ‫غ‬
َ ‫ت َل‬
َ ‫ق‬
َ
‫َﻴَﺒ َس‬ ‫َﻨﻬَ َر‬ ‫ك‬

َ ‫َﻨ َﺴ‬ ‫َﻏﻔَ َر‬ ‫ﻗَﺘَ َل‬
yabasa nahara nasaka ghafara qatala
ُ ِ‫اْﻝﻔﺘْ َﺤﺔُ واﻷَﻝ‬
ُ‫دَﻴﺔ‬ ‫ف اْﻝ َﻤ‬
Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah (long vowel)
If the letter Alif ( ‫ ) ا‬comes after a letter with Fat-hah (Alif is always
preceded by Fat-hah), then this Alif will be pronounced like double Fat-
hah as (a) in dad. We call it Alif Madiyyah.
- Alif Maddiyyah is the long form of Fat-hah
An Arabic word cannot start with Alif Maddiyah because Madd is like
Sukoon.
‫ا(= آ‬+‫)ء‬ Standard

Arabic
‫َﺨﺎ‬ ‫َﺤﺎ‬ ‫َﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺜَﺎ‬ ‫ﺘَﺎ‬ ‫َﺒﺎ‬
〈 z# Qur'aan
script
khaa haa jaa thaa taa baa 'aa
‫ﺼﺎ‬
َ ‫َﺸﺎ‬ ‫َﺴﺎ‬ ‫َاز‬ ‫َار‬ ‫َذا‬ ‫َدا‬
saa shaa saa zaa raa dhaa daa
‫ﻗَﺎ‬ ‫ﻓَﺎ‬ ‫َﻏﺎ‬ ‫َﻋﺎ‬ ‫ظﺎ‬

َ ‫طﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻀﺎ‬
َ
qaa faa ghaa 3aa dhaa taa daa
‫َﻴﺎ‬ ‫َوا‬ ‫َﻫﺎ‬ ‫َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﻜﺎ‬

yaa waa haa naa maa laa kaa
‫ﻴ ِﺔ‬‫د‬ ‫ف اْﻝ َﻤ‬
ِ ِ‫وف ﻤﻊ اْﻝﻔَﺘْﺤ ِﺔ وﻤﻊ اﻷَﻝ‬
َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ‫ﻴن اْﻝ ُﺤ ُر‬
َ ‫ﻘﺎرﻨﺔُ َﺒ‬
َ ‫ُﻤ‬
Comparison between letters with Fat-hah and with long vowel Alif
‫َخ‬ ‫َح‬ ‫َج‬ ‫ث‬

َ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ب‬
َ ‫َء‬
‫َﺨﺎ‬ ‫َﺤﺎ‬ ‫َﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺜَﺎ‬ ‫ﺘَﺎ‬ ‫َﺒﺎ‬ ‫آ‬
‫ص‬َ ‫ش‬ َ ‫َس‬ ‫َز‬ ‫َر‬ ‫َذ‬ ‫َد‬
‫ﺼﺎ‬
َ ‫َﺸﺎ‬ ‫َﺴﺎ‬ ‫َاز‬ ‫َار‬ ‫َذا‬ ‫َدا‬
‫ق‬
َ ‫ف‬
َ ‫غ‬
َ ‫ع‬
َ ‫ظ‬
َ ‫ط‬
َ ‫ض‬َ
‫ﻗَﺎ‬ ‫ﻓَﺎ‬ ‫َﻏﺎ‬ ‫َﻋﺎ‬ ‫ظَﺎ‬ ‫طَﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ‬
َ
‫ي‬
َ ‫َو‬ ‫ه‬
َ ‫َن‬ ‫َم‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َك‬
‫َﻴﺎ‬ ‫َوا‬ ‫َﻫﺎ‬ ‫َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﻜﺎ‬
ٌ ‫َﻜﻠِﻤﺎت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓَﺘْ َﺤﺔٌ وأ‬

ٌ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫د‬ ‫َﻝف َﻤ‬
Words that have Fat-hah and Alif Madiyyah
‫ﺎب‬
َ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫َﺤ َﺎم‬ ‫ﺎل‬
َ ‫َﺠ‬ ‫ﺜَ َﺎر‬ ‫ﺎب‬
َ َ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺎت‬
َ ‫َﺒ‬ ‫آب‬
َ
khaaba haama jaala thaara taaba baata 'aaba
‫غ‬
َ ‫ﺼﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺎب‬
َ ‫َﺸ‬ ‫ﺎح‬
َ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫َاز َل‬ ‫اج‬
َ ‫َر‬ ‫اق‬
َ ‫َذ‬ ‫ان‬
َ ‫َد‬
saagha shaaha saaha zaala raaja dhaqa daana
‫ق َ◌ َاد‬
َ ‫ﻓَ َﺎز‬ ‫ﺎص‬
َ ‫َﻏ‬ ‫ﺎث‬
َ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﺎء‬
َ ‫ظ‬
َ ‫ط َﺎر‬
َ ‫ﺎع‬
َ ‫ﻀ‬َ
qaada faaza ghaasa 3aatha dhaa'a taara daa3a
‫ﺎي‬
َ ‫َﻴ‬ ‫َوا َل‬ ‫ﺎب‬
َ ‫َﻫ‬ ‫ﺎس‬
َ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ﺎء‬
َ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ﻻح‬
َ ‫َﻜﺎ َل‬
yaaya waala haaba naasa maa'a laaha kaala
‫َﻝف اﻝﻤ ‪‬د‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ﻓﻲ اْﻝ َﻜﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺤﺔ واﻷ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎرَﻨﺔٌ ﺒ ْﻴن اْﻝﻔَﺘْ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ َ‬
‫‪Comparison between Fat-hah and long vowel Alif in words‬‬
‫آﻤ َن‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻓَﺎﺘَ َﺢ‬ ‫ﻓَﺘَ َﺢ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫َارﻓَﻊَ‬ ‫َرﻓَﻊَ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َﻤ َن‬
‫أَ‬ ‫ء‬
‫‪〈 ztΒ#u‬‬
‫‪faataha‬‬ ‫‪fataha‬‬ ‫‪raafa3a‬‬ ‫‪rafa3a‬‬ ‫‪aamana‬‬ ‫‪amana‬‬
‫ﻗَﺎﺘَ َل‬ ‫ﻗَﺘَ َل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫اﻋ َم‬

‫َز َ‬ ‫َزَﻋ َم‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ط َل‬
‫َﺒﺎ َ‬ ‫ط َل‬
‫َﺒ َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ب‬
‫َﻜﺎﺘَ َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫َﻜﺘَ َ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺎء َل‬
‫َﺴ َ‬ ‫ﺴﺄَ َل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ف‬
‫ﺘَﺎﻝَ َ‬ ‫ف‬
‫ﺘَﻠَ َ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﻻﻤ َس‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻝَ َﻤ َس‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َﺸﺎﺘَ َم‬ ‫َﺸﺘَ َم‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ت‬‫ﺜَ َﺎﺒ َ‬ ‫ت‬‫ﺜََﺒ َ‬ ‫ث‬
‫ث‬
‫َﻤﺎ َﻜ َ‬ ‫ث‬
‫َﻤ َﻜ َ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺼ َﺎﺒ َر‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺼَﺒ َر‬‫َ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ﺎﻫ َد‬
‫َﺠ َ‬ ‫َﺠﻬَ َد‬ ‫ج‬
‫ب‬
‫ﺎﺼ َ‬
‫َﻨ َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ﺼَ‬‫َﻨ َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬
‫ﻀ َﺎر َ‬‫َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ﻀ َر َ‬‫ض َ‬ ‫ﺎﻤ َل‬
‫َﺤ َ‬ ‫َﺤ َﻤ َل‬ ‫ح‬
‫ب‬‫َﻫ َﺎر َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫َﻫ َر َ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ب‬‫طَﺎﻝَ َ‬ ‫ب‬‫ط طَﻠَ َ‬ ‫َﺨ َﺎرَج‬ ‫َﺨ َرَج‬ ‫خ‬
‫ب‬
‫اﻫ َ‬
‫َو َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫َو َﻫ َ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺎﻫ َر‬
‫ظَ َ‬ ‫ظَﻬَ َر‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫َداﻓَﻊَ‬ ‫َدﻓَ َﻊ‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺎﻤ َن‬
‫َﻴ َ‬ ‫َﻴ َﻤ َن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬
‫َﻋ َﺎر َ‬ ‫ف‬
‫َﻋ َر َ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫َذ ِار ُ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ف‬
‫َذ َر َ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ق‬
‫َﻏ َﺎر َ‬ ‫ق‬
‫َﻏ َر َ‬ ‫غ‬
‫‪You should be able to continue reading without help‬‬

‫ﺎء اﷲُ‬
‫إن َﺸ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com‬‬ ‫‪Page 14‬‬

AL-ALIF- UL-MAQSOORAH ُ‫ﺼورة‬ ُ ِ‫اﻷﻝ‬
ُ ‫ف اْﻝ َﻤ ْﻘ‬
The shortened Alif
Sometimes long vowel ( ‫ ) ا‬at the end of the word is written in the
shape of Yaa' without dots. You still pronounce it as an Alif ( ‫( ) ا‬aa) not
as ‫( ي‬ee), We call it "Al-Alif-ul-Maqsoorah" (The shortened Alif)
How would I know it is an Alif not a Yaa’?

