Mayflower - Hourly History

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 34

1567 8559:

8;5< =85>?

!5@?=!?

May$ower
A History From Beginning to End
THE
MAYFLOWER
AHISTORYFROMBEGINNINGTOEND

r
xX
HOURL
YHISTO
RY

!"#$%&'()*+*,-./*0$*1"2%3$*1&4)"%$
=33*%&'()4*%A4A%BACD

Table of Contents
Introduction

How Religious Upheaval Shaped American Colonization

The Ship that Launched a Nation’s Future

The Contract and the Crossing

Plymouth: Arrival in America

Early Life in the Colonies

Of Pilgrims and Puritans

The Ideology that Shaped a Nation

Conclusion

Click Here for New Free eBooks!

Introduction
F(G)*#%"H#)4*G*'%"2#*"I*#A"#3A*)"*2JCA%)GKA*G*CGJ'A%"24*L"2%JA$*)"*GJ*2JKJ"MJ
CA4)&JG)&"JN*O)*4"2JC4*3&KA*)(A*"#AJ&J'*3&JA*"I*GJ*GCBAJ)2%A*J"BA3P*02)*&J4)AGCP*&)*&4*(&4)"%$Q
&J*./,-P*G*'%"2#*"I*#A"#3A*3AI)*)(A&%*("HA4P*GJC*)(A&%*R"2J)%$P*)"*R%"44*GJ*"RAGJ*4"*)(G)
)(A$*R"23C*3&BA*&J*)(A*MG$*)(A&%*0A3&AI4*C&R)G)ACD*:"*4)%"J'*MG4*)(A&%*R"JB&R)&"J*)(G)*)(A$
MA%A*M&33&J'*)"*%&4K*ABA%$)(&J'S*&JCAACP*HGJ$*"I*)(AH*M"23C*#G$*)(A*23)&HG)A*#%&RA*)(A*T%4)
M&J)A%*&J*)(A&%*JAM*3GJCD*?(&4*&4*)(A*4)"%$*"I*)(A*AG%3&A4)*=HA%&RGJ*R"3"J&4)4P*)(A*U&3'%&H4P
GJC*)(A&%*L"2%JA$*"J*)(A*6G$V"MA%*)"*G*JAM*("HAD

?(A*U&3'%&H4*MA%A*7J'3&4(*U%")A4)GJ)*:A#G%G)&4)4D*U%")A4)GJ)4*0A3&ABAC*)(G)*)(A*02%AG2R%GR$
R%AG)AC*0$*)(A*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(*MG4*GJ*2JJARA44G%$*H&CC3AHGJ*0A)MAAJ*)(A*0A3&ABA%*GJC
4G3BG)&"JD*?(A*&J&)&G3*0%AGK*M&)(*)(A*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(*MG4*&J4)&'G)AC*0$*6G%)&J*;2)(A%P*GJ
=2'24)&J&GJ*H"JK*M("P*3&KA*")(A%*#%")A4)"%4*0AI"%A*(&HP*0A3&ABAC*)(G)*)(A*"J3$*G2)("%&)$
MG4*:R%&#)2%AD*1A*RG33AC*I"%*GJ*AJC*)"*HGJ$*"I*)(A*W"HGJ*!G)("3&R*#%GR)&RA4P*42R(*G4*)(A
4A33&J'*"I*&JC23'AJRA4*GJC*)(A*R"JC2R)&J'*"I*HG44*&J*;G)&JD*1A*G34"*X2A4)&"JAC*)(A*C&B&JA
G2)("%&)$*"I*)(A*U"#AD*1&4*%A3G)&"J4(&#*M&)(*!G)("3&R&4H*MG4*R3AG%3$*J")*G*HG)R(*HGCA*&J
1AGBAJS*;2)(A%*AYR"HH2J&RG)AC*(&H4A3I*GJC*#%"RAACAC*)"*)%GJ43G)A*)(A*8&03A*&J)"
<A%HGJD*?(G)*4A)*"Z*G*%A3&'&"24*T%A4)"%H*)(G)*M"23C*)GKA*RAJ)2%&A4*)"*#2)*"2)D

8$*)(A*)&HA*)(A*7J'3&4(*:A#G%G)&4)4*MA%A*R"J4&CA%&J'*)(A&%*L"2%JA$P*)(A%A*(GC*0AAJ
J2HA%"24*R"JV&R)4*0A)MAAJ*!G)("3&R&4H*GJC*U%")A4)GJ)&4HD*?(A*2JCA%H&J&J'*"I*!G)("3&R
G2)("%&)$*&J*7J'3GJC*(GC*0AAJ*&J&)&G)AC*I"%*C&ZA%AJ)*%AG4"J4P*02)*&)*)""*(GC*%A423)AC*&J*GJ
2J4G)&4IGR)"%$*AJB&%"JHAJ)*I"%*)(A*:A#G%G)&4)4D*1AJ%$*[OOOP*M("*L24)*MGJ)AC*)"*C&B"%RA*(&4
M&IAP*I"%HAC*G*JAM*R(2%R(*GI)A%*)(A*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(*%AI24AC*(&H*GJ*GJJ23HAJ)D*1A*(GC
(&H4A3I*CAR3G%AC*)(A*JAM*#"#A*"I*(&4*R(2%R(P*)(A*=J'3&RGJ*!(2%R(*\*"%*!(2%R(*"I*7J'3GJCD
1&4*T%4)*GR)*MG4*)"*'%GJ)*(&H4A3I*G*C&B"%RAD*F(&3A*)(A*%AG4"J4*I"%*)(A*0%AGK*M&)(*!G)("3&R&4H
MA%A*4AR23G%P*'AJ2&JA*)(A"3"'&RG3*C&ZA%AJRA4*MA%A*X2&RK*)"*AHA%'AD*F(G)*I"33"MAC*&J
7J'3GJC*MG4*G*3"J'*#A%&"C*"I*%A3&'&"24*V&#]V"##&J'*0A)MAAJ*!G)("3&R&4H*GJC
U%")A4)GJ)&4HP*02)*)(A*U%")A4)GJ)&4H*"I*)(A*=J'3&RGJ*!(2%R(P*M&)(*&)4*GH0&'2"24
)(A"3"'&RG3*I"2JCG)&"JP*MG4*J")*23)&HG)A3$*4G)&4IGR)"%$*)"*)(A*:A#G%G)&4)4D*?(A$*TJG33$
CAR&CAC*)(A$*(GC*)"*H"BAP*&J&)&G33$*)"*1"33GJC*GJC*3G)A%*)"*=HA%&RGD

?(A*U&3'%&H4*MA%A*4"*T%H*&J*)(A&%*%A4"3BA*)(G)*)(A$*MA%A*M&33&J'*)"*AJ)A%*&J)"*G*R"J)%GR)*"I
&JCAJ)2%AC*4A%B&)2CA*&J*"%CA%*)"*#G$*I"%*)(A&%*#G44G'AD*?(&4*MG4*G%%GJ'AC*M&)(*)(A*;"JC"J
!"H#GJ$*GJC*")(A%*&JBA4)"%4P*&JR32C&J'*?("HG4*FA4)"J^4*6A%R(GJ)*=CBAJ)2%A%4D*F&)(*)(A
R"J)%GR)*4&'JACP*)(A*U&3'%&H4*(&%AC*G*HA%R(GJ)*4(&#P*)(A*6G$V"MA%P*)"*)GKA*)(AH*GR%"44*)(A
=)3GJ)&RD*?(A*R%"44&J'*MG4*C&_R23)D*?(A*#G44AJ'A%4*%A4&CAC*&J*R%GH#AC*R"JC&)&"J4*M&)(*J"
4GJ&)G%$*0G)(%""H*IGR&3&)&A4P*3&))3A*I""CP*GJC*3&))3A*)"*C"*4GBA*RG%A*I"%*)("4A*M("*42ZA%AC
I%"H*4AG4&RKJA44D*?(A$*MAG)(A%AC*4ABA%G3*4)"%H4*)(G)*0G))A%AC*)(A*4HG33*4(&#*GJC*ABAJ
CGHG'AC*"JA*"I*)(A*HG&J*0AGH4*42##"%)&J'*)(A*(233D*?M"*#A"#3A*C&AC*C2%&J'*)(A*R%"44&J'P
GJC*"JA*0G0$*MG4*0"%JD

?(A*U&3'%&H4*G%%&BAC*&J*)(A&%*JAM*3GJC*"J*@"BAH0A%*`P*./,-P*02)*&)*MG4*GJ*&J("4#&)G03A
AJB&%"JHAJ)*&J*M(&R(*)(A$*I"2JC*)(AH4A3BA4D*?(A$*MA%A*2J#%A#G%AC*I"%*)(A*0&))A%3$*R"3C
R"JC&)&"J4P*GJC*)(A&%*I""C*4)"%A4*MA%A*3"MD*?(A$*3"4)*GJC*"BA%*(G3I*)(A*R%AM*GJC*G33*02)*ab
"I*)(A*.-,*#G44AJ'A%4*M("*HGCA*)(A*)%&#*)(G)*T%4)*M&J)A%*G4*)(A$*4)%2''3AC*)"*02&3C*)(A&%
R"3"J$D*?(A$*3&BAC*"J*0"G%C*)(A*6G$V"MA%*M(&3A*)(A$*4(2))3AC*0GRK*GJC*I"%)(*)"*4("%A*)"
02&3C*)(A&%*("HA4D*c&JG33$P*M&)(*)(A&%*R"3"J$*A4)G03&4(AC*0$*6G%R(P*)(A$*C&4AH0G%KAC*)"
0A'&J*)(A&%*JAM*3&IAD*?(A&%*0A3&AI4*M"23C*(A3#*4(G#A*G*JG)&"J*)(G)*MG4*$A)*)"*0A*0"%JD*O)*MG4
G*)%2A*GCBAJ)2%AD

Chapter One
The Protestant
Reformation: How
Religious Upheaval Shaped
American Colonization
“Why do people move? What makes them uproot and leave
everything they`ve known for a great unknown beyond the
horizon? Why climb this Mount Everest of formalities that
makes you feel like a beggar? Why enter this jungle of
foreignness where everything is new, strange and diScult?
–The answer is the same the world over: people move in
the hope of a better life.”
—Life of Pi by Yann Martel

?(A*("#A*"I*G*0A))A%*3&IAQ*&)*&4*G*#"MA%I23*H")&BG)"%P*"%*#A%(G#4*&)*&4*G*C&_R23)*3&IA*)(G)*&4*)(A
#"MA%I23*H")&BG)"%D*F(G)*M"23C*RG24A*#A"#3A*)"*2#%"")*)(A&%*3&BA4P*)(A&%*IGH&3&A4P*GJC*)(A&%
("HA4P*)"*3AGBA*)(A*KJ"MJ*M&)(*G33*)(A*R"HI"%)*)(G)*#%"B&CA4P*&J*"%CA%*)"*IGRA*2J)"3C
CGJ'A%4*"J*G*#A%&3"24*L"2%JA$*)"*G*4)%GJ'A*3GJC*)(G)*HG$*JABA%*$&A3C*M(G)*)(A$*G%A
4AAK&J'N*=*0A))A%*3&IAP*02)*M(G)*C&C*)(G)*HAGJ*I"%*)(A*AG%3&A4)*72%"#AGJ*R"3"J&4)4*M("*RGHA
)"*=HA%&RGN*?"*2JCA%4)GJC*M(G)*)(A$*MA%A*3""K&J'*I"%P*&)*&4*&H#"%)GJ)*T%4)*)"*2JCA%4)GJC
M(G)*)(A$*MA%A*3AGB&J'D*?(&4*%AX2&%A4*CA3B&J'*&J)"*G*0G4&R*(&4)"%$*"I*)(A*!(%&4)&GJ*R(2%R(D

8")(*!(%&4)&GJ&)$*GJC*O43GH*CA4RAJCAC*I%"H*)(A*4GHA*d2CG&R*%"")4*AG%3$*&J*)(A*!"HH"J
7%G*e!7fD*?(A*)A%H*gR"HH"J*A%Gh*&4*24AC*&J*#3GRA*"I*=i*&J*HGJ$*H"CA%J*(&4)"%$*0""K4P*L24)
G4*8AI"%A*)(A*!"HH"J*7%G*e8!7f*&4*24AC*&J*#3GRA*"I*8!D*!(%&4)&GJ&)$*CABA3"#AC*I%"H*G
d2CG&R*I"2JCG)&"J*&J*)(A*AG%3$*T%4)*RAJ)2%$*"I*)(A*!"HH"J*7%GP*GJC*O43GH*CABA3"#AC*&J*)(A
4ABAJ)(*RAJ)2%$*!7D*8")(*%A3&'&"J4*)%GRA*)(A&%*"%&'&J4*)"*)(A*8&03&RG3*#G)%&G%R(*=0%G(GH*GJC
G%A*)(24*%AIA%%AC*)"*G4*)(A*=0%G(GH&R*%A3&'&"J4D*=CC&)&"JG33$P*0")(*%A3&'&"J4*(GBA*M&)(4)""C
HGL"%*C&B&4&"J4D*c"%*!(%&4)&GJ&)$P*)(A*T%4)*"I*)(A4A*C&B&4&"J4*RGHA*&J*)(A*..)(*RAJ)2%$*!7
M(AJ*)(A*7G4)A%J*5%)("C"Y*!(2%R(*C&B&CAC*I%"H*)(A*MA4)A%J*W"HGJ*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(D*?(&4
C&B&4&"J*&J*!(%&4)&GJ&)$*"RR2%%AC*&J*.-aj*!7*GJC*&4*KJ"MJ*G4*)(A*<%AG)*:R(&4HD*?(A*7G4)A%J
5%)("C"Y*!(2%R(*MG4*0G4AC*&J*!"J4)GJ)&J"#3A*GJC*3GRKAC*RA3&0GR$*%AX2&%AHAJ)4*I"%*&)4
#%&A4)4D*?(A*MA4)A%J*C&B&4&"JP*)(A*W"HGJ*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(P*MG4*0G4AC*&J*)(A*[G)&RGJ*&J*O)G3$
GJC*(GC*4)%&R)*RA3&0GR$*%23A4*)(G)*#%ABAJ)AC*#%&A4)4*I%"H*AJ'G'&J'*&J*4AY2G3*GR)&B&)&A4*G4
MA33*G4*#%"(&0&)&J'*HG%%&G'AD*=4&CA*I%"H*)(A*C&ZA%AJ)*%23A4*I"%*#%&A4)4P*)(A"3"'&RG3*&442A4
#%"H#)AC*)(A*4A#G%G)&"J*G4*MA33D*=H"J'*)(A4A*G%A*C&ZA%AJRA4*&J*("M*AGR(*0%GJR(*B&AM4
)(A*("3$*)%&J&)$*GJC*)(A*R"JRA#)*)(G)*)(A*(AG%)*&4*2J&)AC*M&)(*)(A*H&JC*&J*)(A*AG4)A%J
)%GC&)&"J*BA%424*)(A*FA4)A%J*2JCA%4)GJC&J'*"I*g%AG4"J*G3"JAhP*)(G)*&4P*G4*4A#G%G)A*I%"H
AH")&"JD*?(&4*&4*G34"*%AVAR)AC*&J*)(A*HAGJ4*0$*M(&R(*AGR(*C&B&4&"J*BG3&CG)A4*)(A&%*C"'HG4D
?(A*W"HGJ*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(*24A4*4R("3G4)&R&4HP*G*H"CA3*M(&R(*AH#(G4&kA4*3"'&R*GJC
)%GC&)&"JP*M(&3A*)(A*7G4)A%J*5%)("C"Y*!(2%R(*24A4*)(A"%&GP*G*4)G'A*"I*&332H&JG)&"J*&J*M(&R(
)(A*0A3&ABA%*'"A4*"J*)"*0A("3C*<"C*GJC*3AG%J4*I%"H*)(G)*AY#A%&AJRAD*?(A4A*C&ZA%AJRA4
23)&HG)A3$*R23H&JG)AC*&J*H2)2G3*AYR"HH2J&RG)&"JD

?(A*4AR"JC*C&B&4&"J*&J*!(%&4)&GJ&)$*GJC*)(A*"JA*H"4)*#A%)&JAJ)*)"*)(A*R"3"J&kG)&"J*"I
=HA%&RG*"RR2%%AC*&J*)(A*AG%3$*./)(*RAJ)2%$D*?(&4*&4*KJ"MJ*G4*)(A*U%")A4)GJ)*WAI"%HG)&"JP
GJC*&JCAACP*)(A*&H#GR)4*"I*)(&4*C&B&4&"J*G%A*&J)%&RG)A3$*R"JJAR)AC*J")*"J3$*M&)(*)(A
R"3"J&kG)&"J*"I*=HA%&RG*02)*G34"*M&)(*)(A*I"2JC&J'*#%&JR&#3A4*2#"J*M(&R(*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4
MG4*I"%HACP*#%&JR&#3A4*M(&R(*#A%HAG)A*ABA%$*G4#AR)*"I*H"CA%J*=HA%&RGJ*4"R&A)$D*?(A
U%")A4)GJ)*WAI"%HG)&"J*"RR2%%AC*M(AJ*U%")A4)GJ)*CAJ"H&JG)&"J4*0%"KA*M&)(*!G)("3&R&4HD
F(&3A*)(A*;2)(A%GJ*!(2%R(*#3G$AC*G*#%"H&JAJ)*%"3A*&J*T'()&J'*I"%*)(A*C&B&4&"JP*)(A
WAI"%HG)&"J*'GBA*%&4A*)"*J2HA%"24*")(A%*I"%H4*"I*!(%&4)&GJ&)$P*&JR32C&J'*8G#)&4)P
U%A40$)A%&GJP*GJC*6"%H"J&4HD

