VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELGAV1-

590018

Report on
Social Connect and Responsibilities
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Submitted by
ANURAG SAHANI
USN [1VJ22CS004]
Under the Guidance Of
Mrs . Mangala Patil
Assistant Professor
Dept. of CSE

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY BENGALURU 560077

2023 - 2024

1
 VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY BENGALURU 560077

CERTIFICATE

This is to Certified that the “Social Connect And Responsibilities” has been
successfully presented at Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology by ANURAG
SAHANI [1VJ22CS004] in partial fulfilment Of the requirements for the ‘3’
Semester degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and
Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during
academic year 2023-2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated
for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the
departmental library. The Social Connect and Responsibilities has been approved
as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work for the said
degree.

----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

Signature Of NCC Officer Signature Of HOD Signature Of Principal

Prof. Mohammed Mannan Prof . Mangala Patil Dr. S C Lingareddy

NCC Officer Assoiciate Prof & HOD Principal

Dept. of Civil Engeneering Dept of CSE,VVIT VVIT Banglore

Name of examiner
1…………………
2………………....

2
 DECLARATION

I am ANURAG SAHANI student of 3 Semester B.E, in Computer

Science & Engineering. Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology hereby
declare that “SOCIAL CONNECT AND RESPONSIBILITIES” has
been carried out by us and submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the 3rd Semester in Bachelor of Engineering in
Computer Science and Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during academic year of 2023-24.

ANURAG SAHANI

Date:
Place:
USN: 1VJ22CS004

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful

completion of any task would be incomplete without the
mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement crowned the efforts with
success.

We would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to our

Social Connect and Responsibilities Mrs. Mangala Patil,
HOD, Department of Computer Science & Engineering for
her constant support and guidance throughout the Social
Connect and Responsibilities.
It gives us immense pleasure to thank Mrs Mangala Patel
Professor and Head of Department for her constant support
and encouragement.
We would like to express our thanks to the Principal Dr.
Sanjeev C Lingrajreddy. for his encouragement that
motivated us for the successful completion of Social
Connect and
Responsibilities We would like to profoundly thank
Management of Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology for
providing such a healthy environment for the successful
completion of Social Connect and Responsibilities. Last,
but not the least, I would hereby acknowledge and thank
my parents who have been a source of inspiration and also
instrumental in the successful completion of the Social
Connect and Responsibilities.

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 INDEX
SI.NO. TITLE Page
No.
1. DECLARATION 3

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

3. MODULE 1: PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF TREE 7-10

4. MODULE 2: HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFT CORNER 11-16

5. MODULE 3: ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE 17-22

MANAGEMENT
6. MODULE 4: WATER CONSERVATION AND WASTE 23-27
MANAGEMENT
7. MODULE 5: FOOD WALK 28-30

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MODULE-1
Plantation and adoption of a tree: Plantation tree that will be
adopted tor tour years a group of BTech, students. They will Also
make an excerpt either as a documentary or a photoblog describing
the origin. its usage in daily life, and its appearance in folklore and
literature

MODULE-2
Heritage walks and crafts corner: dentate tour. the history and
culture of the Culture connecting to people around through their
history. knowing the city and its craftsman, photoblog documentary
on evolution and practise of various craft forms.

MODULE-3
Organic farming and waste management: usefulness of organic
farming wet waste management neighbouring villages and
implementation In the campus

MODULE-4
Water Conservation: knowing the present practices in the
surrounding villages and implementation in the campus , documentary
and a photoblog presenting the current practices

MODULE-5
Food walk: Citys culinary practices, foodlore, and indigenous
materials of the region usedi n cooking

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 MODULE 1
PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF A TREE

BAMBOO TREE

Bamboos are a diverse group of

mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the
subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant
bamboos are the largest members of the grass family, in the
case of Dendrocalamus sinicus individual culms reaching a
length of 151 feet (46 meters), up to fourteen inches (36
centimeters) in thickness and a weight of up to 990 pounds (450
kilograms).[3] The internodes of bamboos can also be of great
length. Kinabaluchloa wrayi has internodes up to 8.2 feet (2.5
meters) in length.[4] and Arthrostylidium schombergkii with lower
internodes up to 16 feet ( five meters) in length,[5] exceeded in
length only by Papyrus. By contrast, the culms of the tiny
bamboo Raddiella vanessiae of the Kaieteur Plateau in French
Guiana are only 0.4–0.8 inches (10–20 millimeters) in length by
about one-twelfth inch (two millimeters) in width.[6][7] The origin of
the word "bamboo" is uncertain, but it probably comes from the
Dutch or Portuguese language, which originally borrowed it from
Malay or Kannada.

