Professional Documents
Culture Documents
06 Fundamentalsmanual
06 Fundamentalsmanual
i
STEP 4: Communication
Communication ....................................................................................... 4- 1
ii
STEP 9: Written Safety and Health Policy
AGENDA
DAY 1
8:30 Introduction
Background
Why have a safety program?
What is the downside of not having a safe operation?
What is a Safety Culture?
11:30 LUNCH
Step 4: Communication
Hazard Communication
Lockout/Tagout
4:30 DISMISS
iv
AGENDA continued
DAY 2
11:35 LUNCH
Case Studies
4:30 DISMISS
v
FUNDAMENTALS OF AN EFFECTIVE
SAFETY & HEALTH PROGRAM
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Will be able to identify the elements of an effective safety & health program
Will be able to use the Division of Safety & Hygiene’s 10-Step Business Plan in the
workplace
Will be aware of the many and varied training requirements necessary to protect
employees, the need for a thorough accident/incident investigation protocol, and the
importance of documentation
Will be able to identify additional sources of assistance for developing and implementing
an effective safety & health program
vi
Fundamentals of an Effective Safety & Health Program
Follow-up Activities
• Use program checklist to evaluate needs at my workplace. Submit to management for
review.
• Review OSHA 300 logs and identify accident and/or illness trends. Summarize my
findings and submit to management for review and possible action.
• Review/improve company procedures to ensure that our safety coordinator is notified
of all workers' compensation claims.
• Meet with management to discuss how the company can improve the safety & health
communication process.
• Determine if my company has a lockout/tagout program. Are procedures written?
Are they followed?
• Research to find out if forklift drivers are trained and whether their training is
documented. If not, recommend training and/or develop documentation.
• If my company uses respirators, are respirator users being medically evaluated? If
not, set up medical evaluations.
• If my company has confined spaces, is there a list of them? If so, review the
company's list of confined spaces for completeness and accuracy. If no list exists,
develop one.
• Meet with management or your supervisor to determine which steps from the 10 step
business plan to implement.
• Evaluate/revise current safety programs.
• Evaluate/revise current safety training.
• If hearing protection is being worn, has noise monitoring been performed? Research
this and present to management.
_________________________________________________________________________________
vii
Activity Plan
Activity Other people involved Target Deadline
q
q
AWARENESS SURVEY
These topics and more will be discussed during the next two days.
How many can you answer correctly?
3. OSHA injury (200/300) logs should be kept for a period of ______ years.
9. Who is ultimately responsible for maintaining an effective safety & health process?
11. 100% compliance with OSHA Standards means you will have 100% safe operation.
T or F?
ix
WHY HAVE A SAFETY PROCESS (PROGRAM)?
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x
DIRECT
COST INDIRECT COST
IS 4 TO 10 TIMES
VS
THE DIRECT COST
INDIRECT
COST
xi
WHAT IS A SAFETY CULTURE?
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xii
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE DIVISION OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE
AND
THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
Many employers in Ohio have used the services of the Ohio Division of Safety &
Hygiene to assist them in creating and maintaining a safe and healthy workplace.
However, some employers mistakenly believe that the Division of Safety & Hygiene is
the same as OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration).
There are 2 major differences between the Ohio Division of Safety & Hygiene and
OSHA:
The Division of Safety and Hygiene was created by an amendment to the Ohio
Constitution in 1923. The amendment created the Division of Safety and Hygiene to
assist Ohio employers in providing a safe and healthy workplace for Ohio employees.
Currently, the Division is the accident-prevention agency of the Ohio Bureau of Workers’
Compensation.
The Division offers a variety of services to help employers maintain safe and healthful
workplaces for their employees. One purpose of the Division is to help reduce the
number of injuries and occupational illnesses by providing employers with proactive,
cost-effective assistance, which ultimately affects the claims costs and premium rates.
The Division of Safety and Hygiene is funded from premiums paid by employers who are
insured for workers’ compensation coverage under the state insurance fund and from
assessments paid by self-insured employers. As a result, all services of the Division of
Safety and Hygiene are available to employers and their employees at no additional
charge.
xiii
The Occupational Safety and Health
The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) was created by the United States
congress in 1970 and is a federally funded agency.
OSHA enforces federally established job safety and health standards throughout the United
States. As part of their operation, OSHA:
xiv
1
DIVISION OF SAFETY & HYGIENE
10 STEP BUSINESS PLAN
This program is intended to help employers successfully manage their accident prevention
program and reduce workers’ compensation costs.
Step 4. Communication
1-1
STEP 1: Visible, Active Senior Management Leadership
“Visible senior management leadership that promotes the belief that the management of
safety is an organizational value.”
Senior management must be role models to all employees for creating a safe work
environment. Active leadership includes, as a minimum:
• Ensuring that all members of management are held accountable for accident
prevention activities, and for managing accident prevention processes
1-2
STEP 1: Visible, Active Senior Management Leadership
(continued)
• Written safety policy affirming safety as a core value to the organization and
assign roles and responsibilities.
• Regularly review progress of the safety and health processes with supervisors and
employees.
• Review and discuss all accident investigation analyses with the supervisor or
foreman.
1-3
VIDEO
“Dan Peterson’s
Safety Management;
Part 3: Measurement and Reward”
(OCOSH Video Library: #660053)
Highlights of Video
Supervisors are to be held accountable for the process they do, not the results.
Having zero accidents with no process means nothing!
Being lucky does not mean that you are a good supervisor!
Safety Director does not do accident investigations. The role of the safety
coordinator will be discussed later.
Finally, all supervisors must be trained FIRST before line workers so the
supervisors understand their role and responsibility.
4. Reward
1-4
2
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
AND RECOGNITION
1. What does your company currently do to involve employees in safety management and
recognize them for safe work practices?
2-1
STEP 2: Employee Involvement and Recognition
“Employee involvement and recognition that affords employees the opportunity to
participate in the safety management process.”
Employee Involvement
2-2
STEP 2: Employee Involvement and Recognition
(continued)
Recognition Opportunities
Establish a program to identify and formally recognize employees for excellence in accident
prevention. Possible recognition opportunities include:
Two methods that encourage employees to use safe work practices and to integrate safety into
the fabric of their jobs include:
2-3
3
STEP 3: Medical Treatment & Return-To-Work Practices
“Early return-to-work strategies to help injured or ill workers return to work.”
Medical Treatment
3-1
STEP 3: Medical Treatment & Return-To-Work Practices
(continued)
Return-to-Work Policy
• Set up lines of communication within the organization and with medical providers
3-2
STEP 3: Medical Treatment & Return-To-Work Practices
(continued)
• Work closely with the claims administrator, employee and physician to determine
the employee’s capability of returning to work in a full or modified-duty capacity.
3-3
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING
A RETURN-TO-WORK POLICY
Set up a group to coordinate information and support for the rehabilitation of injured
employees. This group can cross-feed information on job positions available within the
company. The group should include the case management coordinator, health care provider,
safety director, and union representative.
2. Analyze tasks
Analyze the jobs and workstations to identify what tasks can be done differently and
easier. Also identify non-essential elements of the task. Look at ways to redesign the
operation. Video taping and photography are an excellent way to analyze workflow. A
videotape can also assist the medical provider in determining if the injured worker can return
to that particular job.
Alternative work can be the worker’s original job with modifications or reduced
hours. It also can be a combination of the original job and tasks from other operations. The
alternative work should be temporary, with the employee’s understanding that as he/she
improved medically, these alternative tasks will be reduced and eliminated. Avoid “busy
work”. Employees recognize this immediately and it will decrease the employees’ sense of
productivity and self-worth.
Don’t wait for an injury to occur before looking at the hazards of each task. Also,
don’t return an injured employee to the exact same operation that he/she was injured on.
Make modifications. Ask the injured employee how to best modify the operation to reduce or
eliminate the hazards.
5. Educate everyone
Explain the company’s return-to-work policy to all the employees. Let them know
these policies were developed to keep the valuable employee within the company. Make sure
employees understand what to do if they are injured, and how they will be treated.
Supervisors especially must be trained to support the company’s return-to-work policy and
should respond to employees’ needs when injured and off work.
3-4
Example of Cost Savings with a Return-to-Work
Scenario: An employee injures his back lifting a 50-pound box. The physician
says the employee cannot lift boxes for at least 4 weeks.
Options: Most companies would let the worker stay off work for the entire 4
weeks. This action can cost the employer $12,500! A better alternative is
to have the worker return to work with transitional job duties. This can save
the company money. How?
Let’s say that the direct medical costs for the back injury (doctor’s visit, x-
rays) are $500. After 7 days off work, the injury is classified as a “lost-time
claim”. Allowing the employee to remain off for 4 weeks will cost the employer
$500 (direct medical costs), plus “wage loss” [$2,000 (100/day times 20
workdays)], plus the workers’ compensation regulations require a “reserve” be
set on all lost-time claims to cover future expenses ($10,000
[5 times the wage loss already paid]).
3-5
4
STEP 4: Communication
Communication includes:
• Quarterly written or verbal feedback (or both) to all employees on their accident
prevention performance
• Tools for communication, which could include memos, bulletin boards, staff and
general meetings
IMPLEMENTATION
• Encourage employees to share their ideas and concerns on safety and health
matters
Best accident prevention ideas come from discussions with employees. Safety
professionals realize that employees are close to the problems of the work place
and, therefore, are extremely valuable in helping to solve problems and generate
solutions.
