RATIO - the comparison of two numbers with the same units, or different units of the same kind.

PROPORTION - the statement indicating the equality of two ratios.

1st Law of Proportion states that the product of the means is equal to the product of the
𝑎 𝑐
extremes. If 𝑏 = 𝑑 , the the equivalent is 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐

2nd Law of Proportion

states that interchanging the means or extremes of a proportion results in an equivalent
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
proportion. If 𝑏 = 𝑑, then the equivalent proportion will be 𝑐 = 𝑑

3rd Law of Proportion

states that if the terms of the ratios of a proportion is inverted, the result is an equivalent
𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑
proportion. If 𝑏 = 𝑑, the equivalent proportion will be 𝑎 = 𝑐

4th Law of Proportions

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 𝑏+𝑑
is called Denominator-Addition Law because if 𝑏 = 𝑑, the equivalent proportion will be 𝑐 = 𝑑 .

5th Law of Proportions

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎−𝑏
is called Denominator-Subtraction Law because if 𝑏 = 𝑑 , the equivalent proportion will be 𝑏 =
𝑐−𝑑
.
𝑑

6th Law of Proportion

states that the ratio of the sum of numerators to the sum of the denominators is equivalent to
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐
each of the equal ratios. then 𝑏 = 𝑑 = 𝑏+𝑑

Theorem 59
states that if two triangles have equal altitudes, then the ratio of their areas is equal to the ratio
of their bases

Theorem 60
states that two triangles on the same base and between two parallels are equal in area.

Theorem 61 or Basic proportionality theorem

states that if a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and intersects the other two sides in distinct
points, then it divides the sides proportionally.

Theorem 62 or the Converse of the Basic Proportionality Theorem

states that is a line divides two sides of a triangle proportionally, then the line is parallel to the
third side.

Two triangles are similar if and only if the corresponding angles are congruent and the length of
the corresponding sides are proportional.

The other term for congruent is equal measurement

The other term for similar in geometry proportional

AAA similarity theorem

states that if the three angles of the corresponding vertices between two triangles are equal,
then the two tringles are similar?

AA Similarity
states that if two angles of a triangle are congruent to the two angle of the second triangle,
then the two triangles are similar

SAS Similarity Theorem

states that If two pairs of corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional and the included
angles are congruent, then the two triangles are similar