Rev. cjc. 01.06.

2017
Page 1 of 5
Determination of the length
between pipe supports by Requirements Pipe yield strength Corrosion allowance Pipe dimensions Equatorial inertia moment
the method of the "Maximum Ref. 2a. Table A-1 TC = 0 mm The schedule is to be determined I= (p/64) *( de^4-di^4)
Bending Stress" [1] The ratio Lenght/deflection st = 25 ksi Thread depth de = 0.060 m
is defined with a minimum TD = 0 mm Schedule initially assumed di = 0.057 m
Data value of Pipe basic allowable stress at Mill tolerance Sch = 1.5 I= 1.20E-07 m4
Nominal pipe size (NPS) (L/y)min = 600 given temperature MT = 0 %
dn = 50 mm Ref. 2a. Table A-1 Exterior diameter (of SS pipe) Area of pipe section
Material: A 312 TP304L Maximum bending stress t= 160 ºF Note. dn = 50 mm A= (p/4) * di^2
Pipe pressure and temperature ratio sallow = 16.7 ksi The above values are not considered d = e Pipe_SS_Dext_dn di = 0.0573 m
P= 1 bar sb/sallow = 0.3 sallow = 115.1 MPa in the example of the reference [1]. de = 60.3 mm A= 0.0026 m²
t= 71 ºC sb : Maximum allowed de = 0.060 m
Pipe filled with water bending stress Maximum bending stress Water volume per meter pipe
sallow : Pipe allowed stress sb = sallow * 0.3 Interior diameter V= A*1
It will be considered the weight in tension according B31.3 sallow = 115.1 MPa dn = 50 mm A= 0.003 m²/m
of two men at the center of Table A-1 sb = 34.54 MPa di = Pipe_SS_Dint_dn_sch V= 0.003 m³/m
the pipe. sb = 3.5E+07 Pa Sch = 1.5
Concentrated weight The lenght is designed for the di = 57.3 mm
mc = 15 kg pipe working with the Steel elasticity module di = 0.057 m
wc = 147 N maximum allowed bending Sheet SS 316
Pipe insulation weigth stress sb. E= 2E+11 Pa www.piping-tools.net
wi = 0 N/m Pipes. Maximum span between pipe supports for a given maximum bending stress.xlsm

Pipe shedule is to be determined cjcruz@piping-tools.net

Page 2 of 5
Water load Concentrated weight Deflection Result
ww = rw * g * V wc = 147 N Deflection at ther center of a simple For
rw = 1200 kg/m³ supported beam with a uniform load Lselected = 2.8 m
V= 0.002579 m³/m Pipe length (eq. (h) w and a concentrated load "wc". there is a deflextion
ww = 30.3 N/m Lcalc = (-b + (b^2 - 4*a*c)^0.5 ) / (2*a) (from sheet equations) ycalc = 4.55 mm
w 2 wc σ b⋅I
16
⋅L +
8
⋅L-
d
=0 ( h) b= 18
4 3
Pipe load (steel) a= 3.26 5⋅w⋅L + 8⋅w c⋅L Requirement
y= (q)
wp = rp*g*(p/4)*(de^2-di^2) a= w/16 c= -69 384⋅E⋅I ycalc <= Lselected / 600
(from sheet SS 316) w= 52 N/m Lcalc = 2.567 m Lselected = 2.8 m
rp = 8000 kg/m³ a= 3.3 Let Deflection value for the Lselected / 600 = 0.0047 m
de = 0.060 m Lselected = 2.8 m selected length Lselected / 600 = 4.67 mm
di = 0.057 m b= wc /8 ycalc = (5*w*L^4 + 8*wc*L^3) / (384*E*I)
wp = 21.7 N/m wc = 147 N The selected length Lselected w= 52.1 N/m Check
b= 18 hast to meet two conditions: Lselected = 2.8 m ycalc = 4.55 mm
Insulation load (no insulation) 1. Lselected <= Lcalculated to meet wc = 147 Lselected / 600 = 4.67 mm
wi = 0 N/m c= -sb * I /de the condition for the maximum E= 2.00E+11 Pa thus
sb = 3.5E+07 Pa bending stress. I= 1.20E-07 m4 ycalc <= Lselected / 600
Total load I= 1.20E-07 2. ycalc <= Lselected / 600 to meet ycalc = 0.0045 m Correct
w= w w + wp + wi de = 0.0603 m the additional design condition. ycalc = 4.55 mm
ww = 30.3 N/m c= -68.6
wp = 21.7 N/m
wi = 0 N/m
w= 52 N/m

