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Fearing the attack of this malevolent spirit, people abandoned the unlucky individuals infected with
the disease. His viewpoint might be seen to imply the gradually changing face of Shirogane, where
the quiet residential site of a samurai family’s villa is transformed by the construction of a university.
This kind of image cannot be found in either English or Romanian proverbs. She represents women’s
corporeality by taking up elements that are being purported as being characteristic of the female
body or of the devaluation of it. But from a cultural perspective, most of them have not arisen solely
as forms of entertainment. The second ritual was devised by monks of the competing Jimon lineage,
as a counterpoise to the shijokoho. At present, netsuke are still produced as decorative art sculptures
for collecting. This is typically seen in the case of the practice designated nenbutsu ?? (Ch. nienfo ).
It was developed from its Chinese prototype in an original way in Japan, and was associated with
different types of ritual for the dead. A group of folkloric nenbutsu rituals transmitted in Yamanashi
prefecture use male vocalisation for the purpose of purifying a newly deceased person, while female
vocalization as an agency to pacify and ease those who had died earlier. During the 20th century,
changes occurred in the traditional repertoire of netsuke. The problems faced by the “translation”
process (be it between classical and modern language, or between two different systems of
expression, i.e. text and image) include, on the one hand, the difficulties of transposing old Japanese
into modern Japanese, in order to make the novel accessible to a larger number of readers. Konaki
sumo (crying children’s fight), a rite that uses the power of the child’s cries, is said to be able to save
children from any illness, showing that these rituals also have meaning as a method of harnessing
supernatural powers. Subsequently, the female characters are placed outside the social system or at
its periphery. It will then explore the role that these rituals played in the process of political
legitimation of Buddhist lineages, as well as the sectarian agendas that affected their differentiation
and performance. For comparison, I am planning to bring up Nitobe’s Bushido, as Tenshin criticizes
in his work the tendency of the West to appreciate Japan’s “art of death”, as he calls bushido, instead
of paying more attention to Teaism, which he considers to be “the art of life”. Thus Grecian myth is
reworked to undermine the concept of male and female identity, conveying a disturbing image of
Japanese society. Semanticity is the constant and the defining feature of human language. It can be
said that the subconscious is the natural habitat of Murakami’s characters. After Genshin, the
nenbutsu movement developed in multiple directions: typically, the Pure Land masters advanced
devotion to the Buddha Amida through the practice of simply calling his name, and unordained
monks, hijiri, advocated faith in sacred places as entrances to the Pure Land. But the artistic beauty
of these miniature sculptures was highly appreciated by western collectors. According to the
principles of fighting, it is accepted that participants will be divided into two groups and they then
compete to decide a winner. She claims that textual meaning is the result of the interaction of sixteen
linguistic networks. In Japan, the kanji for its name (?) used to be painted on pillows as a protection
for sleepers (Brenda Rosen). Rai (lit. “the thunder animal”) was a legendary creature whose body is
composed of either lightning or fire and may be in the shape of a cat, tanuki, monkey, or weasel. I
have been studying it for a year now in the Belgium Urasenke school and had the chance to meet
teachers and students from all over Europe as well as from New York, Jordan and Hawaii. The ritual
was brought to Japan by Ennin and was performed initially in a hall constructed on purpose on Mt
Hiei. To remain “in-between” is one of his stubbornly observed principles in writing. Volume 2 has
only two stories with dragons, which means this picture must be for the 42nd or the 60th story. The
epidemic of 735 was carried to Tsukushi (Kyushu) by a fisherman of Silla, the ancient kingdom of
Korea. It is thus safe to assume the image of “school education” as presented in Takekurabe is one of
the main reasons why the novel was introduced in post-war textbooks, and considered educational
for young audiences. When hung on a special stand the kimono could serve as a changeable screen,
thus integrated in the interior decor.
While the reviews it received at the end of the 19th century were all excellent, it must be noted that
Takekurabe has only started to be regarded as a great example of literature for children 50 years after
publication, in the wake of the Second World War. These problems became a major political issue in
the climate of social and economic unrest of the 1920s, giving rise to heated debate on what
measures should be taken to redistribute the burden. This kind of image cannot be found in either
English or Romanian proverbs. Language can transmit stereotypes about race, professions, norms,
values, etc. I will be discussing a few ideas and share a few stories of the how and the why of Open
Source software projects to share content and its creation. During this festival, Sakaki sacred
branches are carried through the village at midnight, in complete darkness, so that nobody sees them,
because they are identified with the kami, and nobody should see the kami in person. There are three
ways in which popular map designs are adapted to porcelain dishes: one, characters are oriented in all
directions, inviting a circular reading of the design. It is much like the expat looking back at his
country of origin with a different cultural construct in mind. This enables us to reassess map dishes
as active elements in the thriving ideological discourse on nationhood at the end of Edo period.
