Faculty of Engineering

Fayoum University

BUILDING PROCESS
Construction & Building systems
Spring Semester 2017

Dr. Mohamed Meselhy

Fayoum University , Faculty Of Engineering , Architecture Department.
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1- Choice of Building site:

2- Soil Investigation

3- Site work:
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Site work:
- Establishing a point of known level on the site, this
point will be a datum for all construction work.
- We will call it Ordnance Bench Mark (OBM), this
point should be fixed and permanent point.
- Referring to OBM an instrument called Total
Station can be used to find levels and building
borders by finding coordinates.
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1- Excavation & Leveling (soil investigation- Gasat)

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Excavation
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Excavation (must be inclined to prevent the sand from sliding

down the construction area )
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Excavation (special considerations for areas with

underground water)
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Ground Water level (must be sucked up mechanically

to lower the GWL under the foundation level)
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2-Foundations
Foundation types:
The foundation types can be defined according to:
1- Type of the building.
2- Nature of loading and forces.
3- Site condition (soil investigation).
And can be classified to:
• Shallow foundation.
• Deep foundation.
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Shallow foundation:
•Would be constructed near the
ground level (mostly foundation level
of -1 m to -1.5m ) where the load Isolated

bearing capacity of near soil layer is

acceptable.
1- Isolated footing.
2- Continuous - strip footing.
3- Raft footing.

‫لبشة‬
Raft Continuous - strip
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Isolated- Pad foundations Strip foundations

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Deep foundation:
Used to reach the solid level for foundation.

a- Piles (timber- steel – R.C – precast –end bearing - friction ).

b- Wells or Short-bored piles (or so called Alexandrian
wells).
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a- Pile foundations
•Pile foundations are the part of a structure used to carry
and transfer the load of the structure to the bearing
ground located at some depth below ground surface.
•The main components of the foundation are the pile cap
and the piles.
•Piles are long members which transfer the load to
deeper soil or rock of high bearing capacity avoiding
shallow soil of low bearing capacity.
•The main types of materials used for piles are Wood,
steel and concrete.
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Pile foundation:
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Friction
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Settlement reducing piles

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b-Wells or Short-bored piles (or so called Alexandrian
wells):

•They consist of a series of short concret piles cast in holes bored

in the ground and spanned (typically 2.5m) with light ground
beams (usually RC) FOR LOAD bearing walls.
•Advantages:

•Speed of construction and Reduced quantities of waste soil.

•The construction of this foundation provides an Economical

Solution for building on shrinkable clay
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Design steps

1- Excavation & Leveling (soil investigation- Gasat)

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2- Prepare Concrete –a- In site

(sand, gravel, cements and water)
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Concrete (sand, gravel, cements and water)

In site
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Concrete (sand, gravel, cements and water)

In site
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Prepare Concrete
b- by Pumps
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Prepare Concrete
b- by Pumps
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3- Foundation (Isolated footings)

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Footing (Raft foundation)

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Footing (Raft foundation)

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Footing (Curved Raft foundation)

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Footing (Piles)
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Foundation (semels)
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4- Isolation from under ground water

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Isolation (footings)
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Isolation (column)
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5- Column - skeleton
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Skeleton.
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Skeleton.
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Skeleton (slab).
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Skeleton (shear wall).

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Roof Finishing (ducts and utilities).

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Assignment # 1 &2:
Description:
Build a model for a given chalet scale 1:10
Materials:
Wooden box 70x50x30cm … filled with sand (10cm height)
Sand + Cement + Water
Plastic cover (minimum width 90cm and 2 m long) 25cmSand

Container (for mixing concrete components)

Cleaning towels
Gloves
Metal Ruler 30cm

Rigid plate (for soil compaction)

Carton + Cutter (for concrete framings)
Bricks (free to choose the material) 50cm
70cm

Electric wires
Pipes
Digital Camera (to document construction stages)
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Organization: 25cm
Group work: 5-7 students Sand

Work place: each group will work on a row of

benches
Storing: at the last row of benches in the lecture hall
30cm
Cleanliness: Keep workplace clean and after the lab
get rid of the plastic covers and all wasting materials.
(Cleanliness will be taken in consideration while
70cm
grading) 50cm

Due date:
Phase one: (Foundation and Skeleton) … Next week-
3h lab
Phase two: (Columns, Walls and Roofing) …
Phase three: (Finishing + report) …
Photo documentation:
After finishing all phases each group will submit a
CD with all photos of their model construction
phases. Each phase will be in a separate folder.
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25c
Draw chalet scale 1:10 m
San
d

4 meter 30c
m

50c 70c
m m

30 cm

6 meter

80 cm
Plan
Foundation
HANK YOU