Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MMW Module 3 2 Modular Arithmetic
MMW Module 3 2 Modular Arithmetic
MODULE 3
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM
Module Introduction
However, in this Module, the learners will learn that a mathematical system is also an abstract or
algebraic system with the concept of set as building block. The emphasis on this section is the
study of the important properties of a mathematical system of a set of integers, the remainder
function particularly modular arithmetic.
LESSON NO. 2
LESSON TITLE MODULAR ARITHMETIC
DURATION/HOURS 3 hours
Specific Learning During the learning engagement, the learners should be able to:
Outcomes:
1. Evaluate the remainder function, a b (mod m);
2. Perform the modular addition and multiplication operations,
and investigate their binary properties; and
3. Solve a Day-of-a-Week Problem applying the mod m concept,
and a write a reflective journal about it.
TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES
PROCESSING
The Modular Arithmetic, also known a the remainder function, is a mathematical system
defined on a set of integer Z by two binary operations: modular addition ()and modular
multiplication (◎).
Page 1 of 72
You can view on this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg6CTCu8iio, the discussion
on the basic heuristic on modular arithmetic.
Can you now tell which of the following is a correct statement or not?
5 - 1 = 4, where 2 divides 4.
The second statement is incorrect. Following the heuristics above, when 7 is divided by 3 the
remainder is 1 not 3; hence, the correct statement would be 7 1 (mod 3). Also, 3 does not
divide the difference of 7 and 3, that is:
The discussion of the two remaining cases will be left as your exercise.
In the following video, you will be introduced with the classical definition of modular
arithmetic as follows: If a, b Z and m is a positive integer, written as m Z+, then a b
(mod m) if and only if m divides a - b. Symbolically, a b (mod m) iff m|a-b.
7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
Verify whether is closed, commutative, 1
and associative. You also determine 2
whether zero (0) is the additive identity 3
element of mod 7. If so what are the 4
inverses of each element? 5
6
Page 2 of 72
Set S = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 0
2 2 3 4 5 6 0 1
3 3 4 5 6 0 1 2
4 4 5 6 0 1 2 3
5 5 6 0 1 2 3 4
6 6 0 1 2 3 4 5
Associativity
Sol’n
2 (4 5) = (2 4 ) 5
7 7 7 7
2 2 = 6 5
7 7
4=4
:. Associativity of operation exists. 7
Commutativity
4 5 = 5 4
7 7
2=2
:. Commutativity of operation exists. 7
0 0=0 7
Page 3 of 72
1 7 6=0
2 7 5=0
3 7 4=0
4 7 3=0
5 7 2=0
6 7 1=0
The following video will be of great help for your to construct your table of multiplication mod
7: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWyH25nzbt0.
Page 4 of 72
FORMATION ACTIVITY
PROBLEM: In 2017, Albert’s birthday fell on a Saturday, 3rd of June. On what day
of the week does Albert’s birthday fall in 2020? Note that 2020 is a leap year.
SOLUTION: The number of days in a year is 365 except when it is a leap year where
there is one day added. A year is a leap year when it is divisible by 4. Let us
determine the number of days after June 3, 2017 to June 3, 2020.
Then, we take the relation 1096 x (mod 7), where x is Albert’s birthday in 2020. Can
you explain why we take mod 7? Solving for x, we arrive at 1096 4 (mod 7). Hence, x
= 4, and Albert’s birthday is the 4th day of the week that is a Wednesday.
Now, your turn. What day of the week would be your birthday in 2025? Show your solution
mathematically. How shall you celebrate that day? If you are to invite a very special person on
that day, who would that be? Why?
Page 5 of 72
SYNTHESIS ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 5
1. Tell whether the following binary properties are satisfied in the given modular operation. If
not, explain why.
Addition
@3 0 1 2 3 4
0
1
2
3
4
Multiplication
@3 0 1 2 3 4
0
1
2
3
4
Commutativity
Associativity
Existence of Identity
Existence of Inverse
Page 6 of 72
2. Respond to these reflective questions to show what you have learned and reflected, after
engaging in this entire module:
1. What have I LEARNED this day that has helped me do all aspects of this better?
2. What have I DONE this week that has made me better at doing all aspects of this?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWyH25nzbt0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2POgCMpHRh0
Page 7 of 72
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg6CTCu8iio
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-hostos-
introcollegemath/chapter/calculator-shortcut-for-modular-
arithmetic/
Stephantop (n.d.). Science Quiz, Modular Arithmetic. Retrieved
on 5 July 2020 from
https://www.sporcle.com/games/stephantop/modular-
arithmetic
Page 8 of 72