Kibyoshi, known for their balanced blending of text and image, in many ways represented the best
medium for Kyoden to express both of these skills. In the manga and anime versions of “Fullmetal
Alchemist” as the result of a specific alchemic transmutation. The theme of death, and the pacifying,
or healing, of the dead was deep-rooted in the Japanese religious tradition. So relying on his father’s
money, he sets upon a true journey to get the reputation of a tsu. It is this discourse which the map
dishes draw upon, one which provides a visual concept to the emerging national consciousness of
Japan. As the narrative structure continuously shifts from the third-person objective narration to the
dreamlike world of the mythical subtext, and from past to present in Takayanagi’s stream of
consciousness, the distinction between reality and fiction is blurred. However, mainly during these
years, changes occur in the esthetical perception of netsuke works, which will influence the further
development of the artistic language of the Japanese miniatures. Kurahashi’s literary works, such as
Amanonkoku Okanki (Record of a Voyage to the Country of Amanon) and Hanhigeki (Anti-
tragedies), challenge the traditional concept of the novel by mixing together different literary genres,
and by reworking the themes of Grecian myths. We will refer to the original text and to its
translations into Romanian and English in order to see which of the networks become active in each
of these languages and how the activation of one or another of the networks may influence the final
result. I draw parallels between the physical and conceptual features of map dishes and
contemporary Mito Learning writings, a theme to be explored in further research. The situations
when one would use a proverb to make the ones around him or her laugh are very common. The cut-
in illustrations of “Kokonchomonjyu” (the Genroku 3 version) do not show a clear correspondence
with the context where they were inserted. The bi-dimensional centrality of maps on paper is
refashioned into a three-dimensional centrality. The innovative line of netsuke is characterized by the
enrichment of theme repertoire under the influence of dissemination of netsuke carving art outside
Japan. Therefore, I should clarify what scene of each cut-in illustration of “Kokonchomonjyu” (the
Genroku 3 version) represents. The reverently worshipped nigitama dwell on the mountains as spirits
of the ancestors and in spring they descend as gods of the fields to protect the crops. O Shokun), a
Han harem beauty married off to a barbarian leader in the first century BCE. In this study I would
like to focus on these two episodes, and at the same time inspect their related pictures, because
images have a potential of expression that cannot be rendered in words. However, what Tanizaki
tried to achieve by turning his gaze upon Japan’s premodernity is neither to merely use historical
places and events as background for his stories, nor to imitate the style of the Japanese classics. In
this presentation I shall introduce the “purification” rites performed by the men who play the demon
roles during the tsuina-shiki ceremony from Nagata Jinja, known as suigyo (literally, “water
practice”), a term identical with the one used by priests from the Nichiren Sect to indicate the
harshest trial of their ascetic term: the daily ablutions. In China it was believed that sleeping on a
Baku pelt could protect a person from pestilence and its image was a powerful talisman against the
evil.
It is my intention today to discuss the development of the ghost motifs and themes, as well as the
evolution in the ghost imagery along centuries in Japanese culture. She represents women’s
corporeality by taking up elements that are being purported as being characteristic of the female
body or of the devaluation of it. It is much like the expat looking back at his country of origin with a
different cultural construct in mind. Second, I will introduce some of the pioneering practices carried
out by the third sector. In order to play his role convincingly, he decides to go back to Shirogane and
look for Omachi, the girl who had left such a deep impression on his heart. Finally, I will look at
Asano Akira’s translation published in the post war period (1956). What I refer to as reverse culture
shock helps strip away layers of subjectivity we do not even see putting into our educational content.
