•A particle moves under the influence of the potential V (x )=A / x 2 − B /x .

Find the frequency of

small oscillations around the equilibrium point.

•A particle moves under the influence of the potential V ( x )=(k /2) x 2+ mgx (that is, it is a mass
hanging from a spring). Find the frequency of small oscillations around the equilibrium point.

•A central force is defined to be a force that points radially, and whose magnitude depends on
only r. That is, ⃗
F =F( r) r^ . Show that a central force is a conservative force, by explicitly showing
that ∇ ⃗ ×⃗
F =⃗0 .

•Show that ⃗F =(2 x y+ z 2)î + x 2 ĵ + x yz kk, is a conservative force field. Find the scalar potential.
Find the work done in moving a unit mass in this field from the point (1, 0, 1) to (2, 1, −1).

•Find the angle between the surfaces x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 and z = x2 + y2 − 1 at the point (1, 1, −1).

•A mass M moves with speed V . An explosion divides the mass in half, giving each half a speed in
the center of mass frame. Calculate the increase in kinetic energy in the lab frame.

•Find the force required to stop a metal cylinder at distance 1.5 m. Its mass is 20 kg, and speed
2 m/s. (Derive the moment of inertia of a cylinder).

•Find the force required to stop a ball of radius 50 cm at distance 5 m. Its mass is 100 kg.

•Find the center of mass of this object with density 7853 kg /m3 . The cross sectional area of the
cylinder is 2 cm2 , R=5 cm and L=80 cm.

•Find the center of mass of a cone. Its height is h.

•A box of mass m sliding down a ramp of mass M. The ramp moves without friction on the
horizontal plane and is located by coordinate x 1 . The box also slides without friction on the ramp
and is located by coordinate x 2 with respect to the ramp. Find ẍ 1 and ẍ 2 . (Use the Lagrangian
Mechanics).

•Calculate the acceleration of free falling object. (Use the Lagrangian Mechanics).
•Two blocks are connected by a massles rope of length L that passes over a massles pulley. What is
the acceleration of the mass m1 ? Do the same, assuming that the pulley has a non-negligible mass
M. (Use the Lagrangian Mechanics in both cases).

•Use the Lagrangian Mechanics to find the angular frequency of the rolling wheel of mass M and
radius R attached to a spring. The spring constant k is given.

•Determine the Lagrange function and derive the equations of motion for such pendulum with
oscillating spring. l, k and m are given.

•Use the Lagrangian Mechanics to find the angular frequency of a simple pendulum. Its lenght l is
given. Assume that θ is very small.

•Consider a particle of mass m sliding off a fixed frictionless sphere of radius R. Use Lagrange’s
method to find the equation of motion ( θ̈ ).

•Derive Hamilton's equations for a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, and calculate

acceleration.

•Derive Hamilton's equations and calculate acceleration for particle with gravity.

•Derive Hamilton's equations and calculate acceleration for a mathematical pendulum. Its length l
and mass m are given.

•A particle of mass m moves in a horizontal plane. It is connected to the origin by a spring (k) and
relaxed length zero (so the potential energy kr 2 /2=k (x 2 + y 2)/2 ). Find the lagrangian and total
energy in terms of Cartesian coordinates, and then in terms of polar coordinates.
•Consider a pendulum made out of a spring with a mass m on the end. The spring is arranged to lie
in a straight line. The equilibrium lenght of the spring is l. Find Hamilton's equations of motion for
x and θ .

•A particle is thrown horizintally from the top of a building of height h with an initial velocity u.
Write down the Hamiltonian, show that H represents a constant of motion and calculate the total
energy knowing the lagrangian L.

•Describe the motion of a particle of mass m moving near the surface of the Earth under the Earth’s
constant gravitational field by Hamilton’s procedure.

•A light source is on the floor of the train and a mirror on the celling, which is at a height h above
the floor. Let observer A be on the train, and observer B be on the ground. The speed of the train
with respect to the ground is v. The light travels up to the mirror and then back down to the source.
Calculate the roundtrip time of a flash of light in A and B frame. Determine factor γ in t B=γ t A .

•Elementary particle called muons are created in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays collide
with air molecules. Assume for simplicity that a certain muon is created at a heigh of 50 km, moves
straight downward, has speed 0.9999 c, decays in exactly 2⋅10−6 s, and does not collide with
anything on the way down. Will the muon reach the earth before it decays?

•An object moves at speed v 1 with respect to frame S’. And frame S’ moves at speed v 2 with
respect to frame S (in the same direction as the motion of the object). What is the speed of the object
with respect to frame S? (Use the Lorentz transformation).

•Suppose a spaceship heading directly towards the Earth at 0.5 c sends a signal to us on a laser-
produced beam of light. Calculate the speed at which the light approaches the Earth.

•If two spaceships passes each other going 0.75 c but in the opposite direction, would their relative
speeds be greater than the speed of light?

•Show that the energy momentum relationship E2= p2 c 2+ m2 c 4 follows from E=γ m v 2 and
p=γ m v .

•Show that ( pc)2=K 2 +2 Kmc 2. .

•The radionuclide 32P decays to 32S according to 32P → 32S + e- + v . In a particular decay event, a
1.71 MeV electron (relativistic) is emitted, the maximum possible value. What is the kinetic energy
of the recoiling 32S atom in this event? Mass of 32S is 31.9721 u and mass of an electron is
0.0005 u.