Mr.

Sedeek Abdellateef
01003660659
Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (1) The English house
 Unit 7 Necessity and Obligation‫االضطرار\االلزام‬
Necessity Lack of Necessity Question
‫ر‬
‫الضورة و االلزام‬ ‫عدم ر‬
‫الضورة و االلزام‬
‫ الفاعل‬+ must + ‫مصدر‬ XXXXXXXXX must +‫الفاعل‬+‫?مصدر‬
I / ‫ جمع‬+ have to +‫مصدر‬ I /‫ جمع‬+don't have to+‫مصدر‬ do+‫الفاعل‬+have to+ ‫?مصدر‬
‫ المفرد‬+ has to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ المفرد‬+doesn't have to+‫مصدر‬ does+‫الفاعل‬+have to+ ‫?مصدر‬
‫المضارع‬

‫ الفاعل‬+ need to + ‫مصدر‬ I /‫ جمع‬+don't need to+‫مصدر‬ do+‫الفاعل‬+need to+ ‫?مصدر‬

‫ الفاعل‬+ needs to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ المفرد‬+doesn't need to+‫مصدر‬ does+‫الفاعل‬+need to+ ‫?مصدر‬
‫الفاعل‬+ needn't +‫مصدر‬ need+‫الفاعل‬+‫?مصدر‬
I / ‫ جمع‬+ have got to +‫مصدر‬ XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
‫ المفرد‬+ has got to + ‫مصدر‬ XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
‫الفاعل‬+had to +‫مصدر‬ ‫الفاعل‬+ didn't have to+ ‫مصدر‬ did+‫الفاعل‬+have to+ ‫?مصدر‬
‫الماض‬

‫ الفاعل‬+ needed to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫الفاعل‬+ needn't have + P.P

‫ر‬

‫الفاعل‬+ didn't need to+ ‫مصدر‬ did+‫الفاعل‬+need to+ ‫?مصدر‬

‫الفاعل‬+ will have to +‫مصدر‬ ‫الفاعل‬+ won't have to+‫مصدر‬ Will +‫الفاعل‬+have to+ ‫?مصدر‬
‫المستقبل‬

‫الفاعل‬+ will need to +‫مصدر‬ ‫الفاعل‬+ won't need to+‫مصدر‬ Will +‫الفاعل‬+ need to+ ‫?مصدر‬

Prohibition ‫وغب مسموح به‬ ‫تعب عن ئ‬

‫ش ممنوع ومحرم وضد القانون ر‬ ‫ر‬
Prohibition =You mustn't + ‫= مصدر‬ ‫ الفاعل‬can't + ‫= مصدر‬You must never + ‫مصدر‬

not allowed to+ ‫مصدر‬  It isn’t allowed to enter here.

forbidden to+‫مصدر‬  You mustn't enter here.

banned to +‫مصدر‬  There's a 'No Parking' sign here.

against the law(rules) to+‫مصدر‬  You mustn't park your car here.

Don't+‫مصدر‬  It's banned to smoke in hospirtals.

prohibited to +‫ مصدر‬/ illegal  You mustn't smoke in hospitals.
• ‫ الفاعل‬+ must + ‫مصدر‬  I must study hard before my exam.
to express  You must stop smoking!
 strong feelings or wishes, laws and rules  They must come and have lunch with us.
 strong advice, warm invitations We must buy a present for Ali’s birthday.
 a strong reminder to ourselves  Hard work is a must for developing our country.
 to say that something is important.  a must ( noun)(‫)ضورة‬ ‫ = ر‬a necessity = necessary
Have to‫رضورة خارجيه‬  You have to show your passport when you
• when you don’t have a choice whether to do leave the country.
something or not

• ‫الفاعل‬+ didn't have to+ ‫مصدر‬ • ‫الفاعل‬+ needn't have + P.P

 I didn’t have to buy more bread. We  I needn’t have bought more bread. We already
already have a lot. (I didn’t buy bread have a lot. (I bought bread, but it was not
because we have some.) necessary because we have some.)
 ‫لم يكن رضوري فلم افعل‬ ‫ر‬
 ‫لكن فعلت‬ ‫ر‬
‫لم يكن ضوريا و ي‬
• ‫فاعل‬+ (am/is/are) to + ‫رضوره = مصدر‬

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (2) The English house

 Advice
 You should /shouldn’t ‫مصدر‬ In summer, tourists should wear a hat
 You ought to/not to ‫مصدر‬ and ought not to sit in the sun.
 If I were you ,I would/wouldn’t ‫مصدر‬ Tourists should wear sun screen
when it is very hot.
 You'd better /not ‫مصدر‬
You shouldn’t make noise in the class.
 It's better to /not to ‫مصدر‬
 You'd rather /not ‫مصدر‬
 I advise you to/not to ‫مصدر‬
 It's( a good / bad )thing to ‫مصدر‬
 It' advisable / inadvisable to ‫مصدر‬

Blame for or Regret about an action in the past: ‫الندم و اللوم على فعل في الماضي‬

‫الفاعل‬+ should have +P.P ‫كان من المفترض عمل هذا الفعل في الماضي لكن الفاعل لم يفعله‬
‫الفاعل‬+ ought to have +P.P *I'm sorry ! I should( ought to) have come to the interview on time.

