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CM SQA Stability Past Papers
CM SQA Stability Past Papers
STABILITY PAST
PAPERS
March ‘19 – March ‘21
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
1. A vessel is listed 5º to port in salt water. A centreline deep tank is partially full
of an oily water mixture (R.D. 0.89), which is to be fully discharged into a salvage
barge alongside. The deep tank is rectangular and is 16.0 m long and 10.0 m wide.
(b) the weight of ballast to transfer from a port tank to a starboard tank in order
to bring the vessel upright. The centroid of EACH tank is
4.90 m from the centreline. (10)
2. A vessel is floating upright in salt water and the present particulars are as follows:
The vessel is to load bunkers (heavy fuel oil) into No.3 D.B. port and starboard
tanks and sail upright with a maximum draught of 8.600 m.
(b) the weight of ballast to transfer between the Aft Peak and the Fore Peak so
that the vessel sails on an even keel. (25)
3. A box-shaped vessel floating on an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
The vessel has a centreline watertight bulkhead with an empty amidships side
compartment of length 24.00 m on each side of the vessel.
Calculate the angle of heel if ONE of these side compartments is bilged as a result
of a collision. (30)
4. Sketch a vessel’s curve of statical stability showing the effect of EACH of the
following conditions on EACH curve:
5. Discuss the stability problems associated with the design and operation of offshore
supply vessels. (30)
(b) identify the additional corrections required when converting basic freeboard
to assigned freeboard, explaining the reason for each correction. (15)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY – DECK OFFICER
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
1. A vessel, floating in a salt water port, is initially heeled 4.2º to port and has the
following particulars:
(Assume that the above tanks were initially empty and use Kg of tanks for loading
purposes)
(a) the angle of heel on completion of the ballasting and bunkering; (20)
(b) the weight of cargo to load on each side so that the ship completes loading
upright. (10)
2. A box-shaped vessel floating at an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
Present draughts in dock water (R.D. 1.014): Forward 5.970 m Aft 6.930 m
The fore mast is 116 m foap and extends 24.80 m above the keel.
The aft mast is 23 m foap and extends 26.10 m above the keel.
(a) the final draughts forward and aft in order to pass under the bridge with
minimum clearance; (17)
(b) the maximum weight of cargo that can be discharged in order to pass under
the bridge with minimum clearance. (18)
4. (a) Distinguish between the terms Transverse Dynamic Stability and Transverse
Statical Stability. (6)
(b) List the information that can be extracted from a statical stability curve. (8)
(c) State the intact stability requirements for a vessel assigned with timber
loadlines. (21)
5. (a) A vessel is to fill a rectangular double bottom extending the full breadth of
the vessel with water ballast.
Sketch the vessel’s curve of statical stability on the same axis for EACH of
the following conditions:
Tank empty;
Tank 5% full;
Tank 100% full. (30)
Worksheet Q2
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
1. A box-shaped vessel floating at an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary data for the vessel.
At the time of the experiment the boilers are empty. They would usually contain
a total of 24 t of water, Kg 4.12 m, with a free surface moment of 142 tm.
Both lifeboats, each weighting 12 t are still ashore and will be fitted on the vessel
at a Kg of 19.76 m at a later date.
The plumbline has an effective vertical length of 7.25 m. The inclining weights
are shifted transversely 8.20 m on each occasion and the mean horizontal
deflection of the plumbline is 65 cm.
(a) Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate EACH of the following:
(b) Water ballast tanks, No. 2 D.B. tanks, port, centre and starboard, are
available for use in restoring positive stability.
With reference to the Stability Data Booklet, explain EACH of the following:
(i) why the ballasting No. 2 port tank first should be avoided; (4)
(ii) the advantage(s) of ballasting No. 2 centre tank first instead of No. 2
starboard tank; (4)
(iii) the disadvantage(s) of ballasting No. 2 centre tank first instead of No. 2
starboard tank; (6)
(iv) the advantage(s) of ballasting No. 2 starboard tank first instead of No. 2
centre tank. (6)
5. A vessel is to use a ship’s heavy lift derrick to load a locomotive from ashore.
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the vessel’s curve of statical stability, the
effects on the overall stability of the vessel when the weight is first lifted from a
position well away from the ship’s centreline. (35)
6. With reference to the current M.S. (Load Line) Regulations:
(a) State the minimum stability requirements for a vessel under the current Load
Line Regulations. (6)
(b) At ballast draught a vessel complies in every respect with the stability
requirements of the Load Line Regulations. At load draught, with the same
GM, the vessel does not comply.
Explain, with the aid of a sketch, of a statical stability diagram, why the
vessel no longer complies. (18)
(c) The regulations specify a minimum area under the Curve of Righting Levers
(GZ Curve) to ‘40º or any lesser angle at which the lower edges of any
openings in the hull, superstructure or deckhouses which lead below deck
and cannot be closed weathertight, would be immersed.’