4-1
STEP 4: Communication
(continued)
• If you have languages other than English spoken in your facilities, you must ensure
that all safety and health communications are provided to employees in the language
they understand. In addition, some employees may not read and require verbal
communication.
• Encourage employees to inform you of accident prevention problems at the work site
without fear of reprisal. It is crucial that a system of open, honest and trusting
communications be developed and nurtured in order for a safety culture to exist.
• Discussion method - involves the supervisor or foreman sitting down with each
employee on a regular basis to discuss safety concerns, suggestions, and ideas
4-2
STEP 4: Communication
(continued)
• Safety bulletin boards - used for posting safety related policies, notices,
articles, meeting schedules, meeting minutes, memos, etc.
4-3
5
STEP 5: Timely Notification of Claims
Internal Reporting
External Reporting
5-1
WHAT IT COSTS TO DELAY REPORTING
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS
Source: Glen-Roberts Pitruzello, The Hartford Financial Services Group, “The High Cost of
Delays: Findings on a Lag-time Study” NCCI Summer 2000 Issues Report
5-2
6
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF
THE SAFETY COORDINATOR?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
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6-1
STEP 6: Safety and Health Process Coordination
“Assigning an individual the role of coordinating safety efforts for the company.”
Designate an individual as the accident prevention coordinator. The actual name of the
position may vary (Safety Director, Safety Manager, Safety Coordinator, Safety Officer, etc.).
What is important is that this person be given the responsibility and authority over the
organization’s safety and health efforts.
• Helping management and employees identify accident prevention and safety and
health training needs
• Helping supervisors make changes or develop strategies that improve safety and
health
6-2
STEP 6: Safety and Health Program Coordination
(continued)
1. No new chemicals should enter the facility without approval of the safety coordinator
3. No contract for services (i.e. roofing repair) should be let without the involvement of
the safety coordinator
6-3
7&8
WHAT TYPE OF TRAINING IS REQUIRED
TO PROTECT EMPLOYEES?
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________
10. _________________________________________________
11. _________________________________________________
12. _________________________________________________
13. _________________________________________________
14. _________________________________________________
15. _________________________________________________
7&8-1
PROGRAM CHECKLIST
(Do these programs apply to your company?)
* These programs may not be specifically discussed during the “Fundamentals” course .
A description of each of these programs is located in Tab 7 & 8.
7&8-2
STEP 7: Orientation And Training
STEP 8: Written Programs
OBJECTIVES:
• Students will be able to list the primary training and programs needed to protect
employees in the workplace
• Students will be able to identify where to go for additional training, assistance and
references for each area
7&8-3
HAZARD COMMUNICATION (HAZCOM)
Purpose: To insure all employees are aware of the hazards from the chemicals they are in
contact with. Examples of jobs requiring a HAZCOM program include manufacturing,
warehouse operations, janitorial, laboratory, etc.
OSHA Standard:
• 29 CFR 1910.1200 (General Industry)
• 29 CFR 1926.59 (Construction – Refers to 1910.1200)
Written Program
• Identify responsibilities
• Who is responsible for training
• Who is responsible for ordering/maintaining MSDS
• Container labeling
• Legible
• Chemical name
• Target organs
• Manufacturer’s name and address
• Employee training
• Frequency
• Who conducts training
• Who needs to be trained
• Chemical inventory
• What company has on hand/quantity
• Where located
7&8-4
HAZARD COMMUNICATION (HAZCOM)
(continued)
Employee Training
• Training Topics
• Overview of HAZCOM requirements
• MSDSs
• Location
• How to read
• Labeling requirements
Contractors
• Notification procedures
• Training contractors of company hazards
• Training company employees of contractor hazards
7&8-5
The Clorox Company Material Safety
1221 Broadway
Oakland, California 94588 Data Sheet
Tel. (510) 847-6100
FORMULA 409 ALL PURPOSE CLEANER
I Product: CLOROX ANTI-BACTERIAL ALL PURPOSE CLEANER
Description: LIGHT GREEN LIQUID
Other Designations Distributor Emergency Telephone No.
EPA Registration Number 5813-55 Clorox Sales Company For Medical Emergencies call:
1221 Broadway Rocky Mountain Poison Center
Oakland, CA 94612 (800) 446-1014
For Transportation Emergencies Chemtrec
(800) 424-9300
Work Practices: Avoid eye and skin contact. Do not inhale vapor or mist. TSCA Status: All components of this product are on the TSCA Inventory.
VI Spill or Leak Procedures VII Reactivity Data
Spill Procedures: Caution! Floors may become slippery. Wear Stable under normal use and storage conditions.
appropriate protective equipment and NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator
where mist or vapors of unknown concentrations may be generated (self- Avoid strong oxidant or reducing agents.
contained
breathing apparatus preferred.)
Dike and contain spill with inert material (sand, earth, etc.) and transfer the
liquid and solid separately to containers for recovery or disposal. Keep spill
out of sewers and open bodies of water.
VIII Fire and Explosion Data IX Physical Data
Flash Point: >200F pH .................................................................................... 11.5-13.0
Fire Extinguishing Agents: Foam, Dry Chemical, Water, CO2. Must wear Specific Gravity .............................................................1.01 @ 25C
NIOSH/MSHA approval self-contained breathing apparatus and protective Solubility in Water ................................................................Soluble
clothing. Cool fire-exposed containers with water spray.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Products of combustion are toxic.
© 1983, 1991 THE CLOROX COMPANY
DATE PREPARED 3/97
DATA SUPPLIED IS FOR USE ONLY IN CONNECTION WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Used with permission of the Clorox Company
7&8-6
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT
Purpose: To protect employees from unexpected release of stored energy
- Mechanical - Electrical
- Hydraulic - Pneumatic
- Chemical - Thermal
- Gravity - Any other sources of stored energy
OSHA Standard
• 29 CFR 1910.147 (Lockout/Tagout)
Note: Standard does not apply to construction sites (does apply to yards and
fabrication shops)
Written program
• Identify all sources of energy for each piece of equipment
• Each employee has own lock and key. Supervisor may have second key, but well-
established procedures must be in place for when the second key can be used
• Verify employee is not at the facility
• Make reasonable effort to inform employee that lock has been removed
• Ensure employee is informed about the action before returning to work in
the facility
• Procedures reviewed annually (not by one performing lockout/tagout)
• Outside contractors
Employee Training
• Methods of identifying energy sources
• Shut down / start-up procedures
• Lockout procedures
7&8-7
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Purpose: To develop set policies and procedures for providing personal protective
equipment and clothing to employees when hazards can not be eliminated.
Hierarchy of Controls
• Engineering controls
• Ventilation
• Isolation
• Change process
• Substitution
• Administrative controls
• Rotating workers
• Housekeeping & maintenance
• Work practices
Performance Standards
• Performance standards spell out the objectives to be achieved, and how you achieve the
objectives is up to you.
OSHA Standards
• 29 CFR 1910.132 (Basic Standard)
• 29 CFR 1910.133 (Eye/Face)
• 29 CFR 1910.135 (Head)
• 29 CFR 1910.136 (Foot)
• 29 CFR 1910.137 (Electrical)
• 29 CFR 1910.138 (Hand)
7&8-8
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
(continued)
Program elements
• Workplace assessments: Know what hazards are
• Assessments documented
Training
• When/where PPE is necessary
PPE:
• OSHA has a proposed rule that employers are required to pay for all
PPE with the exception of foot protection, prescription safety glasses
and logging boots. This is proposed and not final.
7&8-9
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Job: Date:
Sequence of Basic Job Steps Potential Accidents or Hazards Recommended Safe Job
Procedures
7 & 8 - 10
EMERGENCY ACTION / RESPONSE PLANS
• Can only be used if you evacuate the facility AND INDIVIDUALS DO NOT RE-
ENTER, but wait for a outside contractor to respond to incident
• Plan Elements
• If 10 or less employees, plan can be oral
• Employees know contents of plan
• Emergency escape procedures
• Critical operations that cannot be shut down
• Employee accountability
• Rescue and medical duties
• Method of reporting emergencies
• Plan should include responsibilities (i.e., who to brief fire department upon
arrival), maps of piping and drainage system, MSDSs, etc.
• Employee Training:
• Designated employees trained to assist in evacuation
• Fire hazards present in facility
• Periodic practice evacuations
7 & 8 - 11
EMERGENCY ACTION / RESPONSE PLANS
(Continued)
• Company MUST have a formal response plan if anyone re-enters the facility or if
the company’s employees contain/clean up the spill.