1- It has no dots below.
2- It has no mark.
3- It is preceded by Fat-hah ‫ﻓَﺘْ َﺤﺔ‬
4- In The Qur’aan it has a small ‫ ا‬on the top of it 3“.

Ex.
‫وﺴﻰ‬ ِ
َ ‫ُﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ‬ Standard
Arabic
〈 4y›θãΒ  〈 4|¤ŠÏã  〈 4’n?tã  Qur'aan

script
Moosaa 3eesaa 3alaa
2- KASRAH
Is a small diagonal line placed below a letter and represents a short (i).
This (i) is pronounced as (i) in bin. The word Kasrah means breaking.
The mark of Kasrah ‫ﺴ َرة‬

ْ ‫ َﻜ‬is down, and my mouth goes down bi
Words with kasrah ‫روف َﻤ َﻊ اْﻝ َﻜ ْﺴ َرِة‬

ُ ‫اْﻝ ُﺤ‬
‫ِخ‬ ‫ِح‬ ‫ِج‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ِت‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ِء‬
khi hi ji thi ti bi 'i
ِ
‫ص‬ ِ
‫ش‬ ِ
‫س‬ ‫ِز‬ ‫ِر‬ ‫ِذ‬ ‫ِد‬
si shi si zi ri dhi di
‫ق‬ ِ
‫ف‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ِع‬ ‫ِظ‬ ‫ِط‬ ِ
‫ض‬
qi fi ghi 3i dhi ti di
‫ِي‬ ‫ِو‬ ِ
‫ه‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ِك‬
yi wi hi ni mi li ki
‫ﻤﺎت ﺒِ َﺤ َرَﻜ ِﺔ اْﻝﻔَﺘْ ِﺢ واْﻝ َﻜ ْﺴ ِر َﻤ ًﻌﺎ‬

ٌ ِ‫َﻜﻠ‬
Words with Fat-hah and kasrah
‫إﺒِ ِل‬ َ‫َﻜ ِرﻩ‬ ‫َﻨ ِﺴ َﻲ‬ ‫َﺨ ِﺴ َر‬ َ ِ‫َﺤﺒ‬

‫ط‬
ibili kariha nasiya khasira habita
‫َﻋﻠِ َم‬ ‫َﻴ ِﻌ َﻲ‬ َ‫ﻓَ ِزع‬ ‫َﻴﺌِ َس‬ ‫ﻓَ ِرَح‬
3alima ya3iya fazi3a ya'isa fariha
‫َﺒ ِﺨ َل‬ ‫َو ِﺴ َﻊ‬ َ ِ‫ﻝَﺒ‬

‫ث‬ َ ‫َﺒ ِر‬
‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ِ‫أ‬
َ ‫َﺴ‬
bakhila wasi3a labitha bariqa asifa
ُ‫دَﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺎء اْﻝ َﻤ‬
ُ ‫اْﻝ َﻜ ْﺴ َرةُ واْﻝ‬
Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah (long vowel)
- If the letter Yaa' ( ‫ ) ي‬comes after a letter with Kasrah and has no mark
over or below it, then this Yaa' will be pronounced like double Kasrah as
(ee) in beep. We call it Yaa' Madiyyah.
- Yaa' Maddiyyah is the long form of kasrah.
- An Arabic word cannot start with Yaa' Maddiyyah (Madd is like Sukoon)
‫ِﺨﻲ‬ ‫ِﺤﻲ‬ ‫ِﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺜِﻲ‬ ‫ﺘِﻲ‬ ‫ﺒِﻲ‬ ‫ِءي‬

khee hee jee thee tee bee 'ee
ِ
‫ﺼﻲ‬ ‫ِﺸﻲ‬ ‫ِﺴﻲ‬ ‫ِزي‬ ‫ِري‬ ‫ِذي‬ ‫ِدي‬
see shee see zee ree dhee dee
‫ِﻗﻲ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻏﻲ‬ ‫ِﻋﻲ‬ ‫ِظﻲ‬ ‫ِطﻲ‬ ِ

‫ﻀﻲ‬
qee fee ghee 3ee dhee tee dee
‫ﻳِﻲ‬ ‫ِوي‬ ‫ِﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻨِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻝِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻜﻲ‬

yee wee hee nee mee lee kee
‫ﻴ ِﺔ‬‫د‬ ‫ﻴﺎء اْﻝ َﻤ‬
ِ ‫وف ﻤﻊ اْﻝ َﻜﺴرِة وﻤﻊ اْﻝ‬
َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ‫ﻘﺎرﻨﺔُ اْﻝ ُﺤ ُر‬
َ ‫ُﻤ‬
Comparison between letters with kasrah and long vowel Yaa'
‫ِخ‬ ‫ِح‬ ‫ِج‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ِت‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ِء‬

‫ِﺨﻲ‬ ‫ِﺤﻲ‬ ‫ِﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺜِﻲ‬ ‫ﺘِﻲ‬ ‫ﺒِﻲ‬ ‫ِءي‬
‫ص‬ِ ‫ش‬ِ ‫س‬ِ ‫ِز‬ ‫ِر‬ ‫ِذ‬ ‫ِد‬
‫ﺼﻲ‬ ِ ‫ِﺸﻲ‬ ‫ِﺴﻲ‬ ‫ِزي‬ ‫ِري‬ ‫ِذي‬ ‫ِدي‬
ِ
‫ق‬ ِ
‫ف‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ِع‬ ‫ِظ‬ ‫ِط‬ ‫ض‬ِ
‫ِﻗﻲ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻏﻲ‬ ‫ِﻋﻲ‬ ‫ِظﻲ‬ ‫ِطﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﻲ‬ ِ
‫ِي‬ ‫ِو‬ ِ
‫ه‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ﻳِﻲ‬ ‫ِوي‬ ‫ِﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻨِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻝِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻜﻲ‬
Words that have long vowel Yaa' ٌ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫د‬ ‫ﻴﺎء َﻤ‬ ٌ ِ‫َﻜﻠ‬
ٌ ‫ﻤﺎت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴص‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫َﻜﺜِ َﻴر‬ ِ ‫َﻜﺒِ َﻴر‬ ِ

َ ‫َرﺨ‬ ‫ﻴم‬
َ ‫َرﺤ‬ ‫ﻴم‬
َ ‫َرﺠ‬ ‫ﻴن‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺎن‬
َ ‫ﻴﻤ‬
َ‫إ‬
rakheesa raheema rajeema katheera teena kabeera 'eemaana
ِ َ‫ﻗ‬ َ ‫َرِﺸ‬ ‫َﻴ ِﺴﻴ َل‬ ‫َﻋ ِز َﻴز‬ ‫َﻨ ِذ َﻴر‬ ِ
‫ﺼ َﻴر‬ ‫ﻴد‬ َ ‫ِر‬
‫ﻴم‬ ‫ﻴن‬
َ ‫د‬
qaseera rasheeda yaseela 3azeeza reema nadheera deena
‫ِﻗﻴ َل‬ ‫ِﻓﻴ َل‬ ‫ﻴض‬

َ ‫ﻏ‬
ِ ‫ِﻋ َﻴر‬ ‫ﻴم‬ ِ
َ ‫َﻋظ‬ ‫ﻴب‬
َ ‫ط‬
ِ ‫ﻴد‬
َ‫ﻀ‬ ِ ‫َﻨ‬
qeela feela gheeda 3eera 3adheema teeba nadeeda
‫َﻨﺎﻴِﻲ‬ ‫َرِاوي‬ َ ‫َرِﻫ‬

‫ﻴب‬ ‫ﻨِﻴ َل‬ ‫ﻴن‬ ِ
َ ‫َﺴﻤ‬ ‫َﻗﻠِﻴ َل‬ ‫ﻴن‬ ِ
َ ‫َﻤﻜ‬
naayee raawee raheeba neela sameena qaleela makeena
‫ﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ اْﻝ َﻜﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎرَﻨ ِﺔ ﺒ ْﻴن اْﻝ َﻜﺴ ِر وﻤ ‪‬د اْﻝ ِ‬
‫ْ ََ‬ ‫ُ َ َ َ‬
‫‪Comparison between kasrah and long vowel Yaa' in words‬‬
‫ِﻓﻴ َل‬ ‫ِﻓ َل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ِرﻴﻊَ‬ ‫ِرعَ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إِ ِ‬

