Heat Exchanger:

A heat Exchanger is a device used to transfer to heat between

two or more fluids. The fluid can be single or two phase and depending on the
exchanger type; may be separated or indirect current.

Types of heat exchanger by flow configuration:

There are four basic flow configuration.
1) Counter flow.
2) Co – current flow.
3) Cross flow.
4) Hybrids such as counter flow & multi-pass flow.

Counter current flow:

In this type two fluids flow parallel to each other but in
opposite in direction. This type of flow arrangement exchanger allow the largest
change in temperature of both fluids and is therefore must efficient.

Co-current flow:
In this type of flow heat exchangers fluids flow parallel to each
other & in the same direction. Co-current flow is less efficient then counter current
flow.

Cross flow:
In this type of heat exchangers are in between counter current
flow & parallel flow exchangers.
Cross-counter flow:
In industrial heat exchangers hybrids of the above flow
types are often found.

Types of multi-pass heat exchanger:

On the basis of flow arrangement the multi-pass heat Exchanger
can be classified as
1) Shell and Tube heat exchanger
2) Plate heat exchanger
3) Extended heat exchanger

Multi-pass heat exchanger may be either single in corporate cross flow,

counter flow or co-current flow. Typically heat exchangers utilize combination of
these flow patterns to maximize thermal efficiency.
Fluids in multi-pass heat exchanger are looped back to flow by each other
multiple times.

Shell and tube heat exchanger:

Shell & tube heat exchanger consists of a Series of
round or rectangular tubes surrounded or enclosed in a larger typically cylindrical
shaped shell or casing. The target fluids runs inside these tubes while the second
fluids flow over them inside the shell. The flow of the secondary fluids is directed
by fixed valves in the shell known as baffles, which also provide support for the
bundles of tubes.
Shell & tube heat exchanger are most versatile type and account for nearly
60% of all heat exchangers used. They can be used in both high and low
temperature & pressure environments & are particularly suited for high presser
application because of their robust construction. They provide a comparatively
large ratio of heat transfer.
Merits:
 Widely known and under stood.
 Most versatile based on type of service.
 Widest range of allowable and temperature.
 Rugged mechanically construction.

Demerits:
 Less thermal efficiency than other types
 Subject to flow induced vibration
 Not well suited for temperature cross condition
 Contain stagnant zones cause corrosion

Industrial application:
1) Foods, Beverages & Dairy
2) Compressor cooling
3) Metal & mining
4) Refrigeration
5) Pulp & paper
Plate heat exchangers:
A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that use metal
plate to transfer heat between two fluids. The hot & cold fluids alternate between
each of the plates 7 baffles direct the fluids flow between them. Plates are more
efficient comparatively than size tube because of their corrugation and large
surface area. Unfortunately, it is difficult to make reliable seals for longer gaskets
between these plates often limiting these heat exchanger to smaller scale.
Application they are often used in low viscous application with improvements in
gaskets design & heat exchanger design.

Merits:
 Low initial purchase cost
 Many configuration available
 Higher heat transfer efficiency
 Lower fouling factor due to turbulent in the exchanger

Demerits:
 Narrow range of allowable pressure & temperature
 Narrow flow paths are subject to plugging
 Gasket units require specialized opening & closing procedure
 Material selection is critical due to thin wall thickness

Application:
 Caustic soda
 Petrochemical industry
 Textile
 Oil cooling
Extended surface heat exchangers:
From conventional free standing ribbon wound transformer oil coolers
through to engine mounted charge air cooler & duct mounted air heated.
They cause flexible approach to manufacturing & customer service shines
through in this diverse range of product .At its core you will find our serck
in 1970 lives on today.
Replacements charge air cooler built to the highest of the industry
standards and for the harshest of environments continue to the built to serial
number data only by thermo.

Application:
1) Compressor inter cooler
2) Compressor after cooler
3) Air separation