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 In bamboo, as in other grasses, the internodal regions of the stem are
usually hollow and the vascular bundles in the cross-section are
scattered throughout the walls of the culm instead of in a cylindrical
cambium layer between the bark (phloem) and the wood (xylem) as
in Dicots and Conifers. The dicotyledonous woody xylem is also
absent. The absence of secondary growth wood causes the stems of
monocots, including the palms and large bamboos, to be columnar
rather than tapering.

 Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world, due

to a unique rhizome-dependent system. Certain species of bamboo
can grow 91 centimetres within a 24-hour period, at a rate of almost
40 millimetres an hour . Growth up to 47.6 inches in 24 hours has
been observed in the instance of Japanese giant timber bamboo .This
rapid growth and tolerance for marginal land.
 Most bamboo species are native to warm and moist tropical and to
warm temperate climates.[20] Their range also extends to cool
mountainous regions and highland cloud forests.

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 In the Asia-Pacific region they occur across East Asia, from north to 50
°N latitude in Sakhalin,[21] to south to northern Australia, and west to
India and the Himalayas. China, Japan, Korea, India and Australia, all
have several endemic populations.[22] They also occur in small
numbers in sub-Saharan Africa, confined to tropical areas, from
southern Senegal in the north to southern Mozambique and
Madagascar in the south.[23] In the Americas, bamboo has a native
range from 47 °S in southern Argentina and the beech forests of central
Chile, through the South American tropical rainforests, to the Andes in
Ecuador near 4,300 m (14,000 ft).

 Three species of bamboo, all in the genus Arundinaria, are also native
through Central America and Mexico, northward into the Southeastern
United States.[24] Bamboo thickets called canebrakes once formed a
dominant ecosystem in some parts of the Southeastern United States,
but they are now considered critically endangered
ecosystems.[25][26][27] Canada and continental Europe are not known
to have any native species of bamboo.[28] Many species are also
cultivated as garden plants outside of this range, including in Europe
and areas of North America where no native wild bamboo exists.

 Recently, some attempts have been made to grow bamboo on a

commercial basis in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa,
especially in Rwanda.[29] In the United States, several companies are
growing, harvesting, and distributing species such as Phyllostachys
nigra (Henon) and Phyllostachys edulis (Moso).[30]

 The two general patterns for the growth of bamboo are "clumping", and
"running", with short and long underground rhizomes, respectively.
Clumping bamboo species tend to spread slowly, as the growth pattern
of the rhizomes is to simply expand the root mass gradually, similar to
ornamental grasses. Running bamboos need to be controlled during
cultivation because of their potential for aggressive behaviour. They
spread mainly through their rhizomes, which can spread widely
underground and send up new culms to break through the surface.
Running bamboo species are highly variable in their
tendency to spread; this is related to the
species, soil and climate conditions. Some send out runners
of several meters a year, while others stay in the same

