THE PHILIPPINES

INDIGENOUS
COMMUNITIES IN
VISAYAS REGION
GROUP 3
 INTRODUCTION
The Visayas or the Visayan Islands, Kabisay-an,
locally in Filipino: Kabisayaan are one of the three
principal geographical divisions of the Philippines,
along with Luzon and Mindanao. Located in the
central part of the archipelago, it consists of several
islands, primarily surrounding the Visayan Sea,
although the Visayas are also considered the northeast
extremity of the entire Sulu Sea. Its inhabitants are
predominantly the Visayan peoples.
 THREE REGION OF VISAYAS
• WESTERN VISAYAS(REGION VI)
• CENTRAL VISAYAS(REGION VII)
• EASTERN VISAYAS (REGION VIII)
WESTERN VISAYAS
Aklanon" is a Spanish word for
the people of what is now Aklan
province in Panay; the people
had thought the Spaniards were
asking the name of the local
river, which was actually
"Akean." The entire island was
supposedly purchased from the
local Aetas (the Ati group still
live there) by 10 datus from
Borneo who brought with them
a syllabic script.
CULTURE OF AKLANON
PIÑA WEAVER
Aklan is known as the top procedure of
piña fabric in the Philippines. This sheer,
delicate cloth typically used to make
Barong Tagalog. The country’s national
costume is the product of a long,
painstaking and intricate process of
weaving fiber from pineapple leaves
 TRADITION OF AKLANON
They are known by their
Devotion to the Santo Niño or
Child Jesus. Aklanon’s also
practice processions during
religious holiday such as the
Salubong. Most Aklanon’s engage
in agriculture while those in the
coastal areas engage in fishing.
They also make handicrafts.
 BELIEF AND PRACTICES OF AKLANON

The early Aklanon believed in many gods. Bulalakaw

who lived in a mountain called Madya-as. A chief goddess
was called Laon. After whom Mt. kanlaon is named.
There were mediators to the gods, also said to be the
first priests: Bangutbuwan is named, who prayed for
good harvest;Mangindalon, who prayed for sick
person;and soliran, who performed the marriage
ceremonies.. Manunubo was the good sprit of the sea.
 Although the majority of the Aklanon population is
now Christian, belief in the power of babaylan has not
completely disappeared. In pre Christian times, the
babaylan played an important Political, Social ,
Religious and Cultural role. They advised the datu, and
were the spiritual and physical healers of the
community. Reverence of patron saints has not
completely replaced the beliefs of Engkanto ( super
natural beings) pilhi are evil spirits, and the Aswang
(witches).
 In pre- Spanish times, a significant religious
ceremony was held every seven years to
pray for the “ Strengthening of the
universe”. The people of Irong –irong.
Hamtik, and aklan convered near a spring
whose water flowed bacak to the mountains,
and made sacrifices and offerings for seven
day.
 AKLANON FESTIVALS
• ATI –ATIHAN FESTIVAL ( 3rd Sunday January)-Kalibo

NABAS BARIW FESTIVAL (May 12-15)

• BUGNA FESTIVAL (May 16) – Tangalan

• KALI-UGYON FESTIVAL ( December 31- January 01)

 AKLANON CLOTHING
PINYA VILLAGE

Aklan is known as the top

producer of Pinya fabric in the
Philippines. This sheers,
delicate cloth typically used to
make Barong Tagalog. The
country’s national costume is
the product of a long.
Painstaking and intricate
process of weaving fiber from
pineapple leaves.
 FOOD OF AKLANON
“Aklan is known for it’s fresh seafood”

GINATAANG SUSO FISH KINILAW

 LIVELIHOOD
Farming is the basic livelihood in the
interior while fishing is the basic
livelihood in the coasts.
LANGUAGE OF AKLANON
ENGLISH AKLANON
Animal Sapat
Fish Isda
Bird Pispis
Dog Ayam
Louse Kuto
Snake Sawa
Worm Ueod
BORACAY
TOURIST SPOTS IN AKLAN ARIEL’S POINT

NABAS WIND FARM

The total population of
Aklan as of May 1,
2020, reached 615, 475
based on the results of
the 2020 Census

https://aklan.gov.ph/profile/population/
 HISTORY
According to the folk history
gathered by Pedro Monteclaro on
Maragtas, there are Ten Bornean
Datus' who settled somewhere in San
Joaquin, Iloilo in 1231.

