Classifications of aerospace engines 1

Classifications

1. Classifications of
aerospace engines
 Classifications of aerospace engines 2
Classifications
Aerospace engines are classified into two broad categories, namely, air-
breathing or non-air-breathing engines
 Classificatios of aerospace engines 3
Classifications

http://www.icym.edu.my/v13/about-us/our-news/general/511-histroy-of-jet-engines.html

Piston engines employed water-cooled, then

they were replaced by the liquid-cooled ones,
leading to a substantial savings in weight (30-
40%).
 Classifications of aerospace engines 4
Classifications

Non-air-breathing engines are the rocket

engines where in the propulsive gas
originates onboard the vehicle.

A jet propulsion is a device that

produces thrust by ejecting stored
matter, called the propellant

https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/06/24/ariane-6-rockets-to-be-assembled-horizontally/
 Classifications of aerospace engines 5
1.4 Classification of jet engines jet
Jet engines are subdivided into:

Scramjets Ramjets Gas turbines

http://forumias.com/portal/mains-2016-
scramjet-engine/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1D
G4f2umclk

Turbo-rocket engines
Pulse-jets
Turbo-ram

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2855802/Is-proof-mysterious-bangs-heard-sides-Atlantic-caused-
secret-jet-Footage-hypersonic-engine-action-reveals-sounds-identical-unexplained-noises.html
 Classifications of aerospace engines 6
Classifications

Ramjet
 Classifications of aerospace engines 7
Ramjet

a) It is an athodyd or Aero-
Thermodynamic-duct

b) It is composed o f three
elements: Inlet, combustion
zone and nozzle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DG4f2umclk
c) There are no rotating elements, and
neither a compressor nor a turbine!!!!
 Classifications of aerospace engines
Ramjet
 Classifications of aerospace engines 9
Classifications

Pulsejet
 Classifications of aerospace engines 10
Pulsejet

Pulse Jet engine (or pulsejet) is a very

simple form of internal combustion
engine.

It is similar to a ramjet, except that a series of

spring-loaded shutter-type valves (one-way
valves) in the combustion section.
 Classifications of aerospace engines
Pulsejet
 Classifications of aerospace engines 12
Classifications

Scramjet
 Classifications of aerospace engines 13
Scramjet

Scramjet is an acronym for

Supersonic Combustion Ramjet.

Projections for the top speed

of a scramjet vary between
Mach 12 and Mach 24 (orbital
velocity).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUf9xrn6SeM
 Classifications of aerospace engines 14
Classifications

Turboramjet
 Classifications of aerospace engines 15
Turboramjet

It combines the turbojet engine for speeds

up to Mach 3 with the ramjet engine

The engine is surrounded by a duct At the rear, there is an afterburning

that has a variable intake at the front jet pipe with a variable nozzle
 Classifications of aerospace engines
Turboramjet

SR-71 BlackBird
 Classifications of aerospace engines 17
Classifications

Turborocket
 Classifications of aerospace engines 18
Turborocket

Since the gas temperature will be of the order

of 3500°C. additional fuel is sprayed into the
combustion chamber for cooling purposes
before the gas enters the turbine.

Tomado de: The jet engine. Rolls Royce 2001

This fuel-rich mixture (gas)

makes a higher fuel
consumption engine
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 19
Classifications

2. Classifications of
gas turbine engines
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 20
Classifications
Gas turbine engines are the power plants for all the flying aircraft/helicopters and sources for
power such as automotive, tanks, marine vessels, and electric power generation.
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 21
Turbojet

Turbojet
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 22
Turbojet
Turbo jet engines have higher thrust per unit
weight ratio than the piston-driven engines

Tomado de: The jet engine. Rolls Royce 2001

Lower maintenance costs Longer ranges Higher payload

 Classifications of gas turbine engines 23
Turbojet one single spool centrifugal compressor type

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-technical-difference-between-two-spool-and-three-spool-turbofan-engine

W1 engine 1940. Frank Whittle

https://www.mech.kuleuven.be/en/tme/thermotechnisch-instituut/machines/Whittle-jet-engine
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 24
Turboprop

Turboprop
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 25
Turboprop

To improve upon thrust, it is

necessary either increase the
velocity or the mass of air.

https://akmnazrul.wordpress.com/tag/turboprop/#jp-carousel-579

Turboprop increases mass of air by making a large

quantum of air to pass through.

https://akmnazrul.wordpress.com/tag/turboprop/#jp-carousel-579
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 26
Turboprop differences with a turbojet

The design of a turboprop is optimized to

produce rotating shaft power to drive a
propeller, instead of thrust from the exhaust
gas

https://jamesprovost.com/portfolio/turboprop-engine-
cutaway
 Classifications of gas turbine engines
Turboprop
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 28
Turboprop

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/433049320
401037779/

Turboprops are more efficient at lower speeds since

the prop can move much more air with a smaller
turbine than the fan on a turbofan engine.
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 29
Turboshaft

Turboshaft
 Classifications of gas turbine engines 30
Turboshaft

The Gear box of a turboshaft

is part of the vehicle (the
helicopter )

For the turboprop engines,

the gear box is part of the
engine

Virtually, the
http://www.conceptsnrec.com/blog/optimization-of-cycle-parameters-fuel-consumption-and-weight-of-a-turboshaft-engine-using-1d-design-tools
turboshaft have a free
turbine