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 general area for long periods. If neglected, over time, they
can cause problems by moving into adjacent areas.
 Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants on
Earth, with reported growth rates up to 910 mm (36 in) in 24
hours.[11] These depend on local soil and climatic conditions,
as well as species, and a more typical growth rate for many
commonly cultivated bamboos in temperate climates is in the
range of 30–100 mm (1–4 in) per day during the growing
period. Primarily growing in regions of warmer climates
during the late Cretaceous period, vast fields existed in what
is now Asia. Some of the largest timber bamboo grow over 30
m (100 ft) tall, and be as large as 250–300 mm (10–12 in) in
diameter. The size range for mature bamboo is
speciesdependent, with the smallest bamboos reaching only
several inches high at maturity. A typical height range
covering many of the common bamboos grown in the United
States is 4.5– 12 m (15–39 ft), depending on species. Anji
County of China, known as the "Town of Bamboo", provides
the optimal climate and soil conditions to grow, harvest, and
process some of the most valued bamboo poles available
worldwide.
 Soft bamboo shoots, stems and leaves are the major food
source of the giant panda[36] of China, the red panda[37] of
Nepal, and the bamboo lemurs of Madagascar. Rats eat the
fruits as described above. Mountain gorillas of Central Africa
also feed on bamboo, and have been documented consuming
bamboo sap which was fermented and alcoholic;[23]
chimpanzees and elephants of the region also eat the stalks.
The golden bamboo lemur ingests many times the quantity of
the taxiphyllin-containing bamboo that would kill a human.
 The larvae of the bamboo borer (the moth Omphisa
fuscidentalis) of Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Yunnan, China
feed off the pulp of live bamboo. In turn, these caterpillars are
considered a local delicacy.

Save Trees Save Life

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 MODULE 2
HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFT CORNER

INTRODUCTION:

HERITAGE : Heritage is the full range of our inherited traditions, monuments, objects, and
culture , Everything which the ancestors bequeath may be called heritages . heritage
including collections, buildings, archaeological sites, landscapes and intangible expressions
of culture, such as traditions, flock, monuments , etc.
INDIA is rich in heritage it is The highlights of Indian heritage lie in the treasure of its art,
architecture, classical dance, music, flora and fauna

SOME OF HERITAGE PLACES ARE :

ELLORA:

Fig2.1:ellora

Ellora is the one of the World Heritage Site located in the Aurangabad district of
Maharashtra, India. It is one of the largest rock-cut Hindu temple cave complexes in the
world, with artwork dating from the period 600–1000 CE. Ellora is identified by UNESCO
(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) , Cave 16 features the
largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailash temple, a chariot-shaped

11
monument dedicated to the god Shiva. The Kailash temple excavation also features
sculptures .

CAVES OF ELLORA LOOK LIKE THIS

Fig 2.2:ellora caves

HISTORY OF ELLORA : They were built close to one another and illustrate the religious
harmony that existed in ancient India. All of the Ellora monuments were built during the
Rashtrakuta dynasty (753-982 CE), which constructed part of the Hindu and Buddhist caves,
and the Yadava dynasty (1187–1317), which constructed a number of the Jain caves.
Funding for the construction of the monuments was provided by royals, traders and the
wealthy of the region.
Today, the Ellora Caves, along with the nearby Ajanta Caves, are a major tourist attraction
in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and a protected monument under the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
The construction at Ellora has been studied since British colonial rule. However, the
overlapping styles between the Buddhist, Hindu and Jain caves has made it difficult to
establish agreement concerning the chronology of their construction. he earliest caves may
have been built during the Traikutakas and Vakataka dynasties, the latter being known for
sponsoring the Ajanta caves. However, it is considered likely that some of the earliest caves

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 THERE ARE SO MANY CAVES IN ELLORA
1.RAMESHWARA TEMPLE CAVE:

Fig2.3 RAMESHWARA TEMPLE CAVE

Rameshwar Lena, is another early excavation whose construction has been credited to the
Kalachuri dynasty. The cave was completed prior to the ascension of Rashtrakuta dynasty
which went on to expand the caves at Ellora

Although the cave features similar works to those in other Ellora caves, it also has a number
of unique pieces, such as those depicting the story of goddess Parvati’s pursuit of Shiva.
Carvings depicting Parvati and Shiva at leisure, Parvati’s wedding to Shiva, Shiva dancing
and Kartikeya (Skanda) have been found in other caves. The cave also features a large
display of the Sapta Matrika, the seven mother goddesses of the Shakti tradition of
Hinduism, flanked on either side by Ganesha and Shiva. Inside the temple are other
goddesses important to Shakti tradition, for example, the Durga. The entrance to Cave 21 is
flanked by large sculptures of the goddesses Ganga and Yamuna representing the two major
Himalayan rivers and their significance to the Indian culture.