• Plan Elements
• Pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside parties
• Personnel roles, lines of authority, combination
• Safe distances/places of refuge
• Site security
• Evacuation routes
• First aid
• Emergency reporting
• PPE/ equipment
• Use of state/local resources
• Employee Training
• First Responder Awareness Level (Notification only)
• First Responder Operations Level (Defensive containment)
• Hazardous Materials Technician/Specialist (Stops spills, clean-up,
decontamination)
• On-Scene Incident Commander
7 & 8 - 12
HOW TO SET UP AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
(Items to consider when developing a plan)
1. Employee input
2. Plan comprehensive enough to deal with all expected situations
3. MSDSs available on all material. Will they be available in an emergency?
4. Emergency escape procedures and route assignments
5. Employee assembly area and accountability procedures
6. Sufficient employees trained to assist in evacuation
7. Handicapped employees considered. Who will assist them?
8. Who will remain to shut down critical operations
9. Clear chain of command established
10. Who is assigned to meet emergency response personal (i.e. fire department)
• MSDSs available for fire department
• Diagrams of piping systems, locations of chemical hazards, and sewer drains
11. Emergency phone numbers valid and available
• Procedures if phones are inoperative
12. Who needs to be notified
• Company officials
• Local officials
• EPA/OSHA
• Outside contractor to clean-up spill
13. Who is designated to speak to news media
14. Site security
15. Alarm systems
16. Employees trained
17. Evacuation plans regularly practiced
18. Rescue procedures
Note: All the above actions need to be considered if everyone just evacuates and does not re-
enter, contain or clean-up the spill. ANY response by company employees in working with
the spill requires an emergency response plan, training, equipment, and so forth. Many
companies have found that unless they have over 100 employees, they do not have the
resources (staffing or financial) to deal with a spill themselves.
7 & 8 - 13
HEARING CONSERVATION
OSHA Standards
• 29 CFR 1910.95 (General Industry)
• 29 CFR 1926.52 (Construction)
Workplace Monitoring
• Above 90 dBA
Recordkeeping
• Workplace noise measurements: 2 years
• Audiometric records: Duration of employment
plus 30 years
Employee Training
• Conducted annually
• Effects of hazardous noise
• Purpose of hearing protectors, advantages and disadvantages of various types
7 & 8 - 14
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS
Purpose: To provide a formal employee training program for operators of forklifts and other
powered industrial trucks.
Elements of Training
• Evaluation (both on an obstacle course AND under actual working conditions and
situations employee will operate forklift)
Instructor Requirements
7 & 8 - 15
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS
(continued)
Refresher Training
• “If the operator has been observed to operate the vehicle in an unsafe manner”
• “The operator has received an evaluation that reveals that the operator is not operating
the truck safely”
• “A condition in the workplace changes in a manner that could affect safe operation of
the truck”
7 & 8 - 16
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Written Program
• Workplace monitoring
• Worksite specific procedures for selection and use of respirators
• Employee training
• Maintenance and storage of respirators
• Medical surveillance
• Fit testing
Employee Training
7 & 8 - 17
ERGONOMICS
Purpose: To identify operations in the workplace that may pose a health hazard to
employees from repetitive motion and to modify those operations in some manner to reduce
the risks to the employees
Principles
• With industrialization, jobs became more repetitive, and exceeded the capabilities
of the workers.
• Design workplace to fit the worker, rather than making the worker fit the
workplace.
OSHA Standard:
• None.
• Other sections of the OSHA act, such as the “General Duty Clause”, have been
applied to the workplace. This section [Section 5.(a) of the OSHA Act] states
that each employer “shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a
place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or
are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees.”
• Repetitive motion injuries and back/shoulder injuries have long been a recognized
hazard. Failure of the employer to address these hazards can be cited under the
General Duty Clause.
7 & 8 - 18
ERGONOMICS
(continued)
• Disc degeneration (back discs stretched, torn, frayed and worn down)
• Back braces, supports or “lifting belts” are not endorsed by the Division
of Safety and Hygiene as tools for the prevention of back injuries.
Although they may be useful in some instances of rehabilitation or as
prescribed by a physician, these devices are not considered a legitimate
ergonomic means in the long-term prevention of low back disorders.
• Back belts in no way eliminate a worker’s exposure to the hazard.
• A reported increase in support perceived by the user may translate into a
false sense of security, hence fostering the potential for additional risk
taking.
• The promotion of these devices may lead an employer to overlook sound
ergonomics principles. The ergonomic approach to workplace design
must be recognized as the first choice for controlling sources of
workplace stress.
7 & 8 - 19
VIDEO
“Industrial Ergonomics”
OCOSH Video Library: #620052
1. Watch for situations where solutions shown in the video may be applied to your
operation.
3. See how alterations to the workstation need not be costly. The key is to allow for the
variables that exist among us all. Our goal is to fit the job to the worker not the reverse.
4. Note that individuals who can work without stressors are safer and more productive.
5. During the demonstration on lifting be reminded that “there is no safe way to lift”, only a
safer way.(The only safe way is no lift!) It is best to eliminate any manual handling
whenever feasible. Put the stress onto “mechanical assists” e.g. carts, hoists, conveyors,
forklifts, etc.
7 & 8 - 20
FIRST AID
Requirement: At least one individual per shift is to be trained in first aid, unless the facility
is in “near proximity” to medical service. “Near proximity” is usually defined as 3-4 minute
response time
Training/Equipment
• First Aid Responders trained. Should be certified by Red Cross or other
competent agency
• First aid supplies available
Recordkeeping
• OSHA 300 Log
• Workers’ Compensation Claims
7 & 8 - 21
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Employee Training
• Initial and annual training
• Training shall be interactive with knowledgeable health care provider (can’t just
show video)
• Generic training inappropriate unless supplemented by employer
• Documentation kept for 3 years
• OSHA 300 Log: Classified as injury if:
• Work-related that involves transfer or restriction of work
• Or, results in medical treatment beyond first aid, including
Hepatitis B vaccination
7 & 8 - 22
CONFINED SPACES
Purpose: To identify confined spaces within a facility that may pose a hazard to any
employee entering them and to develop a formalized plan to address how employees will
enter these areas.
• Confined Space
1. Is large enough so an employee can enter and perform work
AND
2. Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit
AND
3. Is not designed for continuous human occupancy
Workplace Evaluation: Employer shall evaluate facility to identify any confined spaces
and permit-required confined spaces. If permit-required confined spaces are present, the
employer shall:
7 & 8 - 23
CONFINED SPACES
(continued)
Written Program
• Measures to prevent unauthorized entry
• Means to identify and evaluate hazards before entry
• Procedures for safe operations
• Provision of equipment (testing and monitoring, communication, PPE, rescue)
• Designate employees by role (i.e., entrants, attendants, entry supervisors,
atmosphere monitoring) and describe training for each
• Procedures for summoning rescue personnel. Rescue service shall be pre-selected
and evaluated
Employee Training
• Training shall establish employee efficiency
• Certification must be available for inspection
• Four classifications of training:
7 & 8 - 24
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Purpose: To develop training for employees to investigate accidents and incidents occurring
within the workplace and to develop skills for the prevention of like or similar accidents or
incidents.
Recordkeeping
• OSHA Form 301 (or equivalent) must be completed within 6 working days after
injury/illness is reported
OSHA Notification
Within 8 hours of a death or 3 hospitalizations as a result of the same accident
7 & 8 - 25
VIDEO
“ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION”
1. Investigate
2. Find Cause
3. Take Action
4. Document Findings
5. Follow-up
___________________________________________________________________________
_ 7 & 8 - 26
ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / POLICIES / TRAINING
Following are some additional programs and policies that companies should consider when
developing their health and safety programs. A thorough job task analysis to identify all potential
health and safety concerns is imperative in order to insure all employees are properly trained and
protected.
Specific operating procedures should be established for each piece of equipment used by
the company. Employees should be trained using these operating procedures to ensure
consistency of training.
Certain occupations may require very specific employee training, equipment, and
procedures to prevent either heat stress or cold stress on the employees. Such occupations
may include construction, meat packing, foundry, landscaping, etc. The employer is required
to evaluate any potential hazards (including heat and cold) and develop procedures to
protect their employees.
This area may include the use of lasers on construction sites, employees repairing scanning
equipment, medical/dental x-rays, ultraviolet radiation (sun) for workers outside, and
radar/communication equipment.
7 & 8 - 27
ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / POLICIES / TRAINING
(continued)
• Fall Protection
• Machine Guarding
1. The point of operation: that point where work is performed on the material, such
as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming of stock.
3. Other moving parts: all parts of the machine which move while the machine is
working. These can include reciprocating, rotating, and transverse moving parts,
as well as feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine.
7 & 8 - 28
ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / POLICIES / TRAINING
(continued)
Trenching Operations
_____________________________________________________________________
7 & 8 - 29
MOST FREQUENTLY CITED STANDARDS
(October 2002 through September 2003)
The following were the top 10 most frequently cited standards in fiscal year 2003:
The following are the standards for which OSHA assessed the highest penalties in fiscal year
2003:
For more detailed information, visit www.OSHA.gov, then click on the letter “F” on the
alphabet across the top of the screen. Select Frequently Cited OSHA Standards. At
that site, you can generate a report on the most frequently cited federal or state OSHA
standards by your SIC code and the number of employees in your establishment.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_ 7 & 8 - 30
PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT
7 & 8 - 31
29 CFR 1910.119 Appendix A
Title: List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives
Subpart & Title H / Hazardous Materials
This appendix contains a listing of toxic and reactive chemicals which present a potential
for a catastrophic event at or above the threshold quantity.
