ENGLISH

BASICS
TEACHER JENNIFER MUÑOZ
WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
HOW TO WRITE A SENTENCE?
 SUBJECT I - YO (SINGULAR-
ONEPERSON)

PRONOUNS
YOU - TÚ (SINGULAR-SECOND
PERSON)
WE -NOSOTROS (PLURAL-
THIRD PERSON)
EL SUJETO DE UNA ORACIÓN ES LA THEY- ELLOS/ELLAS
PERSONA O COSA QUE REALIZA LA (PLURAL-THIRD PERSON)
ACCIÓN DEL VERBO. HE- ÉL (FIRST PERSON-
SINGULAR)
SHE-ELLA (FIRST PERSON-
SINGULAR)
IT-ESO/ESA COSA OBJETO
ANIMAL (SECOND PERSON -
SINGULAR)
 WHAT IS A VERB?
LOS VERBOS SON PALABRAS QUE INDICAN ACCIONES O ESTADOS QUE
HACEN LAS PERSONAS, LOS ANIMALES O LAS COSAS
A VERB IS A WORD USED TO DESCRIBE AN ACTION, STATE OR
OCCURRENCE.
VERB TO BE
 CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
THE MOST COMMON USE OF THE TO BE VERB IS TO TALK ABOUT NAMES,
AGES, FEELING, NATIONALITIES, AND PROFESSIONS, ESPECIALLY WHEN
TALKING IN THE PRESENT TENSE.
SIGNIFICA SER O ESTAR
 POSITIVE SENTENCES

Subject
verb to be predicate
pronoun

She is happy
 POSITIVE SENTENCES
EXAMPLES
Let’s see some examples with the “to be” verb.

For names: For ages: For feelings:

She is Sheila He is 6 years old. Lauren and Sandra
are happy.
For nationalities: For professions:
We are from You aren’t a painter, you
Thailand. are a singer.
 NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Subject
verb to be not predicate
pronoun

She is not happy

 NEGATIVE SENTENCES
EXAMPLES
Let’s see some examples with the “to be” verb.

For names: For ages: For feelings:

He is not Thomas. She is not 46 years old. Lauren and Sandra
are not happy.
For nationalities: For professions:
We are not from You aren’t a painter.
Thailand.
 YES-NO QUESTIONS

Subject
verb to be predicate
pronoun

Is she happy ?
 YES-NO ANSWERS

Subject verb to be
YES-NO
pronoun

Yes, am
I am not
No,
 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
EXAMPLES
Let’s see some examples with the “to be” verb.

Are you reading?

Yes, I am.

Is Lisa ready for bed?

No, she is not.
 SIMPLE
PRESENT
THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE IS USED TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION
WHICH IS HAPPENING NOW OR SOMETHING WHICH HAPPENS ON A
REGULAR BASIS. WE USE THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE TO TALK
ABOUT DAILY ROUTINES AND ACTIVITIES, HABITS, AND GENERAL
TRUTHS.

SE UTILIZA PARA HABLAR DE ACCIONES QUE ESTAN PASANDO EN EL

MOMENTO O PARA HABLAR DE RUTINA DIARIA.
ACTION VERBS
 STEPS TO FORM A SENTENCE
FIRST AND SECOND PERSON SINGULAR
I-YOU

Subject
action verb predicate
pronoun
I
wake up at 7 o´clock
You
 STEPS TO FORM A SENTENCE
THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
HE -SHE- IT

Subject
action verb S predicate
pronoun

He
wakes up at 7 o´clock
She
It
 STEPS TO FORM A SENTENCE
PLURAL
WE- THEY

Subject
action verb predicate
pronoun

We wake up at 7 o´clock
They
 PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
 CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE IS USED FOR AN ONGOING ACTION IN
THE PRESENT OR FUTURE PLANING.
SE USA CUANDO SE QUIERE HABLAR DE UNA ACCION QUE ESTA
PASANDO EN ESTE MISMO MOMENTO O PARA ACCIONES PLANEADAS A
FUTURO.
 STEPS TO FORM A SENTENCE

Subject verb to be action verb ing predicate

pronoun

He is play ing soccer

playing
 HOW TO FORM THE VERBS
MOST VERBS WILL ONLY FOR VERBS THAT END FOR VERBS THAT END
NEED ING "E", REMOVE THE "E" AND "IE", CHANGE THE "IE" TO
ADD "ING" "Y" AND ADD "ING"
play > playing prepare > preparing lie > lying
shout > shouting ride > riding untie > untying

FOR VERBS WHOSE LAST SYLLABLE IS WRITTEN [CONSONANT-VOWEL-

CONSONANT] AND IS STRESSED, DOUBLE THE FINAL CONSONANT AND
ADD "ING"
run > running
forget > forgetting
 NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Subject
verb to be not action verb ing predicate
pronoun

He is not play ing soccer

playing
 QUESTIONS

verb to be Subject action verb ing predicate

pronoun

Is He play ing
soccer

playing
 YES-NO ANSWERS

Subject verb to be action verb

YES-NO ing
pronoun verb to be
not
Yes,
he Is play ing

No,
is not
playing
ARTICLES AN ,A,
THE
CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
WE USE A WHEN THE WORD THAT FOLLOWS IT BEGINS WITH A CONSONANT SOUND. WE USE AN
WHEN IT'S FOLLOWED BY A VOWEL SOUND
USAMOS EL ARTICULO A SI LA PALABRA EMPIEZA CON UNA CONSONANTE, Y EL ARTICULO AN SI
EMPIEZA CON VOCAL.

