GROUP 4

CELLULAR
RESPIRATION:
AEROBIC AND
ANAEROBIC
General Biology 1

Presented by:

Elmira Egaloy
Abigael Jade Baluyot
Ashlef Mark Andrie Joaquin
Introduction
Cellular respiration is a vital biological process
that occurs in all living organisms, including
plants and animals. It is the process by which
cells convert energy stored in organic
compounds into adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
which is the primary energy currency used by
cells.
Every life process needs ENERGY.
Respiration is the process our bodies use to produce this energy.
The glucose we need comes from food and the oxygen from
breathing.
The MAIN product of this equation is energy. This energy is used to
synthesize a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which
transfers energy from chemical bonds to cells in the body.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration refers to the metabolic
reactions that take place within the cells to
break down organic molecules (mostly glucose)
and release energy in the form of ATP. This
energy is utilized by the cell for various activities
such as growth, movement, and synthesis of
molecules necessary for survival.
 Three (3) Main Steps of Cellular
Respiration
Glycolysis
is an ancient metabolic pathway
that splits glucose into two
pyruvates, a type of sugar.
Oxidative
Citric acid cycle phosphorylation
is a process where electron
is a process that captures energy
transport from energy precursors
stored in acetyl CoA chemical
in the citric acid cycle leads to the
bonds, converting it into high-
phosphorylation of ADP, producing
energy intermediate molecules.
ATP in mitochondria.
 Aerobic
Respiration
The most efficient form of cellular
respiration and occurs when oxygen
is present.
Four distinct stages of Aerobic Respiration

Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation

This occurs in the cytoplasm and
involves the breakdown of one molecule
of glucose into two molecules of
pyruvate, generating a small amount of
ATP and NADH (nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide).
In aerobic conditions, pyruvate is
transported into the mitochondria,
where it is oxidized and transformed
into acetyl CoA. This process
generates additional NADH.
Four distinct stages of Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle (Citric
Acid Cycle):
This cycle occurs in the mitochondria. The
process involves carbon atom
rearrangements and electron shuttles,
which transport high energy electrons to
their final destination, generating ATP.
Oxidative
Phosphorylation (Electron
Transport Chain):
The NADH and FADH2 molecules
generated in previous stages donate
their electrons to the electron transport
chain located in the inner mitochondrial
membrane.
Four distinct stages of Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle (Citric Oxidative
Acid Cycle): Phosphorylation (Electron
Transport Chain):
 Anaerobic
Respiration
occurs in the absence of oxygen
and is less efficient than aerobic
respiration. It serves as an
alternative means for cells to
produce energy.
Anaerobic Respiration
Unlike aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration is when energy is
provided without needing oxygen.

When does this happen?

This happens when the body can't provide oxygen quick enough for
aerobic respiration to take place.

What does it do?

Anaerobic respiration produces energy much quicker than aerobic
respiration but only produces 1/20 as much.
Lactic acid is also produced, and this can build up in muscles causing
fatigue and an oxygen debt. This "debt" then needs to be "repaid" by
deep breathing to oxidize the lactic acid.
Two main types of anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation
This process occurs in yeast and some
bacteria. Pyruvate from glycolysis is
converted into ethanol, releasing carbon
dioxide as a byproduct. This
fermentation pathway regenerates
NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in
the absence of oxygen.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Muscle cells utilize lactic acid fermentation
when oxygen supply is inadequate.
Pyruvate is directly converted into lactate,
regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis to
continue. Accumulation of lactic acid leads
to muscle fatigue during intense physical
activity.
Two main types of anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
 Conclusions
Conclusion 1
Cellular respiration is a fundamental
metabolic process that enables
organisms to generate ATP, the energy
source required for various cellular
activities. Aerobic respiration, occurring in
the presence of oxygen, is the most
efficient way to produce ATP.
Conclusion 2
On the other hand, anaerobic
respiration functions as an alternative
method when oxygen is limited.
Understanding these processes helps
us appreciate the remarkable
adaptability and survival strategies
employed by living organisms
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