2.KAILASA TEMPLE CAVE:

The Kailasha temple, inspired by Mount Kailasha, is dedicated to Shiva. It is modeled
along similar lines to other Hindu temples with a gateway, an assembly hall, a multi-storey
main temple surrounded by numerous shrines laid out according to the square principle, an
integrated space for circumambulation, a garbha-grihya (sanctum sanctorum) wherein
resides the linga-yoni, and a spire-shaped like Mount Kailash – all carved from one rock.

13
 Other shrines carved from the same rock are dedicated to Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati, the
ten avatars of Vishnu,

FIG 2.4 KAILASA TEMPLE CAVE

Vedic gods and goddesses including Indra, Agni, Vayu, Surya and Usha, as well as nonVedic
deities like Ganesha, Ardhanarishvara (half Shiva, half Parvati), Harihara (half Shiva, half
Vishnu), Annapurna, Durga and others. The basement level of the temple features numerous
Shaiva, Vaishnava and Shakti works; a notable set of carvings include the twelve episodes
from the childhood of Krishna, an important element of Vaishnavism.

3.INDIRA SABHA

FIG 2.5 INDIRA SABHA

Cave 32 or Indira sabha is actually a series of shrines dedicated to Mahavira and other Jaina
divinities aesthetically arranged in double storeys. The ground floor is plain, but the upstairs
has intricate carvings. A simple gateway leads into an open court, with its sides adorned with
lions, elephant friezes. There is a monolithic shrine of the Tirthankaras in the middle, a huge
monolithic pillar known as manastambha is to its right and a colossal monolithic elephant to

14
its left. The manastambha measures 28 feet in height and is crowned by four seated images
facing the cardinal directions. The monolithic elephant reminds one of the elephants sculpted
in the court of Kailasa, but, here it is more elegant and well preserved.

A flight of steps leads into a large shrine on the first floor, with side entrances on the east
and west leading to smaller shrines. Invariably these shrines are also dedicated to Mahavira.
Here one can see the remains of murals executed on the ceilings and the wall portion of the
caves. The exit on the west leads to two smaller shrines dedicated to Mahavira.

The important sculptures here are Ambika, the mother goddess, with a child seated on her
lap, a lion beneath and a spreading tree above. Other panels within the hall show Indra seated
on the elephant, Mahavira flanked by guardians of Tirthankaras. The ceiling is richly carved
with a massive lotus at the center. Paintings on the ceiling of the upper Mandapa show
couples and maidens flying through the clouds.

4.VISHWAKARMA CAVE:

FIG:2.6 VISHWAKARMA CAVE

The Vishwakarma cave (cave 10) has carvings of Hindu and Buddhist figures as well as a
lively scene of dancing dwarfs. Notable among the Jain temples is cave 32, which includes
fine carvings of lotus flowers and other elaborate ornaments. Each year the caves attract
large crowds of religious pilgrims and tourists. The annual Ellora Festival of Classical Dance
and Music is held there in the third week of March

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PRESERVATION OF OUR HERITAGE PLACES :

1) Resisting Cultural Homogenization

The wave of globalization has resulted in the steady erosion of national identities and local
cultures. Regarding the built environment, cultural standardization has created homogenous
urban landscapes that bear little relation to regional contextual specificities. Urban spaces
have largely lost the sense of place and diversity informed by their geographical, social,
economic, and environmental uniqueness. Conversely, heritage, in its rootedness in
centuries old spatial practices, can safeguard and nurture the cultural specificities of location
and fend off the uniformity of global standards

2) Preserving Climate Responsive Buildings

Historic buildings are climate friendly. First, they employ passive design techniques such as
optimal solar orientation, compactness, and room layouts, as well as high insulation
envelopes, right window sizing and locations, courtyards, and other perfected building
practices. These techniques aim to improve building environmental performance, energy
demand, and indoor air quality and personal health using natural daylighting, ventilation,
and other naturally renewable resources. As a result, traditional architecture is low-impact
and energy-efficient and retrofitting these buildings with new uses can better position cities
to achieve sustainable urban environments.