‫الفاعل‬+ shouldn't have +P.P ‫كان من المفترض على الفاعل اال يفعل هذا الفعل لكنه عمله‬
‫الفاعل‬+ oughtn't to have +P.P *You shouldn't (oughtn't to ) have been late for your lesson. The
teacher will be angry
Passive ‫ فاعل غير حقيقي‬+ should(ought to) have been +P.P
‫ فاعل غير حقيقي‬+ shouldn't(oughtn't to) have been +P.P

Unit 8 The Conditional Sentence (If) :

If Present Simple ‫مضارع بسيط‬ Present Simple ‫مضارع بسيط‬
‫للتعبب عن أحداث واقعية أو حقائق علمية أو عادات أو أفعال مؤكد حدوثها‬ ‫تستخدم الحالة الصفرية‬
Zero‫الصفريه‬

‫ر‬
If we heat a bar of metal, it expands./ If water is frozen, it turns into ice.
If I feel tired, I go to bed. / If plants aren't watered, they fade.
If I 'm late for work, I take a taxi.
‫ر‬
If I am tired,I usually go to bed.( always /usually /often) ‫نستخدم الحاله الصفريه ف حالة وجود‬

‫فاعل‬+ will+ ‫مصدر‬

If + I / ‫فاعل جمع‬+ ‫ مصدر‬, ‫ فاعل‬can / may/ must/ should + ‫مصدر‬
‫مصدر‬ ‫األمر‬
1st ‫االوىل‬

If + ‫فاعل مفرد‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ S ,

don't +‫مصدر‬
. ‫تعب عن عمل توقعات ووعود رف المستقبل‬
‫ ر‬/ ‫للتعبب عن حدث مستقبىل محتمل‬
‫ر‬ ‫تستخدم الحالة األوىل‬
If I find his phone number, I’ll ring you. / If you meet Hind, tell her to phone me.
If you get the full mark, I'll buy you a mobile phone.

If + ‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫فاعل‬+ (would / could / might) + ‫مصدر‬
‫الثانيه‬

‫ى‬
2nd

. ‫غب محتمل حدوثه‬ ‫ئ‬

‫تعب عن ش ر‬‫ ر‬/‫ النصيحة‬/ ‫غب حقيق‬ ‫للتعبب عن موقف خياىل أو ر‬
‫ر‬ ‫تستخدم الحالة الثانية‬
If I had a lot of money, I’d buy a new car.If I were you, I’d give up smoking

If +‫فاعل‬+ had + P.P ‫فاعل‬+(would / could / might) + have + P.P

3rd‫ا لثالثه‬

‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ى‬/ ‫الماض‬

‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫الماض‬ ‫افباضات كانت ف‬ ‫ ندم عىل فعل ف‬/. ‫الماض‬ ‫تعب عن مواقف مستحيلة ألنها لم تحدث ف‬
‫ر‬
If he had run quickly, he’d have won the race.
If he had played well, he wouldn’t have lost the match

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (3) The English house

 Omitting if If
If ‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬
‫الصفريه‬
Zero

When ‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬

If / When you heat water, it boils. If / When I read in bed, I fall asleep. It’s a habit.

If + I / ‫فاعل جمع‬+ ‫مصدر‬

If + ‫فاعل مفرد‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ S ‫فاعل‬+ will+ ‫مصدر‬
1st ‫االوىل‬

Should +‫ أي فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬ ‫فاعل‬+ will+ ‫مصدر‬

If she studies hard, she will get high marks.
 Should she study hard, she will get high marks.

If+ ‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫مصدر‬+ (would / could / might) + ‫فاعل‬
‫الثانيه‬2nd

Should +‫ فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬

Were + ‫فاعل‬+ ‫) للوصف( تكمله‬ ‫فاعل‬+ (would / could / might) + ‫مصدر‬
Had + ‫فاعل‬+ ‫) للملكيه( تكمله‬
Were + ‫ فاعل‬+ to +‫مصدر‬
If it weren't for +‫اسم‬
 If she were a doctor, she would help us. /Were she a doctor, she would help us.
 If he trained well, he would win the cup./ Were he to train well, he would win the cup.
If he had enough money, he would buy a car. / Had he enough money, he would buy a car
If +‫فاعل‬+ had + P.P
Had+‫فاعل‬+ had + P.P ‫فاعل‬+(would / could / might) + have + P.P
3rd‫ا لثالثه‬

If it hadn't been for +‫اسم‬

If he had played the match well, he would have won the cup.
 Had he played the match well, he would have won the cup.

if
Unless ‫اذا لم‬ ‫ جملة‬ We can’t enter the building if we don’t wear a helmet..
= if not  We can’t enter the building unless we wear . a helmet.
 We can’t enter the building without wearing a helmet.
as long as ‫طالما‬ ‫ جملة‬ You can borrow my pen if you give it back.
provided that ‫بشط‬ ‫ جملة‬ You can borrow my pen provided that you give it back.
on condition that ‫بشط‬ ‫ جملة‬ You can borrow my pen on condition that you give it back.
 You can borrow my pen as long as you give it back.
‫ر‬
In case ‫ف حالة‬ ‫جملة‬  I'll make you some sandwiches in case we get hungry
Suppose ‫افرض‬ ‫جملة‬  Supposing(that) you found a job in Cairo, what would you do?
Supposing / Imagine ‫تخيل‬ ‫جملة‬  Imagine (that) you found a job in Cairo, what would you do?

But for‫لوال‬ ‫ اسم‬/ ‫فعل‬+ing  But for playing well, El-Ahly wouldn’t have won the cup.
‫ر‬
In case of ‫ف حالة‬ ‫ اسم‬/ ‫فعل‬+ing  In case of emergency, call 122.
in (the) case of  In case of studying hard, he would join the faculty of medicine.
 If they didn’t have a ticket, they wouldn’t have been able to watch
the match.
Without ‫بدون‬ ‫ اسم‬/ ‫فعل‬+ing  Unless they had a ticket, they wouldn’t have been able to watch
the match.
 Without having a ticket, they wouldn’t have been able to watch
the match.

