why address such a ‘dull’ topic in such

an exiting scenery?

Harmonisation of terminology
Dermal Exposure

TNO Quality of Life

CEN TC 137 WG 6 DERK BROUWER et al.

Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 1 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 2

Background
• Mechanisms of dermal exposure What are the origins of Dermal Exposure?
• Conceptual model (DEN 1996-1999)
• Modeling of dermal exposure • Conceptual model output EU Dermal Exposure
• EU -RiskofDerm project (2000-2004) Network Subgroup Surface and Skin contamination
• Bayesian statistical approaches (from 2000) (Schneider et al., 1999 OEM 56:765-773)

• Harmonization of measurement methodology • Mass transport processes towards/ from

• Conceptual model (Schneider et al.,1999) • Compartments
• Ann Occ Hyg special issue 44:7 (2000) • Environmental
• Harmonization of exposure terminology • Personal

• WHO-IPCS (2002) ISEA (2005)

• CEN TC 137/ WG 6 (2005)

Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 3 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 4

The conceptual model (Schneider et al. 1999) R d

R d S u

S u rfa c e
D S u
L

D p
S u
D A ir
A ir

Environmental compartments
S u
C o n ta m in a n t A ir
L a yer ES E
u A ir

T S u ,C lo O u t R C lo O u t,S u L C lo O u t D p C lo O u t

S o u rc e
Surface
E EC
S k loO u t
Contaminant Air
Layer
P e r s o n a l b e h a v io r

R d C lo O u t

O u te r
c lo t h in g
D C loO u t
c o n t a m in a n t
la y e r
P C lo O u t,C l o In P C lo In ,C l o O u t
D p S k L S k
R d C lo In
C lo th in g b a r r ie r

T S u ,S k R S k ,S u
R S k ,C lo O u t T C lo O u t ,S k
Source
In n e r c lo th in g
c o n t a m in a n t
la y e r D C loIn

RS k ,C lo In
TC lo In ,S k
R d S k
D S k

S k in c o n t a m in a n t la y e r

P S tra tu m C o rne u m B a r r ie r
S k

Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 5 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 6

1
 Personal compartments (mass transport) Processes
MAJOR FROM
Outer clothing • Emission • Source
contaminant
layer • Deposition • Air
• Transfer • Surface /clothing
Clothing barrier
MINOR
Inner clothing • Penetration/ permeation • Skin/ clothing
contaminant
layer • Loss • all
• Decontamination • all
Skin contaminant layer • Redistribution • all

Stratum Corneum Barrier

Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 7 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 8

Harmonisation exposure terminology (1) Contaminant mass

transport
Parameter IPCS (2002) CM (1999) Process of Emission,
EXPOSURE Deposition and
ISEA (2005) WG 6 (2005) transfer

Exposure Contact between Contact results

agent and target from mass EXPOSURE MASS
(skin) transport to Skin CONTACT
VOLUME
Contaminant Layer Skin contaminant layer
(SCL): film sebum
lipids sweat, rest EXPOSURE
products cornification SURFACE
Stratum Corneum Barrier
ABSORPTION
Exposure surface Area where agent is SCL (2-D)
BARRIER
present Process of UPTAKE
/ dose
Contact volume Volume where SCL (3-D)
agent is present
Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 9 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 10

CEN TC 137 WG6 definitions

Methods to measure outcome of dermal Implementation of definitions IPCS (2002)/ ISEA (2005)
exposure and Conceptual model (Schneider et al., 1999)

• Sampling principle • Detection

Exposure Definition Estimated by
• Interception mass transport • Extraction from collection metric
substrate and chemical Exposure mass Amount of agent Interception
analysis (g) in SCL (surrogate skin)
• Removal from skin surface • Extraction from removal
substrate and chemical Exposure loading Exposure mass/ Removal
analysis (g.cm-2 ) SCL (2-D) Direct/ in situ
• No sampling but in situ • in situ detection by e.g. video
detection imaging, ATR-FTIR, PXRF Exposure Exposure mass/ Removal (tape
(surface) concentration SCL (3-D) stripping)
(g.kg-1 ) ‘Uptake sampler’

Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 11 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 12

2
 Contaminant mass
transport
Process of Emission,
Harmonization of terminology (cont’d)
EXPOSURE Deposition and
transfer
• exposure duration
Medium for
ISEA 2005
interception EXPOSURE MASS Surrogate
• The length of time over which continuous or intermittent
CONTACT
VOLUME contact occur between an agent and a target
Skin contaminant layer
TC 137 WG 6 , 2005
EXPOSURE • Time period the agent is present in the skin contaminant
SURFACE
layer (A-E) (see Figure)
Stratum Corneum Barrier ABSORPTION • Other relevant time intervals :
BARRIER
sampling time (B -C),
Process of UPTAKE
immission or loading time (A-D),
post imission time (D-E)

Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 13 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 14

Relevance of harmonization of terminology

Example of dermal exposure loading process and time
types
 Stimulates proper? use of results of quantitative
A-E = Exposure period (duration)
data
EXPOSURE LOAD ING

A-D = Immission/loading time

Interception
D–E = Post immission time
Exposure mass
B-C = Sampling time
Removal/in situ

Exposure loading Exposure data?

Others/removal

Exposure concentration

Facilitates unambiguous communication

risk assessment
A B C D E
TIME skin protection
Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 15 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 16

OK: might be relevant, but………… Relevant documents with respect to

……still boring… harmonization of terminology
• Zarterian V., Bahadori T., McKone T (2005) Adoption of an
offical ISAE glossary JEAEE 15:1-5

• CEN TC 137 WG 6 (2005)

Workplace exposure — Strategy for the evaluation of
dermal exposure — prCEN/TR 15278
Workplace exposure — Measurements of dermal
exposure — Principles and methods- prCEN/TS 15279

Contact Brouwer@chemie.tno.nl

Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 17 Dermal Exposure TNO QoL, IOHA 2005 18