‫ﻴن‬ ‫إِ ِن‬ ‫ء‬
‫ِﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻴل‬ ‫ِﻗ ِل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِزﻴ َل‬ ‫ِز َل‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺒِ َﻴر‬ ‫ﺒِ َر‬ ‫ب‬
‫ِﻜ ِ‬
‫ﻴر‬ ‫ِﻜ ِر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ِﺴ َﻴر‬ ‫ِﺴ َر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﻴن‬ ‫ﺘِ ِن‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﻴن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻝِ َن‬ ‫ِﺸ ِ‬ ‫ِﺸ ِن‬ ‫ﺜِ ِ‬ ‫ﺜِ ِب‬
‫ﻝ َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻴن‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ﻴب‬ ‫ث‬
‫ِﻤﻴ َل‬ ‫ِﻤ َل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺼِ‬
‫ﻴر‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِر‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ِﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻴن‬ ‫ِﺠ ِن‬ ‫ج‬
‫ﻨِ ِ‬
‫ﻴس‬ ‫ﻨِ ِ‬
‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻴد‬
‫ﻀَ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻀ َد‬‫ِ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ِﺤﻴ َل‬ ‫ِﺤ َل‬ ‫ح‬
‫ِﻫ َﻴر‬ ‫ِﻫ َر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻴب‬
‫ط َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ب‬‫طَ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ِﺨ َ‬
‫ﻴف‬ ‫ِﺨ َ‬
‫ف‬ ‫خ‬
‫ِو َ‬
‫ﻴش‬ ‫ش‬‫ِو َ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ِظﻴ َل‬ ‫ِظ َل‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﻴن‬
‫د َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِد َن‬ ‫د‬
‫ﻳ َِﻴﺲ‬ ‫ِﻳ َﺲ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ِﻋ ِ‬
‫ﻴر‬ ‫ِﻋ ِر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ِذ ِ‬
‫ﻴل‬ ‫ِذ ِل‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ﻴض‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻏ َ‬ ‫ض‬
‫ﻏ َ‬ ‫غ‬

3- DAMMAH
Is a small curl placed above a letter and represents a short (u). This (u)
is pronounced as (u) in “bull “. The word Dammah means a hug.
The mark of Dammah ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬

َ looks like a whistle, that I blow in.
bu
‫ﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫روف َﻤ َﻊ اﻝ‬
ُ ‫اْﻝ ُﺤ‬
Letters with Dammah
‫ُخ‬ ‫ُح‬ ‫ُج‬ ‫ث‬

ُ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫ُء‬
khu hu ju thu tu bu 'u
‫ص‬
ُ ‫ش‬
ُ ‫ُس‬ ‫ُز‬ ‫ُر‬ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ُد‬
su shu su zu ru dhu du
‫ق‬
ُ ‫ف‬
ُ ُ‫غ‬ ُ‫ع‬ ُ‫ظ‬ ُ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬
ُ
qu fu ghu 3u dhu tu du
‫ي‬
ُ ‫ُو‬ ‫ه‬
ُ ‫ُن‬ ‫ُم‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ك‬
ُ
yu wu hu nu mu lu ku
 ‫ﻤﺎت ﺒِ َﺤ َرَﻜ ِﺔ اﻝ‬
‫م‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ٌ ِ‫َﻜﻠ‬
Words with Dammah
‫ق‬
ُ ‫طُ ُر‬ ‫ُر ُﺴ ُل‬ ‫ُﺤ ُرُم‬ ‫ُﺴُﺒ ُل‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ُ‫ُﻜﺘ‬
turuqu rusulu hurumu subulu kutubu
‫ُزُﺒ ُر‬ ‫ُﻜﺜُُر‬ ‫ُﻋ ُﻤ ُر‬ ‫ُﻨ ُذ ُر‬ ‫ب‬

ُ ‫ُﻋ ُر‬
zuburu kuthuru 3umuru nudhuru 3urubu
‫ﻴ ُﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻤ ُﺔ وا ْﻝو ُاو ا ْﻝ َﻤد‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫اﻝ‬
Dammah and waaw Maddiyah (long vowel)
- If the letter Waaw (‫ ) و‬comes after a letter with Dammah and has no
mark above or below it, then this Waaw will be pronounced like double
Dammah as (oo) in boot. We call it Waaw Madiyyah.
- Waaw Maddiyah is the long form of Dammah.
- An Arabic word cannot start with Waaw Maddiyah (Madd is like Sukoon)
‫ُﺨو‬ ‫ُﺤو‬ ‫ُﺠو‬ ‫ﺜُو‬ ‫ﺘُو‬ ‫ُﺒو‬ ‫ُءو‬

khoo hoo joo thoo too boo 'oo
‫ﺼو‬
ُ ‫ُﺸو‬ ‫ُﺴو‬ ‫ُزو‬ ‫ُرو‬ ‫ُذو‬ ‫ُدو‬
soo shoo soo zoo roo dhoo doo
‫ﻗُو‬ ‫ﻓُو‬ ‫ُﻏو‬ ‫ُﻋو‬ ‫ظُو‬ ‫طُو‬ ‫ﻀو‬

ُ
qoo foo ghoo 3oo dhoo too doo
‫ُﻴو‬ ‫ُوو‬ ‫ُﻫو‬ ‫ُﻨو‬ ‫ُﻤو‬ ‫ﻝُو‬ ‫ُﻜو‬

yoo woo hoo noo moo loo koo
‫د اْﻝو ِاو‬ ‫ﻤ ِﺔ َو َﻤ َﻊ َﻤ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫وف َﻤ َﻊ اﻝ‬
ُ ‫ﻘﺎرﻨﺔُ اْﻝ ُﺤ ُر‬
َ ‫ُﻤ‬
Comparison between letters with Dammah and long vowel waaw
‫ُخ‬ ‫ُح‬ ‫ُج‬ ‫ث‬

ُ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫ُء‬
‫ُﺨو‬ ‫ُﺤو‬ ‫ُﺠو‬ ‫ﺜُو‬ ‫ﺘُو‬ ‫ُﺒو‬ ‫ُءو‬
‫ص‬ُ ‫ش‬ُ ‫ُس‬ ‫ُز‬ ‫ُر‬ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ُد‬
‫ﺼو‬
ُ ‫ُﺸو‬ ‫ُﺴو‬ ‫ُزو‬ ‫ُرو‬ ‫ُذو‬ ‫ُدو‬
‫ق‬
ُ ‫ف‬
ُ ُ‫غ‬ ُ‫ع‬ ُ‫ظ‬ ُ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬ُ
‫ﻗُو‬ ‫ﻓُو‬ ‫ُﻏو‬ ‫ُﻋو‬ ‫ظُو‬ ‫طُو‬ ‫ﻀو‬
ُ
‫ي‬
ُ ‫ُو‬ ‫ه‬
ُ ‫ُن‬ ‫ُم‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ك‬
ُ
‫ُﻴو‬ ‫ُوو‬ ‫ُﻫو‬ ‫ُﻨو‬ ‫ُﻤو‬ ‫ﻝُو‬ ‫ُﻜو‬
ٌ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫د‬ ‫َﻜﻠِﻤﺎت ِﻓﻴﻬﺎ و ٌاو َﻤ‬