They bought the Island (Panay)

from the Aetas (the natives) and
cultivated the land. They renamed
the island to "Madya-as". Madya-as
was divided into three communities:
Hamtik (Antique), Iron-irong (Iloilo)
and Akean (Aklan and Capiz).
 LANGUAGE
• The Capiznon people belong to a larger group called Visayan, and the Capiznon language is a
sub classification of the Visayan language. It is closely related to Hiligaynon, 91% of which
Capiznon speakers comprehend.
CAPIZNON HILIGAYNON ENGLISH
Yanda Subong Today/Now
Ini/mini/muni Ini/amo ini/amo ni This
Ina/mina/muna Ina/amo ina That
Patawa Kadlaw Laugh
Palataw-an Kadlawan Funny
Malukong Yahong Bowl
Ti-aw/dinaskal Lango-lango Joke
 DIALECT
•Capiznon possessive pronouns are formed
by the addition of a t-prefix to the
Hiligaynon, Kinaray-a, and Aklanon
pronouns, thus: t-akon (I), t-aton (We-
inclusive), t-amon (we-exclusive), t-imo
(you), t-inyo (you plural), t-iya (he/she),
and t-ila (they).
 ECONOMY
The main products of the province are rice, sugarcane, and coconuts. The Nipa palm. Thrives
best along the coast, and the making of Nipa shingles for roofing is a lucrative occupation,
together with the fishing industry. The Buri Palm fiber called Saguran is made into hats, slippers,
mats, household adornments, and sail. Other cottage industries are basket making, mosquito nets,
rope, abaca weaving, shell craft, and abaca slippers.
 BELIEF
The early Panayanon believed in many gods. Bululakaw, a
bird which looked like a peacock and could cause illness,
was said to live in the island's sacred mountain called Madya-
as. Catholicism and reverence for patron saints have not
completely replaced the belief in the Engkanto (supernatural
beings), which reside in places called Mariit, e.g.,
cliffs, bamboo groves, boulders, and earth mounds. They either
prey on people or, at the very least, play tricks on them.
The Engkanto are also believed to be fairies that appear
beautiful to mortals. Belief in the power of the babaylan has
not completely disappeared either, although their number has
dwindled. In pre-Christian times, the babaylan played an
important political, social, religious, and cultural role. They
were advisers to the datu, and the spiritual and physical healers
of the community. They officiated in ceremonies that marked
the life cycle of each villager.
 ARCHITECTURE AND COMMUNITY PLANNING

The traditional house of the

Capiznon is made of bamboo
and Nipa or cogon leaves. It is
square, with one to two rooms.
The roof, palaya (pyramid
shaped) or Binalay (hip
shaped), is made of either
cogon or Nipa leaves.
 VISUAL ARTS AND CRAFTS
The traditional weaving
method of piña (pineapple
fiber) is called Pili or
Sinuksuk, This is a floating
weft technique accomplished
after cloth weaving, an
intricate process for
embellishing piña fabric before
it is cut and sewn into a gown.
 FOOD
Capiz is a province in the Western Visayas region
known as the Seafood Capital of the Philippines
 LIVELIHOOD

Primary form of
livelihood is agriculture,
especially rice production
which is supplemented
with vegetables and other
crops
POPULATION
The population of Capiz grew from
119,948 in 1903 to 804,952 in 2020, an
increase of 685,004 people over the
course of 117 years. The latest census
figures in 2020 denote a positive
growth rate of 1.18%, or an increase of
43,568 people, from the previous
population of 761,384 in 2015.
https://www.philatlas.com/visayas
 CALUYANON TRIBE
Found on the Caluya Islands of
Antique Province in the Western
Visayas, the Caluyanon's are
among the smallest ethnic groups
in Visayas. With around 30,000
natives, their language is
Caluyanon but many of the
natives speak Hiligaynon as their
second language.
 LANGUAGE OF CALUYNON

Caluyanon (also spelled Caluyanun) is a

dialect of the kinaray-a language and
spoken in the Caluya Islands, Antique in
the Philippines. Most of its speakers use
Hiligaynon as their second language.
Hiligaynon is the everyday language of
Antiqueños although they are also fluent
in Tagalog. English and some other
Visayan language. According to a recent
survey, around 30,000 people speak
Caluyanon.
Sample text (Lord's Prayer)
Amun Tatay nga sa langit, Kabay pa nga taodon kaw ang mga tao, Kabay pa nga
magari kaw ron digi kanamun, Kag kon paiwan nga imong kabubutun ginatoman
doto sa langit; Kabay pa nga tomanun ra digi sa kalibotan. Tawi kami amun
kinanglan nga pagkaun sa adlaw nga dia, Patawada kami sa amun mga sala, Ay
ginpatawad namun ra ang nagkasala kanamun. Indi mo kami pagipadaug sa mga
pagsolay, Kondi lowasa kami kay satanas.

