LN.

3 Nazism and Rise of Hitler

Question 1.
What was genocidal war?
Answer:
It was a war started by Germany during the Second
World War, which resulted in the mass murder of
selected groups of innocent civilians of Europe.

Question 2.
What was the impact of the First World War on the
political system of Germany?
Answer:

 The abdication of the emperor gave an opportunity

to parliamentary parties to recast German polity.
 A democratic constitution was established with a
federal structure.

Question 3.
Name the members of the Axis powers.
Answer:
Germany, Italy and Japan.

Question 4.
Name the members of the Allies.
Answer:
England, France and Russia.
Question 5.
What refers to the Secret State Police of Germany?
Answer:
Gestapo.

Question 6.
What is hyperinflation? Mention the factor responsible for
this.
Answer:
It is a situation when there is very high price rise. It
occurred in Germany after the First World War due to
too much printing of currency.

Question 7.
What was the Enabling Act which was passed by Hitler
after he took control over Germany?
Answer:
The Enabling Act was passed in 1933. It gave Hitler all
powers to sideline the Parliament and the rule by decree.
All political parties and trade unions were banned except
the Nazi Party.

Question 8.
Name the Treaty which was signed by the Allies with
Germany after the First World War.
Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles.
Question 9.
When was the Tripartite Pact signed? What was its
importance?
Answer:
It was signed in 1940 between Germany, Italy and
Japan. It strengthened Hitler’s claim to international
power.

Question 10.
“The new republic established in Germany after the First
World War was not received well by its own people”. Give
reason. HOTS
Answer:
Because the new republic signed the Treaty of Versailles
accepting all the demands of the Allies.

Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Important

Questions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Mention four major terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
Or
‘The Treaty of Versailles was harsh and humiliating’.
Justify by
giving four terms of the treaty.
Answer:

 Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its

population, 13 per cent of its territories, 75 per cent
 of its iron and 26 per cent of its coal to France,
Poland, Denmark and Lithuania.
 The Allied Powers demilitarised Germany to weaken
its power.
 The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for
the war and damages the Allied countries suffered.
Germany was forced to pay compensation amounting
to around £ 6 billion.
 The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich
Rhineland for much of the 1920s. Many Germans
held the new Weimar Republic responsible for not only
the defeat in the war, but the disgrace at Versailles.

Question 2.
State three features of political radicalism in Germany.
Answer:
Features of political radicalism in Germany are :

 The political situation that came into view after the

rise of Weimar Republic is termed as political
radicalism.
 The demand and the uprising for Soviet style
governance were suppressed by the Weimar republic
and this enraged them to form the communist party.
 Both communists and socialists wanted political
radicalism against Hitler’s Rule.
 This situation aggravated with economic crisis in
1923. Germany paid war repartation in Gold and so
the Gold Reserves of Germany became scarce.
 Due to this, Germany refused to pay the war
reparation. As a result, French occupied Ruhr, which
was the leading industrial area of Germany.
 Germany printed paper currency in excess which
further led to worsening of the situation and hyper
inflation, (any three)

3.State any three major effects of the First World War in

Germany.
Answer:
Three major effects of the First World War in Germany
are :

 World War I, ended with the Allies defeating

Germany and the Central Powers in November 1918.
The Peace Treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a
harsh and humiliating Treaty. Germany lost its
overseas colonies, a tenth of its population. 13 percent
of its territories, 75 per cent of its iron and 26 per
cent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and
Lithuania.
 The Allied Powers demilitarized Germany to weaken
its power Germany was forced to pay compensation
amounting to £ 6 billion.
 The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich
Rhineland for much of the 1920s
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Important Questions
Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did the Great Economic Depression of 1929 affect
the life of the people of Germany? Explain. HOTS
Answer:

 Drastic Fall in Industrial Production: By 1932,

industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent of
the 1929 level.
 Unemployment: Workers lost their jobs or were paid
reduced wages. The number of unemployed touched
an unprecedented 6 million. As jobs disappeared, the
youth took to criminal activities and total despair
became commonplace. The economic crisis created
deep anxieties and fears in people.
 Loss of Saving: The middle classes, especially salaried
employees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish
when the currency lost its value.
 Impact on Small Entrepreneur: Small businessmen,
the self-employed and retailers suffered as their
businesses got ruined. Big business was in crisis.
 Impact on Peasants: The large mass of peasantry
was affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices and
women, unable to fill their children’s stomachs, were
filled with a sense of deep despair.
Question 2.
Explain briefly the main causes of the Rise of Nazi
dictatorship in Germany.
Answer:
The main causes of rise of Nazi dictatorship in Germany
are as follows:
(i) The First World War defeat
(ii) Weakness of Weimar Republic: The Weimar
constitution had some inherent defects which made it
unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship. Due to
proportional representation, one party rule became an
impossible task, leading to a rule by coalitions. Another
defect was Article 48, which gave the President the
power to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and by
decree.

(iii) Treaty of Versailles: Germany was forced to sign the

Treaty of Versailles with allied powers.
This made Germany to lose its overseas colonies, a tenth
of its population, 13% of territories and many more. The
allied powers demilitarized Germany. The Allied armies
also occupied the resource rich Rhineland.
The war guilt clause forced Germany to pay £ 6 billion as
war damages to the Allied Powers.

(iv) The Economic Crisis: German economy was worst hit.

Industrial production was reduced to 40%. Due to great
economic depression the National Income of the USA fell
by half leading to shut down the factories. The exports fell
down and farmers suffered the most during the
depression.

(v) Mass Unemployment: Workers of Germany lost their

jobs or were paid reduced wages. Unemployed youth
played cards or lined up at local employment exchange.
Jobs disappeared and youth took to criminal activities.

(vi) German people thought that Hider would be a good

dictator as he promised to undo the injustice of Treaty of
Versailles. He also promised to give employment to those
looking for work. Later, the Nazi Party became the
largest Party with 37% votes in Reichstag.

Question 3.
Explain how Hitler dismantled the democratic structure.
Answer:
(i) Suspension of All Rights: The Fire Decree of 28th
February, 1933 indefinitely suspended the civic rights like
freedom of speech, press and assembly that had been
guaranteed by the Weimar constitution.

(ii) Ill-treatment to the Communists: Hitler was against

communists. Most of them were hurriedly packed off to
the newly established concentration camps. The repression
of the communists was severe. The Enabling Act : On 3rd
March, 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed. This
Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all
powers to sideline the Parliament and the rule by decree.
All political parties and trade unions were banned except
for the Nazi Party and its affiliates. The state established
complete control over the economy, media, army and the
judiciary.

(iii) Total Control: Special surveillance and security forces

were created to control and order the society in ways
that the Nazis wanted. Apart from the already existing
regular police in green uniform and the SA or the Storm
Troopers, these included the Gestapo (secret state police),
the SS (the protection squads), criminal police and the
Security Service (SD).

(iv) Single Party System: Hitler believed in ‘One people,

one empire, and one leader policy’. Immediately after
coming into power he banned all the other political
parties except Nazi Party and its affiliates.

Question 4.
What were the major factors responsible for economic
crisis in Germany during 1920s?
Answer:

(i) War Loans: Germany had fought the First World War
largely on loans. As there were no other resources to pay
back so Germany had to pay back in gold. This depleted
gold reserves at a time resources were scarce.
(ii) French Occupied Ruhr: Ruhr was the most important
industrial region of Germany. In 1923, Germany refused
to pay, and the French occupied Ruhr, to claim their coal.

(iii) Reckless Printing of Currency: Germany retaliated

with passive resistance and printed paper currency
recklessly. With too much printed money in circulation,
the value of the German mark fell. In April, the US dollar
was equal to 24,000 marks, in July 353,000 marks, in
August 46,21,000 marks and at 9,88,60,000 marks by
December, the figure had run into trillions.

(iv) Hyperinflation: As the value of the mark collapsed,

prices of goods soared. This crisis came to be known as
hyperinflation, a situation when prices rise phenomenally
high. Eventually, the Americans intervened and bailed
Germany out of the crisis by introducing the Dawes Plan,
which reworked the terms of reparation to ease the
financial burden on Germans.

(v) Great Depression in USA: German investments and

industrial recovery were totally dependent on short-term
loans, largely from the USA. This support was withdrawn
when the Wall Street Exchange crashed in 1929.