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (4) The English house

Sentences with wish
• We use wish or wished + past perfect to talk about past regrets:
I wish ‫ فاعل‬+ had +P.P ‫الفعل مل حيدث‬ 

If only ‫فاعل‬+ hadn't +P.P ‫الفعل حدث‬
2024 Yesterday-ago -last 
She wishes she hadn’t got up late yesterday. (She got up late yesterday.She regrets this now.)
He regretted not revising for the test. He wished he had revised.

• We use wish + past simple to talk about present regrets:

I wish ‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ed / ‫ماضي شاذ‬ 
‫مفرد‬/ ‫ مجع‬+were now /today 
If only
‫ فاعل‬+ didn't +‫مصدر‬
I wish I spoke French. (I do not speak French. I regret this now.)
I’m not very tall. I wish I was / were tall enough to play basketball.

• We use wish + would / could + infinitive to express future wishes, usually when you
feel sad or angry.
I wish I / We + Could + ‫مصدر‬ 
‫ أي فاعل أخر‬would + ‫مصدر‬ tomorrow/ next / in the future 
If only
I wish global warming would stop.
I wish I could find time to read more

 I wish they could speak French ‫ تعرب هنا عن عدم القدرة‬Could 

 I wish they would speak French ‫ تعرب هنا عن عدم الرغبة‬Would 

 ‫فاعل‬+ wish +to +‫مصدر‬  I wish to buy a new mobile.

‫ بدال من املاضي التام للتعبري عن الندم عن موقف يف املاضي‬could have + p.p ‫ تستخدم‬
 I wish I could have attended your party, but I was abroad.

‫ فاعل‬+ regret + to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ فاعل‬+regret + +‫ فعل‬ing

 ‫الفاعل أيسف انه هيعمل الفعل‬  ‫الفاعل ندمان على فعل مت و انتهى يف املاضي‬
 I regret to tell you that amr is ill.  I regret selling my car

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (5) The English house

 Unit 8 Passive ‫المبني للمجهول‬
Tense ACTIVE PASSIVE KEY WORDS
Always / usually /
often / sometimes /
Present
simple

‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫مصدر (فاعل‬/‫مصدر‬+ S )‫مفعول‬ ‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫غب‬
‫ (فاعل ر‬am/is/are ) P.P rarely / never /Every
day/in the morning/at
noon/ facts habit
‫ى‬ ‫ر‬
Past ‫مصدر (فاعل حقيق‬+ ed / ‫)ماض شاذ‬ ‫مفعول‬ ‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫غب‬
‫ ( فاعل ر‬was /were ) P.P Yesterday / last /ago /in
simple the past / in ‫سنه قبل‬
2024
‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫غب‬
am ‫( فاعل ر‬is /am/are /being ) P.P Now /still /at present
continuous

‫ى‬
Present

‫ فاعل حقيق‬is ‫فعل‬+ ing +‫مفعول‬ /at this moment / look

are /listen

While /as / just as/

continuous

‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫فاعل‬was were+ ‫فعل‬+ ing +‫مفعول‬ ‫ى‬ when ‫حدث كان مستمرا و‬
Past

‫حقيق‬ ‫غب‬
‫ (فاعل ر‬was / were being ) P.P
‫قطعه حدث آخر‬

Present recently /lately

perfect ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ /yet/just /already
‫حقيق‬ ‫ (فاعل‬has /have +P.P) ‫حقيق مفعول‬ ‫ (فاعل ر‬has/have + been )P.P
‫غب‬
/ever /never / since/
For / so far
Past After /when/as soon
perfect as/Till/until /No
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ sooner Before /by the
‫حقيق‬ ‫ (فاعل‬had +P P ) ‫مفعول‬ ‫حقيق‬ ‫غب‬
‫ (فاعل ر‬had + been )P.P
time/Hardly/Scarcely
‫ر ر‬
‫ حدث‬/ ‫حدثي‬ ‫عند ترتيب‬
‫ر‬
‫اول و حدث ثان‬
Future Tomorrow /next / in
simple ‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫ (فاعل‬will + ‫مفعول ) مصدر‬ ‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫غب‬
‫ (فاعل ر‬will be ) P.P the future / tonight/
soon
Modal can/could/shall/should
verbs ‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫ى‬
‫فعل ناقص (فاعل‬+ ‫حقيق مفعول )مصدر‬ ‫غب‬
‫ فعل ناقص ( فاعل ر‬be ) P.P /may/might
/will/would/ must
Future - In (‫ )مده زمنيه‬time
‫ر‬
perfect - By ‫وقت محدد ف‬
‫ى‬
‫حقيق‬ ‫ى‬
‫(فاعل‬will have + P.P ) ‫حقيق مفعول‬ ‫غب‬
‫ (فاعل ر‬will have been ) P.P ‫المستقبل‬
- Before (four o'clock /
tomorrow morning /

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (6) The English house

 be
am/is/are going to – was/were going to - be to – would rather- be about to -
+ ‫مصدر‬ ‫معلوم‬
have to-has to - will have to - had to- had better- be supposed to –hope to-
+ be + P.P ‫مجهول‬
needn’t - seem to - appear to- need to-expect to-ought to- used to

say - think - believe -consider - know – claim-announce – report– allege-expect -

