REE2ffi

1999{.?.hourst
SnringSemester

COMMLB{ICATTON
SYSTEMS2

l. (a) Explain why the processesof modulationand demodulationare widely usedin

comrnunicationsystems.
(s)
(b) Definethe term "modulationindex",ffi, s it relatesto an amplitude-modulated
signaland explain why in practicethe valueof m shouldbe kept lessthan l.
(2)

(c) fui Alv{ DSB CP transmitterhasan outputpower of 5 kW when sinusoidally

modulatcdto a dcpthof 100%.Dctcrminc thc powcr output whcn

(r) the carrier is unmodulated

(3)
(ii) aftersinusoidalmodulationtoadepthofS5?'",onesidebandis
supressedand the carier componentis reducedby 25 <IB.
(5)

(d) Ifthe transmitteris sinusoidallymodulatedto a depthof 7$% andtwo further

sine waves,correspondingto 50oloand ?0% modulation,are transmitt€d
simultaneously,detenninethe totat fadiafedpowef,-
{s}
2. (a) F.xplain,with the aid of diagrams,the operationof two typesof AM
demodulator. ;I

(8)
/.b) circuit hasan oulput voltagev6 rvhich is relaled!o its input
A norr-line,'ar
voltagevl by

vo = 0.6vi + 0,t5 t;2

vi containsa carrierof lv pp at l0O kHz anda toneof 0,?5vfp at 4 kHa

(r) Write down an expressionforvo containingan the freguencycomponcnts

and their amplitudesand henceduawths spectrumof vo.
(4)

(ii) vo is now passedthrongheu ideal filter havinga passbandbetureen70 kFfz

and 130klfe Showthat the ou$ut spectnrmis now a firll AM one and find qhs
modulationindol m.
a4l
 (lD Forthe outputsignalof(bXii), findthe largwt valuesof modulationtone :
amptitrde and frequencywhich canbe usedwithoutproducingdistortion or
interferencein the fiher€d outprrl
(4)

(a) Explain why FM is usedfor high-ryality sotrndbroadcastingat VHF but not at

mediumwave frequencies.
{3}

{b} -Dessribe,with.the aid ofhlock dfugrarns,tbe.sffimrsad openationof an FM

sfers) receiver.
'I( fl)

tc) AnF'tvl.si.gnal
havingthe follovtfurgclraracteri*icsi+aplid.tathe inp*of.a
superhetreceiver:

v Carricr ccntrc frcqucncy: 100'MTIz

Frequenc,y dwistioa. : + 75 WIz.
gas€ba&.lis&orn 3gl+zro 15t*tz

Iftlre receiver'fiasan IF of lO.? MIIZ, estimate

{i} .ttaerfreine valuesof the rnadulation,inder(

(ii) ths maximumCarsonbandwidltr
{ir$ tlnfmlascillatorfrsqpensy
(irr} theprob*ble practiealIF bandwidth
{ro}

4. {a} Discuw'tfus€$&rrtagssanddisadlrafitag$s
sfPCM rvlreir-usrdise
corununication sv.stem..
\.7 t>t

itr) Tnalve 4 kHz ch'aunelsarefs be muttipltxed an*lfran$ftit&xl<rrra KM link"

noim is.h. bs betfts than.3SdB andlinear
T.her,rn*signal.+o.guantjsation,
quarsisafionisused.

(i) E"plan, wi{h 6e aid of"ablock d*Bnirn; S€ og€rzi$on'sfth€

.nrultiplgxerandPe.IVd
mldst*Ir sycter.t.
ts)
(il) Esdmatetheminimuri systambanitrviitth :
t3)
(o) Why istheabove quantisationmethsd,rrr$€alistie
$rh€nryplied'toqpeeshantl
how, in practice,mayspeechbe quantisedefficiemly ?
{6}