3) Incubating Local Traditions & Values

Traditional architecture is much more than physical form. It embodies a complex web of
communal meanings, values, beliefs, practices, and traditions that have been cherished by
many and passed on across generations. The intrinsic value encompassed by heritage
buildings becomes an authentic collective database of timeless ways of living that if lost
cannot be retrieved again. Therefore, recent best practices involve regenerating and
converting these historic districts into areas where local cultural practices can be incubated,
disseminated, and even developed. Examples of cultural activities and programs include arts,
crafts, food products and culinary culture, theatre and performance, music, and visual
arts...etc

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 MODULE 3

ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE MANANGEMENT

INTRODUCTION:

Sustainable agricultural production systems are crucial for meeting the food demand of the
ever-increasing human population. However, these systems generate large amount of wastes
which is a major environmental challenge when not properly managed. The difficulty and
cost-related constraints associated with achieving sustainable food production through
effective soil and crop management practices has led to a paradigm shift from inorganic
farming to organic farming, where agricultural wastes are incorporated into the production
systems. Organic farming applies natural principles for improved quality and quantity of
crop produce while maintaining and/or improving soil health.

This paper explores some ways in which agricultural wastes are used and their impacts on
soil properties and crop yield in organic farming systems.Organic wastes; Environmental
quality; Soil physical properties; Soil organic carbon; etc agricultural wastes contain
biodegradable hemicellulose and cellulose materials, which on decomposition improve soil
properties and supply nutrients to crops. Hence, they can be better managed by reusing and/
or recycling them. They may be used as a source of energy, bedding, manure, mulch,
compost, organic matter, or plant nutrients which are environmentally friendly practices, or
they can be marketable when properly treated A common practice is to recycle the nutrients
in the waste through land application which is an alternative means of supplying nutrients
to crops and maintaining soil fertility . Hence, their use as a source of plant nutrients for
growing vegetable crops could assume increasing importance as they are comparable to
chemical fertilizers in crop yield improvement In general, all of these practices have been
effectively coordinated under the umbrella of organic farming and have been reported as
effective means of managing agricultural wastes for improvement of agricultural land while
maintaining environmental quality.

USE OF ORGANIC FARMING :

his system makes the best use of crop residues, animal manure, green manure and off-farm
organic waste in order to maintain soil productivity, supply plants with necessary nutrients,
and control insects, weeds and other pests It is an agricultural waste management system in
which all necessary components are installed and managed to control and use by-products
of agricultural production in a manner that sustains or enhances the quality of air, water, soil,

17
plant, animal and energy resources . Organic farming, as a waste management system,
consists of six basic functions. Production is a function of the amount and nature of
agricultural waste generated by an agricultural enterprise It varies with type, volume, time
etc. The collection of these wastes involves capturing and gathering from point of deposition

FIG:3.1 COMPONENTS OF ORGANIC FARMING

THE COMPONENTS OF ORGANIC FARMING ARE

1.VERMICOMPOST

2.GREEN LEAF MANURE

3.CROP ROTATION

4.BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

5.ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

6.BIOFERTILIZERS

7.MANURES

Organic farming, agricultural system that uses ecologically based pest controls and
biological fertilizers derived largely from animal and plant wastes and nitrogen-fixing
cover crops. Modern organic farming was developed as a response to the environmental

18
harm caused by the use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers in conventional
agriculture, and it has numerous ecological benefits.

1.VERMICOMPOST

FIG:3.2 VERMICOMPOST

vermicompost. Vermitechnology is the use of surface and subsurface local varieties of

earthworms . Earthworms play a major role in breaking down waste materials to form
vermicompost. Vermicomposts are finely divided peat like materials with high water
holding capacity, perfect structure, porosity, and aeration. Vermicompost is an organic
fertilizer that is rich in nutrients, poor in readily biodegradable carbon, and relatively free
of any plant and human pathogens . It has greatly increased surface area, which provides
greater area for microbial activity to take place and strong adsorption and retention of
nutrients

The activity of organic farming through the use of vermicompost would be an

unpreventable practice for years to come for sustainable agriculture, since vermicompost
releases nutrients at a slow rate that allows for easy uptake by plants and improves the
moisture holding capacity of the soil that results in better quality of crops

2.GREEN LEAF MANURE

Green leaf manure means collecting of trees shurbs , twigs and hurbs collecting from
elsewhere is known as green leaf manuring. Forest tree leaves are the main sources for
green leaf manure. Plants growing in wastelands, field bunds etc., are another source of
green leaf manure. The important plant species useful for green leaf manure are neem,
mahua, wild indigo, Glyricidia, Karanji (Pongamia glabra) calotropis, avise(Sesbania
grandiflora), subabul and other shrubs.