understand- deny – suppose
It be + pp that ‫فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬
 People expect that he will win the Nobel Prize. *It is expected that he will win the Nobel Prize.
‫أي فاعل آخر‬+ be + pp + to + ‫مصـدر‬ ‫لو الجمله مضارع او مستقبل‬
‫أي فاعل آخر‬+ be + pp + to be +P.P ‫لو الجمله مضارع او مستقبل‬
‫أي فاعل آخر‬+ be + pp + to + have +P.P ‫لو الجمله في الماضي‬
‫أي فاعل آخر‬+ be + pp + to + have been P.P ‫لو الجمله في الماضي‬
 People expect that he will win the Nobel Prize. *He is expected to win the Nobel Prize.
 They said that he killed his wife. * He is said to have killed his wife.
to to
. make - see - hear - do –watch –help ‫مثــل‬
Active : He made us leave. Passive : We were made to leave.
Active :I saw him leave the building. Passive : He was seen to leave the building
ing ing see –watch-hear
Active :I saw him leaving the building. Passive : He was seen leaving the building.
be get
Got ( burnt- married-lost –used-caught -arrested)
*They got married last week. *The bank robbers got caught yesterday.
allow let
Active : Dad let me go out Passive : I was allowed to go out.
(to+ )
agree threaten manage mean Enable encourage
arrange want deserve wish dare afford + to ‫مصدر‬ ‫معلوم‬
decide learn demand would promise seem
like
+ to be + P.P
expect offer refuse hope plan intend ‫جمهول‬
*I want to have lunch. * I want to be met at the airport
( ing )
enjoy postpone miss avoid deny Go + ‫فعل‬+ ing ‫معلوم‬
come Involve give up fancy put off delay
mind recommend prevent Keep admit Risk + being + P.P ‫جمهول‬
finish can’t stand practise imagine suggest
*I don’t like people laughing at me. * I don’t like being laughed at.

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (7) The English house

 P.P be who /which
*The meat which was eaten yesterday was delicious.
*The meat which was eaten yesterday was delicious.
*The meat eaten yesterday was delicious.

Unit 9 The past simple ‫الماضي البسيط‬

Yesterday - ago - last - once =once upon a time - one day- in the past-
in ancient times –The other day – how long ago=when
- ََ ‫منذ أايم قليلة‬in old days- in 1995 - from.2003...to 2008.

‫االثبات‬ ‫ر‬
‫النق‬ ‫السؤال‬
‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ مصدر‬ed ‫فاعل‬+ didn’t + ‫مصدر‬ Did + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫?مصدر‬
‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل شاذ‬ ‫فاعل‬+ didn’t + ‫مصدر‬
‫اداة استفهام‬+did +‫فاعل‬+ ‫?مصدر‬

‫مفرد‬+was ‫مفرد‬+wasn’t Was + ‫فاعل مفرد‬ ?

‫جمع‬+were ‫جمع‬+weren’t Were+ ‫فاعل جمع‬ ?
‫ اداة استفهام‬was/were +‫فاعل‬+ ‫?مصدر‬
‫ االستخدام‬Usage
:‫للتعبب عن‬ ‫ر‬
‫الماض البسيط‬ ‫نستخدم‬
‫ر‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ حدث بدأ وانتىه ف الماض‬.1
E.g. I played football yesterday. I was in Alexandria a month ago.
ً
‫" ى‬used to" ‫(غالبا مع كلمة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
.)"‫والت معناها " اعتاد أن‬ ‫الماض‬ ‫ عادة ف‬.2
E.g. When I was in Paris, I used to play(played) tennis.
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
(Always- often- never.....(‫الماض‬ ‫يمكن ان يستخدم مع كلمات المضارع البسيط ليدل عىل عادة ف‬
E.g .He always walked to school, when he was a child..
.‫ حكاية قصة‬.3
E.g.to tao oc lo tht ot tott h heh htn taot ao doutn ic .
‫ر‬
‫الماض ليس هناك فارق ر‬
.‫زمت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫االحداث ى‬-4
‫الت حدثت تباعا واحد تلو االخر ف‬
E.g.When he had an idea, he wrote a short story.
‫للتعبير عن العادة الماضية نستخدم احدى هذة التركيبات‬
1- ‫ فاعل‬+ used to + inf = 2- It was SB’s habit to + inf
3- ‫ فاعل‬+ (was / were) + in the habit of + (v + ing) = 4- ‫فاعل‬+ got into the habit of + (v + ing)
5- ‫ فاعل‬+ no longer + ‫ فاعل = مضارع بسيط‬+don't/doesn't +‫…… فعل‬.any longer/more
 Amr used to study hard. =  Amr was in the habit of studying hard.
 Studying hard was Amr’s habit.
 It was Amr’s habit to study hard # Amr got into the habit of studying hard
 Amr no longer studies hard=He doesn't study hard any longer
I wish I had a car. ‫) تعبر عن تمني في المضارع‬I wish( ‫جملة الماضي البسيط بعد‬
I would rather you used your own mobile. ‫) تعبر عن عدم رضا‬I would rather( ‫الماضي البسيط بعد‬
‫ )تعبر عن تذكير أو لوم‬It is (about/almost/time( ‫جملة الماضي البسيط بعد‬
It is time you returned my money.
‫) نستخدم‬I wish/ I'd rather/it's about/it's time/it's almost(‫في حالة وجود تعبير زمني يدل علي الماضي بعد‬
)had+P.P(‫بعدهم ماضي تام‬
I'd rather she had arrived home earlier yesterday.
I 'd rather have coffee. ‫) نستخدم المصدر‬I'd rather( ‫في حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد‬

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (8) The English house

 The Past Perfect Tense
‫فاعل‬+ had(’d) + P.P ‫فاعل‬+ hadn’t + P.P Had + ‫فاعل‬+ P.P ?
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر ر‬ ‫ر‬
……… ‫الماض‬ ‫حدثي حدثا ف‬ ‫للتعبب عن‬
‫ر‬ ‫الماض التام‬ ‫يستخدم زمن‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر ر‬ ... ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ...
‫أحدهما حدث قبل اآلخر نضع الحدث األول ف زمن الماض التام ونضع الحدث الثان ف زمن الماض البسيط‬
‫ر‬
After ‫حدث أول‬ ‫حدث ثان‬
As soon as ‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p ‫ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬
‫ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬ after/as soon as ‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p
‫ر‬
‫حدث ثان‬ because /since /as ‫ألن‬ ‫حدث أول‬
After(As soon as )I had played the match, I went home.
The teacher was angry because we hadn’t done the homework.
When I had done my homework ,I went to bed.