THRESHOLD
QUANTITY
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER* (POUNDS)
Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 2500
Acrolein (2-Propenal) 107-02-8 150
Acrylyl Chloride 814-68-6 250
Allyl Chloride 107-05-1 1000
Allylamine 107-11-9 1000
Alkylaluminums Varies 5000
Ammonia, Anhydrous 7664-41-7 10000
Ammonia solutions (>44% ammonia by weight) 7664-41-7 15000
Ammonium Perchlorate 7790-98-9 7500
Ammonium Permanganate 7787-36-2 7500
Arsine (Also called Arsenic Hydride) 7784-42-1 100
Bis (Chloromethyl) Ether 542-88-1 100
Boron Trichloride 10294-34-5 2500
Boron Trifluoride 7637-07-2 250
Bromine 7726-95-6 1500
Bromine Chloride 13863-41-7 1500
Bromine Pentafluoride 7789-30-2 2500
Bromine Trifluoride 7787-71-5 15000
3-Bromopropyne (also called Propargyl Bromide) 106-96-7 100
Butyl Hydroperoxide (Tertiary) 75-91-2 5000
Butyl Perbenzoate (Tertiary) 614-45-9 7500
Carbonyl Chloride (see Phosgene) 75-44-5 100
Carbonyl Fluoride 353-50-4 2500
Cellulose Nitrate (concentration >12.6% nitrogen) 9004-70-0 2500
Chlorine 7782-50-5 1500
_______________________________________________________________________________
_ 7 & 8 - 32
THRESHOLD
QUANTITY
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER* (POUNDS)
Chlorine Dioxide 10049-04-4 1000
Chlorine Pentrafluoride 13637-63-3 1000
Chlorine Trifluoride 7790-91-2 1000
Chlorodiethylaluminum 96-10-6 5000
(Also called Diethylaluminum Chloride)
1-Chloro-2, 4-Dinitrobenzene 97-00-7 5000
Chloromethyl Methyl Ether 107-30-2 500
Chloropicrin 76-06-2 500
Chloropicrin and Methyl Bromide mixture None 1500
Chloropicrin and Methyl Chloride mixture None 1500
Cummune Hydroperoxide 80-15-9 5000
Cyanogen 460-19-5 2500
Cyanogen Chloride 506-77-4 500
Cyanuric Fluoride 675-14-9 100
Diacetyl Peroxide (Concentration >70%) 110-22-5 5000
Diazomethane 334-88-3 500
Dibenzoyl Peroxide 94-36-0 7500
Diborane 19287-45-7 100
Dibutyl Peroxide (Tertiary) 110-05-4 5000
Dichloro Acetylene 7572-29-4 250
Dichlorosilane 4109-96-0 2500
Diethylzinc 557-20-0 10000
Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate 105-64-6 7500
Dilaluroyl Peroxide 105-74-8 7500
Dimethyldichlorosilane 75-78-5 1000
Dimethylhydrazine, 1, 1- 57-14-7 1000
Dimethylamive, Anhydrous 124-40-3 2500
2, 4-Dinitroaniline 97-02-9 5000
Ethyl Methyl Ketone Peroxide (Also 1338-23-4 5000
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide;
concentration >60%)
Ethyl Nitrite 109-95-5 5000
Ethylamine 75-04-7 7500
Ethylene Fluorohydrin 371-62-0 1000
7 & 8 - 33
THRESHOLD
QUANTITY
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER* (POUNDS)
Ethylene Oxide 75-21-8 5000
Ethyleneimine 151-56-4 1000
Fluorine 7782-41-4 1000
Formaldehyde (Formalin) 50-00-0 1000
Furan 110-00-9 500
Hexafluoroacetone 684-16-2 5000
Hydrochloric Acid, Anhydrous 7647-01-0 5000
Hydrofluoric Acid, Anhydrous 7664-39-3 1000
Hydrogen Bromide 10035-10-6 5000
Hydrogen Chloride 7647-01-0 5000
Hydrogen Cyanide, Anhydrous 74-90-8 1000
Hydrogen Fluoride 7664-39-3 1000
Hydrogen Peroxide (52% by weight or greater) 7722-84-1 7500
Hydrogen Selenide 7783-07-5 150
Hydrogen Sulfide 7783-06-4 1500
Hydroxylamine 7803-49-8 2500
Iron, Pentacarbonyl 13463-40-6 250
Isopropylamine 75-31-0 5000
Ketene 463-51-4 100
Methacryaldehyde 78-85-3 1000
Methacryloyl Chloride 920-46-7 150
Methacryloyloxyethyl Isocyanate 30674-80-7 100
Methyl Acrylonitrile 126-98-7 250
Methylamine, Anhydrous 74-89-5 1000
Methyl Bromide 74-83-9 2500
Methyl Chloride 74-87-3 15000
Methyl Chloroformate 79-22-1 500
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (concentration >60%) 1338-23-4 5000
Methyl Fluoroacetate 453-18-9 100
Methyl Fluorosulfate 421-20-5 100
Methyl Hydrazine 60-34-4 100
Methyl Iodide 74-88-4 7500
Methyl Isocyanate 624-83-9 250
7 & 8 - 34
THRESHOLD
QUANTITY
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER* (POUNDS)
Methyl Mercaptan 74-93-1 5000
Methyl Vinyl Ketone 79-84-4 100
Methyltrichlorosilane 75-79-6 500
Nickel Carbonyl (Nickel Tetracarbonyl) 13463-39-3 150
Nitric Acid (94.5% by weight or greater) 7697-37-2 500
Nitric Oxide 10102-43-9 250
Nitroaniline (para Nitroaniline) 100-01-6 5000
Nitromethane 75-52-5 2500
Nitrogen Dioxide 10102-44-0 250
Nitrogen Oxides (NO; NO2, N2O4; N2O3) 10102-44-0 250
Nitrogen Tetroxide (Also called Nitrogen Peroxide) 10544-72-6 250
Nitrogen Trifluoride 7783-54-2 5000
Nitrogen Trioxide 10544-73-7 250
Oleum (65% to 80% by weight, also called 8014-94-7 1000
Fuming Sulfuric Acid)
Osmium Tetroxide 20816-12-0 100
Oxygen Difluoride (Fluorine Monoxide) 7783-41-7 100
Ozone 10028-15-6 100
Pentaborane 19624-22-7 100
Peracetic Acid (concentration >60% 79-21-0 1000
Acetic Acid; also called Peroxyacetic Acid)
Perchloric Acid (concentration >60% by weight) 7601-90-3 5000
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 594-42-3 150
Perchloryl Fluoride 7616-94-6 5000
Peroxyacetic Acid (concentration >60% 79-21-0 1000
Acetic Acid; also called Peracetic Acid)
Phosgene (also called Carbonyl Chloride) 75-44-5 100
Phosphine (Hydrogen Phosphide) 7803-51-2 100
Phosphorus Oxychloride (also called 10025-87-3 1000
Phosphoryl Chloride)
Phosphorus Trichloride 7719-12-2 1000
Phosphoryl Chloride (also called 10025-87-3 1000
Phosphorus Oxychloride)
Propargyl Bromide 106-96-7 100
7 & 8 - 35
THRESHOLD
QUANTITY
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER* (POUNDS)
Propyl Nitrate 627-3-4 2500
Sarin 107-44-8 100
Selenium Hexafluoride 7783-79-1 1000
Stibine (Antimony Hydride) 7803-52-3 500
Sulfur Dioxide (liquid) 7446-09-5 1000
Sulfur Pentafluoride 5714-22-7 250
Sulfur Tetrafluoride 7783-60-0 250
Sulfur Trioxide (also called Sulfuric Anhydride) 7446-11-9 1000
Sulfuric Anhydride (also called Sulfur Trioxide) 7446-11-9 1000
Tellurium Hexafluoride 7783-80-4 250
Tetrafluoroethylene 116-14-3 5000
Tetrafluorohydrazine 10036-47-2 5000
Tetramethyl Lead 75-74-1 1000
Thionyl Chloride 7719-09-7 250
Trichloro (chloromethyl) Silane 1558-25-4 100
Trichloro (dichlorophenyl) Silane 27137-85-5 2500
Trichlorosilane 10025-78-2 5000
Trifluorochloroethylene 79-38-9 10000
Trimethyoxysilane 2487-90-3 1500
7 & 8 - 36
SPECIFIC CHEMICALS WITH
INDIVIDUAL OSHA STANDARDS
_______________________________________________________________
_ 7 & 8 - 37
9
STEP 9: Written Safety and Health Policy
“A written safety and health policy signed by the top company official that expresses
the employer’s values and commitment to workplace safety and health.”
9-1
SAMPLE #1
It is my firm belief that the health and safety of each employee in this company
must take precedence over all other considerations. Profitability at the expense of
injured employees is not acceptable. The health and safety of each employee is a
major responsibility. Although we have a Safety Director, this responsibility
cannot be delegated to a single individual. All employees must share this
obligation, both for themselves, and for their fellow workers. And all supervisors
are to be held accountable to ensure each and every operation is conducted in a
safe manner.
In support of this belief, certain health and safety policies have been established.
These policies insure that all employees receive the maximum protection possible.
That each and every one leaves here in the same physical condition as when they
arrive each morning.
