CCC Research Template 2023-2-2

CITY COLLEGE OF CALAMBA
DEPARMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Bachelor of Elementary Education
EXPLORING THE DOMINANCE OF FACEBOOK IN THE

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF THE BEED STUDENTS AT
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Department of Elementary Education
Calamba, City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
Introduction to Research Education
Student Researchers:
Group 6
Alarcon, Mark Gideon F.
Bathan, Carese
Catalan, Paul Ronielle O.
Domingo, Ricca Victoria S.
Espino, Diana B.
Morpe, Joana Marie B.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

Background of the Study 5
Literature Review 7
Synthesis 21
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework 22
Research Problems and Hypothesis 24
Scope and Limitations 26
Definition of Terms 26
II. Chapter 2 METHODS 29

Research Design 29
Research Site 30
Selection Criteria and Participants 31
Data Collection 32
Data Analysis 34
Role of Researcher 35
Methods of Validation 37
Potential Ethical Issues
37
III. References
40
IV. Appendices 49
Pretest and Posttest
Acceptance Forms
Monitoring Form
V. Curriculum Vitae 50
VI. List of Tables
VII. List of Figures
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1
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Social media is becoming more and more prevalent everywhere,
particularly among teens, and young people. The 21st century has brought about
a shift in society where social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and
gaming apps can provide benefits for some youth by providing positive
community and connection with others who share identities, abilities, and
interests. It can provide access to important information and create a space for
self-expression (National Library of Medicine, 2023). Statista, (2023) claimed that
Facebook has roughly three billion monthly active users as of the second quarter
of 2023, Facebook is the most used online social network worldwide. The
platform surpassed two billion active users in the second quarter of 2017, taking
just over 13 years to reach this milestone. Social media, particularly Facebook,
has a significant influence on students' behaviors, especially regarding their
studies. With its vast array of information and widespread usage among
students, social media has become an integral part of studying. This can be
attributed to its accessibility through various internet-connected devices. As a
result, social media has essentially become a virtual playground for students,
facilitating communication, and socialization, and even aiding in completing

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assignments and meeting deadlines. However, amidst the benefits of social
media, there are also negative impacts. By design, social media aims to simplify
people's lives, leading students to rely heavily on it and neglect their educational
responsibilities. Consequently, students can become overly dependent on social
media and neglect simpler tasks in school. Moreover, considering the significant
amount of time students spend on social media, there is a growing interest in
exploring how this might impact their academic performance and overall
educational experience.
Social behavior can broadly be defined as interactions between
individuals or groups. Social behavior is a part of human psychology against
unacceptable behaviors. It centers on the attitude, perception, reaction, and
disposition of an individual to others around him (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010).
Studies show that higher levels of social media use among children and
adolescents are linked to adverse effects, including depression and anxiety,
inadequate sleep, low self-esteem, poor body image, eating disorder behavior,
and online harassment (Casey, 2023). Social media is now a pervasive element
impacting the social fabric of our society and changing the nature of social
relationships. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, interact and
socialize. New technologies help facilitate and provide flexibility in
communicating and sharing of resources. This new approach to consuming and
creating information is in particular attractive to youths as a platform and space

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for activities not possible in the face-to-face context (Lee, Chen, Li & Lin, 2015).
However, excessive use of social media tools by college students has led to
debate over whether or not it has changed the very shape and structure of
students’ social behavior and academic practices and has thus caused leading
educators to redefine their understanding of interpersonal communication and
study dynamics (Junco, Merson & Salter, 2010). As such, this study seeks to
delve deeper into the specific ways in which Facebook's dominance affects the
social behavior aspects of first-year BEED students, shedding light on potential
areas for intervention and enhancement of their overall well-being.
Social media has become a means for people to connect with society
and establish relationships with others (Nicole & Boyd, 2017). As the name
implies, social media carries a social undertone in which the users are allowed to
interact with others to promote interpersonal relationships and have a certain
effect on the social behaviors of individuals worldwide (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010;
Macnamara & Zerfass, 2012). Research has shown that social media has a
significant impact on various aspects of social behavior. Sarmiento, (2018)
highlighted the potential negative effects of social media, particularly on
adolescents' internalizing behaviors such as depression, anxiety, and loneliness.
These findings suggest that while social media can have positive effects on
social behavior, it also has the potential to exacerbate negative behaviors,
particularly among vulnerable populations. Understanding the influence of

4
Facebook on the social behavior of first-year college is crucial for comprehending
how this platform shapes their interactions and relationships within their
academic and social environments.
A range of studies have explored the impact of social media on students'
social behavior in the Philippines. Raganta, (2021) found that while social media
helps students maintain connections with family and friends, it also leads to
dependency on gadgets and reduced face-to-face interaction. Yohanna, (2020)
similarly noted that social media can both facilitate information sharing and lead
to addiction, hindering real-life interactions. Despite the extensive research on
the impact of social media on students' social behavior, there remains a gap in
understanding how Facebook's dominance specifically influences the social
behavior aspects of first-year BEED students at City College of Calamba. While
existing studies have highlighted both positive and negative effects of social
media, few have focused on this specific demographic and educational context.
By delving into this specific area, the study seeks to provide valuable insights into
how Facebook's dominance shapes the social interactions and behaviors of
these students. This research is crucial for future educators, as it will help them
develop informed strategies to guide students in navigating social media
responsibly, promoting positive social behaviors, and enhancing academic
success. Overall, this study aims to contribute to the field of education by