=I)A%*)(A*<%AG)*:R(&4HP*)(A*MA4)A%J*C&B&4&"J*"I*!(%&4)&GJ&)$P*)(A*W"HGJ*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(P
'%AM*X2&)A*#"3&)&RG33$*#"MA%I23D*?(A*#"#A*MG4*R"J4&CA%AC*G*K&J'*G4*MA33*G4*G*%A3&'&"24
3AGCA%P*GJC*4ABA%G3*UG#G3*:)G)A4*MA%A*CA3&JAG)AC*&J*O)G3$D*=4*G*%A423)P*)(A*!(2%R(*0ARGHA
#%"JA*)"*HGJ$*"I*)(A*4GHA*IG&3&J'4*R"HH"J*)"*GJ$*4AR23G%*'"BA%JHAJ)D*?(A%A*MA%A
R(G%'A4*"I*R"%%2#)&"J*%A423)&J'*I%"H*)(A*&JV2AJRA*"I*MAG3)($*J"J])(A"3"'&GJ4*"J*)(A*#G#G3
)(%"JAP*G33A'G)&"J4*"I*R(&3C*G024AP*GJC*M(G)*MG4*CATJAC*G4*&HH"%G3*0A(GB&"2%*\
#%A42HG03$*G4*G*%A423)*"I*)(A*RA3&0GR$*%23A4*\*GJC*J2HA%"24*#%")A4)4*GJC*R"H#3G&J)4
%A'G%C&J'*R"JC2R)&J'*HG44A4*&J*;G)&J*GJC*4A33&J'*&JC23'AJRA4*)"*'%&AB&J'*%A3G)&BA4*4"*)(G)
)(A*4"234*"I*)(A*CARAG4AC*H&'()*0A*I%AAC*I%"H*U2%'G)"%$P*G*4)G'A*&J*)(A*GI)A%3&IA*)(G)*&4
0A)MAAJ*(AGBAJ*GJC*(A33D*?(A*!(2%R(*MG4*G34"*BA%$*4)%&R)*G0"2)*GC(A%AJRA*)"*&)4*)AJA)4D*O)
CAG3)*(G%4(3$*M&)(*")(A%*%A3&'&"24*0A3&AI4P*M(&R(*&)*CATJAC*G4*#G'GJP*GJC*&)*MG4*G34"
&J)"3A%GJ)*"I*")(A%*BA%4&"J4*"I*!(%&4)&GJ&)$P*M(&R(*&)*CATJAC*G4*(A%A)&RG3D

=4*G*%A423)*"I*)(A*!(2%R(^4*4)%&R)*4)GJRA*"J*C&44AJ)P*#%")A4)A%4*MA%A*J")*)"3A%G)ACD*5JA*AG%3$
#%")A4)"%P*d"(J*F$R3&ZAP*M("*#%")A4)AC*)(A*#%&B&3A'AC*4)G)24*"I*)(A*R3A%'$*GJC*RG33AC*I"%*GJ
7J'3&4(*)%GJ43G)&"J*"I*)(A*8&03AP*MG4*CAAHAC*G*(A%A)&R*0$*)(A*!"2JR&3*"I*!"J4)GJRA*&J*.j.aP
4"HA*b.*$AG%4*GI)A%*(&4*CAG)(*&J*.bljD*=4*G*%A423)P*(&4*M%&)&J'4*MA%A*0GJJACP*GJC*(&4*M"%K4
MA%A*02%JACD*=CC&)&"JG33$P*(&4*%AHG&J4*MA%A*%AH"BAC*I%"H*R"J4AR%G)AC*'%"2JCP*G*4A%&"24
)(%AG)*)"*!G)("3&R4*M("*0A3&ABAC*)(G)*ABAJ*GI)A%*CAG)(*)(A*4"23*MG4*4)&33*B23JA%G03A*)"*)(A
M"%K4*"I*:G)GJD*82%&G3*&J*R"J4AR%G)AC*'%"2JC*MG4*R"J4&CA%AC*G*#"MA%I23*HAGJ4*"I
#%")AR)&"JP*GJC*)(24P*)(A*%AH"BG3*"I*(&4*%AHG&J4*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*G*#")AJ)*CA)A%%AJ)*)"
")(A%*#%")A4)"%4D

=J")(A%*AG%3$*#%")A4)"%P*dGJ*124P*G*#%&A4)*M("*CAJ"2JRAC*)(A*H"%G3*IG&3&J'4*"I*)(A*R3A%'$
GJC*ABAJ*)(A*#G#GR$*&)4A3IP*GJC*4#"KA*"2)*I"%RAI233$*G'G&J4)*&JC23'AJRA4P*C&CJ^)*IG%A*JAG%3$
G4*MA33*G4*F$R3&ZAD*1A*MG4*02%JAC*G)*)(A*4)GKA*I"%*(A%A4$*&J*.j.a*0ARG24A*"I*(&4*%A3&'&"24
)AGR(&J'4P*)(A*I"33"MA%4*"I*M(&R(*MA%A*KJ"MJ*G4*1244&)A4D*1&4*)AGR(&J'4P*("MABA%P*(GC*G
BA%$*4)%"J'*&JV2AJRA*"J*FA4)A%J*72%"#AP*GJC*H"%A*)(GJ*G*RAJ)2%$*3G)A%P*"J*6G%)&J*;2)(A%
(&H4A3ID*;2)(A%*MG4*G4*=2'24)&J&GJ*H"JKP*M("*&J*.a.m*0A'GJ*)"*AY#GJC*"J*)(A*R"H#3G&J)4
"I*F$R3&ZA*GJC*124D

6G%)&J*;2)(A%*4(G%AC*HGJ$*"I*)(A*4GHA*R"H#3G&J)4*G4*(&4*#%ACARA44"%4D*1"MABA%P*(A
AY#GJCAC*"J*)(A&%*#%")A4)4*0$*R(G33AJ'&J'*#G#G3*G2)("%&)$*&)4A3ID*1A*0A3&ABAC*&J*)(A
C"R)%&JA*"I*4"3G*TCAP*0$*IG&)(*G3"JAD*1A*CAJ&AC*)(G)*)(A*#"#A*MG4*C&B&JA3$*"%CG&JAC*GJC*IA3)
)(G)*IG&)(*G3"JA*AJ42%AC*4G3BG)&"JD*OJ*GRR"%CGJRA*M&)(*)(&4*0A3&AIP*)(A*!(2%R(*GJC*&)4
HG44&BA*02%AG2R%GR$*MA%A*J")(&J'*H"%A*)(GJ*GJ*2JJARA44G%$*H&CC3AHGJD*;2)(A%*0G4AC
)(&4*)AJA)*"J*:)D*UG23^4*M%&)&J'4*&J*W"HGJ4*&J*)(A*8&03AD*1AP*)(A%AI"%AP*MGJ)AC*)"*A3&H&JG)A
)(A*H&CC3AHGJ*I%"H*)(A*#%"RA44*"I*4G3BG)&"JD*1A*G34"*MGJ)AC*)"*MG4(*)(A*R(2%R(*R3AGJ*"I
AG%3$*R"%%2#)&"J4P*)(G)*&4P*&JV2AJRA4*I%"H*#G'GJ*%A3&'&"J4D*!(%&4)HG4*RA3A0%G)&"J4*G%A*"JA
AYGH#3A*"I*R"%%2#)&"J*(A*CA4&%AC*)"*gMG4(*GMG$Dh*1&4*0A3&AI*MG4*)(G)*)(&4*M"23C*%A)2%J*)(A
R(2%R(*)"*GJ*AG%3&A%P*#2%A%*4)G)AD

;2)(A%*T%4)*)%&AC*)"*M"%K*M&)(&J*)(A*02%AG2R%GR$*"I*)(A*!(2%R(*0$*4)G'&J'*G*#%")A4)P*JG&3&J'
(&4*R"H#3G&J)4*&J*;G)&J*)"*)(A*C""%*"I*(&4*("HA*RG)(AC%G3*&J*F&))AJ0A%'P*&J*M(G)*&4*J"M
<A%HGJ$D*F(AJ*)(A*#"#A*G)*)(A*)&HAP*U"#A*;A"*nP*%A4#"JCAC*0$*R"%%AR)&J'*;2)(A%^4*`a
R"H#3G&J)4P*(A*AYR"HH2J&RG)AC*(&H4A3I*0AI"%A*)(A*!(2%R(*(GC*G*R(GJRA*)"*C"*4"D*1A
CAR3G%AC*)(G)*(&4*"J3$*G33A'&GJRA*MG4*)"*4R%&#)2%AP*GJC*G4*(A*C&C*J")*0A3&ABA*&J*#%&A4)3$
RA3&0GR$P*(A*HG%%&AC*G*J2JS*)(A$*#%"RAACAC*)"*(GBA*4&Y*R(&3C%AJD*1A*H&'()*(GBA*IGRAC
AYAR2)&"JP*MA%A*&)*J")*I"%*)(A*)(%AG)*"I*6243&H*&JBG4&"J*&J*72%"#AD*O43GH*(GC*HGCA*&J%"GC4
&J)"*7G4)A%J*72%"#A*GJC*(GC*ABAJ*)GKAJ*"BA%*!"J4)GJ)&J"#3AP*%AJGH&J'*&)*O4)GJ023*&J*.jabD
5))"HGJ*G%H&A4*e?2%K&4(*6243&H4f*MA%A*JAY)*)(%AG)AJ&J'*RAJ)%G3*72%"#AP*GJC*G4*G*%A423)P
<A%HGJ*#%&JRA4*)""K*G*3&K&J'*)"*;2)(A%^4*R%&)&R&4H*"I*)(A*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(P*4&JRA*)(A$*4)""C
)"*'G&J*H"JA)G%&3$*&I*)(A$*R"23C*AY)%GR)*G*#%")AR)&"J*IAA*I%"H*)(A*!(2%R(*I"%*)(A&%*H&3&)G%$
CAIAJ4A*G'G&J4)*5))"HGJ*&JR2%4&"J4D*;2)(A%^4*R%&)&R&4H4*3&KA3$*#%"B&CAC*G*%G)&"JG3A*I"%*)(A
AY)"%)&"JD*?(A%AI"%AP*)(A*!(2%R(*MG4*R"H#A33AC*)"*'"*AG4&A%*"J*;2)(A%*)(GJ*&)*")(A%M&4A
H&'()*(GBA*)"*G##AG4A*)(A*<A%HGJ4D

;2)(A%*)""K*%AI2'A*&J*<A%HGJ$P*M(A%A*(A*MAJ)*0$*GJ*G3&G4*)"*GB"&C*RG#)2%AD*c%"H*)(A%AP*(A
HGCA*24A*"I*)(A*H"CA%J*)AR(J"3"'$*"I*)(A*CG$P*G*#%&J)&J'*#%A44P*)"*C&44AH&JG)A*(&4*&CAG4
GJC*)%GJ4R%&0A*GJC*)%GJ43G)A*)(A*8&03A*I%"H*;G)&J*&J)"*<A%HGJD*5JRA*)(&4*MG4
GRR"H#3&4(ACP*")(A%4*I"33"MAC*42&)P*GJC*4""J*)(A*8&03A*MG4*)%GJ43G)AC*&J)"*HGJ$
3GJ'2G'A4D*O)*MG4*C&44AH&JG)AC*)(%"2'("2)*72%"#AP*4A))&J'*"Z*G*)(A"3"'&RG3*T%A4)"%H*&J
)(A*#%"RA44D

?(A*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(*%A4#"JCAC*M&)(*JA&)(A%*G#"3"'&A4*J"%*%AI"%HS*%G)(A%P*&)*(A3C*G*4A%&A4
"I*!"2JR&34*&J*?%AJ)P*O)G3$P*CAR3G%&J'*U%")A4)GJ)&4H*G4*(A%A4$*GJC*&J&)&G)&J'*)(A*!"2J)A%]
WAI"%HG)&"J*"%*!G)("3&R*WAB&BG3D*?(&4*)(AJ*%A423)AC*&J*G*.a-]$AG%]3"J'*#A%&"C*"I*B&"3AJ)
IGR)&"JG3&4H*R"33AR)&BA3$*KJ"MJ*G4*)(A*FG%4*"I*WA3&'&"JP*M(&R(*0A'GJ*&J*.a,j*!7D*?(A*FG%4
"I*WA3&'&"J*R23H&JG)AC*M&)(*)(A*?(&%)$*oAG%4^*FG%P*M(&R(*MG4*G*4A%&A4*"I*MG%4*0A)MAAJ*./.l
GJC*./jl*!7D*?(&4*&4*R"J4&CA%AC*"JA*"I*)(A*H"4)P*&I*J")*)(A*H"4)P*CA4)%2R)&BA*#A%&"C4*&J
72%"#AGJ*(&4)"%$*4&JRAP*M(AJ*)(A*C24)*4A))3ACP*GJ*A4)&HG)AC*.-],-p*"I*72%"#A^4*#"#23G)&"J
(GC*0AAJ*K&33ACD*?"*#2)*&)*&J*R"J)AY)P*F"%3C*FG%*OO*K&33AC*%"2'(3$*bp*"I*)(A*M"%3C^4
#"#23G)&"JP*G30A&)*"BA%*G*4("%)A%*#A%&"C*GJC*M&)(*G*(&'(A%*)")G3*"BA%G33D*:)&33P*)(A*3"44*"I*.-]
,-p*"I*72%"#A^4*#"#23G)&"J*&3324)%G)A4*)(A*3ABA3*"I*B&"3AJRA*'AJA%G)AC*0$*)(A*C&B&4&"J4
0"%JA*"I*)(A*U%")A4)GJ)*WAI"%HG)&"JD

OJ*7J'3GJCP*)(A*WAI"%HG)&"J*GJC*)(A*2JCA%H&J&J'*"I*!G)("3&R*G2)("%&)$*#%"RAACAC*43&'()3$
C&ZA%AJ)3$*)(GJ*&J*)(A*%A4)*"I*72%"#AD*?(A*)%&G34*GJC*)%&023G)&"J4*"I*)(A*?2C"%*i$JG4)$
#%"H#)AC*)(A*"_R&G3*0%AGK*M&)(*!G)("3&R&4HP*)("2'(*'AJ2&JA*)(A"3"'&RG3*C&ZA%AJRA4
#%"H#)3$*AHA%'AC*GJC*3AC*)"*G*RAJ)2%$*"I*)2%H"&3D*?(A*%"3A*)(A*?2C"%*i$JG4)$*#3G$AC
0A'GJ*M&)(*9&J'*1AJ%$*[OOP*M("*4"2'()*)"*I"%H*GJ*G33&GJRA*M&)(*:#G&J*0$*G%%GJ'&J'*G
HG%%&G'A*0A)MAAJ*(&4*4"J*=%)(2%*GJC*!G)(A%&JA*"I*=%G'"JD*=%)(2%*C&ACP*("MABA%P*"J3$*I"2%
H"J)(4*GI)A%*)(A*MACC&J'P*GJC*I"33"M&J'*G*4#AR&G3*C&4#AJ4G)&"J*I%"H*)(A*U"#AP*!G)(A%&JA
HG%%&AC*=%)(2%^4*0%")(A%P*1AJ%$*[OOOD*?(A&%*2J&"J*IG&3AC*)"*#%"C2RA*G*HG3A*(A&%P*("MABA%P
GJC*1AJ%$*4204AX2AJ)3$*IA33*&J*3"BA*M&)(*=JJA*8"3A$JD*1A*4"2'()*GJ*GJJ23HAJ)*I%"H*U"#A
!3AHAJ)*[OOP*02)*)(G)*MG4*CAJ&AC*4"*)(G)*)(A*AHA%'&J'*\*GJC*BA%$*!G)("3&R*\*:#GJ&4(
H"JG%R($*M"23C*J")*0A*"ZAJCAC*G)*G*)&HA*M(AJ*7J'3GJC*MG4*CA4#A%G)A3$*)%$&J'*)"*%A)G&J
M(G)*4HG33*GH"2J)*"I*#"MA%*&)*(GC*3AI)*"BA%*72%"#AGJ*%23A%4D

1AJ%$P*M("*(GC*02%JAC*4ABA%G3*;2)(A%GJ4*G)*)(A*4)GKA*&J*)(A*AG%3$*./)(*RAJ)2%$P*IA3)*)(G)
)(A*!(2%R(*"MAC*(&HP*GJC*&J*(&4*"2)%G'A*G)*)(A&%*IG&32%A*)"*'%GJ)*(&4*M&4(P*(A*4ABA%AC
7J'3GJC^4*)&A4*M&)(*)(A*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(*GJC*I"%HAC*)(A*=J'3&RGJ*!(2%R(*e!(2%R(*"I
7J'3GJCfD*F&)(*)(A*(A3#*"I*)(A*=%R(0&4("#*?("HG4*!%GJHA%*GJC*3GM$A%*?("HG4*!%"HMA33P
(A*G##"&J)AC*(&H4A3I*G4*#"#A*"I*)(A*JAM*R(2%R(*&J*.abjD*1&4*T%4)*"_R&G3*GR)*G4*#"#A*MG4*)"
'%GJ)*(&H4A3I*G*C&B"%RA*I%"H*!G)(A%&JAD*?(A*4)"%$*"I*(&4*4204AX2AJ)*HG%%&G'A4*&4*)(A*4)2Z
"I*3A'AJCP*G4*(A*(GC*G*)")G3*"I*4&Y*M&BA4P*)M"*"I*M("H*(A*C&B"%RACP*)M"*"I*M("H*(A
0A(AGCACP*GJC*"JA*"I*M("H*C&ACD*?(A*=J'3&RGJ*!(2%R(P*("MABA%P*MAJ)*"J*)"*#3G$*G*%"3A*&J
&J)AJ4&I$&J'*)(A*#%"03AH4*AJCAH&R*)"*)(A*!G)("3&R*GJC*U%")A4)GJ)*4#3&)D*8ARG24A*"I*&)4
)(A"3"'&RG3*GH0&'2&)$P*0")(*4&CA4*MA%A*2J(G##$*M&)(*)(A*!(2%R(*"I*7J'3GJCD