Words that have long vowel waaw
‫ور‬
ُ ‫ُﺨ‬ ‫ور‬
ُ ‫ُﺤ‬ ‫ُﻋ ُﺠو ُل‬ ‫ور‬
ُ ُ‫َﻨﺜ‬ ‫وب‬
ُ ُ‫َﻴﺘ‬ ‫ور‬
ُ ‫ُﺒ‬ ‫أَوﻝَﻰ‬
khooru hooru 3ujoolu nathooru yatoobu booru 'oolaa
‫ور‬
ُ‫ﺼ‬ُ ُ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ور‬
َ ‫ﻗُ ُﺸ‬ ‫ور‬
ُ ‫ُﺴ‬ ‫ور‬
ُ ‫َﻴ ُز‬ ‫ُﻤ ُرو ِج‬ ‫وق‬
َ ‫أَ ُذ‬ ‫ون‬
َ ‫ُد‬
qusooru qushoora sooru yazooru murooji adhuqa doona
‫ود‬
ُ ُ‫ﺘَﻘ‬ ‫ﻓُو ُل‬ ‫وص‬
ُ ‫َﻨ ُﻐ‬ ‫َﻴ ُﻌو َل‬ ُ‫ُﺤظُوظ‬ ِ ُ‫ُﻋط‬
‫ور‬ ‫ور‬
َ‫ﻀ‬ُ
taqoodu foolu naghoosu ya3oola hudhoodhu 3utoori doora
ِ ‫ُﻋُﻴ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ود‬
ُ ‫َد ُاو‬ ‫ُﺴﻬُو َل‬ ‫ور‬
ُ ‫ُﻨ‬ ‫ور‬
ُ ‫َﻴ ُﻤ‬ ِ ُ‫ُﻋﻠ‬
‫وم‬ ‫ون‬
َ ◌ُ ‫ك‬
ُ َ‫أ‬
3uyooni dawoodu suhoola nooru yamooru 3uloomi akoona
‫ﻀ ‪‬م واْﻝﻤ ‪‬د ﺒﺎْﻝو ِاو ﻓﻲ اْﻝ َﻜﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻘﺎرَﻨ ِﺔ َﺒ ْﻴ َن اﻝ ‪‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُﻤ َ‬
‫‪Comparison between Dammah and long vowel waaw in words‬‬
‫ﻓُ ِ‬
‫وز‬ ‫ﻓُ ِز‬ ‫ف‬ ‫وب‬
‫ُر َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ُر َ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أُوﻝَﻰ‬ ‫أُﻝَﻰ‬ ‫ء‬
‫ﻗُو َل‬ ‫ُﻗ َل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ُز ِ‬
‫ول‬ ‫ُزِل‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ور‬
‫ُﺒ ُ‬ ‫ُﺒ ُر‬ ‫ب‬
‫وب‬
‫ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫وق‬
‫ُﺴ ُ‬ ‫ق‬
‫ُﺴ ُ‬ ‫س‬ ‫وب‬
‫ﺘُ َ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ﺘُ َ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﻝُ ِ‬
‫وم‬ ‫ﻝُِم‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ور‬
‫ُﺸ َ‬ ‫ُﺸ َر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫وم‬
‫ﺜُ َ‬ ‫ﺜَُم‬ ‫ث‬
‫ُﻤو ِج‬ ‫ُﻤ ِﺞ‬ ‫م‬ ‫وم‬
‫ﺼ َ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ﺼ َم‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ول‬
‫ُﺠ َ‬ ‫ُﺠ َل‬ ‫ج‬
‫ُﻨو ُح‬ ‫ُﻨ ُﺢ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻀو ُل‬
‫ﻀ ُل ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ور‬
‫ُﺤ َ‬ ‫ُﺤ َر‬ ‫ح‬
‫ود‬
‫ُﻫ ُ‬ ‫ُﻫ ُد‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ف طُ ِ‬
‫وف‬ ‫طُ ِ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫وص‬
‫ص ُﺨ َ‬‫ُﺨ َ‬ ‫خ‬
‫ور‬
‫ُو َ‬ ‫ُوَر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ظُو ُل‬ ‫ظُ ُل‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ور‬
‫ُد َ‬ ‫ُد َر‬ ‫د‬
‫ُﻴ ِ‬
‫ور‬ ‫ُﻴ ِر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ُﻋو َل‬ ‫ُﻋ َل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫وق‬
‫ُذ ُ‬ ‫ق‬
‫ُذ ُ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫وص‬
‫ص ُﻏ ْ‬
‫ُﻏ ْ‬ ‫غ‬

4- SUKOON (Absence of the vowel)
This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that this letter is
not followed by any vowel’s sound (Absence of the vowel).
It is pronounced as “t” in “ant“, “b” in cobra…etc
‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ء‬

‫ َر‬.‫ﻓَ ْﺦ‬ ‫ ِﺴ ُن‬.‫ُﻤ ْﺢ‬ ‫ َﻤ ُل‬.‫ُﻤ ْﺞ‬ ‫أ َُر‬.‫ث‬ ْ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫ َﻋ‬.‫ت‬ ْ ‫َﻴ‬ ‫ﻨِﻲ‬.‫ب‬
ْ ‫َﻨ‬ *‫س‬.ْ
ُ ‫َأر‬
‫ﻓَ ْﺨ َر‬ ‫ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺴ ُن‬ ‫ُﻤ ْﺠ َﻤ ُل‬ ‫َﻨﺜْﺄ َُر‬ ‫ب‬ُ ‫َﻴﺘْ َﻌ‬ ‫َﻨ ْﺒﻨِﻲ‬ ‫ْس‬
ُ ‫َأر‬
fakhra muhsinu mujmalu nath'aru yat3abu nabnee ra'su
‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬

‫ر‬.
ُ‫ص‬ ْ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ ُر‬.‫ِﻗ ْش‬ ُ‫ﻤﻊ‬.
َ ‫َﻴ ْس‬ ِ ‫ِوْز‬
‫ر‬. ‫ق‬.
َ ‫َﺒ ْر‬ ِ ‫َﻋ ْذ‬
‫ب‬. ‫ﻴ ُن‬.
َ ‫َﻤ ْد‬
‫ﺼ ُر‬
ْ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ِﻗ ْﺸ ُر‬ ُ‫َﻴ ْﺴ َﻤﻊ‬ ‫ِوْزِر‬ ‫ق‬
َ ‫َﺒ ْر‬ ‫َﻋ ْذ ِب‬ ‫َﻤ ْدَﻴ ُن‬
nasru qishru yasma3u wizri barqa 3adhbi madyanu
‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬

ِ ‫َﻨ ْق‬
‫ل‬. ‫ﺘَ ُﺢ‬.‫ف‬
ْ َ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻓُو‬.‫َﻨ ْﻎ‬ ‫ﻝِﻲ‬.‫َﺒ ْﻊ‬ ‫ر‬.
ُ‫ظ‬ ْ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫رَﻨﺎ‬.
ُ‫ط‬ ْ ‫ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻝِﻲ‬.‫ض‬
ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
‫َﻨ ْﻘ ِل‬ ‫ﺘَ ْﻔﺘَ ُﺢ‬ ‫َﻨ ْﻐﻔُو‬ ‫َﺒ ْﻌﻠِﻲ‬ ‫ظ ُر‬
ْ ‫َﺤ‬ ْ ‫ِﻋ‬
‫ط ُرَﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﻠِﻲ‬
ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
naqli taftahu naghfoo ba3lee hadhru 3itrunaa fadlee
‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

‫ ُل‬.‫ﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺴ ُن‬. ِ
َ ‫َﺴ ْو‬ ‫ ُل‬.‫َﺴ ْﻪ‬ ‫ه‬.
ُ ‫ﻤ ْن‬ ‫ﻫ َل‬.
َ ‫أ َْم‬ ‫َﻫ ْل‬ ‫ب‬
َ َ‫ﺘ‬.‫َﻤ ْك‬
‫َﺴْﻴ ُل‬ ‫َﺴ ْو َﺴ ُن‬ ‫َﺴ ْﻬ ُل‬ ِ
ُ‫ﻤ ْﻨﻪ‬ ‫أ َْﻤﻬَ َل‬ ‫َﻫ ْل‬ ‫ب‬
َ َ‫َﻤ ْﻜﺘ‬
saylu sawsan sahlu minhu amhala hal maktaba
*This dot is only is to show the way to pronounce Sukoon in the middle of a word, to
stop before the dot then to continue the word. The correct way of writing is on the
next line.
How to pause on Arabic words
- An Arabic word never starts with Sukoon.
- If you pause on any word, you have to keep a Sukoon on the last letter
of the word e.g. the last letter must be 'still' (in reading) even if there is a
different mark on it (in writing).
Pausing The word

form
- ‫َوﻝَ ُد – َوﻝَ َد‬
Word ending with Fat-hah or Dammah or Kasrah, we
pause with sukoon on the last letter. walad
‫َوﻝَِد‬
‫ِﻓﻲ‬
Word ending with a long vowel, we pause on a long
vowel as well. Fee
Maa ‫َﻤﺎ‬
yarjoo ‫َﻴ ْرُﺠو‬
‫و‬ ‫و – َﻋ ُد‬ ‫َﻋ ُد‬
Word ending with Shaddah, we pause on sukoon but
with doubling the letter. 3aduww
‫و‬ ‫َﻋ ُد‬

‫ُﻫ َو‬
If the last letter is a waaw without Shaddah
preceded by a Dammah, or a yaa' without Shaddah hoo
‫ِﻫ َﻲ‬
preceded by a Kasrah, we change the waaw and yaa'
to long vowels when pausing. hee
5- SHADDAH
This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that the letter
should be stressed (which means to pause on the letter and then to say the
same letter with a vowel).
Shaddah can be with the Fat-hah ( ‫ ) ـ ـ ــ‬or the Kasrah ( ‫) ـ ـ ــ‬ or the
Dammah ( ‫) ـ ـ ــ‬