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providing actionable knowledge that can empower educators to support their
students in effectively navigating the digital world.
Background of the Study
The internet is today's most important source of information and social
media in the present time is very accessible with the use of gadgets such as
mobile phones, laptops, computers, tablets, and more that are connected to the
internet. It seems that everything can be found on social media and it has a great
help to students in their studies, but in some instances, students are becoming
dependent on it as they do their assignments and projects on their particular
subjects. Hence, social media is tolerant of students' laziness, and also it triggers
procrastination in doing their school requirements.
Addiction to the usage of social media has extremely increased in recent
times. The perils of its effects on the academic performance of students are
disturbing. Academic performance, which is depicted by the grades of students,
is a great concern that students spend excessive time on social networks. It
influences them in many factors and students are becoming vulnerable as a
victim if they don't know how to use social media effectively and efficiently
because the usage of social media must always be present with responsibilities.
Students are soft-hearted individuals who are easily empowered by bad things if
they are guided. One-sided life is less interesting and exciting, so it is for social
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media as it comes with both positive and negative effects that can give
happiness as we are being entertained by memes on Facebook and funny videos
we can watch on YouTube. It also gives us enthusiasm as we socialize and
make new friends through social media. There is a correlation between social
media usage and the academic performance of students. There have been
various views and opinions that recognize four major advantages of social media
use in higher education.
According to Oye (2012), most younger students use social networking
sites mainly for social activities, rather than for academic purposes and make
conversation on various topics through social media, whereas Kuppuswamy and
Shankar (2010), reviewed that social network websites grab students’ attention
and then diverts it towards none educational and inappropriate actions including
useless chatting. In another study conducted by Shana, (2012), it was revealed
that students use social networks mainly for making friends and chatting. The
result showed that only 26 percent of the students (the respondents) indicated
that they use social media for academic purposes.
Facebook has become an integral part of the social life of people of all
ages and professions. Facebook users are allowed to set up and maintain virtual
interactions, share personal views, and connect with other individuals, groups,
and communities Akubugwo and Burke, 2013 Jha et al 2016. Facebook was the
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first social media site to surpass one billion users and currently has almost 2.5
billion monthly active users globally (Statista.com, 2020).
Today’s young generation, teens, and youth are highly digital natives and
they are using technology in innovative ways. It is believed that excessive use of
social media sites like Facebook has changed the social behavior of this
generation such as the way they think, work, and communicate even when they
are in the formative years of their life. According to previous researchers,
students use social media platforms to interact with peers, share information,
reformulate their personalities, and showcase their social lives.
Literature Review
Effects of Facebook
Facebook being a social organizing location provides an internet stage
on which understudies make profiles, advance and share data and substance,
and have intuitive contacts both known and obscure (Kirkpatrick, 2010).
Facebook has extended as of late, which has led to its utilization by individuals of
all eras broadly. A few sorts of investigations on this online stage fascination and
its powerful character and the reason that individuals of each kind and diverse
ages communicate. Other things about appears that Facebook's expansion
nearness can have impacts that are harmful to scholarly execution additionally
on their social behavior. In case understudies spend most of their time on

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Facebook, their scholastic execution will diminish in this way their grades
(Kirkpatrick, 2010). A day understudies ought to spend at slightest 30-35 minutes
surfing Facebook. They surf for as it were three to four minutes on each visit to
be updated, but they severally visit Facebook a day. Others spend eight on the
site. Even though understudies consider Facebook diverting and devouring a part
of the time, they note that they can't halt going to the site since they lean toward
it and utilize it to contact family individuals and companions, whether or not they
encounter them each day, Tess (2013) contends that there's an assortment of
relationships that exists within the writing. Other considerations even though
discover a noteworthy negative relationship between a student's execution and
utilization of Facebook whereas others find no relationships or weak
relationships. As it were some thought about coming up with a positive
relationship even though not with high-level importance. Interests, the negative
relationships between Facebook utilization and destitute scholastic execution
have been associated with identity characteristics or other behavioral or mental
angles instead of exclusively with the use of these stages.
According to Newman (2013), they get occupied by their ponders, and a
stack of their working memory makes it difficult for them to center and make
successful arrangements for their homework. This will lead to the comes about
who are destitute and diminish their accomplishments. A few consider the states
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of mind, and interface of understudies to the web and their exercises vary with
their sex, personality, characteristics, and age. Social foundations and
characteristics contrasts propose that there's a got to address the effects of
understudies utilizing Facebook in various settings, which prompts inquiries
around the effect of Facebook on understudies with recognized characteristics
and in recognized social substance which isn't unsurprising. Inquire about
Newman (2013) shows that the think about on whether Facebook is by
understudies influences their scholarly comes about, thus doing a hypothetical
foundation survey and delineating the inquiry about demonstrate that was
proposed sometime recently they spoken to the method adopted to look at it.
Ellison (2017) emphasizes advanced examination into the issue to a few
more factors like center and intercession which will be emphatically related to
scholastic execution. The negative correlation between Facebook utilization and
scholarly results may be defended by a few negative impacts related to certain
ways students use this social media. He watches that a few particular
employments of this social media relate to progressed scholastic execution
whereas others contribute to lower scholastic comes about. Concurring to Chand
(2012) examined the ubiquity of a celebrated social media organization
(Facebook) among college understudies with an extraordinary concern for the
sexual orientation-based comparison and the impact of the chosen social

10
medium on their scholastic execution. The researcher analyzed the patterns as
well as the recurrence of utilizing Facebook among college understudies with a
major center on sex contrasts and understudy suppositions concerning the
impacts that this medium has on academic performance.
This consideration looked for to test the expectation that the two socially
troublesome components of narcissism would each predict a specific design of
Facebook behaviors. Pretentious exhibitionism was anticipated to be related to
Facebook behaviors that managed broad self-presentation to as huge a
gathering of people as possible using status upgrades, photographs, and
accomplishing expansive numbers of companions. Entitlement/exhibitionism was
anticipated to be related to anti-social behaviors such as retaliating against
negative.
Narcissism on Facebook
The narcissistic identity sort will, to begin with, be briefly elucidated. At
that point, the existing investigations on the relationship between narcissism and
Facebook will be investigated to create speculations. Exploring the relationship
between narcissism and Facebook behavior is vital since Facebook is getting to
be a progressively vital portion of people's lives. A few analysts have found a
relationship between narcissism and the recurrence of utilizing Facebook
(Buffardi and Campbell, 2008, Mehdizadeh, 2010, Ong et al., 2011). Other
analysts found that narcissism is related to the number of companions their