After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed
be thy name. Thy kingdom come.
Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily
bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into
temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power,
and the glory, for ever. Amen
 CULTURE OF CALUYANON
Caluya Island is famous for its white and pinkish beaches, different kinds of
edible seaweeds and coconut crabs, and a very exotic marine life.
POPULATION

According to a recent survey, around

30,000 people speak Caluyanon.
Caluya Island is famous for it’s
White and Pinkish beaches, different
kinds of edible seaweeds and
coconut crabs, and a very exotic
marine life.

Population: 116,434,200 (2023 est.)

http://www.ethicgroupsphilippines.com/ethic-groups-in-the-
philippines/caluyanon
SULOD TRIBE

Sulod is the term used for a Philippine

Ethnolinguistic group inhabiting the
slopes of the mountains along the banks
of the Panay River between Mt. Saya and
Mt. Baloy in central Panay Island. They
can also be found in Tapaz in Capiz,
Lambuano in Iloilo, and Valderrama in
Antique. They are known mainly for their
unique Binukot tradition, as well as their
popular Binanog dance and the epic
poem Hinilawod.
 LANGUAGESOF SULOD

Sudlonon, Hiligaynon, Kinaray-a, Aklanon,

Filipino, English

RELETED
ETHNOLINGUISTIC
GROUP
RELIGION
Visayas and other
Traditional religion Filipino peoples,
and Folk Christianity
other Austronesian
(Roman Catholic)
people.
(SETTLEMENT PATTERN AND HOUSING )
PURO
Another distinctive Sulod
practice is shifting cultivation,
that is, they rarely stay in one
place for more than two years.
While they are in a particular
site, they grow upland rice and
other crops for their daily needs.
 During their stay in their Kaingin site, they live in clusters
of settlements called Puro. A puro is normally located on top
of a high ridge, with houses typically constructed as four-
walled, one-room dwellings, about three meters in height,
and supported with bamboo or timber posts. They are usually
located beside a river so that inhabitants can have easy
access to water and riverine foods. At the same time, they
can guard their kaingin site from wild animals. Additionally,
a hut called Urub can be found in front of the house used for
emergency purposes, such as during a storm
PARANGKUTON
Each puro is composed of five to seven
houses and is headed by the eldest man called
parangkuton ("counselor"), with his title literally
translating to "one to be asked." The
parangkuton is the main person in charge of
officiating over activities such as hunting, house
building, and moving to a new kaingin site.
Moreover, he is in charge of resolving disputes,
as well as overseeing annual social and religious
events. Each parangkuton is assisted by a young
man called timbang ("helper" or "assistant").
When the parangkuton dies, a transfer of
leadership happens and the remaining oldest
man in the puro inherits the title.
TRADITION OF SULOD

The most unique and

notable Sulod tradition is the
practice of keeping binukot.
The binukot are selected
among the beautiful young
women of the tribe and are
hidden away in closed rooms,
away from the eyes of men.
 During the time they are kept, they become the record keepers of
their people, working to memorize many Visayan epics such as the
famous tale of Hinilawod, as well as the stories of Humadapnon,
Suguidanon, and Labaw Donggon.
The Binukot are equivalent to princesses, and so these women
are treated with the care and attention befitting their stature in the
community.
When they are of the right age, they are auctioned for
marriage..
 SULOD’S WAY OF LIFE AND( DEATH AND
BURIAL)
Sulod ethno religion shapes their way of life. They act according to the wishes of
the spirits and deities, with whom their Baylan communicates during their religious
rites, especially during their 16 major annual ceremonies, which are specifically to
celebrate their principal spirit Diwata. On normal days, the baylan mainly
communicate with preeminent spirits during séances and interpret dreams and
omens for their community.On important occasions, Sulod women don headdresses
of cloth lined with silver coins, as well as beaded necklaces. By contrast, men sport
ordinary buri hats as headwear, with elders opting for G-strings. They then perform
their binanog dance, accompanied by an Agung ensemble, with the dance
mimicking the flight of the Philippine eagle. Their performances also include
traditional songs, dances, and epies, highlighted by bamboo musical instruments.
Another art form that Sulod's take pride in is their detailed embroidery called
Panubok, which they showcase during their Tinubkan fashion show in Iloilo City.
 One important Sulod tradition is their Balasan or "wake of the dead."
This is when a loved one has died and everyone in the community chips
in with material things to condole with the bereaved family.

