ant known fact that Way athletes Can

contribution improving psychological power

in
DEVELOPMENTAL
DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERI STI CS AT physiologicai power
essential for all of us to DIFFERENT STAGES OF
rst of all, it is
f
growth and really
sVnonymously. Ifdevelopment?
we try to Generally, know what are the
we comne to
understand growth and meaning
that know that
thnere is a
clear-cut
there is
hardly
the
any meaning
specific
of development
growth and
are
used
growth means the growthdifference
of between the twodifference.
words.
development.
But the reality is
weight, whereas physical organs As a
matter of
has a detailedwhether it is in shape, size, fact,
is a part of
more than that.
development
development. The development doesmeaning in In fact, height
not mean itself.
only growth butgrowth
According to
consists of a Hurlock, Development is not
it is
the goal of progressive series of changes oflimited to growing
larger instead it
In fact, maturity."
growth is related to the
an orderly, coherent type towards
individual, whereas development ischange in size,
an
individual such as physical related to theweight and height of any
changes in all aspects of
development, development,
up to a certainemotional development, motor mnental development, social
the process of
age. Generally, after maturity development,
growth does
etc. Growth is limited
It appears thatdevelopment is a long
the direction and
not take place,
process, which continues whereas
approximately remain pattern growth and
of throughout the life.
the same. in reality the development children
of
of every child
take place accordingBut to his own growth and development
has his own pattern of schedule. It means every
01 growth and development. During the
growth, various changes child
motor related to physical, mental, social, different stages
development take place. For ease of emotional and
and development can understanding
be classified into the the stages of growth
characteristics. following stages along with their
Psychology and Sports 9.5
 Phys

adoles

Infancy years of age 1s called infancy. At

birth to the end of 2 very fast. this devel
The stage
stage, the
from
of memorygrasping
alao increases.
power of infant's
His/her
an brain becomes
thinking ability also increases His/her He/she
power chang

accordingly. His/her
know new words înereases.
understands the language clearly
He/she and speaks
starts understanding capability
to
the simple conversation
increases.
Durin

gils.

of adults. At this stage, the curiosity drive of the child also

the answers of etder They
try to start
&

ask various questions and

are easily satisfied by
their Control persons,
stage but they do not have
musc

Children are enmotional at this

or display their emotions through Over adole
emotions. They usually exhibit
In daily life, they forget their emot1ons SuCh as sorrow an
skill activities.
happiness, after some time. At this stage, the behaviour of children depends they
themselves busy in such activities in
2. Me
upon imaginations. They keep the fairy talewhich theyAt
this use their
can stage, imaginations.
they learn activities
listen
like toto
Theyrelated or watch stories.
motor skill such as walking, runn1ng,
buti
Som

