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Syllabus-Phd Wret 2023
Syllabus-Phd Wret 2023
Topic 1
Objectives of Research, Main components of any research work, Identification of
research problem- selection of a problem, designing a plan of work.
Topic 2
Research Ethics-Intellectual Property Right, IPR laws, publication, impact factor.
Writing a research report; Plagiarism, Intellectual Property Issues.
Topic 3
Concept of mean, median, standard deviation, Statistical Techniques and Tools-
standard error, regression, T test, F test.
Topic 4
Structural and physicochemical properties of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamin.
General principle of enzyme catalysis, enzyme inhibitors, Michaelis- Menten
kinetics, Enzyme immobilization, DNA replication, transcription and translation.
Topic 5
Isolation, screening and maintenance of microorganism, microbial growth kinetics,
fermentation methods: Batch, fed-batch and continuous operations; chemostat
and turbidostat, media formulation and optimization; sterilization.Staining of
microorganism and microscopic observation of microorganism.
Topic 6
Industrial production of enzymes, alcohol, organic acids etc., Bacteriocin and its
application, Bioreactors: its types and application.Probiotics, prebiotics and
symbiotics. Biofertilizer and biopesticides.
Topic 7
Downstream processing of microbial products: principle of filtration,
centrifugation, sedimentation, flocculation. Cell disruption, Separation by liquid
liquid extraction, precipitation, chromatography, reverse osmosis, ultra and
microfiltration, drying.
SYLLABUS FOR PHD WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
Suggested Readings:
Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, C. R. Kothari, New Age
International Publishers.
Research Methodology, A step by step guide for beginners, Ranjit Kumar, Pearson
Education, 6th Edition 2009.
Introduction to Probability, Joseph K. Blitzstein, Jessica Hwang, CRC Press, 2nd
Edition.
Introduction to Linear Algebra, Gilbert Strang, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 5th
Edition.
Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists by Sheldon M. Ross,
Academic Press, 4th Edition.
Calculus. Gilbert Strang, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 2nd Edition.
Part 2: Subjects
50 marks
Computer Graphics: Line and Circle Drawing Algorithms, Clipping Algorithms, Color and
Shading Models, Transformation (Translation, Scaling, Rotation), Other Transformations
(Reflection, Shear, Affine)
Multimedia Technology: Image transformation, Text, Image and Video compression,
Audio Compression, Gamma correction, Image Processing Steps and Software, Image
color, Image texture, Image shape, Color management systems
Computer Network and Web Technology: OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference
model, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Client-Server Model of the
Internet, HTML Document Structure, HTML Elements and HTML Attributes, Structure of
JavaScript Program, Document Object Model, XML Elements and XML Attributes
SYLLABUS FOR PHD WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
iii. Research dissemination and impact metrics: Synopsis; Thesis; Types of Publication;
Patent; Technology transfer; Consultancy; Public Awareness; Dissemination into social
bodies.
i. Chemistry:
Atomic Structure and Periodicity – Planck’s quantum theory, wave particle duality,
uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom, electronic
configuration of atoms and ions. Periodic table and periodic properties: ionization energy,
electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic size.
Structure and Bonding – Ionic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approaches for
diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridization, resonance,
dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy,
hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii and lattice
energy (Born‐Haber cycle). HSABprinciple.
s, p & d Block Elements – Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals, B,
Al, Si, N, P, and S. General characteristics of 3d elements. Coordination complexes: valence
bond and crystal field theory, color, geometry, magnetic properties and isomerism.
Chemical Equilibria – Colligative properties of solutions, ionic equilibria in solution,
solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer and their
applications. Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp and Kx) for homogeneous reactions
SYLLABUS FOR PHD WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
ii. Pharmacology:
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, and Rules thereunder, Factory Act,
Shops and Establishment Act, Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights and Indian
Patent Act 1970, An Introduction to Standard Institutions and Regulatory Authorities such
as BIS, ASTM, ISO, TGA, USFDA, MHRA, ICH, WHO, Minimum Wages Act 1948, Prevention
of Food Adulteration Act 1954 and Rules, Industrial Development and Regulation act
1951, Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954 Medicinal and
Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act 1955, Rules 1976, Historical background Drug
legislation in India, Code of Ethics for Pharmacists, The Pharmacy Act 1948, Drugs and
Cosmetics Act 1940, Rules 1945, including New Drug applications, Consumer Protection
Act, Indian Pharmaceutical Industry- An Overview, Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act
SYLLABUS FOR PHD WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
1970 and Rules 1975, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960, Drug (Price Control)
Order.