?(A*IGR)*)(G)*)(A*=J'3&RGJ*!(2%R(*%A)G&JAC*!G)("3&R*BA4)&'A4*#%"H#)AC*%AG3*U%")A4)GJ)4*)"
G))AH#)*I2%)(A%*)"*#2%&I$*)(A&%*R(2%R(*GJC*H"BA*)(A*R"2J)%$*&J*)(A&%*C&%AR)&"JD*?(A*JAM
q2AAJP*6G%$*OP*CAG3)*M&)(*)(A*U%")A4)GJ)4*(G%4(3$P*4"*H2R(*4"*)(G)*4(A*MG4*C200AC*g83""C$
6G%$hD*:(A*C&AC*"I*RGJRA%*GJC*(A%*(G3I]4&4)A%P*73&kG0A)(P*1AJ%$*[OOO^4*CG2'()A%*M&)(*=JJA
8"3A$J*GJC*G*U%")A4)GJ)P*B&AC*I"%*#"MA%*M&)(*6G%$*:)2G%)P*G34"*KJ"MJ*G4*6G%$*q2AAJ*"I
:R")4D*O)*&J&)&G33$*G##AG%AC*)(G)*6G%$*M"23C*M&J*"2)*0ARG24A*"I*(A%*HG%%&G'A*)"*c%GJRA4*OO*"I
c%GJRAP*02)*M(AJ*(A*C&ACP*73&kG0A)(*'")*)(A*2##A%*(GJC*GJC*ABAJ)2G33$*AYAR2)AC*6G%$*I"%
R"J4#&%&J'*)"*"BA%)(%"M*(A%D*73&kG0A)(P*)("2'(*H"CA%G)A*&J*#%GR)&RAP*MG4*G*%A4"32)A
U%")A4)GJ)D*:#G&J*)%&AC*)"*H&)&'G)A*(A%*&JV2AJRA*G4*42R(*0$*G))AH#)&J'*)"*32%A*(A%*&J)"*G
HG%%&G'AD*:(A*%AI24ACP*("MABA%P*GJC*#%"RAACAC*)"*G44&4)*i2)R(*U%")A4)GJ)4*G4*)(A$*4"2'()
)"*C%&BA*:#G&J*"2)*"I*)(A*3"M*R"2J)%&A4*"I*J"%)(MA4)*72%"#AD*?(&4*#%"H#)AC*:#G&J*)"
G))AH#)*G*R"JX2A4)*"I*7J'3GJCD*8GC*MAG)(A%*G&CAC*73&kG0A)(^4*JGB$*&J*CAIAG)&J'*)(A
:#GJ&4(P*GJC*4(A*)""K*)(&4*G4*G*4&'J*)(G)*<"C*#%AIA%%AC*U%")A4)GJ)4D*:(A*G'G&J*4ABA%AC
7J'3GJC^4*)&A4*M&)(*)(A*!G)("3&R*!(2%R(D
73&kG0A)(*C&AC*&J*./-bP*3AGB&J'*J"*(A&%*)"*)(A*)(%"JAD*dGHA4*OP*)(A*4"J*"I*6G%$*q2AAJ*"I
:R")4P*)""K*"BA%D*1A*MG4*G*U%")A4)GJ)P*GJC*2JCA%*(&4*%23AP*)(A*9&J'*dGHA4*8&03A*MG4
)%GJ4R%&0ACD*O)*%AHG&J4*)"*)(&4*CG$*)(A*H"4)*IGH"24*BA%4&"J*"I*)(A*8&03AD*O)*MG4*&J*)(&4
4A))&J'*)(G)*G*'%"2#*"I*7J'3&4(*:A#G%G)&4)4P*M("*0A3&ABAC*)(G)*)(A*=J'3&RGJ*!(2%R(*(GC*J")
'"JA*IG%*AJ"2'(*&J*#2%'&J'*!G)("3&R*%&)2G34*GJC*#2%&I$&J'*)(A*R(2%R(P*CAR&CAC*)(G)*)(A$*(GC
)"*3AGBA*7J'3GJC*&J*"%CA%*)"*#%GR)&RA*%A3&'&"J*G4*)(A$*0A3&ABAC*&)*4("23C*0A*#%GR)&RACD*?(A$
&J&)&G33$*3AI)*I"%*1"33GJC*&J*./-lP*M(A%A*)(A$*M"23C*4)G$*I"%*.,*$AG%4*&J*)(A*R&)$*"I*;A&CAJD
?(A%A*)(A$*I"%'AC*G*3&IA*I"%*)(AH4A3BA4P*02)*&)*MG4*BA%$*C&_R23)D*?(A$*M"%KAC*&J*)(A*R3")(P
RG%#AJ)%$P*)G&3"%P*GJC*#%&J)A%*&JC24)%&A4P*02)*ABAJ*$"2J'*R(&3C%AJ*(GC*)"*M"%K*)"*42##"%)
)(A&%*IGH&3&A4D*53CA%*R(&3C%AJP*)&%AC*"I*)(A*C&_R23)*3&IA*GJC*32%AC*0$*)AH#)G)&"J4*"I*)(A*i2)R(
R23)2%AP*3AI)*)(A&%*IGH&3&A4*)"*0AR"HA*4"3C&A%4*"%*4G&3"%4D*?(A&%*#G%AJ)4*M"%%&AC*)(&4*M"23C
%A423)*&J*)(A*3"44*"I*)(A&%*"MJ*7J'3&4(*R23)2%G3*)%GC&)&"J4D*=CC&)&"JG33$P*)(A$*IAG%AC*GJ")(A%
MG%*0A)MAAJ*)(A*i2)R(*GJC*)(A*:#GJ&4(*MG4*&HH&JAJ)D*?(&4*3&IA*(GC*0AR"HA*4"*C&_R23)
GJC*2JRA%)G&J*I"%*)(A*:A#G%G)&4)4*)(G)*)(A$*CAR&CAC*)"*HGKA*GJ")(A%*H"BAP*"JA*)(G)*M"23C
%AX2&%A*H2R(*H"%A*R"2%G'A*)(GJ*)(A*#%AB&"24*"JAP*02)*)(A*("#A*"I*G*0A))A%*3&IA*4#2%%AC
)(AH*"JD*?(A$*H"BAC*0%&AV$*0GRK*)"*7J'3GJC*)"*4AR2%A*M(G)*)(A$*JAACAC*)"*HGKA*)(A
L"2%JA$D*c%"H*)(A%A*)(A$*4A)*4G&3*)"*)(A*@AM*F"%3C*M&)(*)(A*#3GJ*"I*A4)G03&4(&J'*G*IG%H&J'
R"HH2J&)$*&J*)(A*J"%)(A%J*#G%)*"I*)(A*[&%'&J&G*R"3"J$*)(G)*(GC*G3%AGC$*0AAJ*A4)G03&4(ACD
?(A$*M"23C*JAAC*G33*"I*)(A*R"2%G'A*)(A&%*("#A*#%"B&CACD

Chapter Two
The May$ower: The Ship
that Launched a Nation’s
Future
“There is little man has made that approaches anything in
nature, but a sailing ship does. There is not much man has
made that calls to the best in him, but a sailing ship does.”
—Allan Villiers

?(A*6G$V"MA%*)(G)*RG%%&AC*)(A*U&3'%&H4*)"*=HA%&RG*MG4*G*4HG33P*HA%R(GJ)*4(&#P*A4)&HG)AC
G)*G##%"Y&HG)A3$*.--*IAA)*&J*3AJ')(*eI%"H*)(A*H"4)*I"%MG%C*#G%)*"I*(A%*#%"M*)"*)(A*H"4)*GI)
#G%)*"I*)(A*42#A%4)%2R)2%A*"I*(A%*4)A%Jf*GJC*,a*IAA)*G)*(A%*M&CA4)*#"&J)P*G3)("2'(*)(A*AYGR)
T'2%A4*G%A*J")*KJ"MJD*?(A*4(&#*MG4*02&3)*0AI"%A*)(A*4)GJCG%C&kG)&"J*"I*42R(
HAG42%AHAJ)4P*GJC*)(24P*J"*C&HAJ4&"J4*"I*(A%*(233*RGJ*0A*4)G)AC*M&)(*RA%)G&J)$D*1A%
A4)&HG)AC*)"JJG'A*MG4*.l-*)"*,--*)"J4P*GJC*4(A*(GC*G*C%GI)*"I*G0"2)*.b*IAA)D*?(A
A4)&HG)A4*R"HA*I%"H*M(G)*(G4*0AAJ*'3AGJAC*I%"H*)(A*%AR"%C4*)(G)*(GBA*42%B&BACP
4#AR&TRG33$P*)(G)*4(A*MG4*RG#G03A*"I*RG%%$&J'*.l-*RG4K4*"I*M&JA*&J*(A%*RG%'"*("3CD*?(A*4(&#
MG4*3&KA3$*3G2JR(AC*G)*1G%M&R(*&J*)(A*!"2J)$*"I*744AYP*M(&R(*MG4*G34"*)(A*0&%)(#3GRA*"I*(A%
HG4)A%P*!(%&4)"#(A%*d"JA4D*?(A*U"%)*8""K4*"I*./-`]./..*3&4)*(A%*G4*g"I*1G%M&R(hP*)("2'(
3G)A%*U"%)*8""K4*C2%&J'*)(A*%A&'J*"I*dGHA4*O*e./-b]./,af*3&4)*(A%*G4*g"I*;"JC"JhD*?(A*JGHA
g6G$V"MA%h*MG4*#"#23G%*C2%&J'*)(&4*#A%&"CD*?(A%A*MA%A*,/*")(A%*6G$V"MA%4*3&4)AC*&J*)(A
U"%)*8""K4P*GJC*)(&4*(G4*RG24AC*4"HA*R"JI24&"J*"BA%*L24)*M(&R(*6G$V"MA%*RG%%&AC*)(A
U&3'%&H4S*("MABA%P*)(A*R"%%AR)*4(&#*&4*&CAJ)&TAC*M&)(*)(A*HG4)A%^4*JGHAP*)(A*("HA*#"%)P*GJC
)(A*A4)&HG)AC*)"JJG'AD*?(A*%AG4"J*I"%*)(A*#"#23G%&)$*"I*)(A*JGHA*(G4*JABA%*0AAJ
C&4R"BA%ACD

WAR"%C4*I%"H*./-`*T%4)*HGKA*HAJ)&"J*"I*!(%&4)"#(A%*d"JA4*G4*)(A*HG4)A%*GJC*#G%)*"MJA%
"I*)(A*4(&#*M(AJ*&)*MG4*R(G%)A%AC*I"%*G*B"$G'A*I%"H*;"JC"J*)"*@"%MG$*GJC*0GRK*0$
=JC%AM*UGM3&J'D*;&)&'G)&"J*)(G)*MG4*4)&33*"J'"&J'*G4*"I*./.,*%A423)AC*I%"H*)(G)*)%&#*GI)A%
0GC*MAG)(A%*RG24AC*)(A*3"44*"I*GJ*GJR("%*GJC*H2R(*"I*(A%*RG%'"D*;G)A%*%AR"%C4*HAJ)&"J
)(A*4(&#*M&)(*G*RG%'"*"I*M&JAP*B&JA'G%P*GJC*4G3)*GI)A%*)%&#4*)"*c%GJRAP*:#G&JP*GJC*<A%HGJ$D
8A)MAAJ*././*GJC*./,jP*)(A%A*&4*J"*I2%)(A%*HAJ)&"J*&J*)(A*%AR"%C4*"I*d"JA4^4*6G$V"MA%D
?(G)*&4*4"HAM(G)*2J242G3*I"%*G*4(&#*)(G)*M"23C*0A*AJ'G'AC*&J*)(&4*)$#A*"I*)%GCAP*02)*)(A
IGR)*)(A*4(&#*MG4*R"J)%GR)AC*)"*RG%%$*)(A*U&3'%&H4*HG$*AY#3G&J*)(&4P*"%*)(A*%AR"%C4*R"23C
(GBA*4&H#3$*0AAJ*3"4)*)(%"2'(*)&HAD
?(A*'AJA%G3*3G$"2)*"I*)(A*4(&#*&JR32CAC*)(%AA*HG4)4*\*)(A*H&kkAJ*HG4)P*M(&R(*M"23C*(GBA
0AAJ*GI)P*)(A*HG&J*HG4)P*M(&R(*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*3"RG)AC*GH&C4(&#4P*GJC*)(A*I"%AHG4)P
G3"J'*M&)(*G*4#%&)4G&3P*&J*)(A*0"M*G%AGD*?(A%A*MA%A*)(%AA*#%&HG%$*3ABA34*)(G)*&JR32CAC*)(A
HG&J*CARKP*G*'2J*CARKP*GJC*G*RG%'"*("3CD*O)*MG4*)$#&RG3*I"%*)%GC&J'*4(&#4*)"*0A*I233$*G%HAC
"J*%"2)A4*G%"2JC*72%"#A*0ARG24A*"I*)(A*#"44&0&3&)$*"I*AJR"2J)A%&J'*#&%G)A4*GJC*#%&BG)AA%4P
GJC*G34"P*M&)(*)(A*G%HGHAJ)P*)(A*4(&#*GJC*R%AM*R"23C*0A*RG33AC*&J)"*C2)$*0$*)(A*7J'3&4(
H"JG%R(*&I*G*R"JV&R)*M&)(*")(A%*JG)&"J4*0%"KA*"2)D

?(A*GI)*#G%)*"I*)(A*HG&J*CARK*M"23C*(GBA*&JR32CAC*)(A*HG4)A%^4*RG0&J*GJC*)(A*4)AA%G'A
%""HD*WG)(A%*)(GJ*G*M(AA3P*M(&R(*M"23C*R"HA*3G)A%P*4(A*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*4)AA%AC*M&)(*G
M(&#4)GZ*eGJ*AY)AJ4&"J*"I*)(A*)&33A%fD*?(A*4(&#^4*R"H#G44P*GJC*3&KA3$*G34"*)(A*0A%)(4*I"%*)(A
4(&#^4*"_RA%4P*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*&J*)(&4*G%AG*G4*MA33D*?(A*RG#4)GJP*M(&R(*MG4*GJ*GY3A*24AC*)"
#233*&J*%"#A4*"%*RG03A4P*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*I"%MG%C*"I*)(A*4)AA%G'A*%""HP*GJC*IG%*I"%MG%CP
L24)*0A(&JC*)(A*0"MP*MG4*)(A*I"%ARG4)3AP*M(&R(*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*M(A%A*)(A*4(&#^4*R""K
#%A#G%AC*HAG34*GJC*G34"*#"44&03$*M(A%A*)(A*4G&3"%4*43A#)D

?(A*6G$V"MA%^4*#G44AJ'A%4*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*("24AC*"J*)(A*'2J*CARKP*&J*G*4#GRA
G##%"Y&HG)A3$*a-*IAA)*0$*,a*IAA)*M&)(*G*TBA]I"")*RA&3&J'D*?(A*'2J*%""H*&)4A3I*M"23C*(GBA
0AAJ*3"RG)AC*&J*)(A*4)A%J*G%AG*"J*)(&4*CARKP*GJC*)(A*#G44AJ'A%4*M"23C*J")*(GBA*(GC*GRRA44
)"*&)D*?(A*'2J*%""H*&4*M(A%A*)(A*'2J#"MCA%P*GHH2J&)&"JP*GJC*")(A%*MAG#"J4*"%*%A3G)AC
AX2&#HAJ)*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*4)"%ACD*?(A*M&JC3G44P*GJ*GY3A*4&H&3G%*&J*I2JR)&"J*)"*)(A
RG#4)GJ*02)*24AC*)"*%G&4A*GJC*3"MA%*)(A*GJR("%P*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*3"RG)AC*I"%MG%C*"J*)(A
'2J*CARKD*=RRA44*)"*)(A*HG&J*CARK*I%"H*)(&4*3ABA3*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*B&G*)(A*24A*"I*G*M""CAJ
"%*%"#A*3GCCA%P*G4*)(A%A*MA%A*J"*4)G&%4D*=CC&)&"JG33$P*)(A%A*MG4*J"*3G)%&JA*"J*)(A*4(&#S*)(A
R%AM*(GC*)"*IAJC*I"%*)(AH4A3BA4*&J*)(G)*%A'G%CP*GJC*)(A*#G44AJ'A%4*3&KA3$*24AC*G*02RKA)
G_YAC*)"*)(A*CARK*)"*KAA#*&)*I%"H*L"4)3&J'*G0"2)*C2%&J'*)(A*B"$G'AD

?(A*'2J*CARK*G%HGHAJ)*&JR32CAC*G*H&J&"J*RGJJ"J*HGCA*"I*0%G44*MA&'(&J'*G##%"Y&HG)A3$
.P,--*#"2JC4D*O)*MG4*)(A*3G%'A4)*'2J*G0"G%CP*GJC*R"23C*4("")*G*bDa]#"2JC*RGJJ"J0G33
G3H"4)*G*H&3AD*?(A%A*MG4*G34"*G*4GKA%*RGJJ"J*eJGHAC*I"%*G*IG3R"J%$*0&%C*&J*)(A*6&CC3A*7G4)f
MA&'(&J'*G0"2)*l--*#"2JC4P*GJC*)M"*0G4A*RGJJ"J4P*AGR(*MA&'(&J'*G##%"Y&HG)A3$*,--
#"2JC4D*?(A*4GKA%*MG4*RG#G03A*"I*T%&J'*G*a*#"2JC*%"2JC*4(")P*M(&3A*)(A*)M"*0G4A*RGJJ"J4
R"23C*T%A*b]*)"*a]"2JRA*0G334D*?(A*4(&#*RG%%&AC*G)*3AG4)*)AJ*#&ARA4*"I*"%CJGJRA*"J*0")(*)(A
#"%)*GJC*4)G%0"G%C*4&CA4*"I*)(A*'2J*CARKP*GJC*)M"*g4)A%J*R(G4A%4hP*4HG33*RGJJ"J4*24AC*)"
T%A*"2)*)(A*0GRK*"I*)(A*4)A%JD*?(A*AYGR)*J2H0A%4*"I*"%CJGJRA*G%A*J")*KJ"MJP*02)*%AR"%C4
C"*4("M*)(G)*)(A*4(&#^4*HG4)A%*2J3"GCAC*I"2%*#&ARA4*"I*G%HGHAJ)*I"%*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*)"*24A
4("23C*)(A$*0A*JAACACP*GJC*(A*M"23C*J")*(GBA*C"JA*4"*&I*(A*C&CJ^)*IAA3*R"HI"%)G03A*M&)(
M(G)*(A*(GC*3AI)*"J*0"G%C*)(A*4(&#D

?(A*)(&%C*#%&HG%$*3ABA3P*)(A*RG%'"*("3CP*MG4*3"RG)AC*0A3"M*)(A*'2J*CARKP*GJC*)(&4*&4*M(A%A
)(A*#G44AJ'A%4*M"23C*(GBA*4)"%AC*)(A&%*42##3&A4P*&JR32C&J'*I""CP*H2R(*"I*M(&R(*3&KA3$
R"J4&4)AC*"I*3&BA*GJ&HG34D*O)*G34"*M"23C*(GBA*(A3C*)(A&%*#A%4"JG3*MAG#"J4*GJC*H&3&)G%$
AX2&#HAJ)P*R3")(&J'P*0ACC&J'P*GJC*K&)R(AJ*2)AJ4&34D*:"HA*"I*)(A*#&3'%&H4*G34"*0%"2'()
)%GCA*'""C4*"J*0"G%CP*GJC*)(A4A*3&KA3$*M"23C*(GBA*0AAJ*4)"%AC*&J*)(A*RG%'"*("3C*G4*MA33D