Interestingly, a Sulod of important stature, such as a baylan or

parangkuton, is not buried in the ground, unlike an ordinary
Sulod.Instead, a special coffin is made for them, which is then placed in a
shed made of cogon grass called Kantang on top of a solitary hill. Then,
after two or three months, the bones are removed, washed, and wrapped
in a black cloth, to be suspended under the eaves of the house. It is
believed that the Sulods' death or manners of dying were pre-determined
by the three brothers Manggangi Manlaegas, and Patag'aes, as stated in
their mythology.
 CULTURAL PRACTICES OF SULUDNON TRIBE

binukot tradition, and distinct art forms like the binanog dance
and panubok embroidery. The Suludnon people have unique traditional
practices, such as the Cultural preservation is a challenge for the Suludnon
people, but local governments are providing support to preserve their rich
cultural heritage.
https://sinaunangpanahon.com/suludanon-language-of-the-philippines
 LIVELIHOOD

SWIDDEN CULTIVATION ROOT CROPS

OF UPLAND RICE
CORN
KINARAY-A TRIBE
Kinaray- a people are part of the
wider Visayan Ethnolinguistic
group which the largest
Ethnolinguistic group.

The name "Kinaray-a" refers to

both the ethnic group and their
language that are concentrated in
the provinces of Antique and Iloilo.
It is derived from the word Iraya
meaning "upstream" and known as
"the language of the Sacada and the
muchacho".
LOCATION

The province of Antique located in

the Western Visayas Region is
home to the Kinaray-a or Karay-a
people. It is one of the five
provinces comprising Region VI.
Antique is bounded by the rugged
central mountains of Panay, as well
as the provinces of Capiz on the
east, Aklan in the northeast, Iloilo
in the southeast, and finally, the
Sulu Sea on the west.
TRADITIONAL CLOTHING OF KINARAY-A

HABEL
SOURCE OF INCOME: FARMING AND FISHING
 FOOD
PINAMALHAN NGA ISDA HINANGGUP
LANGUAGE OF
KINARAY-A
POPULATION
The Karay-a number 363,000 in 2021 .They
were first believed to be the descendants of
immigrants from Borneo, through the epic-
myth of the "Ten Bornean Datus". Recent
findings, however, revealed that the ancestors
of the Karay-a are the Austronesian-speaking
immigrants who came from South
China during the Iron Age.

https://en.Wikipedia.or/wiki/Karay-apeople
 Hiligaynon is the fourth largest language of the Philippines,
representing approximately 10% of the national population. Its seven
million speakers are located throughout Negros Occidental, southeastern
Panay, Guimaras Island, and in urban centers of Mindanao (Davao and
Zamboanga) and of Palawan (Puerto Princesa). It is a major trade
language of the Western Visayan region (e.g., Antique and Aklan).
Hiligaynon, often referred to as Ilonggo, is an Austronesian language
spoken in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines.
Long before the 1600's, the fertility of the Western Visayas region in
the Philippines permitted the Hiligaynon people to develop one of the
archipelago's most advanced societies. They engaged in international
trade (as evidence by large finds of Chinese porcelain) and created fine
work in gold and semiprecious stones.
 HILIGAYNON WAY OF LIVE
Geographically and culturally, the heartland of the Hiligaynon area lies along
both sides of the broken straits separating Panay and Negros. The coastal cities of
Iloilo, on the former, and Bacolod, on the latter, serve as economic and
administrative centers for the region. Most Hiligaynon however, live in small rural
barrios where the main economic activity is farming or, occasionally, fishing
The major crops are rice, com
(maize), sugarcane, and coconuts.
 FOOD