iv. Pharmaceutics:
v. Pharmaceutical Analysis:
Drug information services, Drug interactions- Drug interaction in paediatric and geriatric
patients, drug treatment during pregnancy, lactation and menstruation; Therapeutic drug
monitoring, adverse drug reaction (ADR), types of ADR, Mechanism of ADR. Drug
interaction, Monitoring and reporting of ADR and its significance; Age-related drug
therapy: concept of posology, drug therapy for neonates, paediatrics and geriatrics. Drugs
used in pregnancy and lactation; Drug therapy in gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal,
cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders; Pharmacovigilance, Therapeutic drug
monitoring, Neutraceuticals, essential drugs and rational drug usage General Principles,
preparation, maintenance, analysis of observational records in Clinical Pharmacy; Drug
therapy in infections of respiratory system, urinary system, infective meningitis, TB, HIV,
malaria and filarial; Drug therapy for thyroid and parathyroid disorders, diabetes
mellitus, menstrual cycle disorders, menopause and male sexual dysfunction; Drug
therapy for malignant disorders like leukaemia, lymphoma and solid tumours; Drug
therapy for rheumatic, eye and skin disorders; Clinical trials, type and phases of clinical
trials, placebo, ethical and regulatory issues including Good clinical practice in clinical
trials; Drug therapy for neurological and psychological disorders.
viii. Pathophysiology:
ix. Biochemistry:
Organization of life; Importance of water; Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino
acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids; Protein structure, folding and
function: Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and
Chymotrypsin.
Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition, Vitamins and Coenzymes;
Metabolism and bioenergetics; Generation and utilization of ATP; Metabolic pathways and
their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative
phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism; Metabolism of
Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides.
Photosynthesis: Calvin cycle.
Biochemical separation techniques: ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity
chromatography, Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis, UV-visible and
fluorescence spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry.
Cell structure and organelles; Biological membranes; Transport across membranes; Signal
transduction; Hormones and neurotransmitters.
DNA replication, transcription and translation; Biochemical regulation of gene expression;
Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis and DNA-
microarray.
Immune system: Active and passive immunity; Complement system; Antibody structure,
function and diversity; Cells of the immune system: T, B and macrophages; T and B cell
activation; Major histocompatibilty complex; T cell receptor; Immunological techniques:
Immunodiffusion, immune electrophoresis, RIA and ELISA.
x. Microbiology:
Historical Perspective – Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to
the field of microbiology; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of
microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases.
Methods in Microbiology – Pure culture techniques; Theory and practice of sterilization;
Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of
microorganisms; Light-, phase contrast- and electronmicroscopy.
Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity – Bacteria, Archea and their broad classification;
Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and their classification;
Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy.
Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function – Prokaryotic Cells: cell walls, cell membranes
and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, Flagella and
Pili, Capsules, Cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; Bacterial locomotion,
including positive and negative chemotaxis.
Microbial Growth – Definition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of
exponential growth phase; Measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous
growth; Continuous culture; Effect of environmental factors on growth.
Control of Micro-organisms – Effect of physical and chemical agents; Evaluation of
effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.
Microbial Metabolism – Energetics: redox reactions and electron carriers; An overview of
metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentosephosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway;
Glyoxalate pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic
respiration; Chemolithotrophy; Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for
fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids;
Regulation of major metabolic pathways.
Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen – Interaction Normal microbiota; Classification of
infectious diseases; Reservoirs of infection; Nosocomial infection; Emerging infectious
diseases; Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; Nonspecific defense of host; Antigens
SYLLABUS FOR PHD WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
and antibodies; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Vaccines; Immune deficiency;
Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.
Chemotherapy/Antibiotics – General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics:
Classification, mode of action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs.
Microbial Genetics – Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants;
Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial genetic system: transformation, conjugation,
transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair; Regulation of gene
expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special
reference to E. coli; Phage λ and its life cycle; RNA phages; RNA viruses; Retroviruses;
Basic concept of microbial genomics.
Microbial Ecology – Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil
microorganisms associated with vascular plants.
