MDP

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STRUCTURAL THEORY I

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Analysis of Statically
Determinate Trusses
CHAPTER 3

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Objectives

At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize various types of trusses

2. Identify Zero-Force Members
3. Calculate the internal and external forces of Simple,
Compound, Complex and Space trusses

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Content
3.1 Types and classification of trusses
3.2 Determinacy and Stability
3.3 Zero-Force Members
3.4 Method of Joints
3.5 Method of Sections
3.6 Compound trusses
3.7 Complex trusses
3.8 Space trusses
3.9 Use of structural analysis software

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3.1 Types and Classification of Trusses

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A truss is an assemblage of straight members connected at
their ends by flexible connections to form a rigid configuration.
Because of their light weight and high strength, trusses are
widely used, and their applications range from supporting
bridges and roofs of buildings.

Modern trusses are constructed by connecting members, which

usually consist of structural steel or aluminum shapes or wood
struts, to gusset plates by bolted or welded connections.

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3.1 Types and Classification of Trusses

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Members of a truss are slender and not capable of
supporting large lateral loads. Loads must be applied
at the joints.

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3.1 Types and classification of trusses

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Assumptions for Design:
➢ All loadings are applied at the joints
➢ Weight of members is neglected
➢ If weight is to be considered, then it has to be divided equally at both ends
➢ The members are joined together by smooth pins
➢ If welding or bolting to a common plate was used, then the center lines of
connecting members must be concurrent

F F
TENSION
▪ If the force is pulling on the pin
▪ Forces tend to elongate the member TENSION

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COMPRESSION COMPRESSION
▪ If the force is pushing on the pin
▪ Forces tend to shorten the member F F

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Simple trusses

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A compound truss is formed by connecting two or more simple trusses together.

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A complex truss is one that cannot be classified as being either simple or
compound

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3.2 Determinacy and Stability

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j = Total number of joints.
b = Total number of bars.
r = Minimum number of reactive components required for external stability/determinacy

In particular, the degree of indeterminacy is specified by the difference in the numbers (b + r) – 2j.

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3.2 Determinacy and Stability

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Sample Problem 3.1

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3.3 Zero-Force Members

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➢ members which supports no loading
➢ are just used to increase the stability of the truss
during construction and to provide support if the
applied loading is changed.
➢ can be determined by visual inspection of its joints

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3.3 Zero-Force Members

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Case 1: If only two members form a truss joint and no
external load or support reaction is applied to the joint,
the member must be a ZERO-FORCE members.

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3.3 Zero-Force Members

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Case 2: If the member form a truss joint for which
two of the members are collinear, the third member is
a ZERO-FORCE member provided no external load or
support reaction is applied to the joint.

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Class Drill!

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Is there a zero force member in the truss?

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Class Drill!

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Is there a zero force member in the truss?

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Class Drill!

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Identify the zero-force members for the trusses shown.

(c)

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(a) (b)

(d)

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3.4 Method of Joints

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Sample Problem 3.2

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Sample Problem 3.3

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3.5 Method of Sections

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Sample Problem 3.4

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Sample Problem 3.5

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3.6 Compound trusses

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Sample Problem 3.6

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Sample Problem 3.7

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3.7 Complex trusses

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Method of Substitute Members

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Sample Problem 3.8

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3.8 Space trusses

Space trusses, because of their shape, arrangement of

members, or applied loading, cannot be subdivided
into plane trusses for the purposes of analysis and
must, therefore, be analyzed as three-dimensional
structures subjected to three-dimensional force
systems

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Case 1. Case 2.

FD= 0
σ Fz = 0
FB= 0

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FD= 0

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Sample Problem 3.9

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