GROUP 6

Members:
Plestado, Lowell M.
Postrado, Ellesmiiere B.
Porfura, Denalyn L.
Quario, Mary rose I.
Quito, Myrrha murial D.
Regorosa, Dianne E.
Reyes, Princess angel A.

Contribution:
Each member answered all the guide questions and shared it to
the group so everyone had a contribution to all parts. Through
shared answers, the group discussed what idea or answer to put
in the group output itself.
1. What is the era of postmodernism?

The late 20th-century philosophical and literary theory movement known as

postmodernism generally challenges the foundational tenets of modern western
philosophy. A tendency toward pastiche, parody quotation, self-referentiality, and
eclecticism are all characteristics of postmodernism, which is frequently
characterized by a revolt against authority and signification.

2. What is a characteristic of the postmodern era?

• Ironic
• Playful
• Nostalgic
• Eclectic
• Chop things up and re-arranges them
• Pastiche - Borrows from the other styles
• Parody Quotation - Makes fun of genres texts and narratives.
• Self Referentiality

3. What are some examples of postmodern era?

a. Fragmentation
Postmodern literature and art often embraces a fragmented narrative structure as
a way to challenge the idea of the “grand metanarrative”.
Artist: Jean-Michel Basquiat
Artwork: Warrior (1982)
Explanation: Jean-Michel Basquiat’s paintings are characteristically fragmented,
with jumbled and chaotic lines, splatters, and scrawls that overlap and clash as a
challenge to the normative expectations of art.

b. Intertextuality
Postmodernists believe that reality is constructed through discourse – or in other
words, through the immersion in the influential language and texts of your time.
Author: Thomas Pynchon
Book: The Crying of Lot 49 (1966)
Description: In “The Crying of Lot 49” by Thomas Pynchon, intertextuality is used
regularly to demonstrate how meaning is constructed through cultural reference.
The book makes regular references to Shakespeare, the Bible, and medieval
mystic Roger Bacon.

c. Pastiche
 Pastiche refers to the mixing and blending of different styles and genres within
one single text.
Artist: Chris Ofili
Artwork: No Woman No Cry (1998)
Description: If you look at the art and sculptures of Chris Ofili, you’ll notice the
blending of African textiles, Hindu deities, and popular culture.

d. Irony
Postmodern literature often uses irony as a way to subvert expectations. Irony
makes us double-take because it undermines our expectations.
Author: Milan Kundera
Book: The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1984)
Description: A good example of post-modern irony is in the novel “The
Unbearable Lightness of Being” by Milan Kundera where Tomas (the protagonist)
is a womanizer and hedonist; yet at unexpected moments he is also a deeply
introspective character who challenges our expectations of how he should
behave. Irony helps to challenge stereotypes.

4. Who is the father of postmodernism?

Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998)
LyotardFrench post-structuralist philosopher, best known for his highly influential
formulation of postmodernism in The Postmodern Condition.

5. What is postmodernism vs modernism?

Reason and science are viewed as just human-made myths in postmodernism,
ideologies in the Nietschean or Marxist meaning. Every determination of what is
"true" exists within a specific cultural context; there is no single, universally
applicable method for doing so. The use of pure reason invalidates the idea that
human freedom is inherently universal. Western ideologies like independence
and freedom are utilized to dominate other societies or oppress women.
Furthermore, the definition of truth in any other culture is no more universal than
that of science. Contrarily, reason and science offer an exact, impartial, and
trustworthy foundation of knowledge in modernism. Reason is universal and true;
it transcends and exists apart from our existential, historical, and cultural settings.
Reason and human autonomy or freedom are inextricably intertwined, and just
laws follow Reason's rules. These truths, in our opinion, are obvious. Reason
may assist us in resolving all disagreements since it is universal.

All things regarded, postmodernism was a response to modernism. The

foundation of modernism was typically idealism, a utopian view of human
existence and society, and a faith in development. It was considered that reality
could be understood or explained using a set of greatest universal principles or
truths, such as those developed by religion or science. Instead of concentrating
on subjects, modernist painters experimented with form, method, and procedures
because they thought they could find a way to create art that was just a reflection
of the modern world. Postmodernism emerged from skepticism and a mistrust of
reason, whereas modernism was founded on idealism and reason. It questioned
the idea that there are universal facts or certainties.