OJ&)&G33$P*)(A%A*MA%A*)M"*4(&#4*(&%AC*)"*RG%%$*)(A*#&3'%&H4*)"*=HA%&RGD*?(A*6G$V"MA%P*)(A
3G%'A%*"I*)(A*)M"P*MG4*(&%AC*I"%*)%GJ4#"%)*GJC*AY#3"%G)&"J*4A%B&RA4D*?(A*")(A%*4(&#*MG4*)(A
:#AACMA33P*"%&'&JG33$*JGHAC*)(A*:M&I)42%AP*GJC*&)*MG4*)"*RG%%$*b.*#G44AJ'A%4*)"*)(A*@AM
F"%3CD*=*#&JJGRA*"%*4HG33*g%GRA]02&3)h*'G33A"JP*&)*MG4*R"J4)%2R)AC*&J*.amm*GJC*(GC*0AAJ*#G%)
"I*)(A*7J'3&4(*VAA)*)(G)*CAIAG)AC*)(A*:#GJ&4(*=%HGCG*2JCA%*73&kG0A)(*OD*?(A*JGHA*MG4
R(GJ'AC*I%"H*:M&I)42%A*)"*:#AACMA33*GI)A%*)(A*("4)&3&)&A4*M&)(*:#G&J*AJCAC*GJC*)(A*4(&#
MG4*CAR"HH&44&"JACD*1A%*HG4)A%*I"%*)(A*B"$G'A*)"*=HA%&RG*MG4*"JA*"I*)(A*;A&CAJ
:A#G%G)&4)4P*G*!G#)G&J*83"44"HD*?(A*4(&#*4A)*4G&3*M&)(*)(A*6G$V"MA%*"J*=2'24)*aP*./,-P*02)
)(A*:#AACMA33*MG4*3AGK&J'P*GJC*0")(*4(&#4*#2)*&J)"*#"%)*G)*iG%)H"2)(*I"%*%A#G&%4D*5J*)(A
4AR"JC*G))AH#)P*)(A$*(GC*4G&3AC*G0"2)*b--*JG2)&RG3*H&3A4*M(AJP*"JRA*G'G&JP*)(A*:#AACMA33
MG4*I"2JC*)"*0A*3AGK&J'D*8")(*4(&#4*)(AJ*%A)2%JAC*)"*U3$H"2)(*M(A%A*..*"I*)(A*b.
#G44AJ'A%4*"J*0"G%C*)(A*:#AACMA33*)%GJ4IA%%AC*)"*)(A*6G$V"MA%*)"*4A)*4G&3*I"%*=HA%&RGD
?(A*%AHG&J&J'*,-*#G44AJ'A%4*%A)2%JAC*)"*;"JC"JD

?(A%A*G%A*R"H#A)&J'*)(A"%&A4*G0"2)*M($*)(A*:#AACMA33*3AGKACD*5JA*"I*)(A*#&3'%&H4P
@G)(GJ&A3*U(&30%&RK*R&)AC*g"BA%HG4)&J'hP*G*HG4)*)(G)*MG4*)""*3G%'A*I"%*)(A*4(&#*GJC
)(A%AI"%A*4)%G&JAC*)(A*(233P*G4*)(A*#%"03AH*)(G)*RG24AC*)(A*3AGK&J'D*82)P*F&33&GH*8%GCI"%CP
M(&3A*J")&J'*)(G)*)(A*4(&#*MG4*"BA%HG4)ACP*G))%&02)AC*)(A*HG&J*RG24A*"I*)(A*3AGK*)"
&J)AJ)&"JG3*GR)&"J4*)GKAJ*0$*)(A*R%AMD*=J")(A%*#G44AJ'A%P*W"0A%)*!24(HGJP*M%")A*)(G)*)(A
3AGK&J'*MG4*RG24AC*0$*G*3""4A*0"G%C*G##%"Y&HG)A3$*)M"*IAA)*&J*3AJ')(D*F(G)ABA%*)(A*RG24AP
)(A*4(&#*MG4*2JG03A*)"*HGKA*)(A*B"$G'AD
?(A%A*&4*G34"*HAJ)&"J*&J*4"HA*%AR"%C4*"I*)(A*6G$V"MA%^4*R"H#GJ&"J*4(&#P*)(A*:2##3$P
HGK&J'*)(A*B"$G'A*3G)A%*&J*)(A*$AG%D*O)*%A#"%)AC3$*4A)*4G&3*)(%AA*MAAK4*GI)A%*)(A*6G$V"MA%
"J*:A#)AH0A%*.lP*./,-*I%"H*8%&4)"3P*7J'3GJC*M&)(*a-*#G44AJ'A%4P*02)*)(A*%AR"%C4*"I*&)4
G%%&BG3*&J*)(A*@AM*F"%3C*'&BA*R"JV&R)&J'*CG)A4*M&)(*4"HA*4G$&J'*dGJ2G%$*,`*"I*./,-*%G)(A%
)(GJ*./,.D*c&JG33$P*G*4AR"JC*6G$V"MA%*4G&3AC*)"*)(A*@AM*F"%3C*&J*./,`P*G3H"4)*G*CARGCA
3G)A%D*O)*MG4*RG%%$&J'*ba*#G44AJ'A%4P*HGJ$*"I*M("H*(GC*0AAJ*I"%RAC*)"*%AHG&J*&J*7J'3GJC
0ARG24A*"I*)(A*3AGK$*:#AACMA33*&J*./,-D*?(&4*4(&#*3AI)*I"%*)(A*U3$H"2)(*R"3"J$*&J*6G$*"I
./,`*GJC*G%%&BAC*&J*=2'24)*"I*)(G)*$AG%D*O)*3G)A%*HGCA*I"2%*H"%A*)%&#4*)"*=HA%&RG*GJC
G))AH#)AC*G*TI)(D*O)*MG4*"J*)(A*TI)(*)%&#*)"*[&%'&J&G*&J*5R)"0A%*"I*./j.*)(G)*)(A*4(&#
CA#G%)ACP*02)*JABA%*G%%&BACD*=*CA#"4&)&"J*%A'G%C&J'*&)4*3"44*MG4*HGCA*&J*5R)"0A%*"I*./j,D

!(%&4)"#(A%*d"JA4^*6G$V"MA%P*)(A%AI"%AP*4A)*4G&3*G3"JA*I"%*=HA%&RG*"J*:A#)AH0A%*/P*./,-
M&)(*.-,*#G44AJ'A%4D*?(A*#G44AJ'A%*3&4)*MG4*G4*I"33"M4Q

.D* d"(J*=3CAJ
,D* O4GGR*GJC*6G%$*e@"%%&4f*=33A%)"JP*GJC*R(&3C%AJ*8G%)("3"HAMP*WAHAH0A%P*GJC*6G%$
bD* d"(J*=33A%)"J
jD* d"(J*GJC*73AGJ"%*8&33&J')"JP*GJC*4"J4*d"(J*GJC*c%GJR&4D
aD* F&33&GH*GJC*i"%")($*e6G$f*8%GCI"%C
/D* F&33&GH*GJC*6G%$*8%AM4)A%P*GJC*R(&3C%AJ*;"BA*GJC*F%A4)3&J'
mD* W&R(G%C*8%&))A%&C'A
lD* UA)A%*8%"MJA
`D* F&33&GH*82))AJ
.-D* W"0A%)*!G%)A%
..D* d"(J*GJC*9G)(A%&JA*eF(&)Af*!G%BA%
.,D* dGHA4*GJC*6%4D*!(&3)"JP*GJC*CG2'()A%*6G%$
.bD* W&R(G%C*!3G%KA
.jD* c%GJR&4*!""KA*GJC*4"J*d"(J
.aD* 12H&3&)$*!""#A%
./D* d"(J*!%GRK4)"JA*GJC*4"J*d"(J
.mD* 7CMG%C*i")$
.lD* c%GJR&4*GJC*:G%G(*7G)"JP*GJC*4"J*:GH2A3
.`D* ?("HG4*7J'3&4(
,-D* 6"4A4*c3A)R(A%
,.D* 7CMG%C*GJC*6%4D*c233A%P*GJC*4"J*:GH2A3
,,D* :GH2A3*c233A%
,bD* W&R(G%C*<G%C&JA%
,jD* d"(J*<""CHGJ
,aD* F&33&GH*1"30ARK
,/D* d"(J*1""KA
,mD* :)A#(AJ*GJC*73&kG0A)(*ec&4(A%f*1"#K&J4*GJC*R(&3C%AJ*!"J4)GJRAP*<&3A4*GJC*iGHG%&4S
4"J*5RAGJ24*MG4*0"%J*C2%&J'*)(A*B"$G'AD
,lD* d"(J*1"M3GJC
,`D* d"(J*;GJ'H"%A
b-D* F&33&GH*;G)(GH
b.D* 7CMG%C*;A&4)A%
b,D* 7CH2JC*6G%'A44"J
bbD* !(%&4)"#(A%*GJC*6G%$*eU%"MA%f*6G%)&J
bjD* iA4&%A*6&J)A%
baD* 733AJP*dG4#A%P*W&R(G%CP*GJC*6G%$*6"%A
b/D* F&33&GH*GJC*=3&RA*6233&J4*GJC*R(&3C%AJ*U%&4R&33G*GJC*d"4A#(
bmD* iA'"%$*U%&A4)
blD* :"3"H"J*U%"MA%
b`D* d"(J*GJC*=3&RA*W&'4CG3A
j-D* ?("HG4*W"'A%4*GJC*4"J*d"4A#(
j.D* 1AJ%$*:GH4"J
j,D* <A"%'A*:"23A
jbD* 6$3A4*GJC*W"4A*:)GJC&4(
jjD* 73&G4*:)"%$
jaD* 7CMG%C*?("H#4"J
j/D* 7CMG%C*GJC*='JA4*e!""#A%f*?&33A$
jmD* d"(J*GJC*d"GJ*e12%4)f*?&33A$*GJC*CG2'()A%*73&kG0A)(
jlD* ?("HG4*GJC*6%4D*?&JKA%P*GJC*G*4"J
j`D* F&33&GH*?%AB"%A
a-D* d"(J*?2%JA%P*GJC*)M"*4"J4
a.D* W&R(G%C*FG%%AJ
a,D* F&33&GH*GJC*:24GJJG*F(&)AP*GJC*4"J*WA4"3BAC*e4"J*UA%A'%&JA*MG4*0"%J*4(&#0"G%C*&J
U%"B&JRA)"MJ*1G%0"%*GI)A%*G%%&BG3fD
abD* W"'A%*F&3CA%
ajD* ?("HG4*F&33&GH4
aaD* 7CMG%C*GJC*73&kG0A)(*e8G%KA%f*F&J43"M
a/D* <&30A%)*F&J43"M
amD* g6%D*73$h
alD* i"%")($*ed"(J*!G%BA%^4*HG&C4A%BGJ)f

Chapter Three
Voyage to a New World:
The Contract and the
Crossing
“Hark, now hear the sailors’ cry, smell the sea, and feel the
sky. Let your soul and spirit $y, into the Mystic….”
—Van Morrison

F(AJ*)(A*:A#G%G)&4)4*HGCA*)(A*CAR&4&"J*)"*3AGBA*1"33GJC*GJC*4A)*4G&3*I"%*=HA%&RGP*)(A$*C&C
J")*(GBA*)(A*H"JA$*)"*#G$*I"%*ABA%$)(&J'*)(A$*JAACAC*)"*HGKA*)(A*R%"44&J'D*?(A$*(GC*)"
4AAK*G44&4)GJRA*I%"H*&JBA4)"%4P*GJC*#A%H&44&"J*I%"H*AY&4)&J'*3GJC("3CA%4*)"*4A))3A*&J*)(A
@AM*F"%3CD*?(A$*M"23C*J")*0A*)(A*T%4)*)"*G%%&BA*&J*=HA%&RGP*GJC*&)*MG4*J")*)(A&%*&J)AJ)*)"
I"%H*G*JAM*JG)&"JD*?(A&%*("#A*MG4*)"*R"J)&J2A*3&B&J'*G4*7J'3&4(*R&)&kAJ4P*02)*&J*G*#3GRA
M(A%A*)(A$*R"23C*#%GR)&RA*)(A&%*%A3&'&"J*G4*)(A$*IA3)*&)*4("23C*0A*#%GR)&RACD*?(A$*(GC
R"J4&CA%AC*4A))3&J'*&J*744AX2&0"P*G*R"3"J$*A4)G03&4(AC*0$*)(A*i2)R(*&J*<2&GJGP*02)*R"3"J&A4
&J*[&%'&J&G*MA%A*"3CA%P*GJC*)(A$*IA3)*)(A4A*H&'()*0A*H"%A*4AR2%A*)(GJ*)(A*"JA*&J*<2&GJGD
?(A$*C&C*J")*MGJ)*)"*3&BA*)""*R3"4A*)"*")(A%*7J'3&4(*R&)&kAJ4P*("MABA%P*G4*)(A$*MGJ)AC*)(A
I%AAC"H*)"*3&BA*G4*)(A&%*0A3&AI4*C&R)G)ACD

?(A$*4AJ)*W"0A%)*!24(HGJ*GJC*d"(J*!G%BA%*)"*JA'")&G)A*M&)(*)(A*;"JC"J*!"H#GJ$*I"%
#A%H&44&"J*)"*4A))3A*"J*)(A&%*3GJC4*&J*)(A*@AM*F"%3CD*?(A*;"JC"J*!"H#GJ$*MG4*"JA*"I*)M"
R"H#GJ&A4*)(G)*(GC*R3G&HAC*)A%%&)"%$*G3"J'*)(A*AG4)*R"G4)*"I*@"%)(*=HA%&RGD*?(A*")(A%
R"H#GJ$P*)(A*U3$H"2)(*!"H#GJ$P*(GC*'"JA*"2)*"I*024&JA44*&J*./-`P*GJC*)(A*;"JC"J
!"H#GJ$*MG4*)(AJ*'%GJ)AC*GJ*AY)AJ4&"J*I%"H*g4AG*)"*4AGhD*?(A*;"JC"J*!"H#GJ$*(GC
0AAJ*R23)&BG)&J'*4MAA)A%*4)%G&J4*"I*)"0GRR"*&J*=HA%&RG*02)*4)%2''3AC*M&)(*3G0"%*4("%)G'A4D
=4*G*%A423)P*&)*(GC*&J4)&)2)AC*G*4$4)AH*"I*&JCAJ)2%AC*4A%B&)2CAP*M(&R(*MG4*MA33]A4)G03&4(AC
0$*)(A*)&HA*)(A*U&3'%&H4*M"23C*HGKA*)(A&%*B"$G'AD

?(A%A*MA%A*4ABA%G3*CA3G$4*&J*)(A*JA'")&G)&"J4*0A)MAAJ*)(A*;"JC"J*!"H#GJ$*GJC*)(A
:A#G%G)&4)4P*02)*GJ*G'%AAHAJ)*MG4*TJG33$*%AGR(ACD*O)*4)G)AC*)(G)*ABA%$*&JC&B&C2G3*./*$AG%4
"I*G'A*GJC*"3CA%*M"23C*M"%KP*)(A$*M"23C*#""3*)(A*&JR"HA*GJC*C&B&CA*&)*AX2G33$*)"*#G$*I"%
M(G)*)(A$*JAACAC*)"*3&BAP*GJC*G33*"I*)(A&%*#%"T)4*M"23C*'"*)(A*;"JC"J*!"H#GJ$D*?(&4
G'%AAHAJ)*M"23C*0A*&J*#3GRA*I"%*4ABAJ*$AG%4P*GJC*G*3G)A*R(GJ'A*)"*)(A*G'%AAHAJ)
4)&#23G)AC*)(G)P*G)*)(A*AJC*"I*)(A*4ABAJ]$AG%*#A%&"CP*(G3I*"I*)(A*3GJC*)(A*U&3'%&H4*(GC*0AAJ
'%GJ)AC*M"23C*%ABA%)*)"*&JBA4)"%4D*?(&4*R(GJ'A*(GC*0AAJ*JA'")&G)AC*"J*0A(G3I*"I*JAM
&JBA4)"%4P*GH"J'*)(AH*?("HG4*FA4)"J^4*6A%R(GJ)*=CBAJ)2%A%4P*GJC*J")*G33*"I*)(A*U&3'%&H4
MA%A*&JI"%HAC*"I*)(&4*3G4)*R(GJ'A*0AI"%A*)(A&%*CA#G%)2%AD*?(A*G'%AAHAJ)*I2%)(A%*4)G)AC
)(G)P*M(&3A*)(A$*MA%A*I%AA*)"*#%GR)&RA*)(A&%*%A3&'&"J*G4*)(A$*4GM*T)P*&)*M"23C*J")*0A*"_R&G33$
%AR"'J&kAC*0$*)(A*R%"MJD*?(A&%*CA4)&JG)&"J*&J*GRR"%CGJRA*M&)(*)(&4*G'%AAHAJ)*MG4*3GJC
J"%)(*"I*)(A*AY&4)&J'*[&%'&J&G*)A%%&)"%$*M(&R(*M"23C*0A*RG33AC*@AM*7J'3GJCD*6"%A"BA%P*4"*&)
MG4*)(G)*)(A*U&3'%&H4*(GC*)(A*RG#&)G3*GJC*#A%H&44&"J*)(A$*JAACAC*)"*HGKA*)(A*B"$G'AD

=I)A%*)M"*IG&3AC*CA#G%)2%A*G))AH#)4*M&)(*)(A*:#AACMA33P*)(A*6G$V"MA%*CA#G%)AC*G'G&JP*)(&4
)&HA*4"3"P*"J*:A#)AH0A%*/P*./,-P*M&)(*.-,*U&3'%&H4*GJC*4"HA*,a*\*b-*"_RA%4*GJC*R%AMP
0%&J'&J'*)(A*)")G3*)"*G##%"Y&HG)A3$*.b-*#A"#3A*"J*0"G%CD*?(A*#G44AJ'A%4*(GC*0AAJ*3&B&J'
"J*0"G%C*)(A*4(&#*I"%*JAG%3$*G*H"J)(*GJC*G*(G3I*G)*)(A*)&HA*4(A*4G&3AC*\*)(&4*(GC*I2%)(A%
CA#3A)AC*)(A&%*G3%AGC$*3"M*#%"B&4&"J4D*:)&33P*)(A*4(&#*CA#G%)AC*I%"H*U3$H"2)(*M&)(*)(A*("#A
"I*G*0A))A%*3&IAP*)("2'(*4"HA*(&4)"%&GJ4*G%'2A*)(G)*&)*HGCA*GJ")(A%*4)"#*&J*@AM3$J*&J
!"%JMG33*)"*#&RK*2#*I%A4(*MG)A%D*?(A*MG)A%*)(A$*(GC*'"))AJ*&J*U3$H"2)(*MG4*0A3&ABAC*)"
(GBA*RG24AC*R("3A%G*&J*)(A*R&)$P*GJC*)(A$*MGJ)AC*)"*%A#3GRA*&)D*?(A%A*&4*G*#3GX2A*&J*@AM3$J
)(G)*R"HHAH"%G)A4*)(A*(&4)"%&GJ*M("*2JR"BA%AC*)(&4*3&))3A]KJ"MJ*GJC*4)&33*R"J)%"BA%4&G3
CA)G&3D