catching, throwing, etc. In this way, they start using their physical stag
Jumping. balanced way. Social sentiment.
organs and sensory organs in a
organs, internal the
strong in them. "They do, what they like
and emotions related to self-love become der
and leave aside what they don't like. thr
Childhood Du
12th vear
Childhood stage begins from the 3rd year and ends by the end of the muscBes ea
on their
At this stage, the children are able to have enough control TH
Their development becomes very fast during the first three years and later on.
i.e., till 12th year their development becomes strong and vigorous. At this stage.
children spend most of their timne playing. Their neuro-muscular coordination t
becomes efficient enough. At this stage, the concentration power of the children
increases, but they cannot concentrate for a long time. Their thinking ability
increases at a faster rate. Their power of memory, logic, thinking and decision
making increases remarkably. Till the end of this stage, they learn to control
their emotions. Emotionally,they become stable and optimistic. They also learn
to control their behaviour. In childhood, they do not like any question on ther
self-esteem and self-respect.
During this stage, social qualities develop in them very quickly. They like to play
with children of their age.They are able to adjust their behaviour in the society:
owing to the appropriate development of social qualities.
At this stage, children are more courageous, imaginative, resourceful
adventurous. They usually blindly follow the persons whom they admire. T
like to copy the deeds and actions of their famous heroes about whom they ne
read or watch. At this stage, they have the best motor learning ability.
Adolescence
Adolescence is a stage of complex changes, which begins after childhood andends
before adulthood. Generally, it is supposed that the adolescent stage begins from
9.6
Health and Physical Education-X
 INmas till 19 years.
The
Duringthis stage, the growth of
dtlerent characteristics adolescents
of this stage are
depicted
Physical Charaeteristics:\t this stage, the growth
lent period, many physical becomes very fast: In
changes take
ilopment of internal and external sexual organs place spontaneously. The
ens take plae in girls and bovs from the verv begins, Many physical
arns the eno ot l3to 14 veas, varous changes can beginning of this stage.
be seen,especially in
rs The eot grls beomes sott, sweet and light.
Moustaches and beards
start appeng on the tae of bovs, Generally, the height, weight, bones,
musle wer and other physical organs of bOvs and girls begin to mature. As
adoiesents do not have a complete knowledge about such physical changes,
thev beOme restless, impatient. worried and upset naturally.
2 Mental Characteristics: Physical and mental growth go hand in hand.
but it is not applicable for all the adolescents. It has been seen in case of
some adolescents that thev lag behind in mental growth in the earlier
stages, though they achieve physical maturity much earlier. In fact.
they achieve mental growth later on, when they are able to go into the
depth of things. Adolescents become interested in viewing and reading
thrilling novels and stories, imaginative stories and cartoons and fictions.
During adolescence, the ability to criticise and take decision, and the
are developed.
eagerness or curiosity for novel thoughts and ideals
people, places and
They are curious to know more and more about the self-independence. At
principles. They demand self-respect, dignity and They become worried.
tension.
this stage, they remain under stress and
They have high aspirations.
Some are unable to adjust with other people.
remain mentally absent in the
They also indulge in day-dreaming. They are neither children nor adults.
they
classes and also at home. At this stage,
their behaviour become aggressive. They themselves do not know
Sometimes,
where to gofor guidance as well as directions or advice in
what to do and matter of fact, they need a healthy
personal needs. As a
the matters of their sense of direction.
environment, proper guidance and a emotions.
Characteristics: The life of an adolescent is full of
3. Emotional emotions, he/she performs such uphill tasks,
Under the influence of such adolescent
impossible in the beginning. Ross says, "The
which seem to be which we can see once more the rhythm of
life in
lives an intensely emotional behaviour in his constant alternation between
of
positive and negative phasesdepression. "Sometimes, the adolescents
become
Lntense excitement and deep at the top of the world and sometimes,
feel themselves Usually, they are
so hyper that they disappointment.
they find themselves in the state of deep fly high in world ofday dreaming
emnotional variance. Sometimes, they themselves like a bird whose
atan they feel
imaginations while at other times
and 9.7