Help Shaddah is repeating the letter twice without moving
the tongue: once with a sukoon and once with a vowel
1-Shaddah with Fat-hah
Example: when you say: what time is it?
On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Fat-hah.
2- Shaddah with Kasrah

Example: when you say: Do you like hot tea?
On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Kasrah.
3- Shaddah with Dammah ‫و‬

Example: when you say: I like it too!
On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Dammah.
‫ب‬  (‫ ت‬with shaddah and Fat-hah) is batta = ‫ت‬

َ +‫ت‬  ‫َﺒ‬
‫ب‬  (‫ ت‬with shaddah and Kasrah) is batti = ‫ت‬
َ +‫ت‬  ‫َﺒ‬
‫ب‬
َ +‫ت‬  ‫َﺒ‬
 (‫ ت‬with shaddah and Dammah) is battu =‫ت‬
(Step by Step page 21)
‫آﺨ ِر اْﻝ َﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ‬
ِ ‫د ِة ﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻤﺎت ﻤﻊ اﻝ‬
َ
ِ
َ َ ُ ‫اْﻝ َﻜﻠ‬
Words with Shaddah at the end of the word
‫أ‬
‫َب‬ ‫أ‬
‫َب‬ ‫أ‬
‫َب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ء‬
full abbu abbi abba
pausal* abb abb abb
 ‫َﺒ‬
‫ث‬  ‫َﺒ‬
‫ث‬  ‫َﺒ‬
‫ث‬ ‫ث‬  ‫َﺒ‬
‫ت‬  ‫َﺒ‬
‫ت‬  ‫َﺒ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
baththu baththi baththa battu batti batta
‫ﺢ‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ج‬
mahhu mahhi mahha 3ajju 3ajji 3ajja
‫د‬ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫د‬ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫د‬ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫د‬ ‫خ‬‫َر‬ ‫خ‬‫َر‬ ‫خ‬‫َر‬ ‫خ‬
saddu saddi sadda rakhkhu rakhkhi rakhkha
‫ر‬ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫َﻫ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫َﻫ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫َﻫ‬ ‫ذ‬
sarru sarri sarra hadhdhu hadhdhi hadhdha
‫س‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ز‬
hassu hassi hassa mazzu mazzi mazza
‫ص‬
 َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ص‬
 َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ص‬
 َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ص‬  ‫َر‬
‫ش‬  ‫َر‬
‫ش‬  ‫َر‬
‫ش‬ ‫ش‬
qassu qassi qassa rashshu rashshi rashsha
‫َدع‬ ‫َدع‬ ‫َدع‬ ‫ع‬  ‫َﺤ‬

‫ض‬  ‫َﺤ‬
‫ض‬  ‫َﺤ‬
‫ض‬ ‫ض‬
da33u da33i da33a haddu haddi hadda
 ‫َﻜ‬
‫ف‬  ‫َﻜ‬
‫ف‬  ‫َﻜ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ف‬ ‫َزغ‬ ‫َزغ‬ ‫َزغ‬ ‫غ‬
kaffu kaffi kaffa zaghghu zaghghi zaghgha
 ‫َﺸ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ك‬ ‫َﺸ‬  ‫َﺸ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ك‬ ‫د‬
‫ق‬ ‫د‬
‫ق‬ ‫د‬
‫ق‬ ‫ق‬
shakku shakki shakka daqqu daqqi daqqa
‫م‬ ‫َﻫ‬ ‫م‬ ‫َﻫ‬ ‫م‬ ‫َﻫ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َﺠ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َﺠ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َﺠ‬ ‫ل‬
hammu hammi hamma jallu jalli jalla
‫َﺴﻪ‬ ‫َﺴﻪ‬ ‫َﺴﻪ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ن‬
sahhu sahhi sahha hannu hanni hanna
‫ﻲ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫و‬ َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫و‬ َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫و‬
3ayyu 3ayyi 3ayya qawwu qawwi qawwa
*You should read each word once in full form keeping the last vowel (when you
continue reading after that word) and once when pausing on Sukoon by keeping
the stress (doubling the letter) on the last letter.
ٌ‫دة‬ ‫ﻤﺎت ِﻓﻴﻬﺎ َﺸ‬

ٌ ِ‫َﻜﻠ‬
Words with Shaddah
ُ‫ﻴﺎط‬‫َﺨ‬ ُ ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺎن‬  ‫ُﺤ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َﺸ‬ ُ‫اﷲ‬
khayyaatu fannaanu hubba sharru Allaahu Full form
khayyaat fannaan hubb sharr Allaah Pausal form
tailor artist love evil Allaah Meaning
‫ﺠ ُﺎر‬ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ر ُس‬ ‫ُﻤ َد‬  ‫ﺼ‬

‫ف‬ َ ‫ِﻘﻲ‬‫ُﻤﺘ‬ ‫ون‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺴﺘ‬
najjaaru mudarrisu saffu muttaqee sittoona
najjaar mudarris saff muttaqee sittoon
carpenter teacher row pious sixty
PART 2
NEW LESSONS
RULES OF READING MORE THAN A WORD
1- INTRODUCTION OF THE ARABIC WORD

2- TANWEEN
3- TAA' MARBOOTAH
4- HAMZA-TUL-WASL
5- LAAM AT-TA3REEF
1- INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD
ُ‫ﻴﺔ‬ِ‫اْﻝ َﻜﻠِ َﻤﺔُ اْﻝ َﻌ َرﺒ‬

The Arabic Word
Particle ‫ف‬
ٌ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ Verb ‫ِﻓ ْﻌ ٌل‬ Noun ‫ِا ْﺴ ٌم‬
‫اْﻝ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُل‬
Preposition
،‫ إﻝﻰ‬،‫ َﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ِﻓﻲ‬ Past tense
‫ر‬‫ف َﺠ‬
ُ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ verb ِ
Human ٌ ‫إِ ْﻨ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‬
..‫ ﻜـ‬، ‫ َﻤ َﻊ‬، ‫ِﻤ ْن‬ ‫اﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬
Conjunction ‫اْﻝ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُل‬
Particle ٍ ‫ط‬
‫ف‬ ْ ‫ف َﻋ‬
ُ ‫َﺤ ْر‬
Present
Animal ‫ان‬
ٌ ‫َﺤَﻴو‬
tense verb
..‫ ﻓـ‬،‫م‬ُ‫ ﺜ‬،‫ أو‬،‫و‬ ِ ‫اْﻝ ُﻤ‬
ُ‫ﻀﺎرع‬
Negation Command
Particle ‫ف َﻨ ْﻔ ٍﻲ‬
ُ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ verb ‫ِﻓ ْﻌ ُل اﻷ َْﻤ ِر‬ Solid ‫ﻤﺎد‬
ٌ ‫َﺠ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ( imperative)
Calling
Particle ٍ ِ‫ف ﻨ‬
‫داء‬ ُ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ Plant ‫ﺒﺎت‬
ٌ ‫َﻨ‬
‫ﻴﺎ‬
Etc. Place ‫ﻜﺎن‬

ٌ ‫َﻤ‬
Time ‫ﻤﺎن‬
ٌ ‫َز‬
Adjective ِ
ٌ‫ﺼﻔَﺔ‬
Pronoun ‫ﻀ ِﻤ ٌﻴر‬
َ
Demonstrative ٍ َ ِ‫ِا ْﺴم إ‬
‫ﺸﺎرة‬ ُ
Relative
‫ﺼو ٌل‬ ِ
Pronoun ُ ‫ا ْﺴ ٌم َﻤ ْو‬
Etc.
2- TANWEEN ُ ‫ْﻨ ِو‬‫اﻝﺘ‬
‫ﻴن‬
Tanween is a sound of Noon with Sukoon, that you hear at the end of
Arabic indefinite nouns, but you do not write as a letter ‫ن‬
ْ . It is written in a
special way, by writing the vowel mark twice.
bintan = ‫ﺒِ ْﻨﺘًﺎ‬ bintin = ‫ﺒِ ْﻨ ٍت‬ bintun = ٌ ‫ ﺒِ ْﻨ‬or ‫ت‬

‫ت‬ × ‫ﺒِ ْﻨ‬
Tanween Tanween Kasrah Tanween
Fat-hah (Kasrataan) Dammah
(Fat-hataan)* (Dammataan)
Fat-hataan means 2 Fat-hah, Kasrataan means 2 kasrah and Dammataan

means 2 Dammah. (as if the first is the vowel and the second in for ‫) ْن‬
‫ْن‬ ‫ْن‬
‫ﺒِ ْﻨﺘَـﺎ‬ ‫ْن‬
‫ﺒِ ْﻨ ِت‬ ُ ‫ﺒِ ْﻨ‬
‫ت‬
- Note that the Fat-hataan marks are regularly followed by an Alif,
written as the last letter in the word, but this Alif does not indicate a long
vowel except in the pausal form.
- The sound of Noon is heard only when we continue to read after that
word, but if we pause on that word, we pause on Sukoon over the last
written letter and we do not hear Noon sound of Tanween.
Full form Pausal form