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 FIG:3.3 GREEN LEAF MANURE

3. CROP ROTATION

FIG:3.4 CROP ROTATION

Crop rotation is the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of
land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed
pressure.

For example, say a farmer has planted a field of corn. When the corn harvest is
finished, he might plant beans, since corn consumes a lot of nitrogen and beans return
nitrogen to the soil.

A simple rotation might involve two or three crops, and complex rotations might
incorporate a dozen or more.

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 4.BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

FIG:3.5 BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests , such as

insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms.] It relies on
predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also
involves an active human management role. It can be an important component of
integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation),
where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control;
inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are
administered for quick pest control; and inoculative (conservation), in which
measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through regular reestablishment.
Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include
predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and competitors. Biological control agents of
plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biological control agents
of weeds include seed predators, herbivorous, and plant pathogens.
Biological control can have side-effects on biodiversity through attacks on
nontarget species by any of the above mechanisms, especially when a species is
introduced without a thorough understanding of the possible consequences.

5.BIO FERTILIZERS

“Biofertilizers are substances that contain microorganisms, which when added to

the soil increase its fertility and promotes plant growth.” Biofertilizers are
substance that contains microbes, which helps in promoting the growth of plants
and trees by increasing the supply of essential nutrients to the plants. It comprises
living organisms which include mycorrhizal fungi, blue-green algae, and bacteria.
Mycorrhizal fungi preferentially withdraw minerals from organic matter for the plant
whereas cyanobacteria are characterized by the property of nitrogen fixation.

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 FIG:3.6 BIO FERTILIZERS

Nitrogen fixation is defined as a process of converting di-nitrogen molecules into

ammonia. For instance, some bacteria convert nitrogen to ammonia. As a result,
nitrogen becomes available

WET WASTE MANAGEMENT

Wet waste is all the kitchen waste that we produce. This can include vegetable
peels, used tea, fruits, leftovers, etc. These are basically biodegradable
organic waste that can also be composted.

We can turn wet waste into compost in less than 30 days. Mix nitrogen-rich
kitchen waste with carbon-rich materials such as paper, dry leaves or cocopeat.
You could use a large bin or buy a composter..Smaller ones can be placed in a
balcony or window grill. Smartbin Air can be kept in the kitchen if space is
available. Most composters come with a composting agent, a powder which
usually contains cocopeat with good bacteria and enzymes that speed up the
breakdown of the wet waste. When compost is ready, it looks like soil and has
an earthy smell. If the compost smells bad, it means the nitrogen content is high;
simply add more agent or carbon-rich matter to balance it out.

If you don’t have space within your home to compost, your housing society or
neighbourhood can allocate space in open common areas for all residents to use.

22
 MODULE 4

WATER CONSERVATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION:
Water conservation is the practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water
usage. According to Fresh Water Watch, water conservation is important because fresh
clean water is a limited resource, as well as a costly one Water conservation
includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the
natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the
current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Population,
household size and growth and affluence all affect how much water is used.
Factors such as climate change have increased pressures on natural water
resources especially in and agricultural irrigation.[1] Many countries have already
implemented policies aimed at water conservation, with much success

FIG 4.1:WATER CONSERVATION

Methods to conserve water:

1.RAIN WATER HARVESTING:

Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is a very effective method of conserving natural water and
replenishing the groundwater level. In this method of conservation of water, the rain water
is collected and allowed to percolate into a deep pit or a reservoir, so that it seeps down
and improves the ground water table.

Farmers can contribute to the water management efforts using the drip irrigation method
where plants are watered with the help of narrow tubes. This water is delivered directly at
the base of the plant, thus conserving water.

