CONJUNCTIONS & LINKERS

Addition
- and, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition to, besides, as well as

Contrast
- but, although, whereas, while, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite

Contrast & comparison

- on the one hand… on the other hand…, by contrast, on the contrary, conversely

Alternatives
- or, alternatively, otherwise, instead

Organisation & narrative linkers

- first/ly, at first, second/ly, next, finally, at last, last but not least

Reason & purpose

- because, because of, since, as, so that, as a result of, owing to, due to

Result
- so

Results & conclusions

- thus, therefore, hence, consequently

Exemplification & summation

- for example, for instance, all in all, in short

Time
- while, as, until, before, during, meanwhile

Condition
- if, provided (that), in case, if not, unless

Rephrasing & correcting

- in other words, or rather, at least

Clarification
- namely, i.e., for example, such as, including, especially

Main point linkers

- anyway, in any case, the thing is

Extra point linkers

- by the way, incidentally

Reality
- (but) in fact, (and) indeed, actually, as a matter of fact

Selected from Practise your Conjunctions and Linkers by Donald Adamson, Longman 1995