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members have on Facebook (Bergman, Fearrington, Davenport, & Bergman,
2011). If these discoveries are exact, it recommends that when individuals are
connected with others on Facebook, they are more likely to be associated with
people who are tall in characteristic narcissism than in other settings. On the off
chance that Facebook clients are likely to be locked in negative behaviors, the
quality of the interpersonal intelligence individuals encounter on Facebook will be
decreased. Besides, a few inquiries propose that individuals are assessed not
fair by their claim profiles but by the comments others make on their profiles
(Walther, Van Der Heide, Kim, Westerman, & Tong, 2008). The negative behavior
of narcissists on Facebook may reflect ineffectively on the guiltless companions
of those narcissists. If the relationship between narcissism and different sorts of
behaviors can be revealed, maybe intercessions can be planned to make strides
in the Facebook social aptitudes of characteristic narcissists.
This consideration looked for to test the expectation that the two socially
troublesome components of narcissism would each anticipate a specific design
of Facebook behaviors. Affected exhibitionism was anticipated to be related to
Facebook behaviors that managed broad self-presentation to as expansive a
gathering of people as conceivable using status overhauls, photographs, and
achieving huge numbers of companions. Entitlement/exhibitionism was

12
anticipated to be related to anti-social behaviors such as retaliating against
negative.
The generalizability of the discoveries in this consideration is restricted
since the test was not an agent. Even though it was not composed totally of
college understudies, almost three-fourths of the members were college
understudies. Given that Facebook is coming to all over the world and all
socioeconomics (Ahmad, 201
) it is vital to reproduce this ponder with a broader test in arrange to decide on the
off chance that these connections can be found with other bunches. Maybe in
other societies, narcissism. More inquiries about is required on socially
troublesome Facebook communication. Extra socially troublesome
communication designs ought to be revealed and inspected. Moreover, the
impacts of anti-social behavior on other clients is an imperative and undiscovered
region of investigation. In common, the “dark side” of Facebook (De Andrea et
al., 2011) requires more inquiry about in arrange to superior get it Facebook's
socially advantageous and destructive angles in arrange to improve the previous
and abridge the last mentioned.
Facebook as Community
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The need to belong is Kaya and Bicen 2016. Literature reveals that
communication evolved with the development of social media, which started with
the cave painting and gradually advanced with printing media books,
newspapers, traditional media telephone, film, radio, and television, and
extended to digital media including computers, internet, and smartphone Lee et
al, 2015. Through social media modern human being can satisfy their need for
belonging and it is one of the reasons behind the social media phenomenon.
Based on the existing literature, Facebook use is primarily motivated by
two basic social needs where one is the need to belong, and the second one is
the need for self-presentation. The need to belong refers to the intrinsic drive to
affiliate with others and gain social acceptance and the need for self-presentation
to the continuous process of impression management.
Kaya and Bicen 2016 examine the effect of Facebook on communication,
entertainment, and sharing news, pictures, and songs. Further study also
indicates students were aware of protecting their social identity and respecting
privacy. Weng et al 2011. It also mentioned that students use social media for
many purposes like access to information, group discussion, resource sharing,
and entertainment. Further reported most students spent a vast number of hours
on social media sites where 90% of students spent their time on entertainment.
While 80% admitted they posted or responded while completing homework.
Naveed et al 2017 observed the impact of Facebook on Pakistani teenagers‟

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social behavior and concluded no unhealthy effect on relationships between
family and friends. Furthermore, they mentioned there were no negative
personality traits were being introduced such as narcissism or jealousy. Jha et al.
(2016) revealed the main reason for using Facebook by students was to keep in
touch with family and friends.
Another study done by Akubugwo and Burke (2013) revealed that many
students use social media, especially Facebook and they spend an increasing
amount of quality time on these networks. Also, disclosed that spending more
time daily on social media can lead to or inspire improper behavior which may
lead to riots, gossip, terrorism, disorder behavior, and immoral acts. Abdulahi et
al. (2014) also studied the negative effect of Facebook on Malaysian university
students and stated that students spending more time on Facebook may
deteriorate academic performance and can have health threats, privacy, and
security issues.
Anuradha and Nadeeshika (2020) stated that based on the existing
literature, The natural desire to identify with others and achieve societal
acceptance is known as the "need to belong," and the requirement for self-
presentation is related to the ongoing impression management process. These

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two motivating variables may operate in tandem or independently as the primary
driver of Facebook usage.
According to Aimeur et al. (2010), profile means the recording and
organization of behaviors (as cited in Akubugwo & Burke, 2013, p.39). Normally,
a user's profile includes details like the user's name, age, gender, pictures,
hobbies, etc. To facilitate social connections, people with similar interests join
groups on social media sites.
In a survey conducted by Al-Sharqui et al. (2015), found that Students
utilize social media platforms to understand diverse perspectives, interact with
others, broaden their mindset, combat monotony, and foster respect for differing
opinions while championing freedom of speech. Conversely, adverse effects on
students include reduced physical activity, exposure to harmful content and
negative peer influence, decreased productivity, distraction, heightened
introversion, and diminished mental acuity.
Philippine Context
The literature on social media usage among Filipino adolescents and
university students provides valuable insights into its impact on various aspects
of life, including public relations practices, mental health, academic engagement,
and scholastic performance. This review synthesizes findings from four relevant
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studies to elucidate the multifaceted nature of social media usage in the Filipino
context.
Gayeta (2021) investigated the impact of social media, particularly
Facebook, on public relations practices in the Philippines. The study found that
social media platforms play a significant role in facilitating communication and
relationship-building with constituents. Facebook, along with other popular
platforms like Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and WhatsApp, continues to grow in
popularity, offering opportunities for content sharing, entertainment, and
communication with government constituents.
Datu et al. (2012) explored the association between Facebook use and
depression among Filipino adolescents. Contrary to the notion of "Facebook
depression," the study found no substantial link between the frequency of
Facebook use and levels of depression. Instead, it suggested that depression is
influenced by multifaceted factors, and social networking sites like Facebook may
not be salient predictors of negative emotional states.
Datu et al. (2018) delved into the relationship between Facebook intensity
dimensions and academic engagement among Filipino university students. The
study revealed that certain dimensions of Facebook use, such as self-expression
and boredom, were associated with different domains of academic engagement.