Psychology and Sports

 are unable to have proper
wings have been clipped. They greed, hate, jealousy, etc. Control
emotions such as anger, love.
disrespect and disgrace. Sometimes, they do not even
liko oyer th
Theyhecannot
4.
or guidance given by
Social
selected
someone.
Characteristics: Usually, the adolescents adont a way, whi
but the
by them the soeiety creates various obstacles in
sugesti
such a condition, adolescents revolt against the traditions and
this stage, friends are very
important to
of the society. During
exchange their views, knowledge
always long for leadership and
and experiences with
one
,them.Thehy
specific recognition in the arnotherT
better than others.They have society.
interest to
to present themselves
in recreational activities, viz.,
picnic, dancing, music,
partipa
trekking,
mountaineering, sports, etc. By participating in such activities,
socially acceptable qualities.
they devds,
5. Motor Characteristics: Motor
coordination tends to improve HEIGHTAND AGE
during this stage. Improvement HEIGHI
is also seen in coordinative
abilities which result in better
motor learning abilities. There is
a rapid development of maximum
strength and explosive strength
in boys as compared to girls.
The performance in various
Sports improves at a faster
rate during this stage with
continuous participation and Stages of development
regular exercise.
Adulthood
Generally,adulthood beginsaround 20 years of age. It consistsof early,midat
and late stages. Each stage has its own characteristics:
1. Physical Development: Early adulthood
to 40 years. In this stage, our
usually remains from 20 yea
maturation is complete. However, ourheigh
and body weight may increase slightly. In this
are at their apex, including stage, our physical ao
muscular strength, reaction time and sensor
abilities. Most of theathletes remain at the top Wome
may gain additional weight owing to child bearing.during thisadulthood
Middle stage. begis
from 40 years and continues up to 60 years of age. There is a Sradual
physical decline. Our skin loses some elasticity and wrinkles are usual
seen on face. By this time, tent. Womet
may feel slow declhne in visuality decreases to some exTent ot
up
fertility they approach towards menopause.amon!
genders tend to gain weight.
as
Most probably fat
 males. Hair begins to turn grey during this stage. Later adulthood begins
atter60years of. age. During this stage, skin continues to lose its elasticity.
eir Rexctiontime usually begins to slow down further. Muscular
ar
strength
decreases. Sensory organs like eyes, ears, nose, tongue, etc., begin to
declinetheir capacities to smell, taste, hearing and vision significantly.
brain may also no longer function at optimumn level. It may lead to
problems like loss of memory, dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Cognitive Development: During adulthood, there are numerous changes
incognitive development. As a matter of fact, cognitive development during
adulthood isa complex, ever changing process that may be even more active
than cognitive development in infancy and early childhood. Our cognitive
abilities remain steady during early and middle adulthood. However,
in late adulthood we may begin to observe a decline in another area of
our cognitive abilities, i.e., information processing abilities, reasoning
and memory. These processes become slower. A person, who engages in
mentally and physically stimulating activities feel less cognitive decline.
They are not likely to face dementia.
3. Social Development: Adults begin to focus on building stronger
relationships. They are concerned with buildingtheir careers, raising children
with caring for
and engaging in other activities. They are also concerned
others and try to make the world a better place. They start behaving in a
certainsocial needs
mature manner. In late adulthood, it iscommon that
demands of
increase requiring increased practical support to manage the
Greater
everyday life due to decreased physical and cognitive capabilities.
emotional support is required to cope with segregation. They have fewer
social ties and are more likely to be living alone and engage in fewer social
activities.

3. ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

Meaning of Adolescence WESOME
THATS
The word 'adolescence' is derived from the
Latin word 'adolesceker' which means "to
Rrow to-maturity." In fact, it is a period
o uncertain beginning and ending that
annot be dated exactly. But,is generally,it is
the age of 13
 INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES-ATTENTION,
RESILIENCE, MENTAL TOUGHNESS
attributes,are the specific
chological
and thought. These
characteristics of a person that influence
behavior attributes are very
significant
hentryngto understand the reason for someone's behavior. to
consider
Here, our main
ancernis,about the psychological attributes of sportspersons or athletes such as
ttention, resilienceand mental toughness. These psychological attributes play
effectiverole in sports performance. These attributes are described below.
rery
A)Attention
Attentionin the field
of games and sports is extremely important aspect of
That is why the term "attention is very
preparation for competition.
mental sports and athletes do consider that it is very significant
ommonin the field of
performance. Along this, it is said that in sports,nothing can be more
orsports attention to the object at hand.
mportant than paying
isthe ability of an athlete / sportsperson to keep on task. It is
Attention concentration. In fact, attention involves focusing mental
or
uSually called focusenvironmental cues and maintaining that attention. The most
efforts on relevant field of sport was developed by Robert Neideffer
in the
nODular mnodel of attentiondimensions
proposed the of attention:
in1976. He
A. Direction Dimension
B.Width Dimension
further divided into External Attention Focus
Dimension: It is
(a) Direction
and Internal Attention Focus. attention focus is when an
Focus: External
(i) External Attention outward either to an object or
to an
athlete's attention is directed may be
movements. An example of external attention focus
opponent's i°
the crowd must be silent when the players are playing and
in tennis, able to focus on the game and ther
player may not be
they are not, the
performance may be hindered. sportsperson s
Attention Focus: This is when an athlete's /
(ii) Internal
and feelings. An example of
focus is directed to their personal thoughts mentally preparing before
internal attention focus is when a gymnast is
doing a flip. Narrow
Attention Focus and
(b) Width Dimension: It is divided into Broad
Attention Focus. athlete to
focus allows an
(i) Broad Attention Focus: Broad attention of attentionfocus
thist type
perceive variousthings simultaneously. Indeed,
aware
sportsperson hasto be
where an athletel
1s veryimportantin sports 9.17

