STE Solutions for Practice Problems Student Textbook page 254 17, Problem ‘Write a thermochemical equation for the formation of each substance, Be sare to inclade che physical state of all che elements and compounds in the equation. You ‘an find the enthalpy of formation of each substance in Appendix E, (@) CHy (b) NaCl (9 MgO (@) CaCO; Solution @) Cy) + 2Hag > CHa + 74.6 KI (b) Nay + $Clag > NaChy + 411.2 KJ (0 Mg + 4Ong > MeOu + 601.6 KJ (8) Cag + Cognpie + $Ongy > CaCO + 1207.6 KF 18, Problem Liquid sulfuric acid has a very large negative enthalpy of formation (-814.0 kj/mol) Write an equation to show the formation of liquid sulfuric acid, The standard state of sulfu is chombie sulfur (Sy. Solution Haig + Sig + 20x —> HaSOxe + 814.0 I 2 19, Problem ‘Write a thermochemical equation for che formation of gaseous cesium, The enthalpy of formation of Cay is 76.7 kJ/mol. Solution C54 + 76.7 ky > Cig 20, Problem Solid phosphorus is found in owo forms: white phosphorus (Ps) and red phosphorus (P). White phosphorus isthe standard sae. (a) The enthalpy of formation of red phosphorus is -17.6 kjlmal. Write athermo- chemical equation forthe formation of red phosphorus (b) 32.6 g of white phosphorus reacts to form red phosphorus. Whac is the enthalpy change? Solution (0) £P qq > Puy + 17.6 k] AH" = -17.6 k)/mol Poy for: Pay —r 4Psy + 704 kjlmol AH* = ~70.4 kl/mol Pa) (8) Convert 32.6 g of P« to moles. Then multiply by the molar enthalpy to obtain the enthalpy change 32.6 gP4 ; 123080 pial Paes meee {0.263 mol Ps) x (-70A4 kJ/mol Py) = 18.5 K] ‘The heat of formation is -18.5 k] for the reaction of 32.6 g white phosphorus to form red phosphorus. Check Your Solution ‘The enthalpy change is reasonable, I has the appropriate units and number of, sigoificane digi chapter 5 Energy and Change * MAR | 80Solutions for Practice Problems ‘Student Textbook page 254 24, Problem Hydrogen can be added co ethene, CzH, 10 obtain ethane, CoH GoHag + Hag + Hag Show that the equations forthe formation of ethene and ethane from their elements can be algebraically combined to obtain the equation for the addition of hydrogen to What Is Required? Show that the formation equations for ethene and ethane can be algebraically combined co obcain the equation for the target equation ‘What Is Given? “The eargee equation is C:Hag + Hag > CHoe- Plan Your Serategy Step 1 Write the formation equation for each of ethene and ethane. Step2 Multiply one of che formation equations as needed, and algebraically combine the equations to obsain che target equation. ‘Act on Your Strategy ‘Step 1 Formation of eshene, CaHs from its elements: (1) 2Cgapting + Hap + CHag Formation of eshane from its elements: (2) 2Ciguphies + Hag > CHag step? -1x (1) Cathay > 2Cgaso * 28g 1x@) = CHa CHa + Hag > CH Check Your Solution Sheen equations, when euliplied acordingh combine ro gv he srg 22, Problem Zine sulfide reacts with oxygen gas to produce zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide. 25 + 303g > 2ZnOy + 2503p ‘Write the chemical equation for the formation of the indicated number of moles of compound from its elements. Algebraically combine these equations to obtain What Is Required? Combine the formation equations for the reactants and products to obtain the equation fr the target equation. What Is Given? The target equation is 2ZnSw + 3 = 2ZnOg) + 2805) Plan Your Strategy Step 1 Write the formation equation for each reactant and product. Step 2. Muliply any of the formation equations as needed, and algebraically combine the equations to obtain the target equation. chapter 5 Energy and Change + MHR | 814, ‘Act on Your Strategy Step 1 ‘The formation equations are: (1) 2Zng) + Wy) 2ZaSy Q) 2Zng + Ox + 2ZaOwy G) Wy + 202g > 2809 step2 -1 x) WnSy) > 2Znyy + Sis 1x@) 2Ziy + Ory) > 220053 1x@) p> 280s Sina +303 > 2280n #250¢ ees “The given equations, when multiplied accordingly, combine to give the target equation. Problem ‘Small amounts of oxygen gas can be produced in a laboratory by heating porasium chlorate, KCIOs, 2KCIOs4) > 2KCly + 302g Calculate the enthalpy change ofthis reaction, using enthalpies of formation from Appendix E. ‘What Is Required? You need to find AH" for the given equation, using AH What Is Given? AH"r of KC1Oy9 = -397.7 kl/mol AH"; of KChy AH" of Oxy 36.5 k]/mol 0 kjlml (by definition) Plan Your Strategy Mulkiply each AH"r value by its molar eveffcient from the balanced chemical equation. Substicute into the following equation, and then solve AH?” = E(nBH" products) ~ E(nAH"r reactants) ‘Act on Your Strategy AMI" = [2 mol(AH"; KCl) + 3mol(AH"; Oxg)] ~ (2 moll AH": KCI) 2 mol{-436.5 kJ/mol) + 3 mol(0 kJ/mol} ~ {2 mol (~397.7 k}/mol)} = 77.6 KJ for the equation 2 KCIO yg) + 2KCly + 3029 Cheek Your Solution ‘A balanced chemical equation was used in the calculation. The number of significant digits and the units are correct. Problem Use the following equation to answer the questions below. CAOI + 1503» COsg + 2H: (@) Calculate the enthalpy change of the complete combustion of one mole of ‘methanol, CH3OH, using enthalpies of formation, (0) How much energy is released when 125 g of mechanol undergoes complete combustion? What Is Required? (@) You need to find AH" for the complete combustion of methanol (kJ/mol), using Hj daca. () You need to find the AH* for the complete combustion of 125 g CHjOH ‘Chapter § Energy and Change * MMR | 82 1ERIS What Is Given? (2) AH" of CHsOHy = -239.2 kI/mol AH": of Oxy = 0 kV/mol (by definition) AH" of COzy = 393.5 kl/mol Hof H:Oig = -241.8 kj/mal (6) 125 g of methanol is to be combusted, Plan Your Strategy (2) Multiply each A/"r value by its molar coefficient from the balanced chemical equation. Substiute into the following equation, and then solve. AH" = Z(nAH’r products) ~ Bnd Hr reactanes) (©) Convert the mass of methanol to moles. Multiply by the molar enchalpy of combustion determined above. ‘Act on Your Strategy (a) AH* = 1 mol (AH"; CO}) + 2 mol (AH*; HzO) ~ 1 mol(AH" CHsOH) + 1.5mol (AH"sO3)) smol(-393.5 k]/mol) + 2 mol(-241.8 kJ/mol) ~ 1 mol(~239.2 kJ/mol) +1.5 mol(0) 637.9 kJ/mol of CHsOH combusted. for the complete combustion of 125 g CH;OH = spge stig * (037.9 Miimol) = -2.49 x 10° KI ‘gimal 49 x 10° kf, 2.49 x 10* kJ of energy are leased Check Your Solution ‘The answers have the appropriate number of significant digits. The units are correct. ‘The answer for part (b) is reasonable Chapter 5. Energy and Change © MR. 83