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While self-expression positively predicted agentic engagement, boredom
positively predicted behavioral engagement and overuse negatively predicted
behavioral engagement.
Garzon et al. (2019) examined the prevalence of Facebook addiction
among Filipino senior high school students and its relationship with scholastic
performance. The study identified a high prevalence of Facebook addiction
among students but found no significant correlation between addiction and
academic performance. Interestingly, students who spent more time using
Facebook tended to have better school grades, suggesting a need for further
investigation into factors contributing to academic success among heavy
Facebook users.
As stated by Jha et al. (2016), students primarily use Facebook to stay in
touch with their friends and family. It was also suggested that using Facebook
excessively raises the danger of addictive behavior and reduces the amount of
time spent on academic assignments.
In a study conducted by Akubugwo and Burke (2013), it was found that a
significant number of students utilize social media, particularly Facebook and that
they are spending more time on these platforms. Additionally, it was revealed that
spending more time on social media each day can encourage or cause
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inappropriate behavior, which can result in terrorism, riots, gossip, disorderly
conduct, and immoral behaviors. According to Abdulahi et al. (2014), who also
studied Facebook's detrimental effects on Malaysian university students,
students who use the social media platform more frequently risk their health,
compromise their privacy, and have security and privacy problems.
Naveed et al. (2017), a study on the influence of Facebook on Pakistani
teenagers' social behavior found no negative impact on relationships with family
and friends. Additionally, researchers noted the absence of negative personality
traits like narcissism or jealousy being developed as a result of Facebook usage.
Tobi et al. (2013), discussed the widespread usage of online social
networks and carried out a study to see whether using them had any effect on
Malaysian students' social and mental wellbeing. The authors contend that it
improves the students' overall health. They added that this has a favorable effect
on user confidence.
Moran et al. (2011), carried out a study in a faculty which suggested that
77% of respondents have social media engagement, while 60% stated that they
use social media in the classroom.
Facebook Dominion
Facebook has a great influence on social media. As a clear fact and
evidence of this statement, Brier Dudley on his article "Understanding the

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Landscape of Facebook's Dominance", he stated that Facebook has many
features making it very useful for the user as it gave them the comfort and that in
just one app, there are a lot of of ways to gain access with different people in
different nation. Facebook also leads the way to online opportunities wherein
people communicate to change their lives for the better. Users of Facebook can
also make business through posting pictures online, chat with clients and buyers
until they have reached their target goal which is to sell their products. Not only
the opportunity to be a successful business owner in an online world, but some
teenagers also gain happiness through finding their other halfs online through
chatting. Teenagers find comfort, the sense of belongingness and appreciation
when someone reacted to what they posted online.
Because of the feeling felt by many individual they tend to rely on using
social media and create an unrealistic personality rather than rely on the real
world scenarios. This is how Facebook's power and influence dominates many
individual, by creating many features in just one app that gives many different
feelings to its users and users will desire, crave for that feeling until they will not
able to relinquish the feeling. Because of this, some individual suffers from a
mental health like anxiety and depression when face in reality. Users have
created an online personality where they think that people will accept them for
who they are, but some face in opposite way that leads them to have depression
or anxiety.
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Facebook as news
"Social media is a growing force", stated by Lauren Malore, "it acts as a
source of interaction and information", she added. Social media, Facebook to be
exact, as a sources for important information has impacted and influenced our
society. But sometimes, Facebook gives wrong information that leads the people
to confusion and misconceptions. Wrong information also means wrong
knowledge that makes the people believe in just opinionated statement, opinions
comes from uncertified and unlicensed persons. Due to incorrect information
released online by overly-eager media outlets, individual can be accused of
being uneducated because they believe in the wrong information they have seen
on social media. Teenagers are sometimes the victims of the spreading of wrong
information as they are the ones who spend most of their time on screen which
reached for almost 5 to 7 hours a day. This simply means that teenagers aged
13-18 who a users of Facebook only depend on what they see and read on
social media without even securing if those sources is accurate and valid.
The accuracy of the sources in social media can be questionable especially if
it comes from an unknown person. The statements, especially if it comes to
Facebook, most of them are purely opinions which can sometimes lead to
arguments. Those people involved also can suffer traumatic experiences as
sometimes wrong names and wrong information are given in an article just for
the sake of their contents. Though there is a lot of misinformation on Facebook,

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there are still credible sources that give proper knowledge and information to its
users, especially to the students. Without Facebook as a source of information,
students will not be aware of the happenings in their surroundings. Facebook
news helps students in many ways, not just leading them to the wrong
information, but giving them the advice and motivation to keep going. However,
with the wrong use of social media, Facebook will be the reason for one's life to
be miserable.
Synthesis
Social media has become an essential part of the average teenager’s
everyday life. Whether it comes to sharing photos on Instagram, messaging
friends through Facebook Messenger, or choreographing a dance on TikTok,
teenagers are enveloped by the online world of social media. The entertainment
it gives to its users cannot deny the fact that social media gives comfort and ease
to people, especially teenagers as it lets them communicate, connect, and meet
new friends online. Though it has a lot of benefits given to its users, social media
also has negative effects on people in terms of mental or psychological health.
An interview with the University of Queensland School of Psychology
Professor Alina Morawska (2021) states that “teenagers on social media have
increased exposure to harm, social isolation, depression, envy, low self-esteem,
anxiety, and cyber-bullying”. She also added that “the impact of social media on
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teenagers can be significant because it is not just a case of losing sleep and
getting distracted during the day, but, social media can have far-reaching
negative effects on a teen’s mental health”, stated by the professor herself.
Too much exposure to screen time and depending too much on different
social media platforms can cause damage not just to the visuals, but also to the
brain and mental health. Depression and social media are connected as overuse
of social media results in less time doing healthy, real physical activities which is
needed by the body and brain to function well. Based on the Pew Research Poll,
teenage users of social media tend to keep secrets from their parents and can
hide their true identity making them become another person, creating an almost
perfect life using social media which makes users to be depressed when faced in
the real world scenarios.
Using social media is a great way and help to improve life. It was
created to help people entertained and stay connected even to the farthest
person on earth. However, too much used in something and when used in the
wrong way can make life suffer and affect in negative consequences. Over use of
Facebook affects the overall mental health of an individual on how they perceive
the interaction and socialization with other people on the real world versus on the
perception and how they communicate online. Research done by Steiner (2023
have proved that teenagers behaved differently in person when they are addicted
on using Facebook as they tend to be more insecure, aloof and anxious on
talking to peple in person rather than chatting online. The same study of Emkhie
(2023) also supports that addiction on Facebook results in poor study habits and
poor academic achievement of the students as they tend do not give importance
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on enhancing their cognitive abilities but rather stay focus on how many likes and
reacts they will get by other people online.
Theoretical Framework
This study will be rooted in various theories developed to explain the
dominance of social media platforms, such as Facebook, in the social behavior of
the first-year bachelor of elementary students at City College of Calamba linked
together dimensions of Uses and Gratifications Theory, Technological
Determinism, and Media Richness.
Uses and Gratifications theory is a mass communication theory that
focuses on the needs, motives, and gratifications of media users. College
students' behavior on social networks, such as Facebook and My Space, was
extensively researched employing the uses and gratifications theory. The aim is
to shed light on what motivates students to use a professional network as
opposed to using social networks (Florenthal, 2015). Uses and Gratifications
Theory will enhance the framework by exploring how first-year BEED students
utilize Facebook to fulfill various needs such as social interaction, information-
seeking, entertainment, and self-expression. This perspective adds a user-centric
dimension to the study, understanding the motivations behind their engagement.
"Technological determinism is the belief that technology is the principal
initiator of the society's transformation". Dafoe (2015) offers a more nuanced