Although many of our policies are based on OSHA (Occupational Safety &
Health Administration) standards, my purpose is to prevent illness and injury, and
not to satisfy OSHA. Many of our policies go beyond these standards, in order to
provide the best work environment possible. Each and every employee, from the
janitor to the president, are required to follow these policies and are responsible
for ensuring all unsafe conditions and operations are immediately corrected or
reported to the proper individual.
In the event that an employee is injured, this company will do everything in its
power to insure adequate medical care is provided and to return the employee
back to work at the earliest opportunity. In addition to preventing physical pain
and suffering, a safe work environment will go a long way to ensure this company
remains profitable, thus allowing our company family to continue well into the
future with a clear sense of pride, satisfaction and purpose. With the help and
dedication of each employee, we can achieve this.
George A. Bidwell
June 3, 2001 George A. Bidwell
9-2
SAMPLE #2
• This company will comply with all State and Federal safety
codes and regulations.
Joe E. Allen
Joseph E. Allen, President
Riverbend Ceramics
9-3
SAMPLE #3
It is the policy of this company to conduct all of its operations and activities in a manner
that will ensure proper safety & health protection for all employees. The prevention of
occupational injuries and illnesses is of such consequence that it will be given precedence
over operating productivity whenever necessary. All employees, management and labor,
are required to support this process and employee involvement is essential for its success.
Ima Goodguy
Ima Goodguy
General Manager
9-4
10
STEP 10: Recordkeeping and Data Analysis
• Purpose
• Analysis Techniques
10 - 1
STEP 10: Recordkeeping and Data Analysis
(continued)
• Examples of recordkeeping
Individual company data that can be tracked will vary greatly depending on the nature of
the business.
10 - 2
Log and Summary of Occupational
Injuries and illnesses
NOTE: This form is required by Public Law 91-596 and must be kept RECORDABLE CASES: You are required to record information about every
in the establishment for 5 years. Failure to maintain and post occupational death; every nonfatal occupational illness; and those nonfatal
can result in issuance of citations and assessment of penalties. occupational injuries which involve one or more of the following: loss of
(See posting requirements on the other side of form ) conciousness, restriction of work or motion, transfer to another job, or
medical treatment (other than first aid)
(See definitions on the other side of form )
toxic materials)
repeated trauma
Occupational Skin
Disorder or Disease
Dust Disease of the lungs
Respiratory Conditions
due to toxic agents
Poisoning (systemic effects of
Disorders due to physical agents
Disorders associated with
All other occupational illnesses
(7)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)
Certification of Annual Summary Totals by: ______________________________ Title: ______________________________________________ Date: _____________
OSHA 200 POST ONLY THIS PORTION OF THE LAST PAGE NO LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1
Occupational Safety and Health Administration U.S. Department of Labor
Supplementary Record of
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
This form is required by Public Law 91-596 and must be kept in the establishment for 5 years. Case or File No.
Form Approved
Failure to maintain can result in the issuance of citations and assessment of penalties.
O.M.B. No. 1218-0176
Employer See OMB Disclosure
1. Name
Statement on reverse.
2. Mail address (No. and street, city or town, State, and zip code)
5. Home address (No. and street, city or town, State, and zip code)
9. Department (Enter name of department or division in which the injured person is regularly employed, even though he may have been temporarily
working in another department at the time of injuiry.)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. How did the accident occur? (Describe fully the events which resulted in the injury or occupational illness. Tell what happened and how it happened. Name any objects or substances
involved and tell how they were involved. Give full details on all factors which led or contributed to the accident. Use separate sheet for additional space.)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Name the object or substance which directly injured the employee. (For example, the machine or thing he struck against or which struck him; the vapor or poison he inhaled or swallowed;
the chemical or radiation which irriatated his skin; or in cases of strains, hernias, etc., the thing he was lifting, pulling, etc.)
16. Date of injury or initial diagnosis of occupational illness 17. Did employee die? (Check one)
Yes _____ No _____
Other
18. Name and address of physician
These are general guidelines to help you to determine where you must keep training
records, maintenance records and written programs. Some standards do not say that
records are specifically required, but it may be implied and/or recommended. There may
be other standards specifically required by certain industries which are not covered in this
list.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10 - 18
STANDARD SUBJECT IS A ARE ARE
WRITTEN TRAINING MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM RECORDS RECORDS
NEEDED NEEDED NEEDED
1910.156 Fire Brigades Yes Yes No
1910.157 Fire Recommended Recommended Yes
Extinguishers
1910.160 Fixed No No Yes
Extinguishing
Systems
1910.164 Fire Detection No Under Recommended
Systems Emergency
Action Plan
1910.165 Employee Alarm Yes Recommended Recommended
Systems
1910.177 Servicing Wheel Yes Recommended Recommended
Rims
1910.178 Powered No Recommended Yes
Industrial Trucks
1910.179 Cranes No Recommended Yes
1910.180 Crawler No Recommended Yes
Locomotive &
Truck Cranes
1910.181 Derricks No Recommended Yes
1910.184 Slings No Recommended Yes
1910.217 Mechanical Yes Recommended Yes
Power Presses
1910.218 Forging No Recommended Yes
Machines
1910.219 Mechanical No No Recommended
Power-
transmission
Apparatus
1910.253 Gas Welding No Recommended Recommended
1910.254 Arc Welding No Recommended Recommended
1910.255 Resistance No Recommended Yes
Welding
_______________________________________________________________________________
10 - 19
STANDARD SUBJECT IS A ARE ARE
WRITTEN TRAINING MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM RECORDS RECORDS
NEEDED NEEDED NEEDED
1910.269 Electric Power Yes Yes Yes
Generation
1910.272 Grain Handling Yes Recommended Yes
Facilities
1910.331-.335 Electrical Safe Yes Recommended Recommended
Work Practices
1910.402-.440 Diving Yes Yes Yes
Operations
1910.1001 Asbestos Yes Yes Yes
1910.1003-.1016 Carcinogens Yes Yes Yes
1910.1017 Vinyl Chloride Yes Yes Yes
1910.1018 Inorganic Yes Yes Yes
1910.1020 Medical & No Recommended Yes
Exposure
Records
1910.1025 Lead Yes Yes Yes
1910.1027 Cadmium Yes Yes Yes
1910.1028 Benzene Yes Yes Yes
1910.1029 Coke Ovens Yes Yes Yes
1910.1030 Bloodborne Yes Yes Yes
Pathogens
1910.1043 Cotton Dust Yes Yes Yes
1910.1044 1,2-dibromo-3- Yes Yes Yes
chloropropane
1910.1045 Acrylonitrile Yes Yes Yes
1910.1047 Ethylene Oxide Yes Yes Yes
1910.1048 Formaldehyde Yes Yes Yes
1910.1050 Methylene- Yes Yes Yes
dianiline
1910.1052 Methylene Yes Yes Yes
Chloride
1910.1200 Hazard Yes Yes No
Communications
1910.1450 Laboratories Yes Yes Yes
George Kunz and Mike Marr prepared this document for the OSHA Recordkeeping Class.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10 - 20
WHERE OSHA REQUIRES RECORDS
PER THE CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
29 CFR 1926
These are general guidelines to help you to determine where you must keep training
records, maintenance records and written programs. Some standards do not say that
records are specifically required, but it may be implied and/or recommended. There may
be other standards specifically required by certain industries which are not covered in this
list.
Note: There are general industry standards that apply to construction as well as the
following.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10 - 21
STANDARD SUBJECT IS A ARE ARE
WRITTEN TRAINING MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM RECORDS RECORDS
NEEDED NEEDED NEEDED
1926.150 Fire Protection Yes Recommended Yes
1926.156 Fixed Yes Recommended Yes
Extinguishing
Systems
1926.158 Fire Detection No Recommended Yes
Systems
1926.159 Employee Alarm Recommended Recommended Yes
Systems
1926.251 Slings No No Yes
1926.302 Powder Actuated No Recommended No
Tools
1926.350 Gas Welding & No Recommended No
Cutting
1926.351 Arc Welding & No Recommended No
Cutting
1926.404 Wiring Design Yes Recommended Yes
& Protection
1926.417 Lockout & Yes Recommended No
Tagging Of
Circuits
1926.502 Fall Protection Yes No Yes
Systems Criteria
& Practices
1926.503 Fall Protection No Yes No
Training
Requirements
1926.550 Cranes & No No Yes
Derricks
1926.552 Material Hoists, Yes No No
Personnel Hoists
& Elevators
1926.556 Aerial Lifts No Recommended Recommended
1926.651 Excavations Yes No Yes
General
Requirements
1926.652 Requirements Yes No No
for Protective
Systems
1926.800 Underground No Recommended Yes
Construction
1926.803 Compressed Air Yes Yes Yes
_______________________________________________________________________________
10 - 22
STANDARD SUBJECT IS A ARE ARE
WRITTEN TRAINING MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM RECORDS RECORDS
NEEDED NEEDED NEEDED
1926.850 Demolition Yes No No
1926.900 Explosives Yes Recommended Yes
1926.901 Blaster No Yes No
Qualifications
1926.903 Underground No No Yes
Transportation
Of Explosives
1926.905 Loading Of Yes No Yes
Explosives Or
Blasting Agents
1926.955 Overhead Lines No Recommended No
1926.1060 Ladder Training No Recommended No
Requirements
1926.1076 Qualifications No Recommended No
Of Dive Teams
1926.1080 Safe Practices Yes No No
Manual
1926.1081 Pre-Dive Yes No Recommended
Procedure
1926.1082 Procedures Yes No No
During Dive
1926.1083 Dive Records Yes No No
1926.1090 Dive Equipment No No Yes
Records
1926.1091 Diving Injury No No Yes
Records
1926.1101 Asbestos Yes Yes Yes
1926.1103-.1116 Carcinogens Yes Recommended Yes
1926.1117 Vinyl Chloride Yes Yes Yes
1926.1118 Inorganic Yes Yes Yes
Arsenic
1926.1127 Cadmium Yes Yes Yes
1926.1128 Benzene Yes Recommended Yes
1926.1129 Coke Ovens Yes Recommended Yes
1926.1144 1, 2-dibromo-3- Yes Yes Yes
chloropropane
1926.1145 Acrylonitrile Yes Yes Yes
1926.1147 Ethylene Oxide Yes Yes Yes
1926.1148 Formaldehyde Yes Yes Yes
George Kunz and Mike Marr prepared this document for the OSHA Recordkeeping Class.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10 - 23
11
CASE STUDIES
You are the new safety director at the XYZ Company employing 75 people. The president
has hired you to monitor the safety and health programs at the facility because their
workers’ compensation has doubled in the last two years. What are some of the issues that
need to be addressed and how would you handle them?