Fire establishes a connection between the known world, inhabited by living humans, and the world
of spirits and things passed. Nanpo also praised Kyoden’s kibyoshi, Gozonji no shobaimono ?????,
which the author had illustrated under his artistic pseudonym, and cited both text and illustrations
for their excellence. This kind of image cannot be found in either English or Romanian proverbs. The
key factors to exert the most influence on the design involved a wide spread of Zen practices and the
establishment of the samurai ethic code exemplifying discipline, austerity and honor as the samurai’s
primary merits. The majority of these landscapes function symbolically as realms of the
subconscious, where the ultimate source of the self is rooted. As sites for acquiring advanced western
learning and culture, many colleges had been built, since the beginning of the Meiji period, in the
western style, so in that sense there is nothing particularly new or remarkable about the structure of
the University of the Sacred Heart. Actually the publication of Edward Jenner (1749-1823), An
Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of The Variolae Vaccinae. The semantic-functional possibilities
of language are reflected in the relations between signs that are found inside the text and their
evocative functions. Despite its historical importance, Taimitsu remains largely unknown to scholars,
including those of Japanese Buddhism. To remain “in-between” is one of his stubbornly observed
principles in writing. It is thus safe to assume the image of “school education” as presented in
Takekurabe is one of the main reasons why the novel was introduced in post-war textbooks, and
considered educational for young audiences. The balanced flexibility of vocal performances involves
the audience with the ritual and consequently with the dynamic process of continuously recreating
the relationship. Looking at other fields and the models discussed there can lead to insights in our
own fields. Nowadays it is accepted that netsuke are only the sculptures which have holes-
himotoshi for cord, devoid of fragile and sharp details, having the size of a small pendant or button.
She also analyzes the subjectification of women within the phallocentric system of the patriarchal
Japanese society and in my presentation I analyze how the oppression of women by men is being
projected on the female body. If they are not in school or in a work place, they do not have any
place to go. In conclusion, the paper will attempt a comprehensive assessment of fiscal policy in the
period in question, pointing at the signs of integration of the masses into the political process, but
also at the limits of this change and their consequences on Japan’s institutional order. Winged
Chimeras form one of the most important groups within the domain of the tomb sculpture and hold a
key position in early Chinese animal sculpture (Barry Till). Besides, the second picture (which
follows this one) refers to the same story, because it also depicts the scene of a battle. When hung on
a special stand the kimono could serve as a changeable screen, thus integrated in the interior decor.
During this festival, Sakaki sacred branches are carried through the village at midnight, in complete
darkness, so that nobody sees them, because they are identified with the kami, and nobody should
see the kami in person. It was endemic worldwide and periodically erupted in lethal epidemics.
Representations of this myth can still be observed in modern-day kagura performances.
The multilayer, loosely descending raiment gave way to a sharply outlined silhouette due to the tight
wrapping of the kimono round the figure. It will then explore the role that these rituals played in the
process of political legitimation of Buddhist lineages, as well as the sectarian agendas that affected
their differentiation and performance. In the 20th century, netsuke lost their functional capacity.
Through this approach I believe I can pursue a better understanding of the way the Japanese people
perceive the world and I can observe the way in which we can have a better intercultural
communication. Enchi demolishes the myth of the perfect female body and breaks taboos by raising
issues related to it that have not been accepted previously within the literary tradition. This is
typically seen in the case of the practice designated nenbutsu ?? (Ch. nienfo ). It was developed from
its Chinese prototype in an original way in Japan, and was associated with different types of ritual for
the dead. On all three occasions, fire appears as an extremely potent element, able to both bring
something of the sacred into this world and to open the gates to the other. Examining the mutual
relationships between these two ways of expression, I intend to pursue the true meaning of the
Japanese tales of Buddha. What was, then, Tanizaki’s purpose when introducing “the taste” for the
classical history, language and literature in his works. What I refer to as reverse culture shock helps
strip away layers of subjectivity we do not even see putting into our educational content. This
perspective comes from a Canadian living in Japan, dealing with a very dominant American
influence. In the harbor of Osaka, on one of the 170 ships, three men were infected by cowpox.
Subsequently, the female characters are placed outside the social system or at its periphery.