?(A*B"$G'A*M"23C*)GKA*//*CG$4*GJC*R"4)*)M"*3&BA4D*OJ&)&G33$P*)(A*4G&3&J'*MG4*4H"")(P*GJC*)(A
U&3'%&H4*"J3$*(GC*)"*R"J)AJC*M&)(*4AG]4&RKJA44*GJC*R%GH#AC*X2G%)A%4D*8$*5R)"0A%P
("MABA%P*G*J2H0A%*"I*4)"%H4*&J*)(A*@"%)(*=)3GJ)&R*0G))A%AC*)(A*4(&#D*5JA*4)"%H*R%GRKAC
"JA*"I*)(A*M""CAJ*0AGH4*42##"%)&J'*)(A*I%GHA*"I*)(A*4(&#P*GJC*&)*MG4*)(A*#G44AJ'A%4*M("
MA%A*G03A*)"*G44&4)*&J*&)4*%A#G&%D*?(A$*(GC*0%"2'()*G3"J'*G*LGRK4R%AMP*G*3G%'A*&%"J*4R%AMP*GJC
)(A$*MA%A*G03A*)"*4AR2%A*)(A*0AGH*24&J'*)(&4*CAB&RAD*O)*MG4*G34"*C2%&J'*"JA*"I*)(A4A*4)"%H4
)(G)*"JA*"I*)(A*R%AM*MG4*4MA#)*"BA%0"G%C*GJC*C&ACD*5JA*"I*)(A*U&3'%&H4P*F&33&GH*8%GCI"%CP
M%")A*)(G)*&)*MG4*<"C^4*#%"B&CAJRA*4&JRA*)(A*$"2J'*HGJ*MG4*#%"IGJAP*R2%4&J'*)(A
#G44AJ'A%4*GJC*)A33&J'*)(AH*)(G)*(A*M"23C*)(%"M*)(AH*"BA%0"G%CD*=J")(A%*$"2J'*HGJP
d"(J*1"M3GJCP*MG4*G34"*4MA#)*"BA%0"G%CP*02)*(A*MG4*4GBACD*?(A*")(A%*CAG)(*MG4*G
#G44AJ'A%P*G*4A%BGJ)*JGHAC*F&33&GH*82))AJP*M("*C&AC*G4*)(A*4(&#*JAG%AC*&)4*CA4)&JG)&"JD
5JA*R(&3C*MG4*0"%J*"J*)(A*B"$G'A*)"*:)A#(AJ*GJC*73&kG0A)(*1"#K&J4D*?(A*R(&3CP*G*0"$P*MG4
JGHAC*5RAGJ24*)"*R"HHAH"%G)A*)(A*B"$G'AD

O)*&4*(G%C*)"*&HG'&JA*L24)*("M*C&_R23)*)(&4*R%"44&J'*M"23C*(GBA*)%23$*0AAJD*?(A%A*MA%A*.-,
#G44AJ'A%4*R%GH#AC*&J)"*G*4#GRA*"I*G##%"Y&HG)A3$*a-*IAA)*0$*,a*IAA)P*M&)(*J"*I"%H*"I
)AH#A%G)2%A*"%*R3&HG)A*R"J)%"3*\*J"*(AG)*"%*G&%*R"JC&)&"J&J'D*?(A%A*MG4*J"*#%&BGR$P*J"
4GJ&)G%$*0G)(%""H*IGR&3&)&A4P*I""C*MG4*&J*4("%)*42##3$P*GJC*HGJ$*#A"#3A*MA%A*4AG4&RKD
=CC&)&"JG33$P*)(A*MGBA4*MA%A*02ZA)&J'*)(A*4(&#P*)(A*#($4&RG3*CAHGJC4*"I*G44&4)&J'*)(A*R%AM
&JR%AG4AC*)(A*3ABA3*"I*AY(G24)&"JP*GJC*GCCAC*)"*G33*"I*)(&4*MG4*)(A*2JRA%)G&J)$*"I*M(G)*3G$
G(AGCD*5JA*RGJ*"J3$*&HG'&JA*)(A*L"$*)(A$*H24)*(GBA*IA3)*G)*)(A*4&'()*"I*3GJC*M(AJ*"J
@"BAH0A%*`P*./,-P*)(A$*4&'()AC*M(G)*&4*J"M*!G#A*!"CP*MA33*J"%)(*"I*)(A&%*&J)AJCAC
CA4)&JG)&"JP*02)*3GJC*J"JA)(A3A44D*=I)A%*)%$&J'*)"*4G&3*4"2)(*)"*)(A&%*&J)AJCAC*CA4)&JG)&"JP
4)%"J'*4AG4*I"%RAC*)(AH*0GRK*&J)"*M(G)*&4*J"M*U%"B&JRA)"MJ*1G%0"%*G)*)(A*J"%)(A%J*)&#*"I
!G#A*!"CP*M(A%A*)(A$*TJG33$*GJR("%ACD*O)*MG4*3&KA3$*J"*AYG''A%G)&"J*M(AJ*F&33&GH*8%GCI"%C
M%")AP*gr)(A$*IA33*2#"J*)(A&%*KJAA4*GJC*03A44AC*)(A*<"C*"I*(AGBAJP*M("*(GC*0%"2'()*)(AH
"BA%*)(A*BG4)*GJC*I2%&"24*"RAGJP*GJC*CA3&BA%AC*)(AH*I%"H*G33*)(A*#A%&34*GJC*H&4A%&A4
)(A%A"IhD

Chapter Four
Plymouth: Arrival in
America
“One’s destination is never a place, but a new way of seeing
things.”
—Henry Miller

F(&3A*)(A*HGL"%&)$*"I*)(A*#G44AJ'A%4*"J*)(A*6G$V"MA%*MA%A*7J'3&4(*:A#G%G)&4)4P*M("*RG33AC
)(AH4A3BA4*:G&J)4P*)(A%A*MA%A*G34"*4"HA*GCBAJ)2%A%4*GJC*)%GCA4HAJP*M("H*)(A
:A#G%G)&4)4*RG33AC*:)%GJ'A%4D*O)*MG4*"J3$*3G)A%*)(G)*0")(*'%"2#4*MA%A*%AIA%%AC*)"*R"33AR)&BA3$
G4*U&3'%&H4*"%*U&3'%&H*cG)(A%4D*F(AJ*)(A*4(&#*HGCA*GJR("%*MA33*)"*)(A*J"%)(*"I*)(A
&J)AJCAC*CA4)&JG)&"JP*4"HA*"I*)(A*:)%GJ'A%4*42''A4)AC*)(G)*4&JRA*)(A$*(GC*J"*#G)AJ)*e"%
G'%AAHAJ)f*I"%*)(&4*3GJCP*)(A$*MA%A*)(AJ*I%AA*)"*C"*G4*)(A$*#3AG4ACD*?(&4*#%"H#)AC*)(A
")(A%4*)"*A4)G03&4(*G*#%"B&4&"JG3*'"BA%JHAJ)*&J*)(A*I"%H*"I*G*4"R&G3*R"J)%GR)*)(G)*M"23C
(A3#*)"*AJ42%A*"%CA%*GJC*I"%*)(A*4GKA*"I*42%B&BG3D*?(A*%A423)*MG4*)(A*6G$V"MA%*!"H#GR)D
?(A*"%&'&JG3*C"R2HAJ)*MG4*3"4)*)(%"2'(*)&HAP*02)*)(%AA*BA%4&"J4*AY&4)*I%"H*)(A*.m)(
RAJ)2%$D*?M"*"I*)(A4A*MA%A*M%&))AJ*0$*F&33&GH*8%GCI"%CP*"JA*#%&J)AC*&J*6"2%)^4*WA3G)&"J*&J
./,,*GJC*)(A*")(A%*(GJCM%&))AJ*0$*8%GCI"%C*&J*(&4*L"2%JG3P*5I*U3&H"2)(*U3GJ)G)&"J*&J*./j/D
?(A4A*)M"*BA%4&"J4*R"J)G&J*BA%$*4&H&3G%*M"%C&J'*GJC*#%"0G03$*H"4)*GRR2%G)A3$*%AVAR)*)(A
M"%C&J'*"I*)(A*"%&'&JG3*C"R2HAJ)D*?(A*!"H#GR)*%AGC4*G4*I"33"M4Q

gOJ*)(A*JGHA*"I*<"CP*=HAJD*FAP*M("4A*JGHA4*G%A*2JCA%M%&))AJP*)(A*3"$G3*420LAR)4*"I*"2%
C%AGC*:"BA%A&'J*;"%C*9&J'*dGHA4P*0$*)(A*<%GRA*"I*<"CP*"I*<%AG)*8%&)G&JP*c%GJRAP*GJC
O%A3GJCP*9&J'P*iAIAJCA%*"I*)(A*cG&)(P*A)RD

1GB&J'*2JCA%)GKAJP*I"%*)(A*<3"%$*"I*<"CP*GJC*GCBGJRAHAJ)4*"I*)(A*!(%&4)&GJ*IG&)(*GJC
("J"%*"I*"2%*9&J'*GJC*!"2J)%$P*G*B"$G'A*)"*#3GJ)*)(A*T%4)*R"3"J$*&J*)(A*@"%)(A%J*#G%)4*"I
[&%'&J&GP*C"*0$*)(A4A*#%A4AJ)4P*4"3AHJ3$*GJC*H2)2G33$P*&J*)(A*#%A4AJRA*"I*<"CP*GJC*"JA
GJ")(A%P*R"BAJGJ)*GJC*R"H0&JA*"2%4A3BA4*)"'A)(A%*&J)"*G*R&B&3*0"C$*#"3&)&RS*I"%*"2%*0A))A%
"%CA%&J'P*GJC*#%A4A%BG)&"J*GJC*I2%)(A%GJRA*"I*)(A*AJC4*GI"%A4G&CS*GJC*0$*B&%)2A*(A%A"I*)"
AJGR)P*R"J4)&)2)AP*GJC*I%GHAP*42R(*L24)*GJC*AX2G3*3GM4P*"%C&JGJRA4P*GR)4P*R"J4)&)2)&"J4P*GJC
"_RA4P*I%"H*)&HA*)"*)&HAP*G4*4(G33*0A*)("2'()*H"4)*HAA)*GJC*R"JBAJ&AJ)*I"%*)(A*'AJA%G3
'""C*"I*)(A*R"3"J$S*2J)"*M(&R(*MA*#%"H&4A*G33*C2A*420H&44&"J*GJC*"0AC&AJRAD

OJ*M&)JA44*M(A%A"I*MA*(GBA*(A%A2J)"*4204R%&0AC*"2%*JGHA4*G)*!G#A*!"C*)(A*..)(*"I
@"BAH0A%P*&J*)(A*$AG%*"I*)(A*%A&'J*"I*"2%*:"BA%A&'J*;"%C*9&J'*dGHA4P*"I*7J'3GJCP*c%GJRAP
GJC*O%A3GJCP*)(A*A&'()AAJ)(P*GJC*"I*:R")3GJC*)(A*TI)$]I"2%)(P*./,-hD

@")A*)(A*)(G)*)(A*24A*"I*)(A*M"%C*C%AGC*&J*%AIA%AJRA*)"*9&J'*dGHA4*24A4*)(A*G%R(G&R
CATJ&)&"J*M(&R(*HAGJ4*GMA*GJC*%ABA%AJRA*I"%*)(A*K&J'D*?(A*!"H#GR)*MG4*G##%"BAC*0$*)(A
HGL"%&)$*"I*A3&'&03A*B")A%4P*M(&R(*C&CJ^)*&JR32CA*M"HAJ*GJC*R(&3C%AJD*O)*MG4*4&'JAC*0$*)(A*j.
HG3A*#G44AJ'A%4D*?(A*6G$V"MA%*!"H#GR)*&4*4AAJ*)"*R"J)G&J*)(A*4AAC4*"I*)(A*CAH"R%GR$
)(G)*M"23C*3G)A%*0A*A4)G03&4(AC*G4*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4P*GJC*4"HA*(GBA*%AIA%%AC*)"*&)*G4*)(A
M"%3C^4*T%4)*M%&))AJ*R"J4)&)2)&"JD*F&)(*G*#%"B&4&"JG3*'"BA%JHAJ)*&J*#3GRAP*)(A*U&3'%&H4*J"M
4A)*)(AH4A3BA4*)"*)(A*)G4K*"I*3"RG)&J'*G*42&)G03A*G%AG*I"%*4A))3AHAJ)D

5J*@"BAH0A%*,mP*./,-P*GJ*AY#3"%G)"%$*AY#AC&)&"J*3AC*0$*!G#)G&J*d"JA4*GJC*6$3A4*:)GJC&4(
eGJ*7J'3&4(*4"3C&A%*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*(GC*HA)*&J*;A&CAJf*3AI)*)"*TJC*G*42&)G03A*3"RG)&"J*I"%*G
4A))3AHAJ)D*=I)A%*AJR"2J)A%&J'*%"2'(*4AG4P*)(A$*MA%A*I"%RAC*)"*4#AJC*)(A*J&'()*"J*4("%A*&J
420]kA%"*)AH#A%G)2%A4*M&)(*MA)*R3")(&J'*GJC*4("A4D*8%GCI"%C*3G)A%*M%")A*)(G)*"I*)("4A*M("
M"23C*C&A*)(G)*T%4)*M&J)A%S*4ABA%G3*gRG2'()h*)(A&%*CAG)(*G4*G*%A423)*"I*)(&4*AY#AC&)&"JD
iA4#&)A*)(A*%"2'(*J&'()P*)(A$*3"RG)AC*GJ*AH#)$*JG)&BA*B&33G'AP*J"M*KJ"MJ*G4*!"%J*1&33*&J
?%2%"D*?(A$*C2'*2#*4"HA*H"2JC4*GJC*I"2JC*R"%J*4)"%A4*GJC*4"HA*02%&G34D*@G)(GJ&A3
U(&30%""K*R(G%GR)A%&kAC*)(A*C&4R"BA%$*G4*3"")&J'*GJC*4)AG3&J'P*M(&R(*4#G%KAC*)AJ4&"J4*M&)(
)(A*JG)&BA4P*02)*8%GCI"%C*M%")A*)(A$*"J3$*)""K*4"HA*"I*)(A*R"%JP*GJC*)("2'(*)(A$*3G)A%
)""K*H"%A*R"%JP*)(A$*#G&C*)(A*JG)&BA4*0GRK*M&)(&J*4&Y*H"J)(4P*GJC*)(A$*e)(A*JG)&BA4f*MA%A
4G)&4TAC*M&)(*)(G)D

8$*iARAH0A%P*H"4)*"I*)(A*#G44AJ'A%4*GJC*R%AM*MA%A*4&RKD*6"4)*(GC*B&"3AJ)*R"2'(4*3&KA3$
RG24AC*0$*#JA2H"J&G*GJC*)20A%R23"4&4P*02)*HGJ$*MA%A*G34"*42ZA%&J'*I%"H*4R2%B$P*M(&R(
%A423)4*I%"H*G*CATR&AJR$*"I*B&)GH&J*!D*iA4#&)A*)(A*&33JA44P*AY#3"%G)&"J4*4AAK&J'*G*42&)G03A
4A))3AHAJ)*4&)A*%A42HAC*"J*iARAH0A%*/D*?(&4*)&HAP*)(A*AY#3"%G)&"J*R%AM*AJR"2J)A%AC*)(A
T%4)*JG)&BA*#A"#3A*)(A$*M"23C*4AAD*?(A$*(AGCAC*4"2)(*G3"J'*)(A*!G#AS*)(A*G%AG*M(A%A*)(A$
3GJCAC*MG4*&J(G0&)AC*0$*)(A*@G24A)*#A"#3AP*GJ*=3'"JX2&J]4#AGK&J'*@"%)(*=HA%&RGJ*@G)&BA
)%&0A*)(G)*&J(G0&)AC*H"4)*"I*M(G)*&4*J"M*!G#A*!"CD*?(A*@G)&BA*#A"#3A*"I*)(A*G%AG*(GC
AJR"2J)A%AC*)(A*7J'3&4(*0AI"%A*M(AJ*?("HG4*12J)*(GC*G%%&BAC*G*IAM*$AG%4*AG%3&A%*GJC
G))AH#)AC*)"*K&CJG#*HGJ$*"I*)(AH*)"*4A33*G4*43GBA4*&J*7J'3GJCD*F(AJ*c%GJR&4RGJ*I%&G%4
C&4R"BA%AC*M(G)*12J)*MG4*)%$&J'*)"*C"P*)(A$*)""K*)(A*JG)&BA4*)"*4GIA)$D*5JA*"I*)(A
G0C2R)AA4P*G*@G)&BA*JGHAC*:X2GJ)"P*(GC*G3%AGC$*0AAJ*)"*7J'3GJCP*M(A%A*(A*(GC*3AG%JAC
7J'3&4(D*1A*M"23C*3G)A%*0AR"HA*GJ*G33$*)"*)(A*U&3'%&H4*&J*)(A&%*R"3"J$*G)*U3$H"2)(D

8ARG24A*"I*12J)^4*GR)&"J4P*)(A*@G)&BA*#A"#3A*)(G)*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*&J&)&G33$*4GM*MA%A*MG%$*"I
)(A*7J'3&4(*GJC*VAC*2#"J*4AA&J'*)(AHD*?(A$*3G)A%*4(")*G)*)(AH*M&)(*G%%"M4P*)("2'(*J"*"JA
MG4*&JL2%ACD*?(A*R"3"J&4)4*R"J)&J2AC*&J*)(A&%*4AG%R(*I"%*G*42&)G03A*4A))3AHAJ)*G%AG*)"*M(G)
&4*J"M*i2Y02%$*GJC*U3$H"2)(*0G%%&A%*0AGR(A4D*O)*MG4*GR%"44*I%"H*GJ*&43GJC*)(A$*(GC
4)2H03AC*"J)"P*M(&R(*)(A$*JGHAC*!3G%K^4*O43GJC*I"%*)(A*&JC&B&C2G3*M("*T%4)*4A)*I"")*"J*&)P
M(A%A*)(A$*23)&HG)A3$*42%BA$AC*)(A*G%AG*)(G)*M"23C*0AR"HA*)(A*4A))3AHAJ)D*?(A*G%AG*(GC
G3%AGC$*0AAJ*R3AG%AC*GJC*(GC*)G33*(&334P*M(&R(*HGCA*I"%*G*'""C*CAIAJ4&BA*#"4&)&"JD*O)*MG4
KJ"MJ*G4*UG)2YA)*)"*)(A*FGH#GJ"G'*#A"#3AP*M("*(GC*G0GJC"JAC*)(A*4&)A*4"HA*)(%AA
$AG%4*0AI"%A*GI)A%*G*#3G'2A*(GC*K&33AC*HGJ$*"I*)(A&%*#A"#3AD*?(A$*CA4R%&0AC*)(A*&33JA44*G4
&JB"3B&J'*(AH"%%(G'&J'P*GJC*H"4)*AY#A%)4*)"CG$*0A3&ABA*&)*MG4*3&KA3$*A&)(A%*I23H&JG)&J'
4HG33#"YP*&J)%"C2RAC*0$*72%"#AGJ4P*"%*3A#)"4#&%"4&4P*G34"*KJ"MJ*G4*)(A*4ABAJ]CG$*IABA%D