Page 3 of 5
Shedule Maximum bending stress Weld joint strenght reduction Design thickness
Material A 312 TP304L Material: A 312 TP316L factor W Ref. 2 ASME B31.3 ASME B31.3-2008
Nominal pipe size (NPS) Ref. 2a. Table A-1 Ref. 2c. Table 302,3,5 ASME B31.3 paragraph 304.1.2, Ec. (3a)
dn = 50 mm W= 1
ASME B31. 3-2008
Schedule, to be determined Yield strength Table A-1
P⋅d ext
Pressure in pipe syield = 25 ksi Coefficient Y t= (3a )
2⋅[ σ⋅E⋅W + P⋅Y ]
P= 1 bar Table 304.1.1
Temperature Allowed stress Table A-1 Ref. 2 ASME B31.3 t = P * dext / ( 2* (sallow * E*W + P* Y) )
t= 71 at the temperature Y= 0.4 P= 0.1 Mpa
sallow = 16.7 ksi dext = #VALUE! mm
Pipe thickness sallow = 115.1 MPa Check requirement sb = 34.54 Mpa
Equation 3a, ASME B312.3-2008 P / S*E <= 0.385 E= 1.0 -
t= P*D / ( 2*(S*E*W + P*Y) ) Maximum bending stress P= 0.1 Mpa W= 1.00 -
t: Pressure design thickness sb = 34.54 MPa S= 34.54 MPa Y= 0.4 - Microsoft Equation

P: Internal design gauge pressure E= 1 t= #VALUE! mm

3.0

D: Outside pipe diameter Quality factor "E" P / S*E = 0.002895

d: Inside pipe diameter Ref. 2b. Table A-1B Design thickness requirement
c: sum of mechanical, corrosion Seamless tube A 316L Eq. (3a) is applicable, since P/(S*E t= #VALUE! mm
and erosion allowances E= 1 dext = #VALUE! mm
S: Material stress value. Table A-1 dext/6 = #VALUE! mm
E: Quality factor from table A-1A or A-1B Exterior pipe diameter #VALUE!
W: Weld joint strength reduction factor per dn = 50 mm
para. 302.3.5€ and Table 302.3.5 de = #VALUE! mm
Y: Coefficient from Table 304.1.1, valid for t <D/6

For t>= D/6, Y = (d + 2*c) / ( D + d + 2*c )

Page 4 of 5

Presure design thickness (acc. Eq. 3a) For a SS pipe

tdis = #VALUE! mm dn = 50 mm For the given data, a span L = 2.8 m
Corrosion allowance TC = 0 mm sch = 1.5 will ensure that the maximum
Thread depth TD = 0 mm s= #VALUE! mm bending stress is less than sb = 34.5 Mpa
Over thickness OT = TC + TD It was considered sb = sallow * 0.3 L= 2.8 m
OT = 0 mm A schedule of 1.5 gives a thickness Additionally it holds that L/y>= 600 -
Required thickness treq = tdis + OT #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! The model used is a simple supported beam y= 0.0045 m
treq = #VALUE! mm #VALUE!
spipe = #VALUE! mm
Mill tolerance MT = 0 % Selecting the next schedule The selected shedule is sch = 80S
Minimum thickness tmin = treq * (100 /(100 - MT)) For a SS pipe srequired = #VALUE! mm
treq = #VALUE! mm dn = 50 mm
MT = 0.00 % sch = 80S
tmin = #VALUE! mm s= #VALUE! mm

A schedule of 80S gives a thickness

For more information on these correction factors, see #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
www.piping-tools.net #VALUE!
Pipes. Wall thickness calculation according ASME B31.3
Selected shedule 80S

g= 9.80665 m/s²

Page 5 of 5

ASME B31. 3-2008

P⋅d ext
t= (3a )
2⋅[ σ⋅E⋅W + P⋅Y ]

t= P * dext / ( 2* (sallow * E*W + P* Y) )

t = 9.2 mm
P= 0.1 MPa
de = 0.060 m
Sb = 34.53 MPa
E= 1
W= 1
y= 0.4
t= 0.000 m
t= 0.1 mm
The reference has a calculation mistake