Kurahashi’s literary works, such as Amanonkoku Okanki (Record of a Voyage to the Country of
Amanon) and Hanhigeki (Anti-tragedies), challenge the traditional concept of the novel by mixing
together different literary genres, and by reworking the themes of Grecian myths. Lastly, I shall
discuss the implications these findings can have for research on language variation and language
change. Through the detailed analysis of the images of the actual places and buildings described in
the novel, I will attempt to clarify the way Kyoka articulated the consciousness of the people living
in these changing spaces and went on to create a unique world of his own. It is my intention here to
focus on fire and water not as instruments in symbolical (and superficial) rituals whose original
meaning and intent have been long forgotten, but as powerful elements, which still inflict a
considerable amount of pain on the practitioners and thus facilitate if not their entrance to, at least
their communication with a different world. On the one hand this period means a depression in the
development of new ideas in netsuke and a sharp decrease in the quality of carving work. The bi-
dimensional centrality of maps on paper is refashioned into a three-dimensional centrality. In the
interaction of P and the inhabitants of Amanon or, in other words, in the encounter between the
Grecian hero and the Amazons, the difference between male and female points of view is increased
by a strong gap in their respective linguistic and cultural codes, which gives rise to several
misunderstandings. During the 20th century, changes occurred in the traditional repertoire of
netsuke. This is how the story ends; Yogoro’s character is based on an actual person, and A Map of
Shirogane has been so far analyzed mainly as an “artist’s novel”, with critics laying emphasis on
Yogoro’s desire to perfect his skill as an actor. CALL FOR PAPERS: “Japan: Premodern, Modern
and Contemporary”, 1-3 September 2023. It also changed the scale of buildings (high-rise), added
new architectural programs and modified the existing ones. In Japan, these tales gave birth in the
15th century to a work called Shaka no honji, which belongs to the category of the Otogizoshi, and
which inspired a great number of picture books and scrolls until the 19th century. These movements
brought about the development of various types of rituals and performing arts centring on the
chanting the Buddha’s name, that were enacted for the purpose of easing the dead. I will be
discussing a few ideas and share a few stories of the how and the why of Open Source software
projects to share content and its creation. Development of the new lines took place parallel to the
traditional lines, but they have not benefitted from as wide a distribution as the traditional ones.
Thanks to them, netsuke was transformed from crafted functional work to a subject of fine art. In
the contemporary world, Japanese miniature plastic is not the frozen art of a past epoch, but a living,
developing phenomenon, which responds to the requirements and tastes of the time.
It is a working hypothesis for my study that play elements also affect the way Japanese speakers
communicate to a very strong degree. On the left side, there is a big tree, and the warrior is in the
tree. During the 20th century, changes occurred in the traditional repertoire of netsuke. By doing so,
she criticized the persistence of values belonging to the patriarchal system that preserve the idea of
gender difference to the detriment of women. In an attempt to shed some light on this matter, I shall
discuss the significance and the role played by the above-mentioned elements in Japanese tradition,
focusing on five specific examples. In addition, the Japanese folklore has also produced examples of
such an imaginative hybridization: Nue, Baku, Rai, etc. The changes in the body are interpreted as a
crisis or as aberrations or deviations from the norm rather than natural variations within a field. From
these actual performances, and methods of vocalisation above all, we can see that the basic function
of the chanting was to establish a close relationship between the dead and the living, and how the
efficacy of different types of vocalisation worked as a strategy for doing so. In order to play his role
convincingly, he decides to go back to Shirogane and look for Omachi, the girl who had left such a
deep impression on his heart. By confronting patriarchal values some of the characters come to
affirm their identity and free themselves from the constraints of patriarchy. The key factors to exert
the most influence on the design involved a wide spread of Zen practices and the establishment of
the samurai ethic code exemplifying discipline, austerity and honor as the samurai’s primary merits.
The cut-in illustrations of “Kokonchomonjyu” (the Genroku 3 version) do not show a clear
correspondence with the context where they were inserted. In this case it was the spirit of cowpox,
the hoso no kami. I believe this perspective could lead to very interesting ideas for truly new research
ideas in multiple fields. In the harbor of Osaka, on one of the 170 ships, three men were infected by
cowpox. This new trend in Tanizaki’s literature is usually attributed to the discovery, or re-discovery,
of the beauty of Japanese classics, triggered by his moving from Tokyo to the Kansai area, in the
wake of the Great Kanto Earthquake. A similar passage is found in Nihongi, which also includes a
passage in the record of Emperor Keiko that mentions the Sakaki of Mount Shitsu, while the record
of Emperor Chuai refers to a flourishing Sakaki. Especially, the University of the Sacred Heart,
which was built in the western architectural style in Shirogane, Tokyo, in 1910, can be said to play a
central part in the novel. Some analysis has been carried out of the initiation rituals into the practices
of the Womb and Diamond mandalas, which were part of the training of a Tantric specialist, and
today are much the same in the two Tantric schools. These have often been regarded as minor
liturgies, because their purpose is the attainment of immediate worldly benefits, rather than the
practitioner’s enlightenment, and in this sense they do not conform to the outcome prescribed by a
philosophical approach to Tantric practice. More importantly for the present paper, it also highlights
the authors’ innovations in unexpected ways, in particular with regard to the impact of Gonnokami’s
authorial interventions. “Shokun” comes to reveal a more sophisticated relationship to its literary
origins than has previously been appreciated. When she ravaged the Lycian country, Iobates sent
Bellerohon against her. The traditional line is revealed in the use of classical netsuke subjects from
the Tokugawa period, the compositions and techniques, the iconographic precision of the images and
traditional types of netsuke. The advertising campaigns of that time made a wide use of the
traditional Japanese clothing against the background of all possible contrivances of the Western
civilization. For instance, I will show you some examples of volume 2. A Disease Discovered in
Some of the Western Countries of England, Particularly Gloucestershire, and Known by the Name of
Cow Pox, in London in 1798 represents an important milestone for the control of this infectious
disease. It was not until the end of the 12th century when another monk returning from China, Eisai,
introduced the matcha drinking and brought tea seeds back with him. Development of the new lines
took place parallel to the traditional lines, but they have not benefitted from as wide a distribution as
the traditional ones. What I refer to as reverse culture shock helps strip away layers of subjectivity
we do not even see putting into our educational content.