After ‫ بدون فاعل‬+ ‫ اسم‬/ ‫ فعل‬+ing ‫ر‬

‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬
‫ر‬
Immediately on ‫حدث ثان‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬‫ر‬
Having P.P ‫ر‬
‫حدث ثان‬
‫ماض بسيط ر‬
‫منق‬ ‫ر‬ till ‫حدث أول‬
didn’t/wasn’t/weren’t/could’t until ‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p
Refused/denied
After playing the match, he went home.
Having finished his work, he went home.
Immediately on his arrival, the phone rang.
I didn’t answer the question until I had understood it carefully.

‫ر‬
It was only when+‫ماض تام‬ ‫ر‬
that+ ‫ماض بسيط‬
It wasn't until +‫ماض تام‬‫ر‬ that + ‫ماض بسيط‬‫ر‬
It was only when Dr. Magdy Yacoub had left Egypt that he worked and studied in America.
It wasn't until I had met Hayam that I knew that you were ill.

No sooner Had +‫فاعل‬+ p.p than ‫ر‬

‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬
‫ر‬
‫حدث ثان‬
Hardly /Scarcely Had +‫فاعل‬+ p.p when ‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬‫ر‬
‫ر‬
‫حدث ثان‬
No sooner had we finished our exams than we traveled to Alex.
Hardly had they known the news when they fainted.

‫فاعل‬+ had + no sooner +p.p than ‫ر‬

‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬
when ‫ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ had + hardly/scarcely +p.p ‫حدث ثان‬
He had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.
He had hardly left the house when it began to rain.

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef (9) The English house

 Before ‫ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬ ‫حدث أول‬
‫ر‬
By the time ‫حدث ثان‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p
‫حدث أول‬ Before /by the time ‫ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬
‫ر‬
‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p so/ therefore ‫حدث ثان‬
By the time I arrived at the cinema, the film had started.
The pupils had entered their classes by the time Ali arrived at school.
Before I took the medicine, I had had a meal.

Before ‫ بدون فاعل‬+ ‫ اسم‬/ ‫ فعل‬+ing ‫حدث أول‬

‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p
Before killing the man, he bought a big knife

‫ر‬
When ‫حدث أول‬ ‫حدث ثان‬
‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p ‫ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬
‫ر‬
When ‫حدث ثان‬ ‫حدث أول‬
‫ ر‬+ ed/ ‫مصدر‬+ ‫فاعل‬
‫ماض شاذ‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p

‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
When ‫حدث ثان‬ ‫حدث ثان‬
‫م ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫اض شاذ‬ ‫ر‬
‫فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر‬+ ed/ ‫ماض شاذ‬
) ‫إذا مت احلداثن ىف نفس الوقت ( أى بدون فاصل زمىن‬
When the doctor arrived, the patient had died. ( The patient died before the doctor arrived)
When the doctor arrived, the patient died. ( The patient died the moment the doctor arrived )
When Ali saw the lion, he shouted for help.
: ‫الح ــظ‬
‫ر ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
... ‫ نضع الحدث األول ف زمن الماض التام‬... ‫ ثالثة أفعال‬... ( when ) ‫ من الممكن أن يأن بعد‬-1
‫والحدثي‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
) that(‫الماض التام والسيما بعد‬ ‫الماض البسيط و‬ ‫اآلخرين ف زمن‬
When she returned home, she found out that someone had stolen her jewellery.
‫ر‬ ‫ماض تام و ر‬ ‫ماض بسيط مع ر‬ ‫ى‬
‫يأن ر‬
‫ماض مستمر ف جملة واحدة‬ ‫ ممكن‬-2
While I was shopping with my friends , I found out that I had forgotten my wallet at
home.

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 10 ) The English house

 Unit 10 Reported speech
Direct speech ‫هو كالم خارج من على لسان قائله مباشرة‬
Reported speech ‫هو كالم منقول على لسان شخص آخر ليس هو قائله الحقيقي‬

“Direct “ Reported Direct Reported

‫" فاعل‬+ ‫ مصدر‬/ ‫مصدر‬+s” ‫فاعل‬+‫ماضي بسيط‬ “this” that
‫فاعل‬+‫ماضي بسيط‬ ‫فاعل‬+had+P.P “these” those
‫فاعل‬+don’t /doesn’t ‫فاعل‬+didn’t “here” there
‫فاعل‬+didn’t + ‫مصدر‬ ‫فاعل‬+hadn’t+P.P ‘now” then
“am/is/are” was/were “today” that day
“was/were” had been “tonight” that night
“have/has” had “come” ‫أمر‬ to go
“will” would “tomorrow” The next day
The following day
“can” could “tomorrow the next morning
morning” the following
morning
“may” might “next week” the next week
the following week
“shall” Should “next Friday “ the next Friday
the following Friday
“must” had to / must “yesterday” The previous day
The day before
“would” would “last week” The previous week
The week before
“could” could “ ‫مده زمنيه‬+ ago” ‫ مده‬+ before
‫مده‬+ earlier
“might” might
“should” should
“had to” had to
“ ‫فاعل‬+used to + ‫)عاده( مصدر‬ ‫فاعل‬+used to + ‫)عاده( مصدر‬
“‫فاعل‬+ had better +‫”مصدر‬ ‫فاعل‬+ had better +‫مصدر‬
Reported statements ‫اجلمل اخلربية يف الغري مباشر‬
‫فاعل القول‬ said + ‫بدون مفعول‬
said to + ‫مفعول‬ , “ ‫فاعل‬+ ‫………………فعل‬..”
‫فاعل القول‬ said + ‫بدون مفعول‬ that ‫فاعل‬+ ‫………………فعل‬.. ( ‫`)بعد التحويل‬
told + ‫مفعول‬
‫ و عدم استخدامها‬that ‫*ممكن حذف‬
:‫ و هي‬said ‫* ممكن استخدام األفعال األتيه بدال من‬
claimed ‫ ادعى‬complained ‫ اشتكى‬mentioned ‫ذكر‬
indicated ‫ أوضح‬asserted ‫ أكد‬agreed ‫ وافق‬that + ‫جملة الغير مباشر‬
reported ‫ بلغ‬explained ‫ شرح‬shouted ‫صاح‬
promised ‫ وعد‬admitted ‫ أقر‬apologised ‫اعتذر‬
warned ‫حذر‬