While surveying the production floor you notice some employees wearing PPE (personal
protective equipment) and others who are not. What types of questions should you ask the
line and staff personnel?
You have compiled the information the president asked for but she says that the company
“just cannot afford” to implement all these programs at once. What do you do?
11 - 1
List of Acronyms
AI Accident Investigation
ERGO Ergonomics
IH Industrial Hygienist
11 - 2
NEC National Electrical Code
WC Workers’ Compensation
11 - 3
ORDERING OSHA STANDARDS
OSHA Standards are available through the Government Printing Office (GPO).
GPO accepts prepayment by MasterCard, VISA, Discover Card, American Express, and
GPO Deposit Account, as well as by check or money order. Make checks payable to
“Superintendent of Documents”.
____________________________________________________________________
11 - 4
HOW TO ORDER
OSHA 300 / 300A / 301 FORMS
OSHA 300 (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses), and OSHA 300A (Summary of
Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses), and OSHA 301 (Injury and Illness Incident Report)
can be obtained at no cost from any OSHA office. Or they can be obtained by mail. Mail
your request to:
Forms and instructions are also available on the OSHA web site (www.OSHA.gov) and can
be downloaded to your printer.
____________________________________________________________________
11 - 5
OSHA Publications Order Form
For a single, free copy, please circle the publication(s) desired, and mail form to address
at bottom of form.
Number Name
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
11 - 6
BULLETIN BOARD POSTERS REQUIRED FOR OHIO EMPLOYERS
BY STATE REGULATIONS
A packet of these posters can be obtained from:
Ohio Bureau of Job & Family Services
Bureau of Civil Rights
145 South Front Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215
(614) 644-2703
POSTER
Ohio Minimum Wage Law
Only employers whose annual gross volume of safes is $150,000 or more and who are not covered by the
federal Fair Labor Standards Act must post a summary of Ohio Minimum Fair Wage Standards Law
Poster: http://www.dol/gov/dol/esa/public/regs/compliance/posters/flsa.htm
More info: http://wagehour.bes.state.oh.us/
____________________________________________________________________
11 - 7
BULLETIN BOARD POSTERS REQUIRED FOR OHIO EMPLOYERS
BY FEDERAL REGULATIONS
These posters can be obtained from:
US Dept. of Labor
200 N. High Street, Room 646
Columbus, Ohio 43215
(614) 469-5677
POSTER
Fair Labor Standards Act
Covers all retail employers engaged in interstate commerce with gross annual sales of $362,500 and over.
Non-retail employers are generally covered when sales exceed $250,000. Poster covers minimum wage,
overtime pay, equal pay for equal work, child labor, students, apprentices, and handicapped workers.
Web: http://www.dol.gov/dol/esa/public/regs/compliance/posters/flsa.htm
____________________________________________________________________
11 - 8
SELF-INSPECTION CHECKLIST
The next 14 pages are from the OSHA Handbook for Small Businesses (publication
#2209) (Revised 1996).
As noted, they are in the public domain, so you may copy them as needed in your
workplace. Source credit is requested but not required.
____________________________________________________________________
11 - 9
Self-Inspection Checklists
These checklists are by no means all-inclusive. You should add to them or delete portions or
items that do not apply to your operations; however, carefully consider each item as you
come to it and then make your decision. You will also need to refer to OSHA standards for
complete and specific standards that may apply to your situation. (NOTE: These checklists
are typical for general industry but not for construction or maritime.)
Is one person clearly responsible for the overall activities of the safety and health
program?
Do you have a working procedure for handling in-house employee complaints regarding
safety and health?
Are you keeping your employees advised of the successful effort and accomplishments
you and/or your safety committee have made in assuring they will have a workplace that
is safe and healthful?
Have you considered incentives for employees or workgroups who have excelled in
reducing workplace injuries/illnesses?
If hazards or the likelihood of hazards are found, are employers selecting and having
affected employees use properly fitted personal protective equipment suitable for
protection from these hazards?
Are protective goggles or face shields provided and worn where there is any danger of
flying particles or corrosive materials?
Are approved safety glasses required to be worn at all times in areas where there is a
risk of eye injuries such as punctures, abrasions, contusions or burns?
Are protective gloves, aprons, shields, or other means provided and required where
employees could be cut or where there is reasonably anticipated exposure to corrosive
liquids, chemicals, blood, or other potentially infectious materials? See 29 CFR
1910.1030(b) for the definition of "other potentially infectious materials."
Are hard hats provided and worn where danger of falling objects exists?
Are hard hats inspected periodically for damage to the shell and suspension system?
Is appropriate foot protection required where there is the risk of foot injuries from hot,
corrosive, or poisonous substances, falling objects, crushing or penetrating actions?
Are approved respirators provided for regular or emergency use where needed?
Is all protective equipment maintained in a sanitary condition and ready for use?
Do you have eye wash facilities and a quick drench shower within the work area where
employees are exposed to injurious corrosive materials? Where special equipment is
needed for electrical workers, is it available?
Where food or beverages are consumed on the premises, are they consumed in areas
where there is no exposure to toxic material, blood, or other potentially infectious
materials?
Is protection against the effects of occupational noise exposure provided when sound
levels exceed those of the OSHA noise standard?
Are adequate work procedures, protective clothing and equipment provided and used
when cleaning up spilled toxic or otherwise hazardous materials or liquids?
Are approved containers and tanks used for the storage and handling of flammable and
combustible liquids?
Are all connections on drums and combustible liquid piping, vapor and liquid tight?
Are all flammable liquids kept in closed containers when not in use (for example, parts
cleaning tanks, pans, etc.)?
Are bulk drums of flammable liquids grounded and bonded to containers during
dispensing?
Do storage rooms for flammable and combustible liquids have explosion-proof lights?
Do storage rooms for flammable and combustible liquids have mechanical or gravity
ventilation?
Is liquefied petroleum gas stored, handled, and used in accordance with safe practices
and standards?
Are liquefied petroleum storage tanks guarded to prevent damage from vehicles?
Are all solvent wastes and flammable liquids kept in fire-resistant, covered containers
until they are removed from the worksite?
Are fuel gas cylinders and oxygen cylinders separated by distance, and fire-resistant
barriers, while in storage?
Are fire extinguishers selected and provided for the types of materials in areas where
they are to be used?
Are appropriate fire extinguishers mounted within 75 feet of outside areas containing
flammable liquids, and within 10 feet of any inside storage area for such materials?
Are all extinguishers serviced, maintained and tagged at intervals not to exceed 1 year?
Where sprinkler systems are permanently installed, are the nozzle heads so directed or
arranged that water will not be sprayed into operating electrical switch boards and
equipment?
Are "NO SMOKING" signs posted where appropriate in areas where flammable or
combustible materials are used or stored?
Are safety cans used for dispensing flammable or combustible liquids at a point of use?
Are storage tanks adequately vented to prevent the development of excessive vacuum or
pressure as a result of filling, emptying, or atmosphere temperature changes?
Are storage tanks equipped with emergency venting that will relieve excessive internal
pressure caused by fire exposure?
Are "NO SMOKING" rules enforced in areas involving storage and use of hazardous
materials?
Are hand tools such as chisels and punches, which develop mushroomed heads during
use, reconditioned or replaced as necessary?
Are broken or fractured handles on hammers, axes and similar equipment replaced
promptly?
Are appropriate safety glasses, face shields, etc. used while using hand tools or
equipment which might produce flying materials or be subject to breakage?
Are jacks checked periodically to ensure they are in good operating condition?
Are tool cutting edges kept sharp so the tool will move smoothly without binding or
skipping?
Are tools stored in dry, secure locations where they won't be tampered with?
Is eye and face protection used when driving hardened or tempered spuds or nails?
Are power tools used with the correct shield, guard, or attachment, recommended by the
manufacturer?
Are portable circular saws equipped with guards above and below the base shoe? Are
circular saw guards checked to assure they are not wedged up, thus leaving the lower
portion of the blade unguarded?