?(A*R"3"J&4)4*0A'GJ*R"J4)%2R)&"J*&HHAC&G)A3$P*GJC*)(A*T%4)*R"HH"J*("24A*MG4*R"H#3A)AC
"J*dGJ2G%$*`P*./,.D*?"*H&J&H&kA*)(A*J2H0A%*"I*("24A4*)(A$*JAACAC*)"*02&3CP*4&J'3A*HAJ
MA%A*"%CA%AC*)"*L"&J*M&)(*"JA*"I*)(A*.`*IGH&3&A4D*7GR(*IGH&3$*MG4*G33"))AC*G*#3")*"I*3GJC*GJC
)(AJ*(GC*)"*02&3C*)(A&%*"MJ*CMA33&J'D*>#"J*&)4*R"H#3A)&"JP*)(A*T%4)*("24A*02&3)*0ARGHA*)(A
T%4)*("4#&)G3*I"%*&33*U&3'%&H4D*8$*)(A*AJC*"I*cA0%2G%$P*b.*&JC&B&C2G34*(GC*C&AC*I%"H*&33JA44S*0$
)(A*AJC*"I*6G%R(P*"I*)(A*U&3'%&H4*M("*(GC*0AR"HA*&33P*"J3$*jm*42%B&BAC*)(A&%*&33JA44D*=)*)(G)
)&HAP*"J3$*ab*R"3"J&4)4*)")G3*(GC*42%B&BAC*)(A*M"%4)*"I*)(A*M&J)A%D*5BA%*(G3I*)(A*R%AM*(GC
G34"*C&ACD*=*(&33*"BA%3""K&J'*)(A*4&)A*0ARGHA*)(A*T%4)*RAHA)A%$P*G3)("2'(*)(A*R"3"J&4)4
R("4A*)"*3A)*&)*0AR"HA*"BA%'%"MJ*M&)(*'%G44*4"*)(G)*)(A*@G)&BA4*M"23C*J")*4AA*("M
MAGKAJAC*)(A*R"3"J$*(GC*0AR"HAD*i2%&J'*)(A*02&3C&J'*"I*)(A*("HA4P*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*(GC
3&BAC*"J*0"G%C*)(A*6G$V"MA%D*5J*6G%R(*,.P*./,.P*)(A*42%B&B&J'*R"3"J&4)4*C&4AH0G%KAC*)(A
6G$V"MA%*)"*3&BA*&J*)(A*JAM3$*R"J4)%2R)AC*4A))3AHAJ)*"I*U3$H"2)(*e"%&'&JG33$*4#A33AC
U3&H"2)(fD*F&)(*)(A*(A3#*"I*!G#)G&J*d"JA4P*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*H"2J)AC*4&Y*RGJJ"J4*"J*)(A*(&33
"BA%3""K&J'*)(A*4A))3AHAJ)*)"*0A*24AC*I"%*CAIAJ4&BA*#2%#"4A4D

c"%*(&4*#G%)P*!G#)G&J*d"JA4*(GC*"%&'&JG33$*#3GJJAC*)"*%A)2%J*)"*7J'3GJC*G4*4""J*G4*)(A
R"3"J&4)4*(GC*A4)G03&4(AC*)(A&%*R"3"J$D*1"MABA%P*4&JRA*(&4*HAJ*MA%A*4&RK*I%"H*)(A*4GHA
C&4AG4A4*)(G)*(GC*&JV&R)AC*)(A*R"3"J&4)4P*(A*MG4*"03&'AC*)"*MG&)*2J)&3*)(A$*MA%A*(AG3)($
AJ"2'(*)"*%A)2%JD*O)*M"23C*J")*0A*2J)&3*=#%&3*aP*./,.*)(G)*)(A*6G$V"MA%*M"23C*4A)*4G&3*)"
%A)2%J*)"*7J'3GJCD*?(A*4(&#*M"23C*G%%&BA*0GRK*&J*7J'3GJC*"J*6G$*/*GI)A%*IGB"%G03A*M&JC4
#24(AC*(A%*G3"J'*&J*3A44*)(GJ*(G3I*)(A*)&HA*&)*(GC*)GKAJ*)"*4G&3*)"*=HA%&RGD*!G#)G&J*d"JA4
M"23C*C&A*3A44*)(GJ*G*$AG%*3G)A%*"J*6G%R(*aP*./,,D*=4*I"%*)(A*6G$V"MA%P*GI)A%*"JA*H"%A
)%GC&J'*B"$G'AP*4(A*M"23C*3G$*&J*(A%*0A%)(*I"%*)(A*JAY)*)M"*$AG%4*J")*IG%*I%"H*)(A*'%GBA*"I
(A%*HG4)A%D*OJ*./,jP*4(A*MG4*J"*3"J'A%*R"J4&CA%AC*24AI23*G4*G*4(&#P*GJC*M(&3A*(A%*IG)A*&4
J")*G*HG))A%*"I*%AR"%CP*&)*&4*G442HAC*4(A*MG4*0%"KAJ*2#*G)*)(G)*)&HA./D*6GJ$*0A3&ABA*)(G)
)(A*)%&#*)"*)(A*@AM*F"%3C*(GC*)GKAJ*&)4*)"33*"J*!G#)G&J*d"JA4P*M("*C&AC*G)*G'A*a,D*UA%(G#4*&)
)""K*&)4*)"33*"J*)(A*4(&#*)(G)*HGCA*)(A*(&4)"%&R*R%"44&J'*G4*MA33D

Chapter Five
Of Pilgrims and Native
Americans: Early Life in
the Colonies
“Throw your dreams into space like a kite, and you do not
know what it will bring back, a new life, a new friend, a new
love, a new country.”
—Anais Nin

?(A*A4)G03&4(HAJ)*"I*)(A*R"3"J$*G)*U3$H"2)(*MG4*G*C&_R23)*)G4KD*?(A*=)3GJ)&R*R%"44&J'*GJC
)(A*T%4)*M&J)A%*"J*0"G%C*)(A*6G$V"MA%*(GC*)GKAJ*&)4*)"33*GJC*%AC2RAC*)(A*#"#23G)&"J*"I
)(A*R"3"J&4)4*)"*"J3$*ab*"I*)(A*"%&'&JG3*.-,*M("*HGCA*)(A*)%&#./D*c""C*MG4*4RG%RAP*GJC*)(A
R"3"J&4)4*(GC*0"%%"MACP*"%*0$*4"HA*GRR"2J)4*4)"3AJP*R"%J*I%"H*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ*4)"%A4
)(A$*I"2JC*&J*JAG%0$*B&33G'A4D*?(A$*(GC*HGJG'AC*)"*02&3C*)(A&%*4A))3AHAJ)*G)*U3$H"2)(P*02)
)(A$*4)&33*JAACAC*(A3#*M&)(*3AG%J&J'*G0"2)*3"RG3*R%"#4*4"*)(G)*)(A$*R"23C*42RRA44I233$*'%"M
GJC*4)"%A*)(A&%*"MJ*I""CD*8$*)(A*AJC*"I*=#%&3*"I*./,.P*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*MA%A*"J*)(A&%*"MJD*?(A
6G$V"MA%*(GC*%A)2%JAC*)"*7J'3GJCP*GJC*)(A*U&3'%&H4*MA%A*J"M*3&B&J'*&J*)(A&%*JAM
4A))3AHAJ)*./P.`D*?(A$*(GC*AJR"2J)A%AC*@G)&BA4*&J*)(A*G%AGS*4"HA*"I*)("4A*AJR"2J)A%4
(GC*0AAJ*R"J)AJ)&"24D*?(A$*(GC*(AG%C*)(AH*&J*)(A*M""C4*I"%*4ABA%G3*H"J)(4*0AI"%A*GJ$
%AG3*%A3G)&"J4(&#*MG4*I"%'ACD*c&JG33$P*)(A*FGH#GJ"G'*HGJ*:X2GJ)"P*M("*(GC*0AAJ
G0C2R)AC*GJC*)GKAJ*)"*7J'3GJCP*GJC*(GC*3AG%JAC*7J'3&4(*G4*G*%A423)P*A4)G03&4(AC*)(A*T%4)
%A3G)&"J4(&#*M&)(*)(A*R"3"J&4)4D*1A*GR)AC*G4*)(A&%*G33$*&J*JA'")&G)&"J4*M&)(*)(A*FGH#GJ"G'
R(&AIP*6G44G4"&)D

c%"H*)(A*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ*#"&J)*"I*B&AMP*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*MA%A*J")*)(A*T%4)*72%"#AGJ4*)(A$
(GC*AJR"2J)A%ACD*?(A$*(GC*#%AB&"24*AY#A%&AJRA4*M&)(*72%"#AGJ4P*GJC*)("4A*AY#A%&AJRA4
(GC*J")*0AAJ*#"4&)&BA*"JA4D*?(A*AY#AC&)&"J*M&)(*?("HG4*12J)*(GC*%A423)AC*&J*)(A
K&CJG##&J'*GJC*AJ43GBAHAJ)*"I*4ABA%G3*@G)&BA4D*=CC&)&"JG33$P*&J*)(A*$AG%4*0AI"%A*)(A*G%%&BG3
"I*)(A*U&3'%&H4P*)(A*FGH#GJ"G'*#A"#3A*M("*3&BAC*&J*)(A*G%AG*(GC*42ZA%AC*3G%'A*#"#23G)&"J
3"44A4*C2A*)"*G*#3G'2AD*7Y#A%)4*0A3&ABA*&)*)"*(GBA*A&)(A%*0AAJ*I23H&JG)&J'*4HG33#"Y*"%
3A#)"4#&%"4&4D*?(A$*(GC*#%AB&"243$*J2H0A%AC*&J*)(A*)("24GJC4P*02)*)(A*#3G'2A*%AC2RAC
)(A&%*#"#23G)&"J*)"*"J3$*G*IAM*(2JC%ACD*?(24P*)(A*@G)&BA4*MA%A*MA33]GRX2G&J)AC*M&)(*)(A
CGJ'A%4*#%A4AJ)AC*0$*)(A*R"3"J&4)4D*?(A$*MA%A*RG2)&"24*&J*)(A&%*G33&GJRAP*02)*0")(*JAACAC
AGR(*")(A%D*?(A*R"3"J&4)4*JAACAC*)(A*@G)&BA4*)"*(A3#*)(AH*3AG%J*("M*)"*M"%K*)(A*3GJC*GJC
TJC*I""CD*?(A*@G)&BA4P*4#AR&TRG33$*)(A*FGH#GJ"G'P*JAACAC*)(A*R"3"J&4)4*)"*(A3#*)(AH*T'()
)(A*"##%A44&"J*)(A$*IGRAC*I%"H*)(A&%*&J3GJC*%&BG3P*)(A*@G%%G'GJ4A))D*F&)(*)(A&%*#"#23G)&"J
CABG4)G)AC*0$*C&4AG4AP*)(A$*(GC*0AAJ*I"%RAC*)"*%A4)%2R)2%A*)(A&%*#"3&)&RG3*4$4)AH4P*GJC*)(A$
(GC*G3%AGC$*G'%AAC*)"*'&BA*2#*BG32G03A*)A%%&)"%$*)"*)(A*@G%%G'GJ4A))P*M("*(GC*3A44*R"J)GR)
M&)(*72%"#AGJ4*GJC*MA%A*J")*JAG%3$*4"*4ABA%A3$*GZAR)AC*0$*C&4AG4AD*?(24P*)(A*4)G'A*MG4
4A)*I"%*GJ*G33&GJRAP*GJC*&J*)(A*AJCP*&)*M"23C*3G4)*HGJ$*$AG%4D

OJ*6G%R(*"I*./,.P*M&)(*:X2GJ)"*GR)&J'*G4*HAC&G)"%P*6G44G4"&)*B&4&)AC*)(A*U3$H"2)(*R"3"J$
GJC*4&'JAC*GJ*G'%AAHAJ)*M&)(*)(A*U&3'%&H4D*?(A*G33&GJRA*0G4&RG33$*4)G)AC*)(G)*0")(*4&CA4
M"23C*G&C*AGR(*")(A%*M(AJ*JAACACP*GJC*&)*'GBA*)(A*U&3'%&H4*#A%H&44&"J*)"*)GKA*.,P---
GR%A4*"I*3GJC*I"%*U3$H"2)(*U3GJ)G)&"JD*6"CA%J*4R("3G%4*X2A4)&"J*M(A)(A%*6G44G4"&)*GJC
)(A*FGH#GJ"G'*2JCA%4)""C*)(A*R"JRA#)*"I*"MJA%4(&#*G4*)(A*7J'3&4(*)("2'()*"I*&)P*02)
)(A&%*#"#23G)&"J*(GC*0AAJ*4"*CABG4)G)AC*0$*C&4AG4A*)(G)*)(A*3"44*"I*)(A*GR%AG'A*HGCA*3&))3A
C&ZA%AJRAD*c"%*)(A*R"3"J&4)4P*)(A*@G)&BA4*)G2'()*)(AH*G0"2)*M(G)*)(A$*RG33AC*)(A*)(%AA
4&4)A%4*\*R"%JP*0AGJ4P*GJC*4X2G4(*\*GJC*("M*)"*R23)&BG)A*GJC*(G%BA4)*)(AHD*O)*3AC*)"*G
42RRA44I23*(G%BA4)*&J*)(A*=2)2HJ*"I*./,.P*4"HA)(&J'*)(A*U&3'%&H4*RA3A0%G)AC*M&)(*G*IAG4)*"I
)(GJK4'&B&J'D*?(&4*MG4P*&J*)(A*H&JC4*"I*H"4)*=HA%&RGJ4P*)(A*T%4)*?(GJK4'&B&J'P*)("2'(
HGJ$*G%'2A*&)*(G4*0AAJ*%"HGJ)&R&kAC*&J*)(A*(&4)"%$*0""K4D

=RR"2J)4*BG%$*R"JRA%J&J'*)(A*JG)2%A*"I*)(A*@G)&BA*#G%)&R&#G)&"J*&J*)(A*IAG4)*)(G)*(G4
0AR"HA*KJ"MJ*G4*)(A*T%4)*?(GJK4'&B&J'D*6"4)*=HA%&RGJ*(&4)"%$*0""K4*)AGR(*)(G)*)(A
@G)&BA4*MA%A*&JB&)AC*)"*)(A*RA3A0%G)&"J*GJC*#%"RAACAC*)"*AG)*GJC*RA3A0%G)A*M&)(*)(A
U&3'%&H4P*02)*HGJ$*4"2%RA4*C"20)*)(G)*3ABA3*"I*&J)A%GR)&"J*"RR2%%ACmP.mP.lP.`D*7CMG%C
F&J43"M*GJC*F&33&GH*8%GCI"%C*M%")A*G0"2)*&)P*("MABA%P*&J*H2R(*)(G)*MG$*&J*6"2%)^4
WA3G)&"Ja*GJC*5I*U3&H"2)(*U3GJ)G)&"J/D*?(A*FGH#GJ"G'*(&4)"%$*)A334*G*C&ZA%AJ)*4)"%$
M(A%A0$*@G)&BA4*MA%A*G3A%)AC*)"*)(A*RA3A0%G)&"J*0ARG24A*"I*'2JT%AD*@")*KJ"M&J'*M($*)(A
R"3"J&4)4*MA%A*4("")&J'*"Z*'2J4P*G0"2)*`-*FGH#GJ"G'*MG%%&"%4*%24(AC*)"*4AA*M(G)*MG4
(G##AJ&J'D*=I)A%*0A&J'*G442%AC*)(A%A*MG4*J"*G))GRKP*)(A$*4)G$AC*JAG%0$*)"*KAA#*GJ*A$A*"J
)(A*ABAJ)4P*GJC*"I*R"2%4AP*)(A$*(2J)AC*GJC*#%A#G%AC*)(A&%*"MJ*I""C*,-D*6"4)*C"*J")
CA0G)A*)(A*0")(*'%"2#4*MA%A*#%A4AJ)P*)("2'(*)(A*3ABA3*"I*&J)A%GR)&"J*0A)MAAJ*)(A*)M"
%AHG&J4*G*R"J)%"BA%4&G3*)"#&RD*=*IAM*")(A%4*G%'2A*)(A*T%4)*?(GJK4'&B&J'*C&C*J")*"RR2%*2J)&3
)M"*CARGCA4*3G)A%*&J*./bmP*02)*&)*&4*CA4R%&0AC*G4*"RR2%%&J'*&J*./,.*&J*G)*3AG4)*)M"*#%&HG%$
4"2%RA4D*OJ*.`m.P*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ*"%'GJ&kG)&"J4P*C2%&J'*G*%AJAMAC*#A%&"C*"I*GR)&B&4HP
CAR3G%AC*?(GJK4'&B&J'*G*g@G)&"JG3*iG$*"I*6"2%J&J'h*0ARG24A*"I*)(A*4204AX2AJ)
R"J4AX2AJRA4*"I*72%"#AGJ*R"J)GR)D