Sychology and Sports

 because the situntionis
of several things at atime
basketball player is dribbling n
ball persistedown
ntly he
(themaye,gap%chn giInnc,u nthe
For example, when apersistentlychangng. Anotherexamnl
theirenvironmentis
wntch the ball.
batting in cricket,the batter needs to shot in order look
field to know where totrv and play the to make
runs.

(ii) Narrow Attention Focus: It occurs

when an
atfocusing ma x i m m
hlete/sportspersaotlnentin
example of narrOW
Asmall amount of information to take in. Anonly
focus is in a 100 msprint as the athleteis on
stayingin the right line and make sure he gets a good start.
Consequently, both the width dimension and direction
himself like
considered when commenting or reviewing an athlete's dimensIon
performance. need
(B)Resilience
Resilience in sports psychology is the main factor of sports activities
the sports performance largely depends upon resiliency of Concerned
Resilience can be defined as the bouncing back of an individual
beatchaluestee..
traumatic experiences or disturbances. Resilience is the ability to
cope
from any
oremotionally with a crisis or to return to pre-crisis status quickly. mental y
exists when the person uses mental process and behaviours
in
personal assets and protecting self from negative effects of stressors, In sim
Respromotiliencging
words,resilience exists in individuals who develop psychological and
capabilities that allow them to remain calm during crisis and to move behavioual
incident without long term negative consequences. In other words, on from the
is defined as the capacity to recover from 'Resilience!'
difficult life events.
Most people think of resilience as the ability to bend but
back, and perhaps even grow in the face of not tobreak, bounc:
adverse life experiences.
American Psychological Association defines resilience as "the proces
of adapting well in the face of
significant sources of stress". adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or even
Resilience can be
fact, resilience relates todefined as the ability or
the ability to bounce back tendency to bounce back. In
under pressure. A resilient and also to work on coptg
maximum performer
toachieve the end goal. will look at each task and perform to
can use to build self Resilience ais
characteristic that pertorie
confidence with the use of
resilience is from tennis mental skills. Agood example
during the where players /
performers fight back from 2setsdown
Types of tournaments
or
Resilience competitions.
There are the
following types of resilience, each of
ability to cope with person's
1. various forms of stress. which can influence
Physical
with changeResilience: Physical deals
and recovers from resilience refers to hOw our body
9.18 demands, injuries in sports Education-xI
and illnesses

Health and Physical

 Mental Resilience: Mental resilience refers to a
person's abilityto adapt.
2 tochange and uncertainty. People who have this type of resilience are
flexible.and renmain calm during the time of crisis.
Emotional Resilience: Emotional resilience regulates
emotiong during
8.thetimes of stress. Resilient persons are well-aware of their emotional
reactionsand tend to be in touch with their inner life.
Social Resilience: Social resilience involves the ability of groups tn
4. recoverfirom difficult situations. It involves individuals Connecting with
working together to eradicate or solve problems that affect
othersand
peoplebothindividually
and collectively.
Factorsthat Help
in Building Resilience
resilience is veryimportant for athletes/ sportspersons in enhancing their
As performance, it is essential to have resilience. There are various factors
sorts
inbuilding resilience.
These are stated below.
thathelp support: Social support is helpful in building resilience. It may
Social
1. community and other organisations.
include family, friends,
in building resilience. It
aSelf-esteem: Self-esteem plays an effective role adversity.
face of
can saveoff feelings of helplessness in the people's
Communication skills: Communication skills help in seeking
take action.
Support, mobilize resources and
Self-talk: Self-talk also helps athletes to concentrate better. They have
A
more resilhency.
abilities: If athletes have ample
5. Confidence in one's strength and definitely have resiliency.
confidence in their strength and abilities, they
impulses and feelings: Athletes tend to be
6. Ability to manage strong strong impulses and feelings.
more resilient if they have ability tomanage
developing growth mindset.
7. By developing a growth mindset: By
athletes may be mnore resilient.
habits is an
8. Managing Stress: Building healthy stress management
effective way toenhance overall resilience.
(C) Mental Toughness
of sports
Mental toughness is a concept that has emerged from the fieldsports it has
enhancing performance in
peychology. Due to its significant role in
world. Usually, it is observed
that
taken up a permanent place in the sports recruits
atwhohleappear
tes maketo have
great aefforts to be mentally tough and even coaches seek
tough mindset. But the question still remains: What does
I mean to have mental toughness in sports and games? Mental toughness is
a measure of an individual's ability to be resilient, have contidence, remain