Are all cord-connected, electrically operated tools and equipment effectively grounded
or of the approved double insulated type?
Are effective guards in place over belts, pulleys, chains, sprockets, on equipment such
as concrete mixers, and air compressors?
Are portable fans provided with full guards or screens having openings 1⁄2 inch or less?
Is hoisting equipment available and used for lifting heavy objects, and are hoist ratings
and characteristics appropriate for the task?
Are pneumatic and hydraulic hoses on power operated tools checked regularly for
deterioration or damage?
Powder-Actuated Tools
Are employees who operate powder-actuated tools trained in their use and carry a valid
operator's card?
Is a sign at least 7 inches by 10 inches with bold face type reading "POWDER-
ACTUATED TOOL IN USE" conspicuously posted when the tool is being used?
Are powder-actuated tools left unloaded until they are actually ready to be used?
Are powder-actuated tools inspected for obstructions or defects each day before use?
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURES
Is all machinery or equipment capable of movement, required to be de-energized or
disengaged and locked-out during cleaning, servicing, adjusting or setting up
operations, whenever required?
Where the power disconnecting means for equipment does not also disconnect the
electrical control circuit:
Is means provided to assure the control circuit can also be disconnected and
locked-out?
Are all equipment control valve handles provided with a means for locking-out?
Does the lock-out procedure require that stored energy (mechanical, hydraulic, air, etc.)
be released or blocked before equipment is locked-out for repairs?
Are appropriate employees provided with individually keyed personal safety locks?
Are employees required to keep personal control of their key(s) while they have safety
locks in use?
Is it required that only the employee exposed to the hazard, place or remove the safety
lock?
Is it required that employees check the safety of the lock-out by attempting a startup
after making sure no one is exposed?
Are employees instructed to always push the control circuit stop button immediately
after checking the safety of the lock-out?
Are a sufficient number of accident preventive signs or tags and safety padlocks
provided for any reasonably foreseeable repair emergency?
When machine operations, configuration or size requires the operator to leave his or her
control station to install tools or perform other operations, and that part of the machine
could move if accidentally activated, is such element required to be separately locked or
blocked out?
In the event that equipment or lines cannot be shut down, locked-out and tagged, is a
safe job procedure established and rigidly followed?
CONFINED SPACES
Are confined spaces thoroughly emptied of any corrosive or hazardous substances, such
as acids or caustics, before entry?
Are all lines to a confined space, containing inert, toxic, flammable, or corrosive
materials valved off and blanked or disconnected and separated before entry?
Are all impellers, agitators, or other moving parts and equipment inside confined spaces
locked-out if they present a hazard?
Are appropriate atmospheric tests performed to check for oxygen deficiency, toxic
substances and explosive concentrations in the confined space before entry?
Is adequate illumination provided for the work to be performed in the confined space?
Is the atmosphere inside the confined space frequently tested or continuously monitored
during conduct of work? Is there an assigned safety standby employee outside of the
confined space. when required, whose sole responsibility is to watch the work in
progress, sound an alarm if necessary, and render assistance?
Is the standby employee or other employees prohibited from entering the confined space
without lifelines and respiratory equipment if there is any question as to the cause of an
emergency?
Is approved respiratory equipment required if the atmosphere inside the confined space
cannot be made acceptable
Is all portable electrical equipment used inside confined spaces either grounded and
insulated, or equipped with ground fault protection?
Is each confined space checked for decaying vegetation or animal matter which may
produce methane?
Is the confined space checked for possible industrial waste which could contain toxic
properties?
If the confined space is below the ground and near areas where motor vehicles will be
operating, is it possible for vehicle exhaust or carbon monoxide to enter the space?
ELECTRICAL
Do you specify compliance with OSHA for all contract electrical work?
Are all employees required to report as soon as practicable any obvious hazard to life or
property observed in connection with electrical equipment or lines?
Are portable electrical tools and equipment grounded or of the double insulated type?
Are electrical appliances such as vacuum cleaners, polishers, and vending machines
grounded?
Do you have electrical installations in hazardous dust or vapor areas? If so, do they
meet the National Electrical Code (NEC) for hazardous locations?
Is exposed wiring and cords with frayed or deteriorated insulation repaired or replaced
promptly?
Are clamps or other securing means provided on flexible cords or cables at plugs,
receptacles, tools, equipment, etc., and is the cord jacket securely held in place? Are all
cord, cable and raceway connections intact and secure?
In wet or damp locations, are electrical tools and equipment appropriate for the use or
location or otherwise protected?
Is the location of electrical power lines and cables (overhead, underground, underfloor,
other side of walls) determined before digging, drilling or similar work is begun?
Are metal measuring tapes, ropes, handlines or similar devices with metallic thread
woven into the fabric prohibited where they could come in contact with energized parts
of equipment or circuit conductors?
Is the use of metal ladders prohibited in areas where the ladder or the person using the
ladder could come in contact with energized parts of equipment, fixtures or circuit
conductors?
Are all disconnecting switches and circuit breakers labeled to indicate their use or
equipment served?
Do all interior wiring systems include provisions for grounding metal parts of electrical
raceways, equipment and enclosures?
Are all energized parts of electrical circuits and equipment guarded against accidental
contact by approved cabinets or enclosures?
Is sufficient access and working space provided and maintained about all electrical
equipment to permit ready and safe operations and maintenance?
Are all unused openings (including conduit knockouts) in electrical enclosures and
fittings closed with appropriate covers, plugs or plates?
Are electrical enclosures such as switches, receptacles, and junction boxes, provided
with tightfitting covers or plates?
Is each motor disconnecting switch or circuit breaker located within sight of the motor
control device?
Is each motor located within sight of its controller or the controller disconnecting means
capable of being locked in the open position or is a separate disconnecting means
installed in the circuit within sight of the motor?
Is the controller for each motor in excess of two horsepower, rated in horsepower equal
to or in excess of the rating of the motor it serves?
Are employees who regularly work on or around energized electrical equipment or lines
instructed in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) methods?
Are employees prohibited from working alone on energized lines or equipment over
600 volts?
WALKING-WORKING SURFACES
Are work surfaces kept dry or is appropriate means taken to assure the surfaces are slip-
resistant?
Are all spilled hazardous materials or liquids, including blood and other potentially
infectious materials, cleaned up immediately and according to proper procedures?
Is combustible scrap, debris and waste stored safely and removed from the worksite
properly?
Is combustible dust cleaned up with a vacuum system to prevent the dust from going
into suspension?
Are covered metal waste cans used for oily and paint-soaked waste?
Walkways
Are aisles and passageways kept clear?
Are holes in the floor, sidewalk or other walking surface repaired properly, covered or
otherwise made safe?
Is there safe clearance for walking in aisles where motorized or mechanical handling
equipment is operating?
Are materials or equipment stored in such a way that sharp projectives will not interfere
with the walkway?
Are aisles or walkways that pass near moving or operating machinery, welding
operations or similar operations arranged so employees will not be subjected to
potential hazards?
Is adequate headroom provided for the entire length of any aisle or walkway?
Are standard guardrails provided wherever aisle or walkway surfaces are elevated more
than 30 inches above any adjacent floor or the ground?
Are toeboards installed around the edges of permanent floor openings (where persons
may pass below the opening)?
Are skylight screens of such construction and mounting that they will withstand a load
of at least 200 pounds?
Are grates or similar type covers over floor openings such as floor drains of such design
that foot traffic or rolling equipment will not be affected by the grate spacing?
Are unused portions of service pits and pits not actually in use either covered or
protected by guardrails or equivalent?
Are manhole covers, trench covers and similar covers, plus their supports designed to
carry a truck rear axle load of at least 20,000 pounds when located in roadways and
subject to vehicle traffic?
Are floor or wall openings in fire resistive construction provided with doors or covers
compatible with the fire rating of the structure and provided with a self-closing feature
when appropriate?
Do stairs have landing platforms not less than 30 inches in the direction of travel and
extend 22 inches in width at every 12 feet or less of vertical rise?
Are steps on stairs and stairways designed or provided with a surface that renders them
slip resistant?
Are stairway handrails located between 30 and 34 inches above the leading edge of stair
treads?
Do stairway handrails have at least 3 inches of clearance between the handrails and the
wall or surface they are mounted on?
Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, is there a platform provided so the
swing of the door does not reduce the width of the platform to less than 21 inches?
Where stairs or stairways exit directly into any area where vehicles may be operated, are
adequate barriers and warnings provided to prevent employees stepping into the path of
traffic?
Elevated Surfaces
Are surfaces elevated more than 30 inches above the floor or ground provided with
standard guardrails?
Are all elevated surfaces (beneath which people or machinery could be exposed to
falling objects) provided with standard 4-inch toeboards?
Is a permanent means of access and egress provided to elevated storage and work
surfaces?
Are dock boards or bridge plates used when transferring materials between docks and
trucks or rail cars?
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Is there a list of hazardous substances used in your workplace?
Is there a written hazard communication program dealing with Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS), labeling, and employee training?
Is each container for a hazardous substance (i.e., vats, bottles, storage tanks, etc.)
labeled with product identity and a hazard warning (communication of the specific
health hazards and physical hazards)?
Is there a Material Safety Data Sheet readily available for each hazardous substance
used?
The physical and health hazards of substances in the work area, and specific
protective measures to be used?
