National Institute of Technology, Srinagar

Department:- Electrical Engineering

Presented by group 5
HEMANT 2021BELE022
UDIT SINGH 2021BELE023
VIVEK PRATAP SINGH 2021BELE024
BHUPESH BASWAL 2021BELE025
ANJALI SONKAR 2021BELE026

Submitted to:- Dr. Ashok Kumar

(Dept. Of ECE)
Topic:- Power supply and IC regulator
What is power supply:-
A power supply is a device that converts one form of electrical energy into another.
The most common type of power supply is a liner power supply Linear power
supplies converts AC alternating current to DC current.

Basic power supplies consists of several component given below:-

 The main components of a power supply are:-

➢ INPUT: The input is the source of electrical energy for the power supply. The
input can be AC or DC voltage
➢ TRANSFORMER : The transformer is used to step up or down the input voltage.
➢ RECTIFIER: The rectifier converts the AC input voltage to DC voltage.
➢ FILTER: The filter removes the high- frequency components from the DC output
voltage.
These are also of two types:-
Capacitor filter and RC filter
➢ REGULATOR: The regulator regulates the DC output voltage to a specific value.
➢ OUTPUT : The output is the DC voltage that is supplied to the load
 Types of power supplies:-
There are major two types of power supplies are:-
➢ Unregulated power supply
➢ Regulated power supply
Regulated power supply are also further divided into linearly regulated and switched mode.

Unregulated power supply :-

An Unregulated Power Supply is the
simplest of power supplies to construct.
Nearly all electronic devices and circuits
require some form of a DC power source for
their Operation supplied from either from a
battery, solar cell or mains connected
unregulated power supply.
Advantages of Unregulated power supply:-
Unregulated power supply is commonly used in low-power electronic devices that do not
require a stable voltage, such as small radios and toys. The main advantage of an
unregulated power supply is that it is simple and less expensive than regulated power
supply. It does not require complex circuits, which makes it easier to design and
manufacture.
Disadvantages of Unregulated power supply:-
Poor Regulation – When the load varies, the output does not appear constant. The output
voltage changes by a great value due to the huge change in the current drawn from the
supply. This is mainly due to the high internal resistance of the power supply (>30 Ohms).
AC Supply Main Variations – The maximum variations in AC supply mains is give or take 6%
of its rated value. But this value may go higher in some countries (180-280 volts). When
the value is higher it’s DC voltage output will differ largely.
Temperature Variation – The use of semiconductor devices in electronic devices may cause
variation in temperature.
 Regulated power supply:-
A regulated power supply converts unregulated AC (Alternating Current) to a constant DC (Direct Current). A
regulated power supply is used to ensure that the output remains constant even if the input changes.
A regulated DC power supply is also known as a linear power supply, it is an embedded circuit and consists of
various blocks.

Advantages of
Regular power supply:-
➢ Regulated power supplies are
relatively more reliable.
➢ Regulated power supplies have
less complex circuit and less weight.
➢ Regulated power supplies give faster .
response.
 The cost and noise level of the regulated power supplies is low.
Voltage regulation
It is a circuit that supplies constant voltage regardless of changes in the
load current.

Need for regulation

➢ Without stable potential, circuit performance degrades and if the
variations are large enough the components may get destroyed.
➢ In order to avoid this problem regulation is used.

Advantages of IC Voltage Regulator are:

➢ Inexpensive
➢ Versatile
➢ Provide current / voltage boosting
➢ Internal short circuit current limiting
Types of IC voltage regulators:
➢ Fixed output voltage regulators: Positive fixed output regulator(78XX series) and negative
fixed output regulator(79XX series).
➢ Adjustable output voltage regulators: Positive (LM317) and negative(LM337).

Performance parameters:
➢ Line or input regulation:- Defined as a change in output voltage for a change in input
voltage.
➢ Load regulation:- Defined as the change in output voltage for a change in
load current.
➢ Ripple rejection:- It is the measure of regulator's ability to reject ripple voltage.
➢ It is usually expressed in decibels.
➢ The smaller the value of these performance parameters the better the regulator.
FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR:
a)Positive voltage regulator:-
➢ The 78XX voltage regulators.
➢ Proper operation requires a
common ground between the input
and output voltages.
7805 as current source:-
➢ The 7805 regulators can also be
employed as current sources.
➢ A typical connection diagram of
7805 IC as a 0.5 A current source is
depicted in figure.
b) Negative voltage regulation:-
➢ Negative voltage regulator IC's are available in 79XX series.
➢ These IC's are similar to the 78 series, but operating on
negative voltage, and providing a regulated negative output
voltage.
➢ The capacitors connected at the input and output sides are
used to provide additional filter circuits of regulator circuits.
Basic Features of 78xx and 79xx:
 78XX:
➢ 3 terminal positive voltage regulator
with nine voltage options
➢ High Output Current-typically 1.5A
➢ Short circuit current limit- 750mA at 5v
➢ Max input voltage = 35v
➢ Minimum Input Voltage-Vout+ 2.5.
➢ Different value of 78XX has different
value of voltages.
 79XX:
➢ Same as that of 78XX series except
that 79XX series are
negative regulators.
➢ They are available in same seven
voltage options with two extra
voltage options,-2V and -5.2V.
➢ As Same of 78XX, different
value79XX has different value of
voltages.
 ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
Adjustable voltage regulators are those who
voltage can be varied and utilized.
Advantages of adjustable voltage regulators
➢ Improved system performance
➢ Improved overload protection
➢ Improved system reliability
Example: LM317
1) Positive Adjustable Voltage Regulators-
➢ The LM317 is a three terminal positive voltage
regulator, which can be operated with the output
voltage regulated at any setting over the range of 1.2 V
to 57 V.
➢ The three terminals are Vin. Vout and
Adjustment(adj).
2) Negative Adjustable Voltage Regulators-
➢ The LM337 series of voltage regulators are a
complement of LM317 series.
➢ They are negative adjustable voltage regulators
➢ These negative voltage regulators are available in the
same voltage and current options as the positive
adjustable voltage regulator LM317.