24
view, suggesting that technological determinism can be valid within certain scope
conditions, such as the scale of analysis. Hauer (2017) discusses the impact of
new media on society, suggesting that the Internet and new media are
fundamentally changing societal structures. Technological Determinism will be
employed to examine the extent to which the features and design of Facebook
shape the behaviors and perceptions of first-year BEED students. This theory will
contribute to understanding the influence of technological aspects in shaping
user experiences and interactions on the platform.
Media richness theory (MRT) is a framework used to describe a
communication medium's ability to reproduce the information sent over it. MRT is
used to rank and evaluate the richness of certain communication media, such as
phone calls, video conferencing, and email. The platform's dominance can be
attributed to its ability to provide a rich communication experience. Facebook's
features such as video calls, instant messaging, and the ability to share
multimedia content make it a rich communication medium. The platform's
success can also be attributed to its ability to provide a sense of community and
social support (Moreno et al. 2014). Media Richness Theory will be applied to
analyze how the variety and richness of communication channels on Facebook
impact the depth and quality of social interactions among students. This lens
provides insights into the multifaceted nature of communication within the
platform.
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Research Problem
The main reason for this study is to give emphasis on how social media affects
the students,especially the enrolled first year college students of City College of
Calamba, Bachelor of Elementary Education in terms of their mental and physical
health. Prior to these, researchers also wants to determine the main reason why
some of the BEED student spend so much time on using Facebook or other
social media platforms.
In order to find out the result about the problem, researchers will provide
questions that will be analyze based on the answers that will be given by the
respondents. Questions are as follows:
1. How long have you been using social media?
2. How would you describe your everyday use of social media,specifically

Facebook?
3. Can you share your general experiences with using Facebook during your
academic journey?
4. How do you feel about the amount of time you spent on social media platform?
5. In what ways do you think using Facebook influences your relationships and
interations with others?
6. How do you believe Facebook affects your academic performance, both

positively and negatively?
7. Can you share specific instances where Facebook has had an impact on your
behavior either positively and negatively?
26
8. How do you balance the use of social media with your academic
responsibilities?
9. If given the choice, would you choose to limit your use of Facebook.
10. Reflecting on your experience with Facebook during your first year, what is
your overall perspective on its influence on your social behavior and
academic life?
Scope and Limitation
This research is covered by all the social media users on the First Year Bachelor
of Elementary Students of City College of Calamba aged eighteen to nineteen
years old, and the main aim is to determine the effects of overspending time on
social media, especially on using Facebook. However, there are almost hundreds
of first first-year BEED students enrolled at City College of Calamba, so
researchers selected only five (5) students as respondents who will be qualified
for an interview. Researchers will ensure that privacy and confidentiality will be
felt by the respondents and all the questions that will be asked only pertain and
related to the effects on their physical or mental health of overspending time on
social media.
Definition of Terms
Gratifications theory - is a mass communication theory that focuses on the
needs, motives, and gratifications of media users

27
- is a mass communication theory that focuses on the needs, motives, and
gratifications of media users.
Technological determinism - is the belief that technology is the principal
initiator of the society's transformation.
- is the belief that technology is the principal initiator of the society's
transformation".
Media richness theory - is a framework used to describe a communication
medium’s ability to reproduce the information sent over it.
-is a framework used to describe a communication medium’s ability to reproduce
the information sent over it.
Dominance - the influence or control over ecological communities exerted by a
dominant.
- It is the influence or supremacy of facebook to the 1st year BEED students.
Social media - forms of electronic communication through which users create
online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other
content.
- refers to the diversion of attention from academic or personal tasks due to
excessive use of social media, which can negatively impact students' behavior
and performance.
28
Facebook - is a social networking website where users can post comments,
share photographs, and post links to news or other interesting content on the
web, chat live, and watch short-form video.
- Online presence refers to the digital footprint an individual creates while using
the internet, including their activities and interactions on social media platforms
like Facebook.
Awareness - knowledge that something exists, or understanding of a situation or
subject at the present time based on information or experience.
- is the ability to recognize and understand one's own emotions, thoughts, and
behaviors, as well as their impact on oneself and others.
Homogenous - of the same or a similar kind or nature.
- refers to a situation or group where members share similar characteristics,
backgrounds, or experiences, resulting in a lack of diversity or variation.
Thematic analysis - It emphasizes identifying, analyzing and interpreting
patterns of meaning (or "themes") within qualitative data.
- refers to theme-centered analysis. It involves recording or identifying
sequences of text or images that are related by a common theme or idea,
allowing you to categorize the content and so construct
Anonymity - the quality or state of being anonymous; one that is anonymous.