Competitiveand toughness
In fact, mental refers toinantheir
Overcome adversity life. abilityto persist in theface of
athlete's
usedto refer
cPsychol
hal engeosgy, and Sports
mistakes and failure. "Mental toughness" is frequently
9.19
 that helps an individual to cope with
0 any set of positive
situations.
attributes
to Jones, Hanton and Connaughton, mental toughnss ja difieulh
According
developed psvchological edge that enables
"Having the natural or : with the many demands
training.
generally,lifestyle)thatthan
cope better your opponents
(competitin
sport placeson a performer: specially, be more ConSistet
and better than your opponents in remaining detemined, focused. Conident and

inAccording
control under pressure:
to Bedard-Thom,"Mental toughness is a psychological resours
challenging goals when faced with stress that
to achieve pi
that helps you doubt."
The skillin of
yOur success mental toughness is easiest to learn as a child durine
adolescence. The sooner one learns howto remain mentally tough. the easer

sports and life willbecome. / sportspersons

for athletes
Benefits of mental toughness toughness for athletes / sportspersn
benefits of mental
There are the following with good mental toughness rema.
Positivity: Athletes
1. Increased Remaining positive greatly improves spor:
positive in every situation.
performance. sot:
Motivation: Motivation plays a vital role in increasing
2. Improves toughness improves motivation. Indeed, cultivating
performance. Mental remain motivated and working in
an athlete to
mental toughness helps
you want to accomplish.
the direction of your goalwhich
Resilience: When you proceed to accomplish your goal. som:
3. Better When you are in such a situation, mental
setbackS are almost guaranteed.
your ability to be resilient in the face of adversitr:.
toughness enhances
self-belief: Developing high levels of mental toughnes
4. Improved doubts away. When self-belief s
strengthens our mindset and keep self
becomes easy for athletes togive better performance in sports
improved it
the ability to face criticism: It is but natural for ever
5. Improves having improved mentu
individual to face criticism in our life. After not hinder vour attento
will
toughness, criticism will become neutral, It
Consequently, you can accomplish your goal easily.
toughness
Characteristics of anindividual whohave mental
1. Resilient in every situation.
defeat.
2. Having an ability to bounce back from
Intrinsically and extrinsically motivated.
4. Fully confident.
5. Committed to excellence.
goal.
6. Having strong desire and willingness to achieve
7. Well organised. ralEducation
 Persistentas well as
determined.
to detail.
Having attenton
9.Havingthe ability to expend their energy on things that enhance sports
10. pertornnance.
despite failures,
Remain persistent
11. Able to pursue
excellence, not perfection.
concern with their talents and
abilities.
Having to find solution.
13. Don't make excuses but try
focus on goal.
Having strong
14.
15.