Moreover, he asks his parents to disinherit him because all of these and he even attempts to commit a
love suicide ??with a courtesan that he paid. In order to play his role convincingly, he decides to go
back to Shirogane and look for Omachi, the girl who had left such a deep impression on his heart. In
the manga and anime versions of “Fullmetal Alchemist” as the result of a specific alchemic
transmutation. This perspective comes from a Canadian living in Japan, dealing with a very
dominant American influence. In the interaction of P and the inhabitants of Amanon or, in other
words, in the encounter between the Grecian hero and the Amazons, the difference between male
and female points of view is increased by a strong gap in their respective linguistic and cultural
codes, which gives rise to several misunderstandings. To do so, it will analyse, using a performative,
ethnomusicological and socio-historical approach, first, the deathbed ritual devised by Genshin,
second, the ceremony performed at Taimadera Temple in Nara representing Amida’s descent with his
retinue to the death scene, and third, some other folkloric nenbutsu rituals. The traditional line is
revealed in the use of classical netsuke subjects from the Tokugawa period, the compositions and
techniques, the iconographic precision of the images and traditional types of netsuke. My analysis
will shed light on the process of “self-examination” Japan had undertaken after the war, with some
of the problems it revealed, or, conversely, concealed. At the same time, in Japan, The Book of Tea
circulates widely as a bilingual book, to be used for the study of English, but also as an introduction
to “the heart of Japan”. What are the differences between each continent’s approach. Therefore, I
should clarify what scene of each cut-in illustration of “Kokonchomonjyu” (the Genroku 3 version)
represents. In my presentation, I will analyse the first translation of The Book of Tea by Muraoka
Hiroshi (1929), focusing on the meaning of the twenty-year gap between the publication of the book
in English and its introduction to Japan. The reverently worshipped nigitama dwell on the mountains
as spirits of the ancestors and in spring they descend as gods of the fields to protect the crops. In the
late 18th century only in Europe 400.000 people died annually. Rather, what is remarkable is the way
in which the old man gradually comes to see it as two overlapping images: as a western architectural
structure, and as an Inari (fox deity) torii, which had been a site of reverence since ancient times. It is
much like the expat looking back at his country of origin with a different cultural construct in mind.
When hung on a special stand the kimono could serve as a changeable screen, thus integrated in the
interior decor. But the artistic beauty of these miniature sculptures was highly appreciated by western
collectors. The beginning of the Showa period— the 1930s— is the moment when both the style and
the contents of Tanizaki’s works underwent the most dramatic change, and it is about this change
that I plan to talk in my present address. The bi-dimensional centrality of maps on paper is
refashioned into a three-dimensional centrality. However, a true connoisseur needs more than this, he
needs a reputation. The big tree on the left is a hackberry (enoki), the warrior in the tree being
Moriya, a defender of Shinto. This offers an insight that Buddhist traditions in Japan are far more
perfomative than is generally understood, and emphasises the critical role of the dead in powerfully
supporting the living. His architecture is characterized by the use of natural elements, light and
water, but also concrete as a pure part of construction which also enhances nature. These projected
versions of states of mind are full of potentialities, being favourable for revelations, epiphanies,
experiences of the numinous. In ancient Egypt the boat was the “vehicle” that enabled the Sun’s
journey across the sky, as well as the journey of the souls to the other world. By bringing the two
plays into dialogue with each other across linguistic or political borders, “Shokun” gains new depth
both as a single literary work and as a powerful example of strategies employed by peripheral authors
exploring the negotiations of a cultural center with the alien. Thus, the costume was meant to conceal
what is natural and emphasize what is socially acceptable and meaningful. In the fourth chapter, H
umor in proverbs, I wanted to see whether this is valid for Japanese proverbs as well. Actually the
publication of Edward Jenner (1749-1823), An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of The Variolae
Vaccinae.