How to use work practice and engineering controls and personal protective
equipment and to know their limitations?
How to obtain information on the types selection, proper use, location, removal
handling, decontamination, and disposal of personal protective equipment?
Requests for copies of OSHA standards, information on starting a safety committee, a video on accident
investigation techniques -- these are some of the thousands of inquiries BWC’s Division of Safety &
Hygiene (DSH) libraries receive each year.
Both libraries are open 8 a.m. to 4:45 p.m., Monday through Friday. Your need for information does not
require a visit to the library. You can phone, fax, or e-mail your requests and receive a quick response.
The central library provides free information services on the topics of occupational safety and health,
workers’ compensation and rehabilitation.
The OCOSH resource center provides similar services for those who visit OCOSH for meetings and
training center classes.
The video library offers an extensive collection of videotapes to supplement your organization’s safety
and health training program. It is a convenient and popular source for Ohio employers to borrow quality
occupational safety- and health-related training aids.
Central library
30 W. Spring St., Third Floor
Columbus OH 43215-2256
1-800-OHIOBWC
(614) 466-7388
(614) 644-9634 (fax)
library@bwc.state.oh.us
_________________________________________________________________________________
11-24
Resources Available from the Division of Safety & Hygiene (DSH) Libraries
(800) 644-6292 (614) 466-7388
library@bwc.state.oh.us
www.ohiobwc.com
Safety training:
• Safety talks, outlines and scripts - DSH Safety leader’s discussion guide, Training
Center’s One-hour safety presentations, reference books, web resources
• Videos – hundreds of safety and health topics
• Books and articles on training techniques
Safety standards
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards (including standards for
construction, machinery and equipment, personal protective equipment)
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) fire codes (including the Life Safety Code
and the National Electrical Code)
• Compressed Gas Association (CGA) standards
BWC publications
_________________________________________________________________________________
11-25
INTERNET WEB SITES
FOR
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH INFORMATION
April 2005
GENERAL
The NSC has a user friendly web site for innovative and current information on
home, farm and community, on the road and workplace safety and as well
statistical data and charts.
For workplace safety, North Dakota’s WSI site puts forth their “safe operating
procedures” page where they give information on accident and near miss reports,
substance abuse, material handling and storage, walking and working surfaces,
and safety program development and orientation.
The Department of Environmental Health & Safety at OSU offers an online safety
resource library that is constantly being updated with topics from A-Z including
specific areas of safety such as fire, construction, HAZCOM and training. Go to
the "Links Library" option.
SAFETY DIRECTORY
http://www.safetydirectory.com/
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
_________________________________________________________________________________
11-26
2
The CDC is always a good resource for current medical issues throughout the
United States. Health topics from A-Z give an in-depth look at most
communicable diseases as well as topics such as safe driving, violence, and air
pollution, and workplace safety and health topics.
NIOSH’s web site provides current information on many services as well as safety
research, including ergonomics programs, respirators, and mining safety. At the
chemical page you will find databases and other helpful resources, information
on personal protective equipment, as well as government agency web sites of
interest.
OSHA’S official web site includes media releases, online publications, statistics,
standards & directives, “Technical Links,” training center courses, “hot topics,”
and “what’s new” as well a very useful A-Z index page.
INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES
The United Kingdom has an international safety web site with a good deal to offer
on occupational safety & health. Drop down boxes offer A-Z industry
information, health and safety topics, tools, research, as well as publications and
statistics.
ERGNET
http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~ts0gli/ergnet.htm
OHIO
_________________________________________________________________________________
OHIO EPA (OEPA)
11-27
3
http://www.epa.state.oh.us
At the official web site for Ohio’s Environmental Protection Agency; use the
“Topic Index” to find regulations and information on permits, hazardous waste,
pollution prevention, wastewater, wetlands, and much more.
At OhioLink, a statewide library and information network, you can search the
State Library of Ohio’s collection for the BWC’s Division of Safety & Hygiene
library books as well as other Ohio College and university library collections. Also
available at this web site are searchable versions of Ohio Administrative laws and
rules, electronic databases, and other Ohio library directories.
CONSTRUCTION
http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/index.html
ERGONOMICS
http://www.ergoweb.com
LABORATORY SAFETY
http://safety.science.tamu.edu/
Texas A&M University College of Science is an optional choice for safety in the
laboratory information. From hazard identification to waste disposal this web
site offers thorough coverage of laboratory safe practices.
This web site offers many solutions for finding MSDS (100 free sites) as well as
chemical manufacturers and suppliers, pesticides including fertilizers,
government sites, and other miscellaneous locations for chemical data. Also
check any toxicological effects at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/ and
health and safety information on household chemical ingredients at
http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/.
RADIATION
http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/
The Radiation Information Network offers a web site that is in-depth with
information on radiation topics and issues. In addition to what’s new in the field
and general information there are regulatory, organizational and society links as
well as research and educational resources available to access.
SAFETY STATISTICS
http://stats.bls.gov/
_________________________________________________________________________________
11-29
12
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Fundamentals of an
Effective Safety &
Health Program
Presentation Slides - 1
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Hidden Costs of
Injuries
What is a
“Safety Culture”?
Presentation Slides - 2
Tradition Safety vs Safety
Culture
Traditional Safety Safety Culture
Compliance focused Values focused
Enforced by mgmt. Exemplified by mgmt.
Punish unsafe Positive reinforcement
behavior of safe behavior
Top down decisions Shared decisions
Dictate policy/ Delegate & empower
procedures
Differences Between:
Safety & Hygiene and OSHA
10-STEP
BUSINESS PLAN
for
Accident Prevention
and Cost Reduction
072596GG
Presentation Slides - 3
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Presentation Slides - 4
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Step 2: Employee
Involvement &
Recognition
•What does your organization do
now?
Step 2: Employee
Involvement & Recognition
Employee Involvement
Ø Labor / management safety teams
Step 2: Employee
Involvement & Recognition
Recognition Opportunities
Ø Establish program to recognize employees
Presentation Slides - 5
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Presentation Slides - 6
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Step 4: Communication
Communication includes:
Ø Quarterly written and/or verbal feedback to all
employees
Ø Upward and downward communication systems
Ø Tools for communication (memos, bulletin
boards)
Step 4: Communication
Implementation
Ø Two-way street
Ø Bottom-up communication a must
Ø Employees share ideas and concerns
Ø Input in problem-solving
Ø Use appropriate languages
Ø Open, honest and trusting communication
Step 4: Communication
Enhancing Communication Process
Ø Discussion method
Ø Informal method
Ø Suggestions
Ø Safety meetings
Ø Written communication
Ø Postings
Presentation Slides - 7
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Ø Internal reporting
Ø External reporting
Ø Benefits of early reporting
Presentation Slides - 8
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Steps 7 & 8
Presentation Slides - 9
Division of Safety & Hygiene
What type of
training is
required to protect
employees?
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Written Program
t Responsibilities
t Labeling
t MSDS’s
t Training
t Inventory
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Employee Training
t Who needs training
t Topics to cover
Contractors
Presentation Slides - 10
Division of Safety & Hygiene
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT
Written Program
Employee Training
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Hierarchy of controls
Performance standards
OSHA standards
Program elements
Training
EMERGENCY ACTION /
RESPONSE PLANS
Action Plan
J Plan Elements
J Employee Training
Response Plan
J Plan Elements
J Employee Training
Presentation Slides - 11
Division of Safety & Hygiene
HEARING CONSERVATION
Program Elements
t Monitoring
t 85 dBA vs 90 dBA
t Audiometric Testing
t Record Keeping
t Employee Training
POWERED INDUSTRIAL
TRUCKS
Written Program
Employee Training
Instructor Requirements
Refresher Training
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Written Program
t Workplace Monitoring
t SOPs for selection/use
t Employee Training
t Medical Surveillance
Employee Training
Presentation Slides - 12
Division of Safety & Hygiene
ERGONOMICS
Principles
No OSHA Standard
Ergonomic Disorders
FIRST AID
OSHA Requirement
Written Program
Training & Equipment
Recordkeeping
Emergency Eye Washes/Showers
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
• OSHA Requirement
• Written Exposure
Control Plan
• Employee Training
Presentation Slides - 13
Division of Safety & Hygiene
CONFINED SPACE
• Difference Between
t Confined Space
t Permit Required Space
• Workplace Evaluation
• Written Program
• Contractors
• Employee Training
Accident Investigation
•Recordkeeping
•Procedures
•Notification Procedures
REVIEW
Hazard Communication
Lockout/Tagout
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Emergency Action/Response Plans
Hearing Conservation
Powered Industrial Trucks
Presentation Slides - 14
Division of Safety & Hygiene
REVIEW (Continued)
Respiratory Protection
Ergonomics
First Aid
Bloodborne Pathogens
Confined Spaces
Accident Investigation
Services offered by
Safety & Hygiene
• On-Site Consulting • Publications
• Training Center • All Ohio Safety & Health
• Libraries Congress
•OCOSH
•Video
Presentation Slides - 15
Division of Safety & Hygiene
Ø Purpose
Ø Caution
Ø Techniques
Ø Examples
Course REVIEW
Why have a safety process
Hidden costs of injuries
Safety culture
10-Step Business Plan
Presentation Slides - 16