29
- This is about using social media sites to remain anonymous or unnoticed.
Subsequently - at a later or subsequent time.
- refers to events, actions, or developments that occur in chronological order
following a particular event, interaction, or post on a social media platform.
Platforms - a means or opportunity to communicate ideas or information to a
group of people.
- refers to an online service or application that facilitates the creation and sharing
of user-generated content, communication, and interaction among its members.
Nuanced - having or characterized by subtle and often appealingly complex
qualities, aspects, or distinctions.
- involves recognizing and appreciating the intricacies and subtleties of human
communication, relationships, and experiences.
Multifaceted - having many different parts or sides
Chapter 2.
Research Design
The study will employ a qualitative approach with Narrative Inquiry. This
approach will be used by the researchers since the aim of this research is to
"interview and get a more personal form of research agenda compared to
general questionnaires or focused group studies. Such formats often include

30
open-ended and follow-up questions. In addition, this type of approach allows for
a deeper exploration of participants’ experiences, thoughts, and perspectives
while maintaining some standardization level (Question Pro, 2023).
The researchers will conduct predetermined questions to get new
information and investigate participant’s experiences. This approach will allow the
students to freely share their thoughts and experiences about the dominance of
social media on their cognitive aspects and how it will affect their daily lives.
This approach will be used by the researcher because the current study aims to
raise awareness about a particular subject, especially among young people
enrolled in City College of Calamba's first-year Bachelor of Elementary Education
program. Additionally, the study will make clear how social media affects our
lives.
To summarize, the qualitative research design with Narrative Inquiry will enable
the researchers to obtain rich, in-depth data through personal interviews and
open-ended questions. This methodology will help the research team gain
valuable insights into the experiences and perspectives of the participants,
ultimately contributing to a better understanding of the impact of social media on
their cognitive aspects and daily lives as part of the City College of Calamba's
first-year Bachelor of Elementary Education program.
Research Site
31
The Study will be conducted inside the school premises of City College of
Calamba to ensure that participants are comfortable while doing the interview. A
formal consent letter will be sent to the principal of City College of Calamba.
These letters will seek authorization for access to use an empty classroom for
conducting and recording interviews of participants. Scheduling will be
coordinated with the school administration to accommodate participants'
availability. Ethical considerations will be paramount. Participants will receive
clear consent forms outlining their rights, including the option to withdraw at any
time. Throughout the study, we will maintain open communication and offer
support services as needed.The study will be conducted in second semester of
the academic year 2023-2024
Selection Criteria and Participants
This study will employ a purposeful sample design in qualitative research; this
non-probability sampling method is employed. The intentionally chosen group of
respondents with certain characteristics or distinctive experiences relevant to the
research question is known as intentional sampling. Finding and seeking
participants who may provide rich and varied data to support the findings of the
research is the objective. It is employed because the goal of the research is to
find people or groups that have particular knowledge, abilities, or life experiences
32
related to the research question (Sago.com, 2023). To effectively determine the
respondents' willingness and potential, the researchers will conduct a pre-
interview with them.
The researcher will ensure that the relevance and richness of the data to be
collected will be guided by the specific criteria. The selection of participants for
the study will be guided by the following criteria; must be a first-year student
taking Bachelor of Elementary Education, regular users of Facebook, willing to
participate, and with diverse backgrounds. The participants in this study will
consist of five (5) first-year Bachelor of Elementary Education students from City
College of Calamba. These students will be purposefully selected based on the
outlined criteria to provide meaningful insights into the research questions and
objectives.
Elphinston and Noller (2011) stated that Facebook addiction also referred to as
problematic Facebook use, is described as an excessive attachment to
Facebook that negatively influences daily life. Moreover, Fowler BPsySc, Gullo
PhD, and Elphinston PhD (2020) declared that rash impulsiveness would be
associated with higher levels of Facebook addiction based on high rash
impulsiveness and internet-based addiction.
Data Gathering Procedures

33
In the data-gathering phase of this study, the researchers will first send a formal
consent letter to the principal of City College of Calamba (CCC) and the dean of
the Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) students. This step is crucial for
gaining approval and support from the educational institution. Using a purposive
sampling method, the researchers will identify and invite 20 first-year BEED
students from CCC who meet the study's criteria. This sampling technique allows
for the selection of individuals with relevant experiences and perspectives on the
impact of social media, specifically Facebook, on their social behavior.
The researchers will develop semi-structured interview questions tailored to the
study's objectives. These questions will encourage participants to share their
experiences and thoughts related to Facebook usage and its influence on their
lives. Each participant will be interviewed individually, with the interviews being
conducted at a suitable location within the college premises. The interviews will
be video-recorded to ensure accurate documentation of the responses and to
allow for multiple analyses if needed. To encourage detailed and reflective
insights, each interview will be allotted 25 to 30 minutes. This time frame will
provide participants with ample opportunity to share their thoughts and
experiences without feeling rushed or pressured. After the interviews, the
researchers will transcribe the video recordings for further analysis. They will
employ thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns in the participants'
34
responses, helping to uncover the underlying influences of Facebook on their
cognitive aspects and daily lives.
Throughout the data-gathering process, the researchers will prioritize the
participants' rights and well-being. They will inform the participants about the
study's purpose and seek their consent before proceeding with the data
collection. Anonymity will be maintained by using participant codes, and all data
will be stored securely and used only for research analysis purposes. By
following these data-gathering procedures, the researchers aim to collect
comprehensive and reliable data that will contribute to a better understanding of
the impact of social media, particularly Facebook, on the cognitive aspects and
daily lives of first-year BEED students at City College of Calamba.
Data Analysis
Researchers were able to reflect on themes developed from the data by
taking note of the interviewees' responses after the recorded video interview.
Descriptors were used to help the researcher understand the participant's
perspectives as well as the shared experiences of the respondents. The next
action the researchers carried out was to begin the procedure of coding, which
includes providing codes, words, or phrases that show what themes or issues
specific data sections apply to. Coding is an integral part of qualitative data
analysis. Coding can be defined as the labeling and organizing of qualitative data
to identify themes and patterns. The purpose of coding is to provide structure to

35
free-form data so that it can be examined systematically. Bodine (2021). To
understand a developing theme in the information collected, the researchers
studied the participant responses. To collect accurate and relevant information
about participants' experiences with the usage of the Facebook platform,
researchers will ask the questions. After that, the data is analyzed to discover
patterns, themes, and findings that support the study's objectives.
Role of Researchers
The task of the researcher is to describe and interpret the experiences of the
participants to determine Facebook's dominance in the social behavior of City
College of Calamba first-year elementary education students. To gather the data
needed, the researcher could interview participants about how often they use
Facebook. It is the researcher's responsibility to make sure that the data is
reliable and precise and that the research is conducted ethically and responsibly.
Also, the researcher is required to be able to concisely and easily convey the
result of the study to those with an interest.

