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Megacolon in Cat
Megacolon in Cat
Megacolon in Cats
By Laci Schaible, DVM, MSL, CVJ on Oct. 20, 2021
IN THIS ARTICLE
Summary
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Megacolon in cats can cause devastating health consequences as the colon fills with old, hardened feces, and the colon
is not strong enough to pass the “cemented stool.”
You may also see watery diarrhea when the liquid stool is forced around a stuck fecal ball or mass.
Lose weight
Vomit
Have a firm, palpable mass in their abdomen, depending on their body condition
Become dehydrated
An abnormal narrowing of the pelvis (either congenital or resulting from injury, such as a car injury)
Physical obstruction (tumors, foreign bodies that get stuck along the intestinal tract, hairballs, and naturally
occurring strictures in the colon)
With all of these causes, if constipation is not relieved, the distended colon loses normal muscle strength, which
exacerbates the constipation.
Another cause of megacolon begins when a cat loses proper nerve function within their colon. This prevents the
muscles of the colon wall from functioning properly to pass along stool.
The muscles become stretched, and the colon gets wider. Fecal material accumulates and does not get pushed out,
resulting in severe constipation, or worse, obstipation, where the cat stops defecating altogether.
Radiographs with contrast dye can allow your veterinarian to see the flow of food through the GI tract and thoroughly
evaluate the condition. Routine laboratory tests will give a wider picture of your cat’s overall condition, and an
abdominal ultrasound may be recommended as well.
A medical approach involves the use of laxatives, colon-wall stimulants, enemas, and high-fiber diets or low-residue
diets. While these don’t correct the underlying cause, they will hopefully allow fecal material to pass so the cat does not
become further constipated. If megacolon is caught early, this may be enough to return the cat to normalcy, but there’s
a high chance of recurrence.
More severe constipation often requires anesthesia and administration of enemas combined with manual extraction. It
may take several attempts to relieve your cat’s constipation.
If the problem continues for months or years, a cat’s colon may eventually stop functioning. Surgical removal of the
affected area of the colon is often necessary to return these cats to health.
If muscle function returns and constipation resolves with therapy, the prognosis is fairly bright; however, recurrence is
common in many cats. For these patients, pet parents must be diligent in monitoring stool output to prevent severe
recurrence. If a cat is otherwise healthy and has a functional colon, they may benefit from targeted or prescription diets
and medications.
When the condition has progressed to the point of requiring surgery, the prognosis doesn’t necessarily worsen, but the
road to recovery can be longer. The cat will likely have increased bowel movements and loose stools for two to three
months following surgery.
If no complications occur after surgery, most cats do quite well. Unfortunately, megacolon seems to be a devastating
condition for many young kittens who develop the condition.
This causes the delayed stool to dry out and harden, making it more difficult to pass. This can lead to more feces piling
up, which stretches the colon out, and the cycle becomes harder to break as the stool is harder to pass.
W R I T T E N BY
Laci Schaible, DVM, MSL, CVJ
Veterinarian
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