SS pipe
dn Sch
in -
1/8 5S
1/4 10S
3/8 40S
1/2 80S
3/4
1
1 1/4
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30
[1]
 t=

Pipe seamless SS
Mater:
D: Outside diameter
dn =
de =

t=
P=
de =
sb =
E=
W
Y=
t=

Stainless steel
dn =
sch =
s=

Shedule to be selected: 80S

Note. This example is for a st

The reference uses for the se
of carbon steel pipes
Stainless steel
dn =
sch =
s=

Carbon steel
 dn =
sch =
s=

Sabin Crocker. Piping Handbo

McGraw Hill N.Y. Pg. 744-745

[4]The American Society of M

ASME B31.3 - 2000 Edition, P
 P * dext / ( 2* (sallow * E*W + P* Y) )

Pipe seamless SS
ASTM A 312 TP 316L
D: Outside diameter
300 NPS
#VALUE! mm

P * dext / ( 2* (sallow * E*W + P* Y) )

2 MPa
#VALUE! mm
34.53 MPa
1
1
0.4
#VALUE! mm

Stainless steel Stainless steel

300 mm dn = 300 mm
40S sch = 80S
#VALUE! mm s= #VALUE! mm

Shedule to be selected: 80S

Note. This example is for a stainless steel pipe.

The reference uses for the selection the dimensions
of carbon steel pipes
Stainless steel
300 mm dn = 300 mm
20S sch = 30S
#VALUE! mm s= #VALUE! mm

Carbon steel Carbon steel

 300 mm dn = 300 mm
20 sch = 30
#VALUE! mm s= #VALUE! mm

Sabin Crocker. Piping Handbook, 4th edition

McGraw Hill N.Y. Pg. 744-745

[4]The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1995)

ASME B31.3 - 2000 Edition, Process Piping, ASME, New York pp 182
Length of a beam to achieve that
the resulting beam stress has the Bending stress σ Replacing equation
defined maximum value M⋅c L2 L
σ= ( b) M=w⋅ + wc⋅
I 8 4
Assumed a simply supported case
M:moment N⋅m
into equation (e )
c: distance to the neutral axis m
Moments at the center of a simple
supported beam .[ 5 ], Figure 7
I: equatorial inercia moment m 4 L2
(
σ max = w⋅ + w c⋅
8
Concentrated load w c at center
Maximum bending stress where the maximum
M⋅c max the value correspond
L σ max = ( c)
M=wc⋅ I application, and will
4
Uniformly distributed load w In case of a pipe simply as the beam
L2 d
M=w⋅
8
Total moment
c max =
2
and replacing equation ( d ) into (c )
(d ) L2
σ b = w⋅ + wc⋅
8 (
L
4
L2
M=w⋅ + wc⋅
8 4
L
(a ) σ max =
M⋅(d /2 )
I
L2
(e ) σ b = w⋅ + wc⋅
16 (
L
8
Microsoft Equation Microsoft Equation
3.0 3.0

sallowed = (2/3) *sy

Beam stress σ b
Beam stress
For the stainless steel A 312 TP316L, Literature [1 ] recommends for the
ASME B31. 3-2006, Table A-1 gives acual application, following security
the relation between the allowable margin
stress σ allow (t <= 300 ºF ) to the yield 3
σ b = ⋅σ allow (o )
10
value σ y as replacing equation
2 2
σ allow= ⋅σ y (n )
σ allow= σ y (n ) 3
3
into equation (o )
3 2
σ b = ⋅ ⋅σ y
10 3
 replacing equation
2
σ allow= ⋅σ y (n )
3
into equation (o )
3 2
σ b = ⋅ ⋅σ y
Microsoft Equation
3.0
10 3
1
σ b = ⋅σ y ( p)
5