36
Under the authority of Btachino, Przepiórka, and Cudo (2024), Facebook is used
for work, entertainment, and communication. However, there is potential for
problematic or addictive use that can cause significant mental and physical
health problems.
Literature shows that Facebook was the leader in the social media revolution and
is a well-known website on a global basis, and the lives of young adults are
improved by using Facebook in ways including sustaining friendship networks,
exchanging ideas, offering social support, establishing new connections, and
promoting learning. However, overusing Facebook can lead to depression by
spending a lot of time on social networking sites like Facebook and later
displaying the typical symptoms of depression. (Sharma 2023).
Eraslan Capan. (2015) stated that self-esteem is linked to problematic social
media usage. The individual personality is playing an important role in
problematic use at this time. Facebook created many attractive and innovative
social features that attract people, and users spend a lot of time on Facebook,
which is also a cause of Facebook addiction. There are 350 million people with
this kind of Facebook disorder. Problematic use of Facebook creates problems in
the user's life, such as relationships, friends, and school life. (Lee et al., 2014).
According to Brailovskaia, Ströse, Schillack, and Margraf (2020), the intervention
reduced active and passive Facebook use intensity, the level of Facebook
37
addiction disorder life satisfaction significantly increased, and depressive
symptoms significantly decreased. Moreover, the frequency of physical activity
such as jogging or cycling significantly increased, and the number of daily
smoked cigarettes decreased. Effects remained stable during follow-up (three
months). Thus, less time spent on Facebook leads to more well-being and a
healthier lifestyle.
Facebook, as the largest social networking site targeted at providing access to
interpersonal social networks, has been found to be a source of social support.
Facebook-based social support was found to improve general physical and
mental health, as well as well-being. It was also found to reduce symptomatology
associated with mental illness, including depression, anxiety, online victimization,
and loneliness. There were a number of behavioral factors that influenced these
outcomes, including social comparison, communication competence, and self-
disclosure. Glamour, Machin, Brownlow, and Jeffries (2020).
Methods of Validation
The research team used a guide questionnaire for collecting the primary data,
ensuring clarity and simplicity for effective communication. The instrument
consists of ten (10) questions four for opening questions, five for key questions,
and one for closing questions answered by the participants. The instrument has
undergone face validity by the researcher's adviser, who is inclined to do

38
qualitative research to ensure that the guide questionnaire items are specific and
measurable.
Potential Ethical Issues
The participants of the study will be the 1st year students who came from
the Bachelor of Elementary Education program at City College of Calamba; they
are typically those students who are exposed to the use of social media
platforms, such as Facebook. They are a relatively homogeneous group of
participants. However, the researchers will ask the participants if they want to be
part of the interview to assure them that they will not be coerced into taking part
in said interview, that their participation is entirely voluntary, and that they have
the freedom to choose whether they want to participate or not.
The researchers will adhere to the outlined ethical standards. In this
current study, from the researchers, the participants will learn about the
importance and main purpose of this study. The participant's shared information,
such as their personal information and responses is securely stored (kept
separate from computerized data), treated as confidential or private at all times,
and only for academic purposes and the purposes of the particular study. All
participants' personal information will be deleted after the study. The authors of
the literature and research utilized to establish the rationale and background of
39
the investigation and to support the study's conclusion shall be properly cited.
Furthermore, the researchers will refrain from expressing disapproval of the
respondents' viewpoints on issues that will be discussed throughout the
interview. They assure not to ask any follow-up questions or queries that could
make the participants question the accuracy of their experiences. The line of
questioning must be protected from remarks that minimize the skill of the faculty
and from the use of sexist terminology.
Prior to formally extending an invitation to a participant for a face-to-face
interview, the researchers will first find out their readiness by giving them a
written consent form, facilitated through signed consent letters, ensuring that they
consented to the terms and conditions stated in the letter. These letter were
designed to assure the participants that their participation in the said face-to-face
interview is entirely voluntary. They can choose to participate or not. It is stated in
the consent letter that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time, at any
point, and for any reason. Additionally, the researcher's phone number will be
provided in case participants have any questions before or after the interview.
Their signature and name are also necessary, although they will not appear on
the final product.
The study will be conducted solely for the purpose of determining their
perceptions regarding Dominance of Facebook in the Social Behavior of

40
students. This will only be done to meet the necessary needs for their study. It
will not be submitted for any research funding.
Being a part of this study will not be that dangerous since the only
intention of the study is just to elicit their perceptions pertaining to Dominance of
Facebook in the Social Behavior of students. The researcher will also be safe
from any unbiased issues as they will only use it for academic purposes.
Being a part of this study will directly benefit the students. The results or
findings of this research will also benefit future students within the community.
This will serve as evidence that it is really necessary to minimize the excessive
use of social media, such as Facebook, since it Dominates the Social Behavior of
students, which can cause low self-esteem, depression, and a lack of social
skills.
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50
APPENDICES
“Exploring the Dominance of Facebook in the Social Behavior of the 1st

Year BEED Students at City College of Calamba”
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF BEED STUDENTS
This qualitative research delves into the perspectives and insights of the
Bachelor of Elementary Students particularly in the dominance of Facebook on
their social behavioral aspects. The study focuses on the responses of the
participants after the interview.
INSIGHTS
Exploring the experiences and insights of the BEED students as they live and
entertain the the social media platform: Facebook.
INFLUENCE
Discover how Facebook influence the social behavior aspects of the first year
Bachelor of Elementary Students.
RELATIONSHIP
Exploring the influence of Facebook on the social behavior aspects of the 1st
year BEED students when it comes to their social relationships inside the
classroom.
Contact us:
51
cbathan@ccc.edu.ph
mfalarcon@ccc.edu.ph
pocatalan@ccc.edu.ph
rsdomingo@ccc.edu.ph
jbmorpe@ccc.edu.ph
dbespino@ccc.edu.ph
52
CURRICULUM VITAE
53
MARK GIDEON F. ALARCON