LASWA KANSI
BANGUS INASAL CHICKEN BINAKOL LA PAZ BATCHOY
LIVING CONDITION OF HILIGAYNON TRIBES
Houses are raised 9 to 13 feet (3 to 4 meters) off
the ground; walls are of plaited (braided) bamboo,
and roofs are of Nipa or coconut palm leaves or
cogon grass. Sulay, bamboo, or timber props are
placed against all sides of a house to keep it from
being blown away by typhoons. The room for
receiving guests is separated from the rest of the
house by a wall; a sofa and two side chairs occupy
the space immediately inside the front door. Small
children of both sexes sleep together, but once they
are older, boys sleep near the door and girls sleep in
a bedroom at the back. Animals are kept under the
house, and rice is stored there (if not in a separate
granary structure). The house lot is enclosed with a
bamboo fence or a hedge of ornamental plants; fruit
tree groves and gardens are nearby.
 EATING PATTERN OF HILIGAYNON TRIBES

The eating pattern is either three meals a day or two meals (at
10:00-11:00 AM and 4:00- 5:00 PM). Between-meal snacks consist of
rice cakes, boiled roots, or bananas. Family members eat at their own
convenience but are encouraged to eat together. Ordinarily, people eat
with their hands while sitting on the floor, silverware and tables are
reserved for the use of guests. Men do not eat breakfast unless, as a
gesture of hospitality, they are joining visitors who are being served
breakfast. Around 6:00 PM, men gather for tuba (palm wine) drinking
sessions in the tree groves between houses (some women may also join
them).
 TRADITIONAL CLOTHING

On formal occasions, however, they

For fieldwork, men wear worn-
wear long pants, shirts, and shoes
out short pants and often go (otherwise they go barefoot).
shirtless.
Married women wear either a bestida
(dress) or a patadyong (tube skirt) with
a blouse. Traditional weaving is nearly
extinct, but was a thriving industry
before the nineteenth-century import of
For pangalap (magical protection), many older men
wear tattoos (a crucifix, initials, or female figures).
At the time of the Spanish arrival, all the people
living in the Visayan region wore elaborate tattoos,
earning them the name Pintados, "the painted ones,"
 EDUCATION
Almost all Hiligaynon are literate (can read and write). Most children attend
elementary school, which is free, for six years. High school provide four more years
of education. Only about 70 percent go on to high school, because not all families
can afford to pay the required fees. Attending high school may involve travel to a
school some distance away.
EXPERIENCING CULTURE OF ILONGGO
The islands of Western Visayas are home to some of the sweets and most
cheerful people in the Philippines, an undeniable observation once you've gotten
to know the Ilonggos. For one thing, they reside in the sugar capitol of the
country, with tourists and locals carrying boxes of Piaya and Biscocho upon
leaving the islands to share with their loved ones in other parts of the country. The
Ilonggos are also a friendly and caring people, and their bright and welcoming
smiles can make anyone feel right at home.
 Citizens of Iloilo and Bacolod love good company, good ambiance,
and a good meal. For this reason, their get-togethers usually last for
hours, with dinners sometimes extending until past midnight. They
love to catch up with old friends and keep themselves updated, which
is easy when everyone knows everyone else. Like their food, the
Spanish influence is still strong in their way of life. They enjoy naps in
the afternoon called siestas, and are prayerful, and family oriented.
LANGUAGE OF HILIGAYNONN
Hiligaynon is a member of the Visayan branch of the Central
Philippine language family. In 2010 there were about 9.3 million native
speakers of Hiligaynon, and a further 5 million people spoke it as a
second language. Hiligaynon is spoken mainly in Iloilo province on
Panay Island in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines.
 Hiligaynon is closely related to and mutually intelligible with
other languages spoken on Panay Island: Capiznon, Aklanon, and
Kinaray-a.
HILIGAYNON ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION
 BELIEF OF HILIGAYNON
Violating norms(such as insulting spiritual mediums) will earn Gaba, supernatural
punishment. Those who humiliate others will suffer the same amount of humanities
in turn,called ulin.

SPORTS
BAMBOO GUN TUMBANG PATIS
 CRAFFS AND HOBBIES
Hiligaynon practices weaving baskets, place mats, and textiles.