(Continuing reading after that word) (Stopping on that word)
1- Dammataan –un: ‫ت‬ٌ ‫ﺒِ ْﻨ‬ bintun bint (like in Dammah)
2- Kasrataan –in: ‫ﺒِ ْﻨ ٍت‬ bintin bint (like in Kasrah)
3- Fat-hataan –an: ‫ﺒِ ْﻨﺘًﺎ‬ bintan bintaa (different than

Fat-hah due to the long vowel Alif that is added to the end)
‫آﺨ ِر اْﻝ َﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ‬
ِ ‫ف ﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ِ ‫ْﻨ ِو‬‫وف َﻤ َﻊ اﻝﺘ‬
َ ُ ‫ﻴن َواْﻝ َوْﻗ‬ ُ ‫اْﻝ ُﺤ ُر‬
The letters with Tanween and how to pause at the end of the word
‫أًَﺒﺎ‬ ٍ‫أ‬
‫َب‬ ‫َب‬
ٌ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َد ًءا‬ ‫َد ٍء‬ ‫َد ٌء‬ ‫ء‬
aban abin abun da'an da'in da'un full
abaa ab ab da'aa da' da' pausal
‫َﺒﺜًﺎ‬ ‫َﺒ ٍث‬ ‫ث‬

ٌ ‫َﺒ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫َﺒﺘًﺎ‬ ‫َﺒ ٍت‬ ‫ت‬
ٌ ‫َﺒ‬ ‫ت‬
bathan bathin bathun batan batin batun
bathaa bath bath bataa bat bat
‫َﻤ ًﺤﺎ‬ ‫َﻤ ٍﺢ‬ ‫َﻤ ٌﺢ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫َﻋ ًﺠﺎ‬ ‫َﻋ ٍﺞ‬ ‫َﻋ ٌﺞ‬ ‫ج‬
mahan mahin mahun 3ajan 3ajin 3ajun
mahaa mah mah 3ajaa 3aj 3aj
‫َﺴ ًدا‬ ‫َﺴٍد‬ ‫َﺴ ٌد‬ ‫د‬ ‫َرًﺨﺎ‬ ‫َرٍخ‬ ‫َرٌخ‬ ‫خ‬
sadan sadin sadun rakhan rakhin rakhun
sadaa sad sad rakhaa rakh rakh
‫َﺴ ًار‬ ‫َﺴ ٍر‬ ‫َﺴٌر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َﻫ ًذا‬ ‫َﻫٍذ‬ ‫َﻫ ٌذ‬ ‫ذ‬
saran sarin sarun hadhan hadhin hadhun
saraa sar sar hadhaa hadh hadh
‫َﺒ ًﺴﺎ‬ ٍ ‫َﺒ‬

‫س‬ ‫َﺒ ٌس‬ ‫س‬ ‫َﻤ ًاز‬ ‫َﻤ ٍز‬ ‫َﻤٌز‬ ‫ز‬
basan basin basun mazan mazin mazun
basaa bas bas mazaa maz maz
‫ﺼﺎ‬
ً َ‫ﻗ‬ ٍ َ‫ص ﻗ‬
‫ص‬ ٌ َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫َر ًﺸﺎ‬ ٍ ‫َر‬
‫ش‬ ‫ش‬
ٌ ‫َر‬ ‫ش‬
qasan qasin qasun rashan rashin rashun
qasaa qas qas rashaa rash rash
‫طﺎ‬
ً ‫َﺒ‬ ‫َﺒ ٍط‬ ٌ‫َﺒط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﻀﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ض َﺤ‬
ً ‫ض َﺤ‬ ٌ ‫ض َﺤ‬
batan batin batun hadan hadin hadun
bataa bat bat hadaa had had
‫َد ًﻋﺎ‬ ‫َد ٍع‬ ٌ‫َدع‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظﺎ‬
ً ‫َﻨ‬ ‫َﻨ ٍظ‬ ٌ‫َﻨظ‬ ‫ظ‬
da3an da3in da3un nadhan nadhin nadhun
da3aa da3 da3 nadhaa nadh nadh
‫َﻜﻔًﺎ‬ ٍ ‫َﻜ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ف‬
ٌ ‫َﻜ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫َزًﻏﺎ‬ ‫َزٍغ‬ ٌ‫َزغ‬ ‫غ‬
kafan kafin kafun zaghan zaghin zaghun
kafaa kaf kaf zaghaa zagh zagh
‫َﺸ ًﻜﺎ‬ ‫َﺸ ٍك‬ ‫ك‬

ٌ ‫َﺸ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫َدﻗًﺎ‬ ٍ ‫َد‬
‫ق‬ ‫ق‬
ٌ ‫َد‬ ‫ق‬
shakan shakin shakun daqan daqin daqun
shakaa shak shak daqaa daq daq
‫َﻫ ًﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﻫٍم‬ ‫َﻫ ٌم‬ ‫م‬ ً‫َﺠﻼ‬ ‫َﺠ ٍل‬ ‫َﺠ ٌل‬ ‫ل‬
haman hamin hamun jalan jalin jalun
hamaa ham ham jalaa jal jal
‫َﺴﻬًﺎ‬ ‫َﺴ ٍﻪ‬ ٌ‫َﺴﻪ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻓًَﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓَ ٍن‬ ‫ﻓَ ٌن‬ ‫ن‬
sahan sahin sahun fanan fanin fanun
sahaa sah sah fanaa fan fan
‫َﻨًﻴﺎ‬ ‫َﻨ ٍﻲ‬ ‫َﻨ ٌﻲ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻝَ ًوا‬ ‫ﻝَ ٍو‬ ‫ﻝٌَو‬ ‫و‬
nayan nayin nayun lawan lawin lawun
nayaa nay nay lawaa law law
‫ف َﻋْﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬﻤﺎ‬ ٌ ِ‫َﻜﻠ‬
ِ ‫ْﻨ ِو‬‫ﻤﺎت َﻤ َﻊ اﻝﺤرﻜﺎت واﻝﺘ‬
ُ ‫ﻴن َواْﻝ َوْﻗ‬
Words with short vowels and Tanween and how to pause on them
Fat-hah Tanween Kasrah Tanween Dammah Tanween

Fat-hah Kasrah Dammah
‫ت‬
َ ‫َﺒ ْﻴ‬ ‫َﺒ ْﻴﺘًﺎ‬ ‫َﺒ ْﻴ ِت‬ ‫َﺒ ْﻴ ٍت‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫َﺒ ْﻴ‬ ‫ت‬
ٌ ‫َﺒ ْﻴ‬
bayta baytan bayti baytin baytu baytun Full
form
bayt baytaa bayt bayt bayt bayt Pausal
form
house house house house house house meaning
ً‫َر ُﺴوﻻ‬ ‫َﺨ ْﻴ ِر‬ ‫َﺨ ْﻴ ٍر‬ ‫ﺘﺎب‬ ِ ٌ ‫ِﻜ‬

‫ول‬
َ ‫َر ُﺴ‬ ُ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب‬
rasoola rasoolan khayri khayrin kitaabu kitaabun Full
form
rasool rasoolaa khayr khayr kitaab kitaab Pausal
form
messenger messenger good good book book meaning
3 - TAA' MARBOOTAH ُ‫طﺔ‬ ُ ‫اﻝﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺎء اْﻝ َﻤ ْرُﺒو‬
The Tied Taa'
- Taa' Marbootah occurs only as the last consonant of a noun.
- It is a sign of femininity in singular nouns.
- It is a combination of the letter ‫ ت‬and the letter ‫ه‬

Ex ُ‫َوْرَدةُ – ﻓَ َار َﺸﺔ‬
- If we continue the reading after a word ending with Taa' Marbootah, we
pronounce it as a Taa' ‫ت‬, but if we pause on such word, we pause on
a Haa' ‫ ه‬with Sukoon.
Tanween Tanween Tanween

َ‫َوْرَدة‬ ً‫َوْرَدة‬ ‫َوْرَد ِة‬ ‫َوْرَد ٍة‬ ُ‫َوْرَدة‬ ٌ‫َوْرَدة‬

wardata wardatan wardati wardatin wardatu wardatun Full form
Pausal
wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah form
rose rose rose rose rose rose meaning
َ‫ﻨﺔ‬‫َﺠ‬ ً‫ﻨﺔ‬‫َﺠ‬ ‫َﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫َﻜﻠِ َﻤ ٍﺔ‬ ُ‫ﺼﻼة‬