#729 Gumamela st. Purok 6 Baranggay Lingga Calamba
mfalarcon@ccc.edu.ph
09633660626
I. PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth : August 03, 2000
Place of Birth : Calamba, Laguna
Citizenship : Filipino
Sex : Male
Age : 23
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Apostolic Pentecostal
Father's Name : Domingo Alarcon Jr.
Mother's name : Hazel Alarcon
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School : Calamba Bayside Integrated School
(2017-2019)
Junior High School : Calamba Bayside Integrated School

(2014-2017)
Elementary : Lingga Elementary School
(2007-2013
54
CARESE BATHAN
#286 Borja Subdivision, Barangay 7, Pob, Calamba City.
cbathan@ccc.edu.ph
09649060018
I.PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth : April 10,2002
Place of Birth : Juliano, Calamba, Laguna
Sex : Female
Age : 21
Religion : Seventh-Day Adventist
Father's Name : Christopher D. Fajardo
Mother's name : Rhodora S. Bathan
II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Senior High School : Saint Benilde International School
(2019-2021)
Junior High School : Laguna College of Business and Arts

(2015-2019)
Elementary : Lingga Elementary School

(2009-2015)
55
PAUL RONIELLE O. CATALAN

#672 San Vicente Street Real, Calamba City
pocatalan@ccc.edu.ph
09096891586
I.PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth : September 30,2002
Sex : Male
Age : 21
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father's Name : Ronald O. Catalan
Mother's name : Floriel O. Catalan
II.EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Senior High School : Saint Benilde International High School
(2019-2021)
Junior High School : Eduardo Barretto Senior National High School

(2015-2019)
Elementary : Real Elementary School (2009-2015)

56
RICCA VICTORIA S. DOMINGO

#499 Banahaw St. Dennis 2 Subdivision, Brgy Cinco,
Calamba City
rsdomingo@ccc.edu.ph
09561225849
I.PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth : November 10, 2002.
Place of Birth : San Pedro, Calamba,
Laguna
Sex : Female
Age : 21
Religion : Baptist
Father's Name : Ricardo Domingo
Mother's name : Lynette Sanchez
Senior High School : Calamba Doctors College
(2019-2021)
Junior High School : St. John National High School

(2015-2019)
Elementary : Lecheria Elementary School (2009-2015)

57
DIANA B. ESPINO
Blk 6 Lot 2&4 JAP Villa Bañadero Brgy Cinco,
Calamba City
dbespino@ccc.edu.ph
09947445368
I.PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth : February 7,2003
Sex : Female
Age : 20
Father's Name : Pedro R Espino
Mother's name : Dores A. Bernales
Senior High School: Montessori Professional Colleges of Asia
(2019-2021)
Junior High School: Calamba Integrated School

(2015-2019)
Elementary : Calamba Elementary School (2009-2015)

58
JOANA MARIE B. MORPE

1#188 Purok 2 Brgy.Banlic, Calamba City
jbmorpe@ccc.edu.ph
09128322115
I. PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth : June 21,2002
Sex : Female
Age : 21
Father's Name : Marciano Reyes Morpe Jr.
Mother's name : Mylene Batino Morpe
Senior High School : Saint Benilde International School
(2019-2021)
Junior High School : Laguna College of Business and Arts

(2016-2020)
Elementary : Calamba Elementary School
(2009-2015)

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CITY COLLEGE OF CALAMBA

DEPARMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION

EXPLORING THE DOMINANCE OF FACEBOOK IN THE

I. Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

II. Chapter 2 METHODS 29

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Social media is becoming more and more prevalent everywhere,

self-expression (National Library of Medicine, 2023). Statista, (2023) claimed that

has a significant influence on students' behaviors, especially regarding their

attributed to its accessibility through various internet-connected devices. As a

facilitating communication, and socialization, and even aiding in completing

assignments and meeting deadlines. However, amidst the benefits of social

responsibilities. Consequently, students can become overly dependent on social

amount of time students spend on social media, there is a growing interest in

Social behavior can broadly be defined as interactions between

individuals or groups. Social behavior is a part of human psychology against

unacceptable behaviors. It centers on the attitude, perception, reaction, and

disposition of an individual to others around him (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010).

adolescents are linked to adverse effects, including depression and anxiety,

relationships. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, interact and

socialize. New technologies help facilitate and provide flexibility in

communicating and sharing of resources. This new approach to consuming and

creating information is in particular attractive to youths as a platform and space

educators to redefine their understanding of interpersonal communication and

social behavior aspects of first-year BEED students, shedding light on potential

areas for intervention and enhancement of their overall well-being.

interact with others to promote interpersonal relationships and have a certain

significant impact on various aspects of social behavior. Sarmiento, (2018)

highlighted the potential negative effects of social media, particularly on

adolescents' internalizing behaviors such as depression, anxiety, and loneliness.

social behavior, it also has the potential to exacerbate negative behaviors,

particularly among vulnerable populations. Understanding the influence of

Facebook on the social behavior of first-year college is crucial for comprehending

academic and social environments.

A range of studies have explored the impact of social media on students'

dependency on gadgets and reduced face-to-face interaction. Yohanna, (2020)

to addiction, hindering real-life interactions. Despite the extensive research on

understanding how Facebook's dominance specifically influences the social

behavior aspects of first-year BEED students at City College of Calamba. While

how Facebook's dominance shapes the social interactions and behaviors of

develop informed strategies to guide students in navigating social media

responsibly, promoting positive social behaviors, and enhancing academic

success. Overall, this study aims to contribute to the field of education by

providing actionable knowledge that can empower educators to support their

students in effectively navigating the digital world.

Background of the Study

The internet is today's most important source of information and social

dependent on it as they do their assignments and projects on their particular

procrastination in doing their school requirements.

Addiction to the usage of social media has extremely increased in recent

disturbing. Academic performance, which is depicted by the grades of students,

is a great concern that students spend excessive time on social networks. It

influences them in many factors and students are becoming vulnerable as a

happiness as we are being entertained by memes on Facebook and funny videos

we can watch on YouTube. It also gives us enthusiasm as we socialize and

use in higher education.

According to Oye (2012), most younger students use social networking