IAT 340 Exam Review PDF

‭PSYCHOACOUSTICS‬
‭How does sound transmission work?‬

‭●‬ ‭Depending on the type of medium, affects how sound travels‬
‭●‬ ‭How sound is compressed depends on the medium‬
‭●‬ ‭Impacts speed and quality (frequency and loudness)‬
‭What is frequency?‬
‭●‬ ‭Number of cycles per second‬
‭●‬ ‭Measured in hertz‬
‭What is the following illustration representing?‬
‭‬
● ‭ hase‬
P
‭●‬ ‭Depending on how you position mic, sound can reach mic at different times‬
‭●‬ ‭Phases can offset‬
‭●‬ ‭Out of phase → cancellation‬
‭●‬ ‭180 degrees → total cancellation‬
I‭nstruments of the percussion group, bells, and gongs in particular, have overtones which are‬
‭largely _________________.‬
‭●‬ ‭Inharmonic‬
‭●‬ ‭Getting frequencies that are not musical in tonality‬
‭●‬ ‭The more random the frequency/waveshape, the more noise-like they sound‬
‭What is the difference between hearing and listening?‬

‭●‬ ‭Active listening is bringing focus to the sound‬
‭●‬ ‭Passive listening is ignoring the information‬
‭What is SPL?‬
‭●‬ ‭Sound pressure level‬
‭●‬ ‭Type of measurement that's logarithmic that gives us a sense of loudness level‬
‭●‬ ‭Our hearing works in an exponential way, decibels uses a logarithmic scale → align with‬
‭what we hear‬
‭Loudness is an objective term defined by humans. True or False‬

‭●‬ ‭False‬
‭●‬ ‭Perception of what we have about how loud we think something is‬
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‭SYNTHESIS‬
‭Name the following wave shapes‬
‭‬
● ‭ in‬
S
‭●‬ ‭Square‬
‭●‬ ‭Triangle‬
‭●‬ ‭Saw‬
‭What is a low pass?‬

‭●‬ ‭Allows low frequencies to pass‬
‭VCO is‬
‭●‬ ‭Voltage controlled oscillator‬
‭VCF is‬
‭●‬ ‭Voltage controlled filter‬
‭LFO is‬
‭●‬ ‭Low frequency oscillator‬
‭VCA is‬
‭●‬ ‭Voltage controlled amplitude‬
‭What are the 4 stages of an amplitude‬

‭●‬ ‭Attack‬
‭●‬ ‭Decay‬
‭●‬ ‭Sustain‬
‭●‬ ‭Release‬
‭What is the difference between monophonic and polyphonic?‬

‭●‬ ‭Monophonic can only trigger one sound at a time‬
‭●‬ ‭Polyphonic can trigger multiple sounds at a time‬
‭CV stands for‬
‭●‬ ‭Controlled voltage‬
‭What is MIDI?‬
‭●‬ ‭Musical Instrument Digital Interface‬
‭●‬ ‭Standardized way of communicating between devices‬
‭●‬ ‭Send data from one device to another‬
‭PROCESSING‬
‭Name one dynamic processor and one effects processor.‬
‭●‬ ‭Compressor (dynamic)‬
‭●‬ ‭Reverb (effects)‬
‭Explain the signal flow of an effect as an insert‬

‭●‬ ‭Need a sound source‬
‭●‬ ‭Go to effects module‬
‭●‬ ‭Processed‬
‭●‬ ‭Output‬
‭SPACE‬
‭What are the 3 parameters of defining space‬
‭●‬ ‭Direct sound‬
‭●‬ ‭Early reflections‬
‭●‬ ‭Late reflections (reverb/echo)‬
‭What is considered a short delay?‬

‭●‬ ‭Anything under 20 ms‬
‭●‬ ‭Its so short we can’t tell a repetition‬
‭What effect do we get when we have a very short delay time?‬

‭●‬ ‭Comb filter‬
‭Frequency / Distortion‬
‭ he way we here musical sounds is based on the ability of our ears to hear both the‬
T
‭______________ and ________________.‬
‭●‬ ‭Fundamental (lowest note in a song, typically played by a bass)‬
‭●‬ ‭Harmonics‬
‭●‬ ‭Inharmonic leads to distortion‬
‭SOUNDTRACK‬
‭The 3 elements of a soundtrack are‬
‭●‬ ‭Dialogue‬
‭●‬ ‭Effects‬
‭●‬ ‭Music‬
‭What is a semantic sound and give one example‬
‭●‬ ‭A sound with a meaning to it‬
‭●‬ ‭Sound that communicates something‬
‭●‬ ‭Info is more important than the timbre‬
‭●‬ ‭Example: human speech‬
‭Sound can enhance our perception of‬