Exercises
Mark)
Choice Questions (Carrying1
Multiple
correct answer. is it?
Choose the
of human behaviour." Whose statement
isthe science (d) Singer
"Psychalogy (c) Woodworth
(b) Watson strife."Whose statement is
aPillsbury strain,storm and
great stressand
"adolescence is theperiod of
it? (b) Crow and Crow
(a) Watson (dt None of the above
Clarke
(c) Clarke and behaviour". Whose statement is it?
3. "Psychology is the positive science of (c) Ross
(d) Woodworth
(b) Pillsbury it?
Vaatson behaviour is athletics?" Whose statement is
explores one's
4. "Sports psychology (b) Brown and
Makoney
Singer (d) Wood worth
(c) K. M. Burns of sports psychology?
following is the importance
5. Which one of the emotions
capacities (b) Helps in controlling
(a) Enhances physiological \dAl of the above
skills
(c) Assists to learn motor
following is not the problem of adolescence?
D. Which one of the importance
b Lackof feeling of
(a) Mental problems (d) Social problems
by
(c) Lack of stability and adjustment child tries to be capable of doing
everything
a
7. "Adolescence is that period in which
himself." Whose statement is it? (d) Jersield
(b) Stanley Hall Sadler
(a) Watson
8. Sports psychology helps us in: (b) Upderstanding behaviour
(a) Controlling emotions
to All of these
(C) Enhancing physiological capacities Assertion (A) and Reason
(R).
9. Given below are the twO statements labeled
positive science of behaviour.
Assertion (A): Psychology is the controlling emotions.
not help in
Reason (R): sports psychology does 9.21
 In the context of the abovetwostatements, which one of the following Is correct?
(AL
(R)is the correct explanation of
are true and correct explanation of (A).
(a) Both (A) and (R) true, but (R) is not the
are
(b) Both (A)and(R)
e is true,but (R) is false.
is true.
(d) (A) is false, but (R)
related to?
10. Adolescence stage is (b) 7-12 years
(a) 9-3 years (d) 9-19 years
No13-19 years
11. Psyche'is related to: Vesoul
(a) behaviour (d) none of these
(c) science
and perception are related t0:
12. Change in the memory (b) social development
(a) physical development (d) emotionaldevelopment
mental development
13. Who is the father of Psychology?
(a) Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
(d) Woodworth
(c) Watson
14. Given beloware the two statements labelled Assertion (A)and Reason (P)
Assertion (A): Adolescence is a period through which agrowing person makec ,
transition from childhood to maturity.
Reason (R): It is also period which leads toturbulence andit is often in behaiou
changes.
In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct2
oBoth (A) and (R)are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A)is false, but (R)is true.
15. Team Cohesion is affected by which one of
the following factors?
(a) Size of the group
(c) Inter dependency (b) Time
t Allof these
16. Which one of the following is not
correct about the characteristics of
(a) They are curious to know
about more and adolescents
(b) They demand more about people and places.
self-respect, dignity and
(c) They usually remain independence.
They never become
under stress and tension.
17. Whose staternent is this,aggressive.
"First psychology lost its soul Thenitlostis
Conscigusness.
taj Woodworth
It still has
behaviour of a
sort."?
Thenit lost its mind.
(c) Crow and (b) Watson
18. Crow
Which one of the
(a)The life of following is not correct? (d) Ross
Vocational adolescent
(b) is full of
guidance should be emotions.
provided to
9.22
adolescents.
Healthia and Physical Education-
 Adolescentsdo not have social problems.
Sportspsychology plays asignificant role in preparing athletes for sports competitiorns.
(d) affects team cohesion?
of the following
Which one ar Allof these
14.(a)Satisfaction (b) Popularity (c) Similarity
Which one ofithe following is not helpful in improving team cohesion?
0. mperamentcollision (b) Set team goals
ic) Encourage communication (d) Celebrate success as a team