OJ*)(A*$AG%4*)(G)*I"33"MAC*)(G)*T%4)*?(GJK4'&B&J'P*H"%A*72%"#AGJ4*M"23C*G%%&BA*&J*@AM
7J'3GJCD*6A)GR"HA)P*)(A*4AR"JC*4"J*"I*FGH#GJ"G'*!(&AI*6G44G4"&)P*42RRAACAC*(&4*IG)(A%
&J*.//,D*1A*#%")A4)AC*)(A*R"J)&J2AC*AJR%"GR(HAJ)*"I*JAM3$*G%%&B&J'*72%"#AGJ4*&J)"*@G)&BA
)A%%&)"%$D*OJ*./m.P*R"3"J&4)4*I"%RAC*(&H*)"*4&'J*GJ")(A%*#AGRA*G'%AAHAJ)*)(G)*&JR32CAC
42%%AJCA%&J'*@G)&BA*'2J4D*OJ*./maP*)AJ4&"J4*A%2#)AC*GI)A%*U3$H"2)(*"_R&G34*(GJ'AC*)(%AA
@G)&BA4*I"%*H2%CA%&J'*GJ")(A%*@G)&BA*M("*(GC*R"JBA%)AC*)"*!(%&4)&GJ&)$D*?(&4*GR)&"J*MG4
)(A*TJG3*4)%GM*I"%*@G)&BA*'%"2#4*M("P*2JCA%*6A)GR"HA)^4*3AGCA%4(&#P*&J&)&G)AC*("4)&3&)&A4D
?(A*MG%*MG4*KJ"MJ*G4*9&J'*U(&3&#^4*FG%P*4"*JGHAC*0ARG24A*6A)GR"HA)*(GC*)GKAJ*)(A
JGHA*9&J'*U(&3&#*&J*("J"2%*"I*)(A*I%&AJC3$*%A3G)&"J4*A4)G03&4(AC*0A)MAAJ*(&4*IG)(A%*GJC*)(A
"%&'&JG3*U&3'%&H4D*?(A*MG%*M"23C*3G4)*2J)&3*./mlP*GJC*&)*&4*R"J4&CA%AC*0$*HGJ$*)"*0A*"JA*"I
)(A*H"4)*CAGC3$*MG%4*)(G)*"RR2%%AC*&J*)(A*(&4)"%$*"I*72%"#AGJ*4A))3AHAJ)D*OJ*3A44*)(GJ*G
$AG%P*.,*)"MJ4*MA%A*CA4)%"$ACP*)(A*R"3"J$^4*AR"J"H$*MG4*&J*%2&J4P*GJC*&)4*#"#23G)&"J*MG4
CAR&HG)ACD*=*I233*"JA])AJ)(*"I*G33*HAJ*GBG&3G03A*I"%*H&3&)G%$*4A%B&RA*MA%A*3"4)*M(AJ*%"2'(3$
.P---*R"3"J&4)4*MA%A*K&33ACD*=##%"Y&HG)A3$*bP---*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ4*C&ACP*)("2'(*H"4)3$
I%"H*C&4AG4AD*?(A*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ*MG%%&"%4*G))GRKAC*H"%A*)(GJ*(G3I*"I*)(A*)"MJ4*&J*@AM
7J'3GJCD*?(A*"_R&G3*T'()&J'*AJCAC*&J*@G)&BA*CAIAG)*M&)(*)(A*?%AG)$*"I*!G4R"*&J*./mlD*?(A
@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ*'%"2#4*3"4)*H"4)*"I*)(A*3GJC*&J*6G44GR(24A))4P*!"JJAR)&R2)P*GJC*W("CA
O43GJC*)("2'(*)(A$*%A)G&JAC*4"HA*R"J)%"3*"BA%*)(A&%*)A%%&)"%&A4*)"*)(A*J"%)(D*?(&4*MG4P*"I
R"2%4AP*"J3$*)(A*T%4)*"I*HGJ$*R"JV&R)4*)"*R"HA*0A)MAAJ*72%"#AGJ*4A))3A%4*GJC*@G)&BA
=HA%&RGJ4D

Chapter Six
Later Arrivals: Of Pilgrims
and Puritans
“The land $ourished because it was fed from so many
sources – because it was nourished by so many cultures
and traditions and peoples.”
—President Lyndon B. Johnson

6GJ$*#A"#3A*"I)AJ*R"JI24A*)(A*U&3'%&H4*GJC*)(A*U2%&)GJ4P*)(&JK&J'*)(A*)A%H4*G%A
&J)A%R(GJ'AG03AD*OJ*IGR)P*M(&3A*)(A*C&4)&JR)&"J*&4*G*TJA*"JAP*)(A$*G%A*C&ZA%AJ)*'%"2#4D*8")(
'%"2#4*MA%A*U%")A4)GJ)4P*02)*)(A$*C&ZA%AC*&J*)(A*CA'%AA*GJC*HGJJA%*)"*M(&R(*)(A$
0A3&ABAC*)(A*!(2%R(*4("23C*0A*#2%&TACD*?(A*U&3'%&H4*MA%A*7J'3&4(*U%")A4)GJ)*:A#G%G)&4)4D
;&KA*H"4)*U%")A4)GJ)4*"I*)(A*CG$P*)(A$*0A3&ABAC*)(A*!(2%R(*JAACAC*)"*0A*#2%&TACP*HAGJ&J'
R3AGJ4AC*I%"H*#G'GJ*R"%%2#)&"J4*GJC*!G)("3&R*%&)2G3D*?(A$*0A3&ABAC*)(G)*)"*C"*)(&4P
("MABA%P*)(A$*JAACAC*)"*4A#G%G)A*I%"H*)(A*!(2%R(*"I*7J'3GJC*R%AG)AC*0$*1AJ%$*[OOOD
8ARG24A*"I*&)4*)(A"3"'&RG3*GH0&'2&)$P*)(A$*IA3)*A44AJ)&G33$*)(G)*&)*MG4*J")*("3$*AJ"2'(*)"*42&)
)(A&%*JAAC4D*?(A*U2%&)GJ4P*"J*)(A*")(A%*(GJCP*C&C*J")*MGJ)*)"*4A#G%G)A*I%"H*)(A*=J'3&RGJ
!(2%R(D*?(A$*MGJ)AC*4&H#3$*)"*#2%&I$*&)D*?(A$*4"2'()*%AI"%H*&J*7J'3GJC*C2%&J'*)(A*./,-4P
GJC*"J3$*M(AJ*)(G)*IG&3AC*C&C*)(A$*CAR&CA*)"*HGKA*)(A*H"BA*)"*)(A*@AM*F"%3CD

?(A%A*MA%A*")(A%P*H"%A*420)3A*C&ZA%AJRA4*G4*MA33*0A)MAAJ*)(A*)M"*'%"2#4D*8")(*0A3&ABACP
G4*C&C*G33*U%")A4)GJ)4P*)(G)*)(A%A*MG4*J"*G2)("%&)$*0A$"JC*:R%&#)2%AD*F&)(*)(A*U&3'%&H4P*)(&4
(GC*)%GJ43G)AC*&J)"*G*H"%A*A'G3&)G%&GJ*H"CA*"I*3&B&J'D*?(A*U2%&)GJ4P*("MABA%P*0A3&ABAC*)(G)
%A3&'&"J*MG4*R"H#3AY*GJC*(&'(3$*&J)A33AR)2G3P*%AX2&%&J'*)%G&JAC*4R("3G%4*)"*&J)A%#%A)*)(A
4R%&#)2%A4D*?(G)*3AC*)"*G*(&A%G%R(&RG3*4)%2R)2%A*M&)(&J*)(A*U2%&)GJ*0A3&AI*4&JRA*4"HA*MA%A
H"%A*AC2RG)ACP*"%*H"%A*G##%"#%&G)A3$*AC2RG)ACP*)(GJ*")(A%4D*iA4#&)A*)(A*R3G44*C&4)&JR)&"J
)(G)*CABA3"#ACP*)(A*0A3&AI*C&C*AJR"2%G'A*H"%A*AC2RG)&"J*"BA%G33*G4*&)*CAHGJCAC*G*3ABA3*"I
3AG%J&J'*%A'G%C&J'*4G3BG)&"JP*GJC*)(&4*(GC*0AJATR&G3*AR"J"H&R*AZAR)4*G4*MA33D*?(A*%A423)
MG4*)(G)*)(A*U2%&)GJ4*MA%A*0A))A%*AC2RG)AC*GJC*0A))A%*TJGJRAC*&J*'AJA%G3*)(GJ*)(A
:A#G%G)&4)4D

OJ*)(A*$AG%4*I"33"M&J'*)(A*6G$V"MA%^4*B"$G'AP*4ABA%G3*")(A%*4(&#4*0%"2'()*0")(*U&3'%&H4
GJC*U2%&)GJ4*)"*)(A*R"3"J$*G)*U3$H"2)(*GJC*)(A*42%%"2JC&J'*G%AGD*?(A*c"%)2JA*G%%&BAC*&J
./,.*BA%$*4""J*GI)A%*)(A*?(GJK4'&B&J'*IAG4)D*?(&4*)%&#P*3&KA*)(G)*"I*)(A*6G$V"MA%P*MG4*G34"
TJGJRAC*0$*?("HG4*FA4)"J^4*&JBA4)HAJ)*'%"2#P*)(A*6A%R(GJ)*=CBAJ)2%A%4D*?(A*c"%)2JAP
("MABA%P*MG4*G*H2R(*4HG33A%*4(&#*)(GJ*)(A6G$V"MA%P*RG%%$&J'*"J3$*ba*#G44AJ'A%4P*"JA*"I
M("H*MG4*W"0A%)*!24(HGJP*"JA*"I*)(A*:A#G%G)&4)4*M("*(GC*4)G$AC*&J*;"JC"J*M(AJ*)(A
:#AACMA33*%A)2%JAC*)"*#"%)*)(A*TJG3*)&HAD*F(&3A*)(A*R"3"J$*JAACAC*H"%A*4A))3A%4P*)(A*4(&#
0%"2'()*J"*42##3&A4D*?(24P*)(A*G%%&BG3*"I*)(&4*4(&#*RG24AC*)(A*R"3"J$*H"%A*#%"03AH4*)(GJ*&)
4"3BACD*<"BA%J"%*F&33&GH*8%GCI"%C*(GC*)"*R2)*%G)&"J4*&J*(G3I*)"*GRR"HH"CG)A*)(A*JAM
G%%&BG34D

?("HG4*FA4)"J^4*6A%R(GJ)*=CBAJ)2%A%4*'%"2#*TJGJRAC*)M"*H"%A*4(&#4*&J*./,bP*)(A*=JJA
GJC*)(A*;&))3A*dGHA4D*?"'A)(A%*)(A$*0%"2'()*`-*H"%A*R"3"J&4)4P*G3)("2'(*HGJ$*"I*)("4A
MA%A*4AJ)*0GRK*)(A*JAY)*$AG%*GI)A%*0A&J'*L2C'AC*2JT)*I"%*)(A*)G4K*"I*3&B&J'*&J*42R(*G*(G%4(
AJB&%"JHAJ)D*=H"J'*)(A*`-*#G44AJ'A%4*M("*RGHA*"J*)(A4A*4(&#4P*/-*MA%A*7J'3&4(
:A#G%G)&4)4*M("*(GC*0AAJ*3&B&J'*&J*;A&CAJD*?(A*")(A%*b-*MA%A*#G%)*"I*G*'%"2#*3AC*0$*d"(J
53C(GHD*1&4*'%"2#*MG4*'&BAJ*G*4A#G%G)A*G%AG*)"*3&BA*&J*)(A*U3$H"2)(*R"3"J$P*02)*4"HA*"I
)(A*HAH0A%4P*&JR32C&J'*53C(GH*(&H4A3IP*RG24AC*#%"03AH4*I"%*)(A*R"3"J$P*%A423)&J'*&J*)(A&%
ABAJ)2G3*0GJ&4(HAJ)D*=I)A%*CA3&BA%&J'*)(A&%*RG%'"P*)(A*=JJA*%A)2%JAC*)"*7J'3GJCP*02)*)(A
;&))3A*dGHA4*%AHG&JAC*M&)(*)(A*R"3"J&4)4D

O)*M"23C*0A*GJ")(A%*4ABAJ*$AG%4*0AI"%A*)(A*T%4)*3G%'A*'%"2#*"I*U2%&)GJ4*M"23C*G%%&BA*&J
@AM*7J'3GJCD*?(A$*MA%A*3AC*0$*G*MAG3)($*7J'3&4(*U2%&)GJ*3GM$A%*JGHAC*d"(J*F&J)(%"#P
M("*MG4*G*3AGC&J'*T'2%A*&J*)(A*I"2JC&J'*"I*)(A*6G44GR(24A))4*8G$*!"3"J$D*1A*HGCA*)(A
CAR&4&"J*)"*H&'%G)A*)"*)(A*=HA%&RGJ*R"3"J&A4*GI)A%*)(A*%A3&'&"24*AJB&%"JHAJ)*&J*7J'3GJC
0ARGHA*&JR%AG4&J'3$*&J)"3A%GJ)*"I*U2%&)GJ4*GJC*")(A%*'%"2#4*)(G)*(GC*AHA%'AC*GI)A%*)(A
WAI"%HG)&"JD*9&J'*!(G%3A4*OP*M("*HG%%&AC*G*!G)("3&RP*)""K*4ABA%G3*4)A#4*)(G)*G3G%HAC
U2%&)GJ4*3&B&J'*&J*7J'3GJCD*1A*42##"%)AC*)(A*=J'3&RGJ*!(2%R(*&J*&)4*AZ"%)4*)"*"##%A44
%A3&'&"24*'%"2#4*)(G)*C&C*J")*4)%&R)3$*GC(A%A*)"*&)4*)AJA)4P*GJC*&J*./,`P*(A*C&44"3BAC
UG%3&GHAJ)P*GJ*GR)&"J*M(&R(*RG24AC*'%AG)*R"JRA%J*GH"J'*)(A*#%&JR&#G3*&JBA4)"%4*&J*)(A
6G44GR(24A))4*8G$*!"H#GJ$D*=I)A%*3"4&J'*(&4*#"4&)&"J*&J*)(A*!"2%)*"I*FG%C4*GJC*;&BA%&A4
GI)A%*)(A*R%GRKC"MJ*"J*U2%&)GJ4P*F&J)(%"#*0ARGHA*H"%A*&JB"3BAC*M&)(*)(A*R"H#GJ$*G4*G
#%"#"JAJ)*"I*AH&'%G)&"JD*F(AJ*)(A*R"H#GJ$*CAR&CAC*)"*AH&'%G)AP*F&J)(%"#*MG4*R("4AJ*)"
0A*'"BA%J"%*"I*)(A*JAM*R"3"J$D
=*VAA)*"I*..*4(&#4*RG%%$&J'*m--*H&'%GJ)4*3AI)*)(A*O43A*"I*F&'()*"J*=#%&3*lP*./b-D*?(A$*MA%A
0"2JC*I"%*)(A*@AM*F"%3C*GJC*M"23C*G%%&BA*&J*:G3AH*&J*d2JA*"I*)(G)*$AG%D*F(AJ*)(A$
G%%&BACP*)(A$*MA%A*MA3R"HAC*0$*d"(J*7JCAR"))P*M("*(GC*0AAJ*4AJ)*)(A%A*&J*./,l*)"
#%A#G%A*I"%*)(A&%*G%%&BG3D*?(A$*ABAJ)2G33$*A4)G03&4(AC*)(A&%*R"3"J$*"J*)(A*:(GMH2)
UAJ&J423GP*M(A%A*)(A$*I"2JCAC*M(G)*&4*J"M*)(A*R&)$*"I*8"4)"J,D*?(A4A*MA%A*)(A*T%4)*"I
HGJ$*U2%&)GJ*AY#AC&)&"J4*)(G)*M"23C*I"33"MP*GJC*)(A&%*&H#GR)*M"23C*AY)AJC*)"*)(A*BA%$
R"%A*"I*M(G)*MG4*)"*0AR"HA*=HA%&RGJ*BG32A4D

Chapter Seven
Lasting Impacts: The
Ideology that Shaped a
Nation
“In America, we have a Declaration of Independence, but
our history, our advancements, our global strength all
point to an American declaration of interdependence.”
—Cory Booker

5JA*)(&J'*)(G)*G33*"I*)(A*AG%3$*R"3"J&G3*%A4&CAJ)4*4(G%ACP*U&3'%&H4*GJC*U2%&)GJ4*G3&KAP*&4*G
(&4)"%$*"I*%A3&'&"24*"##%A44&"JD*F(&3A*)(A$*MA%A*0$*J"*HAGJ4*)"3A%GJ)*&J*)(A*H"CA%J*4AJ4A
"I*)(A*M"%CP*)(A*#32%G3&4H*)(G)*AY&4)AC*&J*)(A*AG%3$*R"3"J&A4P*GJC*)(A*JAAC*I"%*ABA%$"JA*)"
'A)*G3"J'*&J*"%CA%*)"*42%B&BAP*R%AG)AC*G*IA%)&3A*'%"2JC*I"%*)(A*R"JRA#)*"I*3"J'])A%H
)"3A%GJRAP*ABAJ*)("2'(*)(G)*R"JRA#)*MG4*J")*%AG3&kAC*G)*)(A*)&HAD*?(A*IGR)*)(G)*)(A$*(GC
0AAJ*CAJ&AC*)(A*I%AAC"H*)"*#%GR)&RA*)(A&%*%A3&'&"J*0$*)(A*H"JG%R($P*G*'"BA%JHAJ)*M(&R(
R"23C*RG#%&R&"243$*R(GJ'A*%A3&'&"24*G33A'&GJRA*G)*M&33P*#%"B"KAC*G*%A4&4)GJRA*)"MG%C
'"BA%JHAJ)*&JV2AJRA*"BA%*%A3&'&"24*#%GR)&RAD*?("2'(*)(A4A*AG%3$*R"3"J&4)4*(GC*J")(&J'*)"
C"*M&)(*)(A*R%AG)&"J*"I*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4*"I*=HA%&RGP*4"HA*"I*)(A*I"2JC&J'*IG)(A%4*C&C
4(G%A*)(A&%*B&AM4D*F(A)(A%*"%*J")*)(A*U&3'%&H4*GJC*U2%&)GJ4*M"23C*(GBA*G##%"BAC*"I*)(A
R"JRA#)*"I*%A3&'&"24*I%AAC"HP*)(A&%*%A4&4)GJRA*)"*#A%4AR2)&"J*GJC*CA4&%A*)"*#%GR)&RA*)(A&%
0A3&AI4*#%"B&CAC*G*I"2JCG)&"J*I"%*)(A*4A#G%G)&"J*"I*R(2%R(*GJC*4)G)A*)(G)*AY&4)4*&J*)(A
!"J4)&)2)&"J*"I*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4*)"CG$D*O)*%AHG&J4P*&J*IGR)P*"JA*"I*)(A*H"4)*&H#"%)GJ)
#%&JR&#3A4D*c2%)(A%H"%AP*)(A&%*M&33&J'JA44*)"*R"JI%"J)*M(G)*)(A$*R"J4&CA%AC*GJ*2JIG&%
4$4)AH*GJC*%A0A3*G'G&J4)*&)*#%"B&CAC*&J4#&%G)&"J*I"%*=HA%&RG^4*"MJ*%AB"32)&"J*)"*R"HAD

?(A*U&3'%&H4*GJC*)(A*U2%&)GJ4*#3G$AC*GJ*ABAJ*3G%'A%*%"3AP*("MABA%P*&J*4(G#&J'*=HA%&RGJ
R(G%GR)A%D*?(A*IGR)*)(G)*)(A$*#3GRAC*G*'%AG)*BG32A*"J*4A3I]%A3&GJRA*GJC*H2)2G3*%A4#AR)P*G3"J'
M&)(*)(A&%*AH#(G4&4*"J*(G%C*M"%KP*(A3#AC*4(G#A*)(A*=HA%&RGJ*R"JRA#)*"I*&JC&B&C2G3&4HD
=CC&)&"JG33$P*)(A&%*%A4&4)GJRA*)"*M(G)*)(A$*R"J4&CA%AC*GJ*2JL24)*4$4)AHP*0")(*%A3&'&"243$
GJC*#"3&)&RG33$P*#%"H")AC*GJ*GJ)&]G2)("%&)G%&GJ*)%GC&)&"J*GJC*(A3#AC*CABA3"#*G*4)%"J'*4AJ4A
"I*4A3I]GMG%AJA44*G4*MA33*G4*GJ*&JCA#AJCAJ)*G))&)2CAD*c2%)(A%H"%AP*G4*U2%&)GJ4*AX2G)AC
HG)A%&G3*MAG3)(*M&)(*<"C^4*IGB"%P*)(A*&CAG34*"I*(G%C*M"%K*GJC*)(%&I)*3AGC&J'*)"*G*'%AG)A%
GRX2&4&)&"J*"I*MAG3)(*G%A*3"'&RG3*#%"C2R)4*"I*)(G)*0A3&AID*?(A4A*R"JRA#)4*R"H0&JAC*M&)(*G
4)%"J'*4AJ4A*"I*H&44&"J*G%A*#A%BG4&BA*&J*H"CA%J*=HA%&RGJ*4"R&A)$D*c&JG33$P*)(A*6G$V"MA%
!"H#GR)*&4*R"J4&CA%AC*0$*HGJ$*)"*(GBA*3AC*)"*)(A*0&%)(*"I*=HA%&RGJ*CAH"R%GR$D*O)*&JR32CAC
R"JRA#)4*42R(*G4*4A3I]'"BA%JHAJ)*GJC*)(A*&CAG*)(G)*R"BAJGJ)4*I"%H*R"HH2J&)&A4D*?(A
3G))A%*%A423)AC*&J*=HA%&RG^4*T%4)*CAH"R%G)&R*&J4)&)2)&"JP*)(A*)"MJ*HAA)&J'D