‭●‬ ‭Depth‬
‭●‬ ‭Width‬
‭●‬ ‭Height‬
‭Sound effects linked to on-screen objects are referred to as _______________.‬

‭●‬ ‭Hard effects‬
‭What are the 6 steps of the Laydown process?‬

‭●‬ ‭Spotting‬
‭●‬ ‭Gathering‬
‭●‬ ‭Laydown‬
‭●‬ ‭Mix‬
‭●‬ ‭Mixdown‬
‭●‬ ‭Synchronization‬
‭MICROPHONES‬
‭Explain 3 common microphone patterns‬
‭●‬ ‭Cardioid (front and sides, rejects back, heart shaped)‬
‭●‬ ‭Omnidirectional (all directions)‬
‭●‬ ‭Bidirectional (front and back)‬
‭MIXING‬
‭What is difference between a plosive and sibilance?‬
‭●‬ ‭Plosives are letters that tend to have low frequency (t, b, p)‬
‭●‬ ‭Pop filter can be used to diffuse the air and prevent it from reaching the microphone.‬
‭●‬ ‭Sibilance high freq letters (s, sh, f, x)‬
‭●‬ ‭To reduce sibilance, a de-esser can be used, which is a type of audio processor that‬
‭selectively reduces the level of high-frequency sounds in a vocal recording.‬
‭Provide 3 important tips when it comes to recording dialogue.‬

‭●‬ ‭Mic angle, make sure to position towards mouth‬
‭●‬ ‭Pop filter, reduces distortion‬
‭●‬ ‭Distance, don’t be too close or too far from mic (6 in)‬
‭●‬ ‭Clothing, don’t wear noisy clothes‬
‭What type of filter is the following?‬
‭‬ L
● ‭ ow shelving filter‬
‭●‬ ‭Similar to hi-pass/low-pass filter‬
‭What is/are the most common issue with an audio mix?‬

‭●‬ ‭Muddy sound‬
‭●‬ ‭Distortion‬
‭●‬ ‭Lack of spatialization‬
‭SAMPLING‬
‭What is sampling?‬
‭●‬ ‭Record audio and manipulate it‬
‭What is metaphoric sound?‬

‭●‬ ‭Commonly found in cartoons‬
‭●‬ ‭Replacement of specific type of sounds (usually violent) with musical instruments to‬
‭lighten the effect‬
‭44.1 Khz is the ________________ and 16 or 24 is the _________________.‬

‭●‬ ‭Sampling rate‬
‭●‬ ‭Bit depth‬
‭INTERACTIVE AUDIO‬
‭Provide one example for each of the following:‬
‭●‬ ‭Semiotic Functional Sound: similar to semantics, like cross-walk beeping sounds,‬
‭seatbelt, car lock‬
‭●‬ ‭Emotional Sound: thunder, heartbeat, music‬
‭●‬ ‭Narrative Sound: dialogue‬
‭●‬ ‭Parameter for Immersion: spatialization, effects, binaural, multichannel‬
‭What are some problems to avoid when creating interactive sound?‬

‭●‬ ‭Repetition‬
‭●‬ ‭Not attaching some sounds to the background‬
‭●‬ ‭Deadzones‬
‭What is an audio card?‬
‭●‬ ‭Has inputs and outputs‬
‭●‬ ‭At input, connect instruments‬
‭●‬ ‭Allows you to record audio to computer, has analog digital converter, mix‬
‭●‬ ‭Put to output‬
‭●‬ ‭Connect output to speaker‬
‭●‬ ‭NOT A MIXER‬
‭What is the object in Max we use to set up our output?‬

‭●‬ ‭dac (digital audio converter)‬
‭●‬ ‭[dac~]‬
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‭PSYCHOACOUSTICS‬

‭How does sound transmission work?‬

‭What is the following illustration representing?‬

‭What is the difference between hearing and listening?‬

‭Loudness is an objective term defined by humans. True or False‬

‭What is a low pass?‬

‭What are the 4 stages of an amplitude‬

‭What is the difference between monophonic and polyphonic?‬

‭Explain the signal flow of an effect as an insert‬

‭What is considered a short delay?‬

‭What effect do we get when we have a very short delay time?‬

‭Sound can enhance our perception of‬

‭Sound effects linked to on-screen objects are referred to as _______________.‬

‭What are the 6 steps of the Laydown process?‬

‭Provide 3 important tips when it comes to recording dialogue.‬

‭What is/are the most common issue with an audio mix?‬

‭What is metaphoric sound?‬

‭44.1 Khz is the and 16 or 24 is the _.‬

‭What are some problems to avoid when creating interactive sound?‬

‭What is the object in Max we use to set up our output?‬

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