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 11 ) The English house

Reported imperative, suggestions and advice ‫األمر و االقرتاحات و النصيحه‬
‫فاعل القول‬ said + ‫بدون مفعول‬
,“ ‫مصدر‬+ ‫“ تكملة‬
said to + ‫مفعول‬
‫فاعل القول‬ told + ‫مفعول‬ to + ‫…مصدر‬.

‫فاعل القول‬ said + ‫بدون مفعول‬

,“Don’t +‫“ مصدر‬
said to + ‫مفعول‬
‫فاعل القول‬ told + ‫مفعول‬ not to + ‫…مصدر‬.
:‫ و هي‬told ‫* ممكن استخدام األفعال األتيه بدال من‬
told ‫اخبر‬ advised ‫نصح‬ helped ‫ساعد‬
asked ‫طلب‬ taught ‫علم‬ wanted ‫أراد‬
warned ‫حذر‬ expected ‫توقع‬ begged ‫ توسل‬+ ‫مفعول‬+ to/ not to +‫مصدر‬
instructed ‫علم‬ encouraged ‫شجع‬ invited ‫دعا‬
ordered ‫أمر‬ urged ‫حث‬ offered ‫عرض‬
Reported questions ‫السؤال‬
‫فاعل القول‬ said + ‫بدون مفعول‬ “ ‫فعل مساعد‬+ ‫? فاعل‬
said to + ‫مفعول‬ “ ‫فعل مساعد‬+ ‫? فاعل‬
asked
‫فاعل القول‬ asked+‫مفعول‬
wanted to know If/whether + ‫فاعل‬+ ‫) بعد التحويل ( فعل‬
wondered
inquired

‫فاعل القول‬ said + ‫بدون مفعول‬

said to + ‫مفعول‬ “ ‫أداة استفهام‬+ ‫فعل مساعد‬+ ‫ فاعل‬+ ……?”
asked
‫فاعل القول‬ asked+‫مفعول‬ ‫أداة استفهام‬+ ‫فاعل‬+ ‫………………… فعل‬
wanted to know ‫أداة استفهام‬+ ‫فاعل‬+ ‫………………… فعل‬
wondered
inquired

“do/does + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫? مصدر‬ “did +‫فاعل‬ + ‫? مصدر‬

If /whether If /whether
‫أداة استفهام‬ Ҳ ‫فاعل‬ + ‫فعل ماضي‬ ‫أداة استفهام‬ Ҳ ‫فاعل‬ + had +P.P
Notes ‫مالحظات مهمه‬
or not ‫لو جملة غير مباشر فيها‬
 ……..if………………………..or not √ ‫لو موجودة في آخر الجملة‬
 …….whether ……………..…..or not √
 ……..if or not Ҳ ………… …………. ‫لو موجودة في وسط الجملة‬
 …….whether or not √………………………
 Ali must decide whether to stay or leave. √ ‫ بحرف جر مباشرة‬if ‫ال تتبع‬
 Ali must decide if to stay or leave. Ҳ

 My decision depends on whether I get a scholarship. √ ‫ بحرف جر مباشرة‬if ‫ال تسبق‬

 My decision depends on if I get a scholarship. Ҳ

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 12 ) The English house

 Do you know…………
 Could you tell me……. if ‫فاعل‬+ ‫……………… فعل‬..
 Can you tell me……. whether
 I wanted to know…. ‫أداة استفهام‬
 I have no idea……..
 I don’t know…..
 “When did Ali arrive?”
 Could you tell me when Ali arrived?
 I wanted to know when Ali arrived?
 ‫فاعل القول‬+ (suggest/admit /deny/apologise for/object to/insist on) + ‫فعل‬+ing

 ‫فاعل القول‬+ (admit /deny) + that ‫فاعل‬+‫)جملة( فعل‬

 ‫ فاعل القول‬+ ( promise/offer/agree/threaten /remind/decide/warn/advice/ask/allow) + to /not ot + ‫مصدر‬

 ‫فاعل القول‬+( suggest/ recommend ) that + ‫ أي فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر دائما‬

 He suggested that he go to the park.
‫ بعد أدوات االستفهام‬to + inf ‫ أحيانا ممكن استخدام‬
 I asked her how to make salad.
 I asked her how I should make salad.