Deflection at the center of a simple

supported beam .[ 5 ], Figure 7 5⋅w⋅L 4 + 8⋅w c⋅L3
y= (q)
384⋅E⋅I
Concentrated load w c at center
wc⋅L3
y=
48⋅E⋅I
Uniformly distributed load w
5⋅w⋅L 4
y=
384⋅E⋅I
Total deflection
3
5⋅w⋅L4 w c⋅L
y= +
384⋅E⋅I 48⋅E⋅I
5⋅w⋅L
4 8⋅wc⋅L3
y= +
384⋅E⋅I 384⋅E⋅I
4 3
5⋅w⋅L +8⋅wc⋅L
y= (q )
384⋅E⋅I
Microsoft Equation
3.0
 Replacing equation from equation
Note that the length obtained fr
L2
M=w⋅ + wc⋅
8 4
L
(a ) (w
σ b = ⋅L2 +
16
wc
8
⋅L ⋅ ) d
I
( g) equation ( m) corresponds to th
σ b⋅I w 2 w c case when the system is assum
into equation (e ) = ⋅L + ⋅L
d 16 8 to be similar to a simply suppor

( L2
σ max = w⋅ + w c⋅ ⋅
8 )
L d /2
4 I
(f )
w 2 wc
16
⋅L +
8
⋅L- b =0
σ ⋅I
d
. a . .. . . .. . . .. . . . b. . . .. . . .. . . . c
(h) beam . A continuos pipe would
better represented by sections
where the maximum stress will have with corresponding to a beam fixed a
the value corresponding to the given a=
w
(i)
both ends.
application, and will be denoted 16
wc
simply as the beam stress σ b b=
8
( j)

( L2
)
L d /2 σ ⋅I
σ b = w⋅ + wc⋅ ⋅ c=− b (k )
d
8 4 I
equation ( h) becomes

σ =( w⋅ + w ⋅ )⋅
2
L L d a⋅L2 +b⋅L+c=0 (m) Microsoft Equation

(g )
3.0

b c
16 8 I
w 2 wc σ ⋅I
⋅L + ⋅L- b =0 ( h)
Microsoft Equation
3.0
16 8 d

In the following application the

ecommends for the
n, following security
value of the beam stress given
by equation (n) will be used.
This value is 20% of the yield stress
The in the standard indicated allowed
value is 67% of the yield stress.

(o ) 1
σ b = ⋅σ y ( p)
5
on
(n )
)
on
(n )
)

( p)

Microsoft Equation
3.0

y= P*L^3/(48*E*I)
3
w c⋅L
(q) y= (5/384)*(w*L^4)/(E*I)
 Page 1 of 3

at the length obtained from

n ( m) corresponds to the
en the system is assumed
milar to a simply supported
A continuos pipe would be
epresented by sections
onding to a beam fixed at
ds.

Microsoft Equation
3.0

Page 2 of 3
Page 3 of 3
Ferritic Steel
A term usually applied to a group of stainless steels with a chromium content in the range of 12- 18o and
whose structure consists largely of ferrite.
Such steels possess good ductility and are easily worked but do not respond to any hardening or tempering process
Types of applications include automotive trim and architectural cladding.

Austenitic Steels
Steels containing high percentages of certain alloying elements such as manganese and nickel which are austenitic
and cannot be hardened by normal heat-treatment but do work harden. They are also non-magnetic.
Typical examples of austenitic steels include the 18/8 stainless steels and 14% manganese steel.

Martensitic Stainless Steels

(400 SERIES WHICH HAVE HIGH CARBON). These grades of stainless have chromium in the range of 11% to 17% as t
This is the same as the ferritic grades. However, carbon is added in amounts from 0.10 % to 0.65% to radically chan
The high carbon enables the material to be hardened by heat treatment.
ASME B31.3-2008
Process Piping
ASME Code for Oressure Piping, B31

ASME B31. 3-2008

P⋅d ext
t= (3a )
2⋅[ σ⋅E⋅W + P⋅Y ]

t= P*D / ( 2*(S*E*W + P*Y) ) Microsoft Equation

3.0

t: Pressure design thickness

P: Internal design gauge pressure
D: Outside pipe diameter
d: Inside pipe diameter
c: sum of mechanical, corrosion and erosion allowances
S: Material stress value. Table A-1
E: Quality facto from table A-1A or A-1B
W: Weld joint strength reduction factor per
para. 302.3.5€
Y: Coefficient from Table 604.1.1, valid for t <D/6
and for materials shown.
For t>= D/6, Y = (d + 2*c) / ( D + d + 2*c )