SYLLABUS FOR PHD WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
Research
Methodology Basic
Concepts of research
Objective, motivation and types of research (fundamental, applied)
Definition of research problem and associated literature survey
Primary and secondary sources
Research Methodology
Research methodology and research methods
Basic principles of experimental design
Introduction to hypothesis
Sampling: Different types of sample design and steps in sampling
Measurement and Scaling Techniques
Measurement in research
Measurement scales
Sources of error in measurement
Tests of sound measurement
Technique of developing measurement tools
Scaling
Meaning of Scaling
Scale Classification Bases
Important Scaling Techniques
Scale Construction Techniques
Scientific Writing
Preparation of reports, research manuscripts and thesis
Citation of the sources
Editing and proof reading
Ethics and related issues in research
The question paper will have a total of 50 questions (25 questions from basic oceanography and
25 questions from basic research aptitude). Each question will have two marks. All the
questions will be of objective nature with three to four options.
The question paper (in MS Word) will be mailed to the respective candidates’ mail ID from the
Director, Oceanography’s official mail ID. They have to answer in the word file and convert it to
pdf and send back within one hour to the same mail ID.
SYLLABUS FOR WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/view_department.php?deptid=149
SYLLABUS FOR WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Objectives and Methodology, Types of Research, Defining and Formulating the
Research Problem, Social Benefit of the Research, Educational Benefit of Research, Problem
Selection, Necessity of Defining the Problem, Significance of Literature Review, Literature
Review-Primary And Secondary Sources, Critical Literature Review, Identifying Gap Areas From
Literature And Research Database, Working Hypothesis Development, Hypothesis, Different
Types, Significance, Development of Working Hypothesis.
Sample Survey, Inferences of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a
Sampling Procedure, Different Types of Sample Designs, How to Select a Random Sample?
Observation and Collection of Data, Accepts of Method Validation, Methods of Data Collection,
Data Processing and Analysis, Strategies and Tools, Data Analysis with Statically Package (Sigma
STAT, SPSS for student t-test, ANOVA, etc.), Hypothesis Testing.
Word Processing, Spread Sheet and Database Software. Plotting of Graphs, Internet and Its
Applications, Web Browsing, Acquiring Technical Skills, Drawing Inferences from Data,
Introduction of Statistics – Probability Theories, Estimates of Means and Proportions, Chi-
Square Test, Association of Attributes, Use of Statistical Software SPSS.
Ethical Issues, Ethical Committees, Commercialization, Copy Rights, Intellectual Property Rights
and Patent Law, Preparing Research Papers for Journals and Conferences, Design of Paper using
Templates, Calculations of Impact Factor, Citation Index, Reproduction of Published Material,
Plagiarism, Citation and Acknowledgement, Reproducibility and Accountability.
SUBJECT DOMAIN
Stress and Strain, Elastic Constants, Poisson's Ratio, Shear Force and Bending Moment
Diagrams, Deflection of Beams, Torsion of Circular Shafts, Euler’s Theory of Columns, Energy
SYLLABUS FOR WRITTEN ENTRANCE TEST
Methods, Theory of Failures, Kinematics and Dynamics of Particles, Rigid Bodies in Plane
Motion, Impulse and Momentum, Center of Gravity, Moment of Inertia, Friction, Energy
Formulations, Virtual Work.
Design of Machine Elements, Design of Shafts, Gears, Brakes and Springs, Kinematic and
Dynamic Analysis of Linkages, Balancing of Reciprocating and Rotating Masses, Fly Wheel, Free
Vibration and Forced Vibration of Single Degree of Freedom Systems, Effect of Damping, Critical
Speeds of Shafts.
Properties of Gas and Pure Substance, First Law of Thermodynamics, Closed and Open System,
Application of Steady State Flow Process, Second Law of Thermodynamics; Carnot Cycle, Otto
Cycle, Diesel Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Brayton Cycle, Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle,
Modes of Heat Transfer, General Heat Conduction Equation, Steady and Unsteady Heat
Conduction, Natural and Forced Convection, Laws of Radiation, Heat Exchanger Performance.
Design of Patterns, Allowances, Origin of Defects, Plastic Deformation and Yield Criteria,
Fundamentals of Hot and Cold Working Processes, Load Estimation for Bulk and Sheet, Volume,
Stress and Strain in Metals, Molding of Composites. Tool Wear and Tool Life, Calculation of
Machining Time, Lathe, Drilling and Milling Operations, Basic Concepts of CAD/CAM, Product
Design and Development, Work System Design, Facility Design, Production Planning and
Control, Inventory Control, Operations Management, Engineering Economy and Costing, Human
Factor in Quality.