CROP SCIENCE

1. Republic Act (RA) No. 11524 which was signed into law last February 2021 is also
known as:

a. Organic Agriculture Act

b. Coconut Farmers and Industry Trust Fund (CFITF) Act
c. Act to Govern the Relations Between Landholders and Tenants of Agricultural
Lands d. Act amending the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010

RATIONALE

Coconut Farmers and Industry Trust Fund (CFITF) Act - Republic Act (RA) No. 11524 AN
ACT CREATING THE COCONUT FARMERS AND INDUSTRY TRUST FUND,
PROVIDING FOR ITS MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION, RECONSTITUTING FOR
THE PURPOSE THE PHILIPPINE COCONUT AUTHORITY BOARD, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES

Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 - Republic Act (RA) No. 10068 Act to Govern the Relations
Between Landholders and Tenants of Agricultural Lands- Republic Act (RA) No.1199 Act
amending the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 - Republic Act (RA) No. 11511 - signed
January 2021

2. Which of the following statements refers to a plant's microclimate?

a. Weather forecaster's local climate

b. Complex of environmental variables to which plants are exposed
c. Climate prevailing in a village
d. Climate at the surface of the earth's atmosphere
RATIONALE

Microclimate is the complex of environmental variables, including temperature, radiation,

humidity and wind, to which vegetation is exposed. It is the climate near the surface of the
Earth, and it is different from the weather forecasters' macroclimate or local climate because
of the influence of the Earth's surface and, most importantly, the presence of vegetation.

3. Which of the following regions is considered as the center of origin of maize (Zea
mays)?

a. Philippines

b. Africa

c. Mexico

d. India
RATIONALE

Maize (Zea mays L.) also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a
cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years
ago.

4. Which of the following statements is/are true about crop science?

a. It is science derived from the adoption and application of the basic sciences of
chemistry, mathematics, physics, and from various applied sciences like
physiology, meteorology, anatomy, plant breeding, tec.

b. It is business because plants are not grown simply to satisfy the needs of man
but to realize some profit in the process of production.

c. It is an art because it requires skills to produce even with little or no scientific

training.

d. All of the above

5. Which of the following is a recommended mungbean variety?

a. Pag-asa 5
b. Tiwala 6
c. Biyaya 10
d. Tinipay

RATIONALE

Pag-asa 5 - mungbean

Tiwala 6 - soybean

Biyaya 10 - peanut

Tinipay - sweet potato

Jaman Domingo

6. Next to rice and corn, the top 5 crops of the Philippines include

a. Coconut, sugarcane, and banana

b. Coconut, banana, abaca
c. Coconut, wheat, sugarcane
d. Coconut, coffee, cassava
RATIONALE

According to FAO, the leading crops in the country are rice, maize, sugarcane, coconut,
banana, mango, pineapple, cassava, coffee, sweet potato, and eggplant.

In terms of harvest area, the most extensively grown crops are rice, coconut, maize,
sugarcane, banana, cassava, coffee, mango, sweet potato, and Manila hemp.

Source: https://www.fao.org/3/11500e/Philippines.pdf

7. Chlorophyll, the green pigment mainly responsible for photosynthesis, is abundantly

found in:

a. Vascular bundles
b. Mesophyll cells
c. Stomata
d. Mitochondria
RATIONALE

The central leaf or mesophyll, consists of soft-walled unspecialized cells of the type known
as parenchyma. As much as one-fifth of the mesophyll is composed of chlorophyll-containing
chloroplasts, which absorb sunlight and, in conjunction with certain enzymes, use the radiant
energy in decomposing water into its elements.

8. In which of the following plant types is Kranz anatomy present

a. C3 Plants

b. C4 Plants

c. CAM plants

d. Cactus

RATIONALE

Kranz anatomy: the special structure of leaves in C4 plants wherein vascular bundles are
surrounded by a sheath of chloroplast-rich parenchyma cells called the vascular bundle
sheath, which is surrounded by the spongy mesophyll.

9. It is an area in crop science that includes the principles and practices of managing
field crops and soils

a. Agronomy

b. Plant Breeding

c. Plant Physiology
 d. Horticulture

RATIONALE

AGRONOMY - principles and practices of managing field crops and soils

HORTICULTURE – gardens, and plants within an enclosure, which includes olericulture

(vegetables), pomology (fruits), floriculture (flowers), nursery management, and landscape
gardening.

10. Which of the following is a characteristic of C3 plants?

a. C3 plants have only one CO2 fixation pathway.

b. C3 plants have two CO2 fixation pathways separated in space.

c. C3 plants have two fixation pathways separated in time.

d. C3 plants have three CO2 fixation pathways.

RATIONALE

CO2 acceptor: ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate (RuBP)

Carboxylate Enzyme: ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco)

First stable product: 3- phosphoglycerate (3-PGA)

11. This is the vascular tissue responsible for conducting water and mineral salts upward
through the plant body.

a. Roots
b. Xylem
c. Phloem
d. Leaves
RATIONALE

Xylem, plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the
rest of the plant and also provides physical support.

https://www.britannica.com/science/xylem

12. The practice of growing a new crop out of shoots from the previous crop is called

a. Replantin

b. Recropping
 c. Ratooning

d. Rejuvenation

RATIONALE

Ratooning, whereby the rice crop is allowed to regrow after harvesting from tiller buds, has
been practiced in China for over 1700 years (Wang et al... 2020).

The word "ratoon" meaningfully can be traced to two Latin words: retonsus which means "to
cut down" and retono which means "to thunder back". It's meaningful because when ratoon is
used in relation to agriculture, it means both: a crop is "cut down" at harvest, but its roots are
left behind and from that stubble, a second crop "thunders back". Although, realistically, it's
only been recent- thanks to an increased focus on fertilizer management and plant breeding -
that the second "ratoon" crop has returned with any kind of thunderous energy.

13. Which of the following consists of undifferentiated tissues that are actively dividing?

a. Flowers

b. Stem

c. Meristem

d. Branch

RATIONALE

The meristem is a type of tissue found in plants. It consists of undifferentiated cells

(meristematic cells) capable of cell division. Cells in the meristem can develop into all the
other tissues and organs that occur in plants.

14.