Coefficient Y
Table 304.1.1
Ref. 2 ASME B31.3
 Y= 0.4

Equation 3a, ASME B312.3-2008

(b) Equations (3a) and (3b) are not valid for

t >= d/6 or
P / S*E > 0.385

ange of 12- 18o and "Y" values for ferritic steels (t < D/6)
Table 304.1.1, ASME B31.1-2008, page 20.
ardening or tempering processes. Y<482 °C = 0.4
Y482 to 510 °C = 0.5
Y > 510 °C = 0.7

nd nickel which are austenitic at room temperature

o non-magnetic.
anese steel.

n the range of 11% to 17% as the sole major alloying addition.

10 % to 0.65% to radically change the behavior of the martensitic alloys.
st
 sallow sy st
st sy sallow syield
Spec Grade ksi
A 312 TP316L 25

at tmin to 100 ºF
sallowed = (2/3) *syield

t
Spec Grade ºF
A 312 TP316L < 100
< 200

sallowed = 16.7
sallowed = 16,700
sallowed = 115.1
st

sallowed
ksi
16.7
16.7

ksi
psi
MPa
Quality factor

E= 1
Weld joint strenght reduction factor W

Weld joint strenght reduction factor W

W= 1
http://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=863

https://www.google.com/fusiontables/DataSource?docid=1wvrlddD8tQHoDc7feP9pqJ2AwImBdcPJpEqV4ic
Density of stainless steel
kg/m³

SS 316
r= 8000 kg/m³
 Elasticity modulus
Emin = 190 Gpa
Emax = 205 Gpa

Selected value
2AwImBdcPJpEqV4ic E= 200 Gpa
E= 2E+11 Pa
http://www.advancepipeliner.com/Resources/Others/Beams/Beam_Deflection_Formulae.pdf
http://www-classes.usc.edu/engr/ce/457/moment_table.pdf

http://www.awc.org/pdf/codes-standards/publications/design-aids/AWC-DA6-BeamFormulas-0710.pdf
 Beam simply supported at ends
Maximum deflection at beam center

a ) Uniformly distributed load w

4
5⋅w⋅L
y=
384⋅E⋅I
b ) Concentrated load P at the center
8⋅P⋅L3
y=
384⋅E⋅I
c ) Both cases, a and b
5⋅w⋅L4 +8⋅P⋅L3
y=
384⋅E⋅I

Beam fixed at both ends

Maximum deflection at beam center

a ) Uniformly distributed load w

4
w⋅L
y=
 Maximum deflection at beam center

a ) Uniformly distributed load w

4
w⋅L
y=
384⋅E⋅I
b ) Concentrated load P at the center
16⋅P⋅L3
y=
384⋅E⋅I
c ) Both cases, a and b
w⋅L 4 +16⋅P⋅L3
y= Microsoft Equation

384⋅E⋅I 3.0

rmulas-0710.pdf

Simple beam. - Uniformly distributed load

Maximum moment
M= w * l^2 / 8
y= (5/384)*(w*L^4)/(E*I)

Simple beam. - Concentrated load at the center

Maximum moment
M= P*l/4
 M= w * l^2 / 8
M= P*l/4

y= P*L^3/(48*E*I)
nter

nter

Microsoft Equation
3.0

Microsoft Equation
3.0
ad at the center
[1] Determination of maximum span between pipe supports using maximum bending stress theory
Dr. D.P. Vakharia, Mohd Farroq A.

http://ijrte.academypublisher.com/vol01/no06/ijrte0106046049.pdf

[2] ASME B31.3-2008

Process Piping
ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31

[3] Sabin Crocker. Piping Handbook, 4th edition

McGraw Hill N.Y. Pg. 744-745

[4] The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1995)

ASME B31.3 - 2000 Edition, Process Piping, ASME, New York pp 182

[5]

http://www.awc.org/pdf/codes-standards/publications/design-aids/AWC-DA6-BeamFormulas-0710.pdf
 Microsoft Equation Microsoft Equation
3.0 3.0

Microsoft Equation
3.0

Formulas-0710.pdf
Microsoft Equation
3.0