Describe the method to calculate the area up to 36º to verify compliance. (6)
TRIM & STABILITY
Stores
sg No.4 Tween No.3 Tween No.2 Tween No.1 Tween C
E.Room L
AP No.5 Hold
No.3 Hold FP
FW FW No.4 Hold No.2 Hold No.1 Hold
Deep Tk
T.S. Tk p & s
CONDITION: LOADED
Compartment Capacity Stowage Weight KG Vertical Free LCG Longitudinal
Factor Moment Surface foap Moment
Moment
m3 m3/t t m tm tm m tm
All Holds 14708 1.88 5.84 68.48
DISPLACEMENT
HYDROSTATICS True Mean Draught LCB foap LCF foap
MCTC
TRIM
KMT
KG
DRAUGHTS: F. A. GM
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY – DECK OFFICER
Worksheet Q3
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
1. A box shaped vessel floating on even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
Calculate the draughts forward and aft, if this compartment is bilged. (35)
2. A vessel completes underdeck loading in salt water with the following particulars:
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary data for the vessel.
180 t of Heavy Fuel Oil (R.D. 0.84) from No. 3 D.B. tank centre (full on departure),
12 t of Diesel Oil from No. 4 D.B. tank port (partially full on departure),
12 t of Diesel Oil from No. 4 D.B. tank starboard (partially full on departure),
Calculate the maximum weight of timber to load on deck Kg 12.85 m. Assume 15%
water absorption during the passage in order to arrive at the destination with the
minimum GM (0.05m) allowed under the Load Line Regulations. (35)
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary hydrostatic data for the
vessel.
Using Worksheet Q3 and showing any additional calculations in the answer book,
determine EACH of the following:
(b) the maximum cargo to load for a Summer Load Line Zone. (5)
4. (a) Sketch a vessel’s curve of statical stability, on a single set of axis, showing
the effects of EACH of the following:
(i) explain why the Fixed and Free Trim curves are the same up to the angle
of Deck Edge immersion; (5)
(ii) sketch a supply vessel’s statical stability diagram showing how the GZ
curve for the vessel calculated on a Free Trim basis may differ from that
calculated on a Fixed Trim basis. (10)
5. With reference to the Passenger Ship Construction Regulations:
(c) state the extent of assumed hull flooding and damage when calculating the
vessel’s ability to survive hull damage; (9)
(d) describe the purpose of the Stockholm Agreement and identify the type of
vessel to which it applies. (8)
6. (a) Describe how increasing the beam of a box shaped vessel increases the ship’s
BM and GM. (6)
(b) Explain why the “True Mean Draught’ should be used to obtain a ship’s
Hydrostatic particulars when performing transverse and longitudinal stability
calculations rather than using the ‘Arithmetic Mean Draught’. (6)
(c) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, how a vessel’s Centre of Gravity moves
due to the free movement of the liquid in a slack tank and how this causes a
loss of GZ. (18)
DRAUGHT SURVEY REPORT
metres
Draught Forward
Draught at FP
Draught Aft
Draught at AP
True Trim
Draught
Midships Mean
Draught at
Amidships
Displacement
Corrected
Displacement
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
1. A ship is lying starboard side to on a salt water berth with a 5º port list. She has
an even keel draught of 6.280 m and a KG of 8.19 m.
Using the Stability Data booklet provided, calculate EACH of the following:
(a) (i) the maximum list experienced during the operation; (15)
(ii) the size and direction of any list once the weight is stowed; (10)
(iii) the quantity of ballast to load into the relevant No. 2 D.B. side tank in
order to bring the vessel upright; (2)
(iv) the KGeffective of the vessel on completion of the ballasting in Q1(a)(ii) (Use
Kg of the tank). (4)
(b) With reference to the Maximum KG Table, determine, whether the vessel
complies with the minimum intact stability criteria of the current Load Line
Rules in this final condition. (4)
2. A box shaped vessel floating at an even keel in dock water (RD 1.018) has the
following particulars:
A midship watertight compartment 20.00 m long and extending the full breadth
and depth of the vessel is bilged. Permeability of the compartment is 0.75.
(c) the moment of statical stability in the flooded condition for an angle of heel
of 16º. (7)
3. A vessel, initially upright, is to carry out an inclining test.
The ship’s free fall lifeboat, weight 18 t, is temporarily located on the aft deck,
Kg 10.25 m and will be stowed the following week at Kg 13.54 m.
The plumblines have an effective vertical length of 9.93 m. The inclining weights
are shifted transversely 11.30 m on each occasion and the mean horizontal
deflection of the plumbline is 0.74 m.