َ ٌ‫ﺼﻼة‬
َ
jannata jannatan kalimati kalimatin salaatu salaatun Full form
Pausal
jannah jannah kalimah kalimah salaah salaah form
paradise paradise word word prayer prayer
*Notice that the long vowel Alif that comes after Tanween Fat-hah is not
written after Taa' Marbootah and that the pausal form is on Haa' Sukoon
as well.
If you fly to the next word, take the upper dots of ‫ ت‬with you
& if you stop suddenly and fall, you say oh!
Ex.
Read ‫ ِا ْﻗ َرﺌِﻲ‬/ ‫ِا ْﻗ َْأر‬
1- bintun jameelah. .ٌ‫ت َﺠ ِﻤﻴﻠَﺔ‬

ٌ ‫ﺒِ ْﻨ‬
A beautiful girl
2- taa'iratin kabeerah. ‫طَﺎﺌِ َرٍة َﻜﺒِ َﻴرٍة‬
A big plane
3- khadeejatu zawjatun saalihah. .ٌ‫ﺼﺎﻝِ َﺤﺔ‬
َ ٌ‫ﻴﺠﺔُ َزْو َﺠﺔ‬
ِ
َ ‫َﺨد‬
Khadeeja is a good wife
Notice that when we pause at the end of the sentences, we change the
sound of Taa' Marbootah to a Haa' with sukoon.
4- HAMZAT-
HAMZAT-UL-
UL-WASL ‫ﺼ ِل‬
ْ ‫َﻫ ْﻤ َزةُ اْﻝ َو‬
The connecting Hamzah
If the Alif is not carrying the sign of Hamzah, then it must be a long vowel
EXCEPT when it occurs first letter in the word.
In that case, the Alif is a Hamzah (consonant), but it is a special type of

Hamzah that is pronounced only when it is the first sound coming out
of the mouth (i.e. when you begin speaking by pronouncing that Hamzah).
This Hamzah is called 'Hamzat-ul-Wasl' ‫ﺼ ِل‬
ْ ‫اﻝو‬
َ ُ‫َﻫ ْﻤ َزة‬ or the 'connecting
Hamzah'
- It comes only at the beginning of the word.

- It looks like long vowel Alif, but you already know that this last cannot be
at the beginning of a word, as it is a sukoon.
- In the Qur’aan it has a symbol like small ‫ ﺼـ‬on the top. ( ‫) ﭐ‬, but in
standard Arabic books it is free of any sign.
- This Hamzah is pronounced only at the beginning of the speech, i.e. when
no other speech sound has been pronounced immediately before it;
Otherwise, it is silent.
- If we start with the word ‫ اﷲ‬we say: Allaah. (we hear the sound of
But if we start with a word before it Ex. ‫اك‬
َ ‫َﺠز‬
We say: Jazaka-llaah
ُ‫ك اﷲ‬
َ ‫َﺠ از‬ (We don’t pronounce A of the word Allaah,
we directly go from the Kaaf of Jazaaka to the letter Laam of the word
(Allaah). The Hamzah is omitted)
‫َزْو َﺠ ْﻴ ِن اﺜَْﻨ ْﻴ ِن‬ ‫اﺜَْﻨ ْﻴ ِن‬ Standard

Arabic
〈 È÷uΖøO$# È÷y`÷ρy—  〈 È÷uΖøO$#  Qur'aan

script
zawjayni-thnayn 'ithnayn
reading a word starting with
before it Hamza wasl
two pairs two meaning
HAMZAT-
HAMZAT-UL-
UL-QAT3
QAT3 ‫ط ِﻊ‬
ْ ‫َﻫ ْﻤ َزةُ اْﻝ َﻘ‬
The disconnecting Hamzah
‫أ‬
-The other outspoken Hamzah ( ) at the beginning of a word, with the
diacritic on the top is called 'Hamzat-ul-Qat3' ‫ط ِﻊ‬

ْ َ‫َﻫ ْﻤ َزةُ اﻝﻘ‬ or
the"Disconnecting Hamzah";that one is always pronounced, whether you
start with that word or you read a word before Ex. ‫َﺤ َﻤ ُد‬
ْ ‫ُﻫ َو أ‬ Huwa Ahmad
‫ﻘﺎب أَﻝِ ٍﻴم‬

ٍ ‫ِﻋ‬ ‫أَﻝِ ٍﻴم‬ Standard Arabic
〈 5ΟŠÏ9r& A>$s)Ïã  〈 5ΟŠÏ9r&  Qur'aan

script
3iqaabin aleem aleem
reading a word srarting with
before it Hamzat-ul-Qat3
painful punishment painful meaning
‫ ِا ْﻗ َرِﺌﻲ‬/ ‫ِا ْﻗ َأْر‬
Muhammad: kayfa-l-haal? ‫ف اْﻝﺤﺎ ُل؟‬

َ ‫ َﻜ ْﻴ‬:‫ﻤ ٌد‬ ‫ُﻤ َﺤ‬
How is the situation? (How are you?)
Hassan: bi-khayrin wa-l-hamdu l-illaah. .‫ ِﻪ‬‫ ﺒِ َﺨ ْﻴ ٍر َواْﻝ َﺤ ْﻤ ُد ﻝِﻠ‬:‫َﺤ َﺴ ٌن‬
In good and thanks to Allaah.
Muhammad: ma-smuk? ‫اﺴ ُﻤ َك؟‬
ْ ‫ ﻤﺎ‬:‫ﻤ ٌد‬ ‫ُﻤ َﺤ‬
What is your name?
Hassan: Ismee Hassan. .‫ ِا ْﺴ ِﻤﻲ َﺤ َﺴ ٌن‬:‫َﺤ َﺴ ٌن‬
My name is Hassan
5-- LAAM IN AL AT- TA3REEF ‫ ْﻌ ِرﻴف‬‫اﻝﻼم ﻓﻲ اﻝـ اﻝﺘ‬
AT-TA3
The letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition
ْ ‫اﻝﺘ‬
1- ‫ﻌ ِرﻴف‬ ‫*ال‬ is connected to nouns to make them definite.
It is equivalent to the English word "The", but should be connected at the
beginning of the noun not separate from it as in "The"
Ex. ُ ‫ اْﻝﺒِ ْﻨ‬- ‫اْﻝ َوﻝَ ُد‬
‫ت‬
2- The nouns that have Al of Definition cannot have Tanween. ‫اْﻝ َوﻝَ ٌد‬
Reading the letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition
The letter Laam in "Al at-Ta3reef" can be read in one of two ways
depending on the letter following it:
- Pronouncing that Laam clearly.
- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter.
a- Pronouncing that Laam clearly
When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the fourteen letters
in the group:‫ه‬ ‫ء ب خ ح ج ع غ ف ق ك و ي م‬
The scholars gathered them in the sentence: ُ‫ﻋ ِﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﺠ َك َو َﺨ‬ ‫إِ ْﺒ ِﻎ َﺤ‬
َ َ ‫ف‬
That Laam can be recognized easily by the Sukoon appearing over it.
The ‫ ﻻم‬in that case is called Laam Qamariyyah ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ ﻻم ﻗَ َﻤ ِر‬from ‫( ﻗَ َﻤ ُر‬moon)
due to the first letter ‫ ق‬that is one of the previous fourteen letters
‫اْﻝ َﻐـ‬ ‫اْﻝ َﻌـ‬ ‫اْﻝ َﺨـ‬ ‫اْﻝ َﺤـ‬ ‫اْﻝ َﺠـ‬ ‫اْﻝَﺒـ‬ َ‫اﻷ‬
al-gha al-3a al-kha al-ha al-ja al-ba al-'a
‫اْﻝَﻴـ‬ ‫اْﻝ َو‬ ‫اْﻝﻬَـ‬ ‫اْﻝ َﻤـ‬ ‫اْﻝ َﻜـ‬ ‫اْﻝﻘَـ‬ ‫اْﻝﻔَـ‬
al-ya al-wa al-ha al-ma al-ka al-qa al-fa
*Al of definition is starting with Hamzat-ul-Wasl
‫ ِا ْﻗ َرﺌِﻲ‬/ ‫ِا ْﻗ َْأر‬
‫اب‬
ُ ‫اْﻝ ُﻐ َر‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫اْﻝ َﻌ َر‬ ‫اْﻝ َﺨ ْﻴ ُر‬ ‫اْﻝ َﺤ َﺠ ُر‬ ‫اْﻝ َﺠ َﻤ ُل‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫اْﻝَﺒ ْﻴ‬ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ‬
ْ ‫اﻷ‬
al-ghuraab al-3arab al-khayr al-hajar al-jamal al-bayt al-'a3laa
The crow The The good The The The The
Arabs stone camel house highest
‫اْﻝَﻴ ْوُم‬ ‫اْﻝ َوﻝَ ُد‬ ‫اْﻝﻬُ َدى‬ ‫اْﻝ َﻤ ْوُز‬ ‫ﺎب‬ ِ ‫اْﻝ ِﻔﻴ ُل‬
ُ َ‫اْﻝﻜﺘ‬ ‫اْﻝﻘَ َﻤ ُر‬
al-yawm al-walad al-hudaa al-mawz al-kitaab al-qamar al-feel
The day The boy The The The The The
guidance banana book moon elephant
b- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter:
When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the remaining
fourteen letters of Arabic
‫ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن‬
The ‫ ﻻم‬in that case is called Laam Shamsiyyah ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ ﻻم َﺸ ْﻤ ِﺴ‬from ‫( َﺸ ْﻤ ُس‬sun)
due to the first letter ‫ ش‬which is one of the previous fourteen letters.
‫ﻨـ‬‫اﻝ‬ 
‫اﻝز‬ ‫اﻝر‬
 