‫حاالت عدم تغيري زمن اجلملة او الظروف‬

‫لو فعل القول مضارع او مستقبل‬
 He says ,” I can drive a car.” * He says that he can druve a car.
a moment ago ‫او‬just now ‫لو فعل القول ماضي معاه‬
 She said a moment ago,”I will come tonight.”
*She said a moment ago that she wll come tonight.
‫لو فعل القول ماضي لكن الجملة داخل األقواس تعبر عن حقيقة‬
 The teacher said, “The earth isn’t exactly round.”
*The teacher said that the earth isn’t exactly round.
‫ تتغير الضمائر فقط‬If ‫ من‬3 ‫ او‬2 ‫لو داخل األقواس الحاله‬
 Ali said ,”If I had a lot of money, I would buy a car.”
*Ali said that if he had a lot of money, he would buy a car.”

should/could/would/ might/had to/used to /ought to/would rather/had better ‫لو داخل األقواس‬
 Soha said,”I used to be fat when I was young.”
*Soha said that she used to be fat when she was young.”

‫ تتحول الى الحالة الثانيه لكن الحالة الصفريه ال تتحول ألنها تعبر عن حقيقيه‬if ‫الحاله األولي من‬
 He said” if you boil water ,it evaporates.” *He said that if I boil water, it evaporates.
‫ أو ماضي مستمر ال تتغير للحفاظ على المعني‬had +P.P ‫لو زمن الجمله ماضي تام ال تتغير‬
 “I was studying when the lights went out.” He said.
*He said that he was studying when the lights went out.

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 13 ) The English house

 Unit 11 Relative clauses

:‫خنتارهم حسب االسم الذي قبلهم‬

 The boy who won the race is my son. ‫اسم عاقل سواء فاعل او مفعول‬ who
 The car which hit the man was very fast. ‫غب عاقل سواء فاعل او مفعول‬
‫اسم ر‬ which
 The mobile that I bought yesterday has a good camera. ‫تحل محل العاقل او رغب العاقل‬ that
 The boy whom you met is my cousin. ‫اسم عاقل مفعول‬ whom
 The town where I live is very crowded. ‫تحل محل ظرف المكان‬ where
 Six o’clock is the time when I get up. ‫تحل محل ظرف الزمان‬ when
 The woman whose son had come first was very happy. ‫للملكيه‬ whose
who ˑ√ who √
‫اسم عاقل‬ that ˑ√ ‫فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬ ‫اسم عاقل‬ that √ ‫فعل‬+ ‫مفعول‬
whom ˑ√ whom x

,who √ who √
‫اسم عاقل‬ ,whom √ ‫غب مهمه‬
‫جملة وصفيه ر‬ ‫اسم عاقل‬ that √ ‫جملة وصفيه مهمه‬
, that x whom √
who √ who x
‫اسم عاقل‬ that √ ‫ جمله وصفيه‬+ ‫حرف جر‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫حرف‬ that x ‫جمله وصفيه‬
whom √ ‫عاقل‬ ‫جر‬ whom √

which √ which √
‫غب عاقل‬
‫اسم ر‬ that √ ‫فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬ ‫غب عاقل‬
‫اسم ر‬ that √ ‫فعل‬+ ‫مفعول‬

,which √ which √
‫غب عاقل‬
‫اسم ر‬ ,that x ‫غب مهمه‬
‫جملة وصفيه ر‬ ‫غب عاقل‬
‫اسم ر‬ that √ ‫جملة وصفيه مهمه‬

‫غب عاقل‬
‫اسم ر‬ which √ ‫ جمله وصفيه‬+ ‫حرف جر‬ ‫غب‬
‫اسم ر‬ ‫حرف‬ which √ ‫جمله وصفيه‬
that √ ‫عاقل‬ ‫جر‬ that x

)‫المكان الذي فيه (ألنها تحل محل المكان و حرف جر المكان‬ where
) ‫غي عاقل و ال تحذف حرف الجر‬ ‫المكان الذي فقط ( ألنها تحل محل المكان عىل اساس انه ئ‬
‫ش ر‬ which
This is the house where I was born. This is the house which I was born in.
This is the house in which I was born.
Cairo where I live is a very beautiful place.
Cairo which is the capital of Egypt is a very beautiful place.
You can travel to Luxor. Luxor is the place in which you can find a lot of monuments.
You can travel to Luxor, which is where you can find a lot of monuments.
the place in which ‫ محل‬where ‫ و حلت‬luxor ‫محل‬which ‫حيث حلت‬

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 14 ) The English house

 )‫ الوقت الذي فيه (ألنها تحل محل الوقت و حرف جر الزمان‬when
) ‫غب عاقل و ال تحذف حرف الجر‬ ‫ الوقت الذي فقط ( ألنها تحل محل الوقت عىل اساس انه ئ‬which
‫ش ر‬
Friday is the day when I go to the club. Friday is the day on which I go to the club.
He got his current job in 2018. 2018 was the year in which he graduated from Cairo university.
He got his current job in 2018, which was when he graduated from Cairo University.
the year in which ‫ محل‬when ‫ و حلت‬2018 ‫محل‬which ‫حيث حلت‬

‫’ و صفات الملكية و ه‬s ‫( للملكية و تحل محل اسم متبوع بـ‬whose) ‫تستخدم‬ whose
my / his / her / its / our / you / their
We met a lady. Her daughter has just got married.
We met a lady whose daughter has just got married.
whose ‫ممكن استخدام حرف الجر قبل‬
Ali had an accident last night. We had a party in his house.
=Ali, in whose house we had a party, had an accident last night.