WEAVING BASKET PLACE MATS TEXTILES

ATI TRIBE

The Ati are a Negrito ethnic group

in the Visayas, the central portion of
the Philippine archipelago.
Categorized as "Negritos" (meaning
black) by the Spanish colonizers,
Ati people are the original people of
Panay Island, an island located in
the central part of the Philippines.
 LOCATION

They live on Panay Island, which is

located in the Visayas (Islands of
Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Leyte,
Samar, Panay, Masbate, Negros and
Guimaras), the central portion of
the Philippine archipelago.
CHARACTERISTICS

They describe Ati as dark

skinned people, small in frame,
standing between four to five
feet tall, with flat noses, curly
and kinky textured hair.
HISTORY
In the Philippines the Aetas or Ati
ancestors were the 'aboriginals' or the
'first' inhabitants of this Archipelago.
They most probably arrived from Borneo
20-30,000 years ago, through what is
thought to be an isthmus (remnants of
which today comprise the island of
Palawan) that in the prehistorie epoch
connected the Philippine archipelago to
Borneo via a land bridge. According to
some oral traditions, they also predate
the Bisaya, who now inhabit most of the
Visayas.
 BELIEF ,CULTURAL AND TRADITION OF ATI

The Ati practice a form of animism that involves good and evil spirits. These spirits
are nature spirits that often guard rivers, the sea, the sky, as well as the mountains.
Sometimes, they may cause disease or comfort. The Ati from Negros refer to them
as taglugar or tagapuyo, which literally means "inhabiting a place." Christianity has
also been adopted due to less isolation and more contact with "outsiders".

The Ati believe in God, Spirits and Sacrifices. Currently, baptized Ati pray to the
Christian God.

Those less influenced by Christianity profess to believe in Magwala or Magdili.

Another spirit being identified is Abog, the chief herdsman of wild pigs and deer.
MEDICINE PRACTICES

Ati are known in Panay as

practitioners of herbal
medicine. Locals often seek
their help in removing leeches
from a person's body.
LIVELIHOOD HUNTING
In previous years, hunting
(pangayam or panganup) played a
significant role in the Ati economy
especially during the rainy season
(November to early part of
January). The practice has,
however, declined through the
years. Game-hunted include birds,
wild pigs, deer, monkeys. iguanas,
monitor lizards, wild cat, and wild
chickens. Assisted by dogs the Ati
use bow and arrows.
FISHING

Fishing now seems to be more

important than hunting. The women
engage in pamunit(pick up) to catch
a kind of goby (Chronophorus
melancephalus) using a bamboo
stick one meter long and one cm,
thick with several earthworms tied
to the end.
TRADITIONAL CLOTHING
Not too long ago, like other
Negritos in the country, their
clothing was simple, with women
wearing wraparound skirts,
sometimes made out of bark cloth,
and men wearing loincloths.
Nowadays, rare is the Ati wearing
traditional clothing: the Bahag
(loincloth) for men and wraparound
skirts for women. Today T-shirts,
pants, and rubber sandals are
common as daily clothes
JEWELRY

Jewelry is simple in nature. Some

jewelry objects involve plants such
as flowers, while others use animal
bones; particularly the teeth of pig.
TRADITIONAL HOUSE

The Aetas of the north speak

Sambalic languages, which are part
of the Central Luzon family. The
Ati speak a Visayan language
known as Inati. As of 1980, the
speakers of Inati number about
1,500. Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a
are also commonly used.
LANGUAGE
 FESTIVAL OF ATI

ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL DINAGYANG FESTIVAL

MASSKARA FESTIVAL SINULOG FESTIVAL
POPULATION

Total population. 55,473

(2020 census)

https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Atipeople
CEBUANO TRIBE

The Cebuano people (Cebuano:

Mga Sugbuanon) constitute
about one-fifth of the
population of the Philippines
and are the second largest
Ethnolinguistic group in the
country.
RELIGION OF CEBUANO

The majority of Cebuano's are

Roman Catholic, with many in rural
areas synchronizing Catholicism
with indigenous Bisaya folk
religion.