‫اﻝذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اﻝ‬ ‫ـ‬‫اﻝﺜ‬ 
‫اﻝت‬
an-na az-za ar-ra adh-dha ad-da ath-tha at-ta
‫ـ‬‫اﻝﻠ‬ ‫ـ‬‫اﻝظ‬ ‫ـ‬‫اﻝط‬  ‫اﻝ‬

‫ﻀـ‬ ‫ـ‬‫اﻝﺼ‬ ‫ﺸـ‬ ‫اﻝ‬ ‫ـ‬‫اﻝﺴ‬
al-la adh-dha at-ta ad-da as-sa ash-sha as-sa
‫ ِا ْﻗ َرﺌِﻲ‬/ ‫ِا ْﻗ َْأر‬
 ُ ‫ْو ِﺤ‬‫اﻝﺘ‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬‫اﻝ‬
‫ور‬ ‫ت‬ 
ُ ‫اﻝزْﻴ‬ ‫اﻝرْﻗ ُم‬
 ُ‫اﻝذ َرة‬ ُ ‫د‬ ‫اﻝ‬
‫ﻴن‬ ُ ‫ْو‬‫اﻝﺜ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ﻴد‬
an-noor az-zayt ar-raqm adh-dhurah ad-deen ath-thawb at-tawheed
The The oil The The The The The
light number corn religion dress monotheis
m
‫ﻴ ُل‬‫اﻝﻠ‬ ‫ ْﻔ ُر‬‫اﻝظ‬ ‫ﻴن‬

ُ ‫اﻝط‬ ‫ﻴن‬  ‫اﻝ‬
َ ‫ﻀﺎﻝ‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫و‬
ْ ‫اﻝﺼ‬ ‫ﺸ ْﻤ ُس‬ ‫اﻝ‬ ‫ﻤﺎء‬
ُ ‫اﻝﺴ‬
al-layl adh-dhufr at-teen ad-daalleen as-sawt ash-shams as-samaa'
The The The The The The The
night nail clay misguided sound sun sky
Ayyaamu-l-‫ع‬
ِ‫ُﺴ ُﺒو‬
ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺎم‬
ُ ‫ﻴ‬َ‫أ‬
usboo3 /http://quranicarabic.wordpress.com/introduction
Days of the week
‫ﺎء‬  ‫اﻻﺜَْﻨ ْﻴ ِن‬

ُ َ‫اﻝﺜﻼﺜ‬ ‫َﺤ ُد‬
َ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ﺒ‬ْ ‫اﻝﺴ‬
ath-thulaathaa' al-ithnayn al-ahad as-sabt
Tuesday Monday Sunday Saturday
ِ
ُ‫اْﻝ ُﺠ ُﻤ َﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻴس‬
ُ ‫اْﻝ َﺨﻤ‬ ُ ِ‫اﻷ َْرﺒ‬
‫ﻌﺎء‬
al-jumu3ah al-khamees al-arbi3aa'
Friday Thursday Wednesday
A word with Hamzatu-l-wasl and Laam shamsiyyah
ِ ‫ﻨ‬‫َﻤﻠِ ِك اﻝ‬
‫ﺎس‬ ِ ‫ﻨ‬‫اﻝ‬
‫ﺎس‬ Standard Arabic
Qur'aan
〈 Ä¨$¨Ψ9$# Å7Ï=tΒ  〈 Ä¨$¨Ψ9$#  script
maliki-nnaas an-naas
reading a word starting with
before it Hamza wasl
The king of the The people meaning
people

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Reading and Writing

REVISION OF THE "STEP BY STEP" BOOK

‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬

‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬

‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬

‫ض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬

‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬

‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ف‬

‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬

2 Baa’ ‫ب‬ b b Back * ‫ـب‬ ‫ـﺒـ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬

16 Taa’ ‫ط‬ t t - * ‫ـطـ‬ ‫ـط ـ‬ ‫ط‬

‫كتب‬ ‫قلب‬ ‫بلغ قبض صبغ‬

‫تبت‬ ‫مسح‬ ‫عتب‬ ‫فتح‬ ‫تين‬

................. ................. ................. ................ ................

‫جبل‬ ‫ليث‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫لمم‬ ‫لثم‬

................. ................. ................. ................ ................

‫ﻜﺘب‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺸﻤس‬ ‫ﻋﺒس‬

‫ﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻠم‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘل‬

‫ﻨﻘص‬ ‫ﺤﻠل‬ ‫ﻗﺘل‬ ‫ﺸﻴن‬

‫كوب‬ ‫قلب‬ ‫صاب‬ ‫قبر‬ ‫بدر‬

............... ............. ................. ................ ................

‫توت‬ ‫متر‬ ‫عاب‬ ‫فتح‬ ‫تين‬

‫حدث‬ ‫ليث‬ ‫مدر‬ ‫جثم‬ ‫ثوم‬

................. ................. ................. ................ ................

‫ﻜوب‬ ‫ﺴﺘر‬ ‫ﺸرب‬ ‫ﻋﺒد‬

‫ﺤوت‬ ‫ﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﺜوب‬ ‫ﻨذر‬

‫ﻨﻘد‬ ‫ﺴﺄل‬ ‫ﻨزل‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬

The mark of Fat-hah ُ‫ف َ◌ﺘْ َﺤﺔ‬

‫وف َﻤ َﻊ اْﻝﻔَﺘْ َﺤ ِﺔ‬

‫َخ‬ ‫َح‬ ‫َج‬ ‫ث‬

The seats can be: ( ‫ ا ) أ‬، ( ‫ و ) ؤ‬، ( ‫ﺌـ‬ or ‫ى)ئ‬

There is a cardinal rule in the reading of Hamzah:

If there is a seat, ignore it.

The writing of Hamzah:

In our lessons, we will always follow the correct way of differentiating

Read, Copy and revise how to connect the letters

‫َح َس َد‬ ‫ظ َل َم‬

‫َﺤ َﺴ َد‬ ‫ظﻠَ َم‬

hasada dhalama ghasala kataba fataha

‫َﻋ َﻤ َل‬ ‫ب‬

3amala kasaba nasara fa3ala jama3a

‫َﻴَﺒ َس‬ ‫َﻨﻬَ َر‬ ‫ك‬

yabasa nahara nasaka ghafara qatala

‫ا(= آ‬+‫)ء‬ Standard

khaa haa jaa thaa taa baa 'aa

‫ﻗَﺎ‬ ‫ﻓَﺎ‬ ‫َﻏﺎ‬ ‫َﻋﺎ‬ ‫ظﺎ‬

‫َﻴﺎ‬ ‫َوا‬ ‫َﻫﺎ‬ ‫َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﻜﺎ‬

‫َخ‬ ‫َح‬ ‫َج‬ ‫ث‬

ٌ ‫َﻜﻠِﻤﺎت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓَﺘْ َﺤﺔٌ وأ‬

‫‪faataha‬‬ ‫‪fataha‬‬ ‫‪raafa3a‬‬ ‫‪rafa3a‬‬ ‫‪aamana‬‬ ‫‪amana‬‬

‫ﻗَﺎﺘَ َل‬ ‫ﻗَﺘَ َل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫اﻋ َم‬

‫‪You should be able to continue reading without help‬‬

‫‪www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com‬‬ ‫‪Page 14‬‬

as ‫( ي‬ee), We call it "Al-Alif-ul-Maqsoorah" (The shortened Alif)

How would I know it is an Alif not a Yaa’?

4- In The Qur’aan it has a small ‫ ا‬on the top of it 3“.

〈 4y›θãΒ  〈 4|¤ŠÏã  〈 4’n?tã  Qur'aan

Moosaa 3eesaa 3alaa

The mark of Kasrah ‫ﺴ َرة‬