WE USE THE – THE DEFINITE ARTICLE – WHEN THE LISTENER ALREADY KNOWS WHICH THING
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT BECAUSE IT WAS MENTIONED BEFORE OR BECAUSE THERE'S ONLY
ONE OF THEM.

USAMOS EL ARTICULO THE SI LA PERSONA QUE ESTA HABLANDO YA SABE DE LA EXISTENCIA

DEL OBJETO, COSA ,ANIMAL O PERSONA. O SI SE SABE QUE SOLO HAY UNA UNIDAD DE OBJETO,
COSA, ANIMAL O PERSONA
ADJECTIVES
CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
ADJECTIVES ARE WORDS THAT DESCRIBE THE QUALITIES OR STATES OF BEING OF
NOUNS: ENORMOUS, DOGLIKE, SILLY, YELLOW, FUN, FAST. THEY CAN ALSO
DESCRIBE THE QUANTITY OF NOUNS: MANY, FEW, MILLIONS, ELEVEN.
ADJECTIVES DO NOT MODIFY VERBS OR ADVERBS OR OTHER ADJECTIVES.

LOS ADJETIVOS SON PALABRAS QUE SE USAN PARA DESCRIBIR CUALIDADES O

ESTADOS DE SER EN LOS SUSTANTIVOS. EJEMPLO : GIGANTE , AMARILLO , RAPIDO,
HERMOSO.
TAMBIEN PUEDEN DESCIBIR LA CANTIDAD: MILLONES , ALGUNOS , POCOS.
LOS ADEJTIVOS NO MODIFICAN VERBOS NI ADVERBIOS , SOLO ADJETIVOS.
EXAMPLE : THE COW IS HAPPY.
 ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES COME IN THREE FORMS, KNOWN AS DEGREES: ABSOLUTE,
COMPARATIVE, AND SUPERLATIVE.

ABSOLUTE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Absolute adjectives describe something to a make a comparison between indicate that something has the
infinite two or more things. highest degree of the quality in
question

A cool guy A cooler guy The coolest guy

A messy desk A messier desk The messiest desk
A beautiful flower A more beautiful flower The most beautiful flower
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
One-syllable Adjectives
Form the comparative forms of a one-syllable adjective by
adding –er.

Examples:

long – longer
tall – taller
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just
add –r for the comparative form.

Examples:

cute – cuter
large – larger
 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Add –er to adjectives that end in consonant-
vowel-consonant and double the last consonant.

Examples:

big – bigger
hot – hotter
 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Two-syllable Adjectives
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the
comparative with more.

Examples:

honest – more honest

famous – more famous
 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Two-syllable Adjectives
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the
comparative with more.

Examples:

honest – more honest

famous – more famous
 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y,
change the y to i and add –er for the comparative
form.

Examples:

happy – happier
crazy – crazier
 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, –le, or –ow
take –er to form the comparative forms.

Examples:

narrow – narrower
gentle – gentler
 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Adjectives with Three or More Syllables
Add more to adjectives that has 3 or more syllables.
Examples:
expensive – more expensive
difficult – more difficult
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Irregular Adjectives
good – better
bad – worse
far – farther
little – less
many – more
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
They are used to describe the highest degree of quality or characteristic. For example, the
superlative form of tall would be tallest.

One-syllable Adjectives
1. Form the superlative forms of a one-syllable
adjective by adding –est.

Examples:

long – longest
tall – tallest
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
They are used to describe the highest degree of quality or characteristic. For example, the
superlative form of tall would be tallest.

One-syllable Adjectives
1. Form the superlative forms of a one-syllable
adjective by adding –est.

Examples:

long – longest
tall – tallest
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –st
for the superlative form.

Examples:

cute – cutest
large – largest
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –st
for the superlative form.

Examples:

cute – cutest
large – largest
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Add –est to adjectives that end in consonant-vowel-
consonant and double the last consonant.

Examples:

big – biggest
hot – hottest
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Two-syllable Adjectives
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the
superlative with most.

Examples:

honest – most honest

famous – most famous
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change
the y to i and add –est for the superlative form
Examples:
happy – happiest
crazy – craziest
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, –le, or –ow
take –est to form the superlative forms.

Examples:

narrow – narrowest
gentle – gentlest
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Adjectives with Three or More Syllables
Add most to adjectives that has 3 or more
syllables.

Superlative Examples:

expensive – most expensive

difficult – most difficult
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Irregular Adjectives
good – best
bad – worst
far – farthest
little – least
many – most
MODAL VERB
“CAN”
CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
THE VERB “CAN” IS USED TO EXPRESS ABILITY, POSSIBILITY, TO MAKE A
REQUEST OR TO ASK FOR PERMISSION, AND IT CAN EVEN BE USED TO
MAKE AN OFFER OR A SUGGESTION. ADDITIONALLY, IN ITS NEGATIVE
FORM, “CAN’T” OR “CANNOT”, IT CAN BE USED TO EXPRESS INABILITY
OR IMPOSSIBILITY.
EL VERBO “CAN” SE UTILIZA PARA EXPRESAR HABILIDADES
,POSIBILIDADES , HACER PETICIONES O PEDIR PERMISO , TAMBIEN PARA
HACER OFERTAS Y SUGERENCIAS.
EN SU FORMANEGTIVA SE USA PARA EXPRESAR COSAS INHABILIDAD O
COSAS IMPOSIBLES.
 STEPS TO FORM A SENTENCE

Subject verb can action verb predicate

pronoun

He can play soccer

 STEPS TO FORM A NEGATIVE SENTENCE

Subject verb can not action verb predicate

pronoun

He can not play soccer

 STEPS TO FORM A QUESTION

verb can Subject action verb predicate

pronoun

can he play soccer

THANK
YOU
SEE YOU NEXT TIME