23
 FIG:4.2 RAIN WATER
HARVESTING
Under a rainwater harvesting project, artificially designed systems are deployed for the
collection and storage of rainwater, as explained below:

Catchment for collecting and storing rainwater

A conveyance system for transporting the harvested rainwater to the recharge zone.
Flushing out the first spell of rain
Filtering the stored water to remove pollutants
Tanks and recharge structures for storing filtered water

Wastewater reuse

Wastewater can be a valuable resource in cities or towns where population is

growing and water supplies are limited. In addition to easing the strain on limited
freshwater supplies, the reuse of wastewater can improve the quality of streams
and lakes by reducing the effluent discharges that they receive. Wastewater may be
reclaimed and reused for crop and landscape irrigation, groundwater recharge, or
recreational purposes. Reclamation for drinking is technically possible, but this
reuse faces significant public resistance.

There are two types of wastewater reuse: direct and indirect. In direct reuse,
treated wastewater is piped into some type of water system without first being
diluted in a natural stream or lake or in groundwater. One example is the
irrigation of a golf course with effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment
plant. Indirect reuse involves the mixing of reclaimed wastewater with another
body of water before reuse. In effect, any community that uses a surface water

supply downstream from the treatment plant discharge pipe of another community
is indirectly reusing wastewater. Indirect reuse is also accomplished by
discharging reclaimed wastewater into a groundwater aquifer and later
withdrawing the water for use. Discharge into an aquifer (called artificial recharge)
is done by either deep-well injection or shallow surface spreading.

24
Quality and treatment requirements for reclaimed wastewater become more
stringent as the chances for direct human contact and ingestion increase. The
impurities that must be removed depend on the intended use of the water. For
example, removal of phosphates or nitrates is not necessary if the intended use is
landscape irrigation. If direct reuse as a potable supply is intended, tertiary
treatment with multiple barriers against contaminants is required. This may
include secondary treatment followed by granular media filtration, ultraviolet
radiation, granular activated carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis, air stripping,
ozonation, and chlorination.

The use of gray-water recycling systems in new commercial buildings offers a

method of saving water and reducing total sewage volumes. These systems filter
and chlorinate drainage from tubs and sinks and reuse the water for nonpotable
purposes (e.g., flushing toilets and urinals). Recycled water can be marked with a
blue dye to ensure that it is not used for potable purposes.

SEWAGE SLUDGE TREATEMENT

FIG 4.3:SEWAGE SLUDGE TRATEMENT

The residue that accumulates in sewage treatment plants is called sludge (or
biosolids). Sewage sludge is the solid, semisolid, or slurry residual material that is
produced as a by-product of wastewater treatment processes. This residue is
commonly classified as primary and secondary sludge. Primary sludge is generated
from chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and other primary processes, whereas
secondary sludge is the activated waste biomass resulting from biological
treatments. Some sewage plants also receive septage or septic tank solids from
household on-site wastewater treatment systems. Quite often the sludges are
combined together for further treatment and disposal.

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Treatment and disposal of sewage sludge are major factors in the design and
operation of all wastewater treatment plants. Two basic goals of treating sludge
before final disposal are to reduce its volume and to stabilize the organic materials.
Stabilized sludge does not have an offensive odour and can be handled without
causing a nuisance or health hazard. Smaller sludge volume reduces the costs of
pumping and storage.

DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

FIG4.4:DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Drip irrigation is the most water-efficient way to irrigate many different plantings. It
is an ideal way to water in clay soils because the water is applied slowly, allowing the
soil to absorb the water and avoid runoff. Drip devices use a fraction of the water that
overhead spray devices use. “Point source” drip systems are comprised of drip tubing
that is laid throughout a planting bed and feeds water directly to the base of the
plants at a rate the soil can absorb without losing water to misting, overspray, or
runoff.
There are many different types of drip equipment, including drippers, bubblers,
soakers (inline emitters), and micro-sprayers. Drip systems can be customized to
meet each plant’s needs. However, you should not mix different equipment in the
same zone or distribution line, if possible. In other words, you wouldn’t put inline
emitter pipe in the same zone with bubblers. Use separate zones for each type of
equipment.
The discharge rate of drip emitters varies from one-half gallon per hour to two
gallons per hour and depends on the plant and its size, as well as the soil type.
Microsprayers use much more water — up to 15 gallons per hour, but still much less
than above-ground sprinklers. Generally, you will need at least one emitter device for
every two-and-a-half feet of plant canopy.