In this presentation, therefore, I will select some of his wartime writings (including his controversial
pro-war poems) and think about his way of writing between the lines. The multilayer, loosely
descending raiment gave way to a sharply outlined silhouette due to the tight wrapping of the
kimono round the figure. This perspective comes from a Canadian living in Japan, dealing with a
very dominant American influence. In this study I would like to focus on these two episodes, and at
the same time inspect their related pictures, because images have a potential of expression that cannot
be rendered in words. A third sector, made up of non-profit organizations and foundations carries
out various youth work activities. The epidemic called sekikanso lasted for about 2 years and caused
high mortality. Local taxes were especially unfair, as the central government required lower
administrative levels to perform increasingly costly functions without releasing its control over the
most efficient fiscal resources. Their rejection is also a sign that a paradigm change is necessary in
the existing society. While describing the way children were traditionally divided into groups
according to what part of town they lived in, it also lays great emphasis on the way “school”
encourages new bonds to appear between them. It introduced a series of changes in the materials and
techniques of construction, with the appearance of concrete, steel, large panes of glass and
prefabricated structures. It serves as a means of expression and a way to show one’s personal
identity, and it is an important tool for building the speaker’s character, in Japanese simply known as
“kyara”. The development of the Japanese theater when hand in hand with the development of
ukiyoe (woodblock prints) and the artists started to create more and more ghost images. The meaning
of a text and especially the meaning of a literary text represents much more than the sum of the
meanings of its composing elements. Nue is a legendary creature with the head of a monkey, the
body of a raccoon dog, the legs of a tiger, and a snake as a tail who can sometimes turn into a black
cloud. In this presentation I shall introduce the “purification” rites performed by the men who play
the demon roles during the tsuina-shiki ceremony from Nagata Jinja, known as suigyo (literally,
“water practice”), a term identical with the one used by priests from the Nichiren Sect to indicate the
harshest trial of their ascetic term: the daily ablutions. I have analyzed not the meaning of the
proverb as a whole, but the elements of reference. Through this approach I believe I can pursue a
better understanding of the way the Japanese people perceive the world and I can observe the way in
which we can have a better intercultural communication. The narration focuses on the linguistic and
cultural gaps between a patriarchal missionary, called P, and the members of the country of Amanon,
where women dress and act like men. This enables us to reassess map dishes as active elements in the
thriving ideological discourse on nationhood at the end of Edo period. The beginning of the Showa
period— the 1930s— is the moment when both the style and the contents of Tanizaki’s works
underwent the most dramatic change, and it is about this change that I plan to talk in my present
address. Contemporary carvers prefer floral and animal themes. Five pictures were added to selected
stories from each volume and, as “Kokonchomonjyu” has twenty volumes, there are one hundred
pictures in it. During the Muromachi period, Murata Jukou guided tea ceremony in evolving its own
aesthetic centered around the concept of wabi— sober refinement and celebration of the mellow
beauty that time and care impart to materials. In accordance with the developments of pilot works,
the government has started to make new policies and launch numerous new projects. By confronting
patriarchal values some of the characters come to affirm their identity and free themselves from the
constraints of patriarchy. Nanpo also praised Kyoden’s kibyoshi, Gozonji no shobaimono ?????,
which the author had illustrated under his artistic pseudonym, and cited both text and illustrations
for their excellence. The name has come to be applied to any fantastic or horrible creation of the
imagination, and also to a grafted hybrid plant of mixed characteristics. Innovation lines in netsuke
art are observed since the latter part of the 20th century. The cut-in illustrations of
“Kokonchomonjyu” (the Genroku 3 version) do not show a clear correspondence with the context
where they were inserted. In this presentation I would like to feature Dada from a different
viewpoint by examining the writings of Shinkichi Takahashi (1901-1987), who is often called “the
first dadaist poet in Japan” and “a Zen poet” as well.