?("2'(*)(A%A*MA%A*HGJ$*'""C*&CAG34*)(G)*U&3'%&H*GJC*U2%&)GJ*0A3&AI4*R"J)%&02)AC*)"*)(A
4(G#&J'*"I*)(A*JG)&"J*)(G)*M"23C*0AR"HA*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4P*)(A%A*MA%A*4"HA*2JVG))A%&J'
"JA4*G4*MA33D*?(A&%*M&33&J'JA44*)"*)GKA*M(G)ABA%*)(A$*JAACAC*I%"H*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ4*3G&C
)(A*I"2JCG)&"J*I"%*)(A*%A3G)&"J4*)"*R"HAD*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ4*M"23C*42ZA%*'%AG)3$*I%"H*)(A&%
4204AX2AJ)*&J)A%GR)&"J4*M&)(*72%"#AGJ4P*GJC*H"CA%J*CG$*@G)&BA*=HA%&RGJ4*4)&33*3&BA*M&)(
)(G)*3A'GR$D*=I)A%*)(A&%*#"#23G)&"J4*(GC*0AAJ*CAR&HG)AC*0$*C&4AG4AP*)(A&%*#"3&)&RG3*GJC
4"R&G3*&CAJ)&)&A4*MA%A*R"H#3A)A3$*%A4)%2R)2%ACD*;G)A%*AJR%"GR(HAJ)*&J)"*@G)&BA*)A%%&)"%&A4
M"23C*23)&HG)A3$*%A423)*&J*)(A*%A3"RG)&"J*"I*@G)&BA*'%"2#4*)"*%A4A%BG)&"J4P*H"4)*"I*M(&R(
MA%A*3"RG)AC*&J*G%AG4*M(A%A*)(A*3GJC*MG4*J")*G%G03A*GJC*(GC*J"*AB&CAJ)*BG32AD*?(A*%A423)
MG4*4$4)AHG)&kAC*"##%A44&"J*)(G)*%A423)AC*&J*(&'(*3ABA34*"I*#"BA%)$P*C&4AG4AP*GJC*4204)GJRA
G024A*&J*)(A*#"#23G)&"J4*)(G)*&J(G0&)*)(A*%A4A%BG)&"J4D*?(G)*&4*4)&33*AB&CAJ)*)"CG$D

Conclusion
?(A*4)"%$*"I*)(A*6G$V"MA%*GJC*&)4*#G44AJ'A%4*&4*GJ*&R"J&R*)G3A*&J*=HA%&RGJ*(&4)"%$D
WA'G%C3A44*"I*("M*"JA*#A%RA&BA4*)(A*0A3&AI4*"%*ABAJ*)(A*GR)&"J4*"I*)(A*U&3'%&H4*GJC*)(A
U2%&)GJ4*M("*I"2JCAC*)(A*AG%3&A4)*=HA%&RGJ*R"3"J&A4P*)(A%A*&4*J"*CAJ$&J'*)(A*R"2%G'A*)(A$
(GC*&J*HGK&J'*)(A*L"2%JA$*GJC*I"%'&J'*G*JAM*3&IA*&J*G*JAM*M"%3CD*?"*3AGBA*)(A*%A3G)&BA
R"HI"%)*"I*)(A&%*("HA4*&J*"%CA%*)"*%AHG&J*)%2A*)"*)(A&%*R"JB&R)&"J4P*)"*2JCA%)GKA*G*#A%&3"24
L"2%JA$*)"*GJ*2JKJ"MJ*CA4)&JG)&"JP*GJC*)"*)(AJ*(GBA*)"*02&3C*\*0$*(GJC*\*)(A&%*"MJ*("HA4
&J*G*0&))A%3$*R"3C*AJB&%"JHAJ)*M&)(*3&))3A*I""C*&4*RA%)G&J3$*)(A*CATJ&)&"J*"I*R"2%G'AD*c"%*)(A
7J'3&4(*:A#G%G)&4)4P*"%*U&3'%&H4P*M("*I"%HAC*)(A*R"3"J$*G)*U3$H"2)(P*)(A*#A%&34*)(A$*IGRAC
MA%A*M"%)(*)(A*%A423)Q*G*JAM*3&IA*GJC*)(A*I%AAC"H*)"*#%GR)&RA*)(A&%*CAA#3$](A3C*0A3&AI4D

?(A&%*0A3&AI4*(GC*G3%AGC$*#%"H#)AC*%A0A33&"J*&J*)(A&%*("HA*R"2J)%&A4P*GJC*)(G)*C&44AJ)
G3"JA*)""K*)%AHAJC"24*R"2%G'A*G4*)(A*#"44&03A*R"J4AX2AJRA4*&JR32CAC*42R(*("%%"%4*G4
0A&J'*02%JAC*G)*)(A*4)GKAD*?(A$*(GC*H"BAC*"JRA*)"*1"33GJCP*GJC*)(A$*(GC*)(AJ*M&33&J'3$
4&'JAC*G*R"J)%GR)*"I*&JCAJ)2%AC*4A%B&)2CA*)"*I"33"M*)(A&%*C%AGH4*GJC*H"BA*G'G&JD*>#"J
)(A&%*G%%&BG3*&J*G*I"%A&'J*3GJCP*)(A$*IGRAC*G*M&J)%$*J&'()HG%A*)(A$*MA%A*&33]#%A#G%AC*I"%P*GJC
$A)*)(A$*I"%'AC*G(AGCD*?(A$*I"2JC*G*#3GRA*)"*02&3C*)(A&%*("HA4P*GJC*AGR(*IGH&3$*#%"RAACAC
)"*02&3C*)(A&%*"MJ*CMA33&J'P*CA4#&)A*)(A*&33JA44A4*)(A$*IGRAC*)(G)P*G3"J'*M&)(*)(A*0&))A%*R"3CP
R"4)*)(A*3&BA4*"I*G3H"4)*(G3I*"I*)(A*U&3'%&H4*M("*"%&'&JG33$*CA#G%)AC*I%"H*7J'3GJCD*?(A*4GHA
4(&#*)(G)*)%GJ4#"%)AC*)(AHP*)(A*6G$V"MA%P*("24AC*)(AH*C2%&J'*)(G)*T%4)*C&_R23)*M&J)A%D

=I)A%*)(A*M"%4)*"I*)(A*M&J)A%*MG4*"BA%P*)(A*U&3'%&H4*AHA%'AC*I%"H*)(A*4(&#*)"*)GKA*2#
%A4&CAJRA*&J*)(A&%*JAM3$*I"%HAC*R"3"J$P*U3$H"2)(*U3GJ)G)&"JD*?(A%A*)(A$*#%"RAACAC*)"
I"%'A*G33&GJRA4*M&)(*4"HA*"I*)(A*@G)&BA*'%"2#4*)(A$*AJR"2J)A%ACD*F&)(*)(A*(A3#*"I*)(A
@G)&BA4P*)(A$*42RRA44I233$*#%"C2RAC*)(A&%*T%4)*(G%BA4)D*=RR"%C&J'*)"*#%&HG%$*GRR"2J)4*"I*G)
3AG4)*)M"*"I*)(A*U&3'%&H4P*)(A$*RA3A0%G)AC*M&)(*G*IAG4)*"I*?(GJK4'&B&J'P*G*)%GC&)&"J*)(G)
R"J)&J2A4*&J*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4*)"*)(&4*CG$P*G3"J'4&CA*)(A&%*@G)&BA*G33&A4D*?(A*@G)&BA4*M&)(
M("H*)(A$*#2%#"%)AC3$*RA3A0%G)AC*C&CJ^)*IG%A*4"*MA33*M(AJ*H"%A*72%"#AGJ4*H"BAC*)"*)(A
@AM*F"%3C*GJC*AJR%"GR(AC*2#"J*)(A&%*)A%%&)"%&A4P*"I)AJ*)GK&J'*)(AH*0$*I"%RAD*?"CG$P*)(A
CA4RAJCGJ)4*"I*)("4A*@G)&BA*'%"2#4*R"J4&CA%*?(GJK4'&B&J'*G*CG$*"I*H"2%J&J'D

iA4#&)A*)(A*IGR)*)(G)*)(A4A*AG%3$*U&3'%&H4*(GC*J"*CA4&%A*)"*I"%H*G*JAM*JG)&"JP*)(A&%*BG32A4
M"23C*#3G$*G*R%&)&RG3*%"3A*&J*4(G#&J'*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4*"I*=HA%&RGD*?(A&%*M&33&J'JA44*)"*%&4K
ABA%$)(&J'*I"%*)(A&%*0A3&AI4P*)(A&%*4AJ4A*"I*H&44&"JP*GJC*)(A&%*%A0A33&"24*G))&)2CA*M"23C
AJR"2%G'A*GJ")(A%*%AB"32)&"J*"BA%*G*RAJ)2%$*3G)A%D*?(A&%*BG32A4*"I*(G%C*M"%KP*4A3I]%A3&GJRAP
GJC*H2)2G3*%A4#AR)*M"23C*I"%H*)(A*I"2JCG)&"J*"I*)(G)*JAM3$*AHA%'&J'*JG)&"JD*?(A&%
&JCA#AJCAJ)*JG)2%A*GJC*)(A&%*R"JRA#)*"I*AX2G3*#G%)&R&#G)&"J*GJC*L24)&RAP*G3"J'*M&)(*)(A
&CAG3*"I*I%AAC"H*)"*#%GR)&RA*"JA^4*%A3&'&"24*0A3&AI4P*M"23C*0A*RAJ)%G3*)(AHA4*&J*)(A
!"J4)&)2)&"J*"I*)(A*>J&)AC*:)G)A4*"I*=HA%&RGD*?(24P*)(A&%*4)"%$*&4*)%23$*"JA*"I*GCBAJ)2%AP
R"2%G'AP*GJC*CA4)&J$D

References Cited
.D* =CC&4P*!GHA%"JD*e,-.afD*U%")A4)GJ)*WAI"%HG)&"J*GJC
=HA%&RGD())#Qss4&)A4DG24)&JRRDAC2sRGCC&4s#%")A4)GJ)]%AI"%HG)&"J]GHA%&RGD
,D* =JCA%4"JP*W"0A%)*!(G%3A4*e.``afD*?(A*<%AG)*6&'%G)&"J*8A'&J4Q*OHH&'%GJ)4*)"*@AM
7J'3GJCP*./,-\./bbD*@AM*7J'3GJC*1&4)"%&R*<AJAG3"'&RG3*:"R&A)$Q*8"4)"JP*6=D
bD* 8GJK4P*!(G%3A4*7CMG%CD*e,--/fD*?(A*7J'3&4(*=JRA4)%$*GJC*1"HA4*"I*)(A*U&3'%&H
cG)(A%4Q*M("*RGHA*)"*U3$H"2)(*"J*)(A*6G$V"MA%*&J*./,-P*)(A*c"%)2JA*&J*./,.P*GJC
)(A*=JJA*GJC*)(A*;&))3A*dGHA4*&J*./,bD*<AJAG3"'&RG3*U203&4(&J'*!"DQ*8G3)&H"%AP*6iD
jD* 8"23CAJP*d"(JD*e,-.bfD*@AM3$J*MG4*)(A*3G4)*#"%)*I"%*6G$V"MA%D*?(A*1A%G3CD
())#QssMMMD#3$H"2)((A%G3CDR"D2KsJAM3$J]#"%)]HG$V"MA%s4)"%$].l//,-b,]
CA)G&3s4)"%$D()H3D
aD* 8%GCI"%CP*F&33&GHD*e./,,fD*6"2%)^4*WA3G)&"J*"%*d"2%JG3*"I*)(A*U3GJ)G)&"J*G)*U3$H"2)(D
WGJC*GJC*=BA%$Q*8"4)"JD
/D* 8%GCI"%CP*F&33&GH*e.l`lf*t./a.uD*1&3CA0%GJC)P*?ACP*ACD*8%GCI"%C^4*1&4)"%$*g5I*U3&H")(
U3GJ)G)&"JhD*8"4)"JQ*F%&'()*v*U"))A%*U%&J)&J'*!"D
mD* <G33"MG$P*!"3&JD*e,-.bfD*@AM*F"%3C4*I"%*=33Q*OJC&GJ4P*72%"#AGJ4P*GJC*)(A*WAHGK&J'*"I
7G%3$*=HA%&RGD*?(A*d"(J4*1"#K&J4*>J&BA%4&)$*U%A44Q*8G3)&H"%AD
lD* <"34"JP*dD*<A"Z%A$*e,--/fD*!"3"J&G3*=HA%&RG*I%"H*:A))3AHAJ)*)"*)(A*WAB"32)&"JD*=8!]
!;O5Q*:GJ)G*8G%0G%GP*!=D
`D* 1&4)"%$DR"H*:)GZD*e,--`fD*U2%&)GJ&4HD*1&4)"%$DR"HD
())#QssMMMD(&4)"%$DR"Hs)"#&R4s#2%&)GJ&4HD*U203&4(A%*=w7*@A)M"%K4D
.-D* 1&4)"%$DR"H*:)GZD*e,--`fD*?(A*U&3'%&H4D*1&4)"%$DR"HD
())#QssMMMD(&4)"%$DR"Hs)"#&R4s#&3'%&H4D*U203&4(A%*=w7*@A)M"%K4D
..D* 1"M3GJC*6GYMA33P*W&R(G%CD*e,--bfD*U&3'%&H*GJC*U2%&)GJQ*=*CA3&RG)A*C&4)&JR)&"JD*U&3'%&H
:"R&A)$*@")AP*:A%&A4*?M"D*U&3'%&H*1G33*624A2HQ*U3$H"2)(P*6=D
.,D* d"(J4"JP*!G3A0*1D*e,--/fD*?(A*6G$V"MA%*GJC*1A%*UG44AJ'A%4D*n3&0%&4*!"%#DQ*OJC&GJGD
.bD* 9GJ'P*@&J'D*e,--`fD*U2%&)GJ&4H*GJC*&)4*&H#GR)*2#"J*=HA%&RGJ*BG32A4D*WAB&AM*"I
72%"#AGJ*:)2C&A4D*["3D*.P*@"D*,D*##D*.jl].a.D
.jD* ;A#"%AP*d&33D*e.```fD*?(A*JGHA*"I*)(A*MG%Q*9&J'*U(&3&#^4*FG%*GJC*)(A*5%&'&J4*"I
=HA%&RGJ*OCAJ)&)$D*[&J)G'A*8""K4Q*@AM*o"%KD
.aD* 6RcG%3GJAP*9D*8D*e.`//fD*?(A*"%&'&J4*"I*%A3&'&"24*C&44AJ)*&J*7J'3GJCD*!"33&A%*8""K4Q
@AM*o"%KD
./D* U(&30%""KP*@G)(GJ&A3D*e,--/fD*6G$V"MA%Q*=*4)"%$*"I*R"2%G'AP*R"HH2J&)$P*GJC*MG%D
UAJ'2&J*<%"2#P*OJRDQ*@AM*o"%KD
.mD* :G3&402%$P*@AG3*GJC*!"3&J*<D*!G33"MG$P*AC4D*e.``bfD*WA&J)A%#%A)&J'*@AM*7J'3GJC
OJC&GJ4*GJC*)(A*!"3"J&G3*7Y#A%&AJRAD*["3D*m.*"I*U203&RG)&"J4*"I*)(A*!"3"J&G3*:"R&A)$*"I
6G44GR(24A))4D*>J&BA%4&)$*"I*[&%'&J&G*U%A44Q*8"4)"JP*6=D
.lD* :&3BA%HGJP*iGB&CD*e,--mfD*cG&)(*GJC*8"2JCG%&A4Q*!"3"J&4)4P*!(%&4)&GJ&)$P*GJC
!"HH2J&)$*=H"J'*)(A*FGH#GJ"G'*OJC&GJ4*"I*6G%)(G^4*[&JA$G%CP*./--\.lm.D
!GH0%&C'A*>J&BA%4&)$*U%A44Q*@AM*o"%KD
.`D* :)%G))"JP*72'AJA*=20%A$D*e.`l/fD*U3$H"2)(*!"3"J$Q*O)4*1&4)"%$*GJC*UA"#3AP*./,-\
./`.D*=JRA4)%$*U203&4(&J'Q*:G3)*;GKA*!&)$P*>?D
,-D* ?"AJ4&J'P*<G3A*!D*e,-.,fD*F(G)*%AG33$*(G##AJAC*G)*)(A*T%4)*?(GJK4'&B&J'N*?(A
FGH#GJ"G'*4&CA*"I*)(A*)G3AD
())#Qss&JC&GJR"2J)%$)"CG$HAC&GJA)M"%KDR"Hs,-.,s..s,bsM(G)]%AG33$](G##AJAC]
T%4)])(GJK4'&B&J']MGH#GJ"G']4&CA])G3A]GJC]M(G)4]C"JA])"CG$].jal-mD

E
New Free eBooks!
i"*$"2*MGJ)*)"*%ARA&BA*"2%*0%GJC*JAM*A8""K4*I"%*I%AAN*d24)*R3&RK*)(A*3&JK*0A3"Mx

>> Click Here <<


>> To Get Your FREE eBooks <<

←*U%AB&"24*c%AA*A8""K4 @AY)*c%AA*A8""K4*→

cGRA0""K ?M&))A% UG)%A"J =HGk"J <""C%AGC4

1"HA 8""K4 83"' =0"2) !"J)GR) U%&BGR$*U"3&R$

!"#$%&'()*+*,-,,*1"2%3$*1&4)"%$
!"#$%&'()*+*,-,,*1"2%3$*1&4)"%$

You might also like