The most celebrated patron saint in

Cebu is the Señor Santo Niño de
Cebú, the Holy Child Jesús.
LANGUAGE OF CEBUANO

Cebuano is closely related to

the languages of the
Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) and
Waray-Waray, and it is
sometimes grouped with
those languages as a dialect
of Visayan (Bisaya).
POPULATION
According to the 2020 census, it has
a population of 964,169 people,
making it the sixth-most populated
city in the nation and the most
populous in the Visayas. It is
estimated that there are 15.8 million
people in the Philippines who speak
Cebuano as their first language
(Ethnologue). It is the second most
spoken language in the Philippines
after Tagalog.
TRADITION OF CEBUANO

Cebu has one of the most colorful

and world-renowned festivals in the
Philippines and they celebrate it
with excitement and high spirits.
Cebu celebrates different festivals
in different towns and cities. Cebu
celebrates fiestas with religious
rituals and dancing in the streets o
the beat of the drums.
. The Cebuano's observe certain
customs and traditions about
birth, baptism, courtship,
marriage, death and burial. The
coming of a child is welcomed
by a Cebuano family for it is
about to give birth, Pomelo
leaves are placed under the
house so as to drive away all evil
spirits which maybe hovering
around.
 BELIEF AND PRACTICES OF CEBUANO

BIRTH
After the child is born, the placenta is
buried at the seashore to insure the
baby's good health.
It is a sign of good luck when the first
born is a boy. For the baby's first haircut
some pieces of hair is saved and inserted
in a prayer book to make the child a wide
reader when he grows up.
 DEATH

Cebuano's believe that people should not sweep

the floor when a family member dies fir it might
cause the death of other family members.
FESTIVALS OF CEBUANO
SINULOG FESTIVAL
3rd Sunday of January (Cebu City)
People shout "Viva Pit Señor".
The Sinulog is Cebu City's most
popular and grandest festival. It is
celebrated every 3rd Sunday of
January in honor of the Señor Sto.
Niño. Foreign and local tourists
flock to Cebu City for this
celebration and join in the
procession and the grand mardi
gras parade.
 TAGBO FESTIVAL
19th of January (Poro, Camotes
Island) It is celebrated every
January in honor of patron Sto.
Niño de Poro. Beloved memoir of
a living past, Tagbo is the
cornerstone from which this great
municipality has sprung. Rich in
cultural heritage and deep in
spiritual values, Tagbo is a very
significant event precluding the
birth of a town very dear to the
hearts of her sons and daughters.
BOD-BOD FESTIVSAL

10th Of February (Catmon)

The town of Catmon is famous
for its tasty "bodbod" and thus
is the focus of the festival. The
street dancing competition is
participated by the different
barangays has its dance
movements, the movement of
making the bodbod with the
costumes in bodbod concept.
KAWAYAN FESTIVAL

2nd of December (Alegria)

"Kawayan" is the vernacular
term for bamboo and is the
major source of
livelihood/income in Alegria.
The street dancing competition
is based on the kawayan and is
slated during the town's fiesta in
honor of Saint Francis Javier.
 PALAWOD FESTIVAL

Last week of June (Bantayan,

Bantayan Island) Palawod is the
fishermen's daily toil, their
means of livelihood, their life,
and pride. The street dancing
captures and preserves the
Bantayanon's unique traditional
fishing rituals inherent to the
island through dancing, music
and the visual arts.
 FOOD
Cebu is known for its
delicious and crispy
lechon, which is so good
that it has earned the city
the title of “Lechon
Capital of the World.”
NGOHIONG
(CEBUANO STLE SPRING ROLLS)

In Cebu, ngohiong (“ngo-yong”) is

the local version of a spring roll: a
deep-fried, battered rice-paper roll
containing julienned singkamas
(jicama) and/or ubod (technically
heart of (coconut) palm, but may
also refer to bamboo shoots),
ground pork, minced shrimp, garlic,
and onions.
CHORIZO de CEBU (local sausage)
Chorizo de Cebu, also known
as longganisa de Cebu, is
a Filipino pork sausage
originating from Cebu. It is a
type of hamonada (sweet)
longganisa. They are
distinctively red in color due to
the use of achuete seeds.
 DRIED MANGOES

Dried mangoes is a simple

snack, which is considered
as one of the most famous
pasalubong from Cebu.
 SINUGLAW

Sinuglaw is a dish composed of

grilled pork belly and fish
ceviche. This can be considered
as a main dish or an appetizer.
LIVELIHOOD

Sugarcane plantation is
prevalent in the agricultural
areas of the island. Then,
followed by the organic
agricultural products such as
corn, rice, and coconut.
Meanwhile, in the coastal areas,
fishing is considered as the
main source of livelihood.