Notes
all-only- many-no-few-much-any-some-every-one-none-(thing) ‫ مع وجود‬that ‫*نستخدم‬
‫و بعد صفات التفضيل‬
I lent her all the money that she needed.
Wahid was the only friend that helped me.
The fox is the cleverest animal that I have ever seen.
which ‫او‬whom ‫( بعدهم نستخدم‬of )‫لكن لو جاءت‬
I took three pictures , all of which are not clear.
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ كأسم موصول ف حالة عدم وجود اسم ف الجملة السابقة و وجود فعل‬what ‫*ممكن استخدام‬
We'd better decide what we need to buy
We'd better decide the thing that we need to buy
I didn’t understand what you had said.
The thing that annoys him is that his friend always comes late.
What annoys him is that his friend always comes late.
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ كأسم موصول ف حالة عدم وجود اسم ف الجملة السابقة و وجود فعل و المطلوب شح‬why ‫*ممكن استخدام‬
‫السبب‬
I didn’t understand why he came late.
)‫ لتحل محل جمله كامله (فكره كامله‬which ‫*ممكن استخدام‬
I spent a nice time with my friends yesterday which made me happy.
‫ى‬
‫ اسم المملوك و هناك بعض الكلمات ى‬whose ‫*يأن بعد‬
:‫الت نستخدمها كفعل و اسم بنفس الحروف و منها‬
Visit- play-work-help-pay-stay-wish-hope-likes-dislikes-imports-exports
I respect parents whose hope in life is to bring up their children well.
I’m thankful to my friend whose help was very necessary.
*With = who/which/that + have/has/had
I live in a house which has three floors. I live in a house with three floors.

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 15 ) The English house

 ‫ر‬
)the place/ aplace ( ‫بمعت‬ where ‫*ممكن استخدام حروف الجر قبل‬
I took the laptop to where it was repaired.
I took the laptop to the place it was repaired.
)It+verb to be … ( ‫) بعد‬who/whom/which ( ‫ و ليس‬that ‫*يفضل استخدام‬
It’s the manager that we want to see at once.

:‫معت الجملة و الفعل يتحكم رف حرف الجر‬

‫ حسب ر‬which ‫*ممكن استخدام حروف الجر قبل‬
at which ‫*الوقت او االجتماع الذي فيه‬
I attended a meeting at which we discussed all the problems.
on which ‫*التاري خ او اليوم الذي فيه‬
1973 is the date on which we won the war.
in which ‫ئ‬
‫*الش الذي فيه او الشهر او السنه او الفصل الذي فيه‬
I read a story which was very interesting.
I read a story in which the characters were very interesting
to which ‫*الش الذي رديت عليه‬‫ئ‬
He asked me a question to which I couldn’t replied .
for which ‫*السبب الذي من اجله او نعتذر عنه‬
He said something impolite for which he apologized.
by which ‫*الذي بواسطته او الذي عن طريقه‬
He sayshe’s busy,by which he really means he doesn’t want to go to the
party.
about which ‫*الش الذي عنه نتحدث‬ ‫ئ‬
The film about which we were talking was wonderful.
From which ‫*الذي منه‬
This is the shop from which I bought my new shoes.

Omission of relative pronouns

)‫) اذا جاء بعدهم فاعل ( حلوا محال المفعول‬that/who/which/whom( ‫ممكن حذف االسم الموصول‬
This is the woman who I helped. This is the woman I helped.
)be+ p.p ( ‫ممكن حذف االسم الموصول لو بعده مجهول‬
The picture which was drawn by Ali was amazing.
The picture which was drawn by Ali was amazing.
‫ممكن حذف االسم الموصول لو بعده فعل معلوم لكن نستخدم مكان االسم الموصول و الفعل‬
)verb+ing(
The boy who sits next to me is naughty.
The boy who sits sitting next to me is naughty.
:‫ضمب الوصل يحل محل الفاعل مع‬
‫ر‬ ‫) اذا كان‬to + inf. ( ‫ممكن استخدام‬
The first…/the second …../ the last…../ the only….
I was the first person that left the ship.
I was the first person to leave the ship.

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 16 ) The English house

 Unit 12 Deduction ‫االستنتاج‬

Present ‫المضارع‬ Past‫الماضي‬

 I'm sure • When we are sure about something, we use must + infinitive:
 I'm certain • The past form is must have + past participle: ‫في االثبات‬
 I think ‫الفاعل‬must+‫مصدر‬ ‫ الفاعل‬must have +P.P
 I believe ‫فاعل غير حقيقي‬+ must be+ P.P ‫فاعل غير حقيقي‬+ must have been + P.P
 I imagine
 Certainly *Ali must be happy. He has just *It must have been cold there.
 ‫في االثبات‬ won a gold medal. There is snow on the ground in the
*Nadia lived in England for 20 photo.
years, so she must speak
English well.

 I'm sure • When we are sure about something, we use can’t + infinitive:
 I'm certain • The negative form is can’t + infinitive:‫في النفي‬
 I think • The negative form is can’t have + past participle:
 I believe ‫الفاعل‬can't +‫مصدر‬ ‫الفاعل‬can't have + P.P
 I imagine ‫فاعل غير حقيقي‬+can't be + PP ‫ فاعل غير حقيقي‬can't have been + P.P

 certainly
*He can’t be cold. He isn’t *They can’t have had lunch. Their
 ‫في النفي‬
wearing a jacket. food is in the fridge.

 I'm not • When we are not sure about something,we use might (not) + infinitive:
certain • The past form is might (not) have + past participle
 I'm not sure ‫ الفاعل‬might +‫مصدر‬ ‫الفاعل‬might have +P.P
 Perhaps
‫ فاعل غير حقيقي‬might be + P.P ‫ فاعل غير حقيقي‬might have been +P.P
 Maybe
 It's probable *The tourist might be American *I can’t find my book. I might have
 It is likely because he has an English left it at home.
 It's possible. guidebook. *We didn’t see Tarek at the sports
 I don't think *My uncle might not return club today. He might not have
so
today. been there.
 I don't
believe
might ‫ مكان‬could ‫ أو‬may ‫ ممكن استخدام‬

Mr. Sedeek Abdellaateef ( 17 ) The English house