and strife." Whose staternent

"adolescence is the period of great stress and strain, storm
21.
is it?
(a) Watson (b) Crow and Crow
Vd None of the above
ic) Clarke and Clarke
group.
7 The stage of infancy is for the age
(c) 6-8 years (d) 9-12 years
ao2 years (b) 3-5 years
23. Earlyadulthood remains from of these
20-40 years (b) 40-65 years (c) 65 years &above(d) None
psychological attribute?
24. Which one of the followingis,not a (c) Resilience
(d) Mental Toughness
(a) Attention o Motivation
to as:
beck in the face of adversity is referred
25. An individual's ability to bounce (c) Anxiety
(d) Self-confidence
(a) Stressor o Resilience
Marks)
Short Answer Questions-i (Carrying 2
1. Clarify the meaning of Sports Psychology.
controlling emotions during sports
competitions?
psychology help in
2. How does sports Discuss in brief.
in learning motor skills?
Does sports psychology assistenhance physiological capacities of sportspersons ? Discuss
3.
4. How does sports psychology
brief.
during adolescence? Discuss in
in brief.
changes do take place
5. Which emotional
adolescence.
6. Clarify the meaning of
7. Define team cohesion. cohesion.
task cohesion and social
8. Differentiate between
9. What is attention?
attention focus?
10. What is broad
11. What is resilience?
mental toughness?
12. What do you mean by
3 Marks)
Short Answer Questions-!l (Carrying
and sports psychology.
1. Define the terms psychology Adolescents.
2. Discuss any three problems of the problems of adolescents.
you can manage
points through which
3. Discussany three psychology in brief.
sports
4. Discuss the importance of affect team cohesion.
factors which
3. Discuss any three are helpful in improving
team cohesion.
three points that
0. Elaborate any developmental characteristics during infancy.
1. Elaborate the
9.23
Psychology and Sports
 chçdhood
Vescribe the developmental characteristics during
O. adulthood
Discuss the developmental characteristics of
3. resiience
that heip in building
10. Discuss any six factors
11. DiscUss the types of resilience
attention
12. Discuss the dimensions of

CASE STUDY-BASED QUESTIONS

4 Marks)
Short Answer Questions-l (Carrying characteristics of a person
Psvchological attributes are the specific that
1. signiticant to
behaviour and thought. These
attributes are very
considet when
someone's behaviour. Here, our main Concern
understand the reason for
or athletes such as attention,
psychological attributes of sportspersons
attributes play a very
mental toughness. These psychological effective role in
performance.
following questions:
On the basis of above passage, answer the
() Attention is the of an athlete/sportsperson to keep on tas
(in) There are various such as attention, resilience and mental
(i) can be defined as the ability or tendency to bounce back
toughnes
(iv) With good ,athletes/sportspersons stay positive in every sih ax
Or

Mental toughness motivation.

Long Answer Questions (Carrying 5 Marks)

1. What do you mean by psychology? Explain the importance of psychology in sports.
2. Explain the problems of adolescence in detail.
3. Elucidate the management of problems of adolescence.
4. What do you mean by team cohesion. Discuss the types of team cohesion. How can vo.
improve team cohesion in a team?
s. What is team cohesion? Elucidate the factors which affect team cohesion.
6. Explain the developmental characteristics of adolescence.
7. Discuss the developmental characteristics of infancy and childhood stages.
8. Discuss the developmental characteristics of adolescence in detail.
9. Elucidate the developmental characteristics of childhood and adulthood in detail.
10. What do you mean by attention? Discuss the dimensions of
attention.
11, What is resilience? Discuss the types of
resilience.
12. What is mental toughness? Explain the benefits of mental
toughness for athletes.
13. Discuss the role of various psychological attributes which enhance sports performan

9.24 Education-XI
Health and Physical
ANSWERS
MultipleChoice Questions
(orrectanswers
1. (a)Pillsbury 2. (d) None of the above 3. (a) Watson
4. (a) Singer 5. (d) Alof the above
6. (b)Lack of feeling of importance 7. (c) Sadler
8. (d) AIlof these 9. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
10. (c) 13-19 years 11. (b) soul
12. (c) mental development 13. (b) Wilhelm Wundt
14. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
15. (d)All of these 16. (d) They never become aggressive
17. (a) Woodworth 18. (c) Adolescents do not have social problems.
19. (d) Ailof these 20. (a) Temperament collision
21. (d) None of the above 22. (a) 0-2 years 23. (a) 20-40 years
24. (b) Motivation 25. (b) Resilience