Sprinkler Irrigation

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 FIG:4.4:SPRINKLER WATER IRRIGATION

Sprinkler Irrigation is a system or a device that delivers water for irrigation. It works in a
pressurized form similar to natural rainfall. This form of irrigation provides water
efficiently. In addition, this ensures improvement in crop yield. Devices used in this
irrigation include high-pressure sprinklers, sprays, or guns. They supply the plant with the
exact amount of water necessary for their optimum growth.

There are many ways to save the water because now a days ground water level is also
depleting so we should save water There are some ways to save the water are:

1.don’t wash clothes near the lake the detergents contains the chemicals which cause
water unclean

2.reuse the water

3.save the rain water

4.use less water for cleaning

5.dont leave the industrial waste to the rivers

6.use less water in gardening

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 MODULE 5
FOOD WALK

Dastarkhawan: A Muslim fine-dining experience

The word Dastarkhawan, whose origins trace to Central Asian and
Middle East, denotes the traditional eating area where Indian
Muslims have their food. It may in a broad sense include the
tablecloth on which the food is laid out on. A Dastarkhawan may be
spread on the table or the floor of a home or in an open area. The
food on a Dastarkhawan may range from something as simple as
tea with slices of bread to an elaborate cuisine running up to 10
courses. This can comprise of a welcome drink, starters, main
course and desserts.
Some of the delicacies on the Dastarkhawan can be relished in
traditional Muslim homes and not in restaurants.
Join us as we provide you a sneak preview into the traditional food
fit for a Sultan (King). We offer you Muslim cuisine from many parts
of India like Awadhi, Mughlai, Kutchi, Bengali, Hyderabadi,
Bengaluri, Bhatkali etc.
Category: Non-vegetarian.
Time: 7:00 pm onward, 2 hours’ duration.
Location: MM road & Mosque road in Fraser town.

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Lunch in VV Puram

Everyone knows Vishweshwara Puram for its famous Thindi Beedi

(thindi=breakfast, beedi=lane) as well as the VB Bakery. We make our
guests aware of trivia like the full name of “VB” Bakery as well as
educate them on some of the iconic places to have a nice lunch or a
snack, in this area. We introduce you to some of the best eating options
in this area which is a vegetarian’s heaven. After a hearty meal we
take you to the most iconic bakery in this part of town to sample its
delicacies. In between bites, we also give you some bytes about the
local culture & history.
Category: Pure vegetarian.
Time: 11:30 am onward, 3 hours’ duration.
Location: Vishweshwara Puram (VV Puram).

Rolls’ and ‘Rice’ walk

Join us at the best place in Bengaluru’s iconic Cantonment to grab

a succulent roll and the tastiest of biryanis.

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On this walk we exclusively sample some of the best rolls, in this
part of town at least. The chicken or mutton filling might be wrapped
in pita bread or rumali roti. You will relish the taste of these as we
go to 3 – 4 eateries.
In between bites of rolls and bytes of the local history, we get some
free ‘gyaan’ about the biryani, its origins, types and methods. And
yes, indeed you also get to taste 3 – 4 varieties of biryani like the
Bhatkali, Dakhni, Hyderabadi and Cutchi among others. To make
the deal sweeter for you, we also get you some sumptuous
desserts- khubani ka meetha, muzzaffar, khoya naan and halwa
puri.
Category: Non-vegetarian.
Time: 4:30 pm onward, 3 hours’ duration.
Location: Shivaji Nagar.

Evening Snacks at Chamrajapet

Not many know about the iconic eateries in the Chamarajapet and
Shankarpuram area of Bengaluru. In this walk we take guests to sample
the best chaats (Indian fast food) in this part of town as well as other
delicacies like idlis, vadas, dosas, etc. The walk starts from an iconic
eatery which is more of a hole-in-wall kind of outlet doling out probably
the best idlis and vadas in Bangalore. Post this we stop at a legendary

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eatery that offers chaats. We end the walk with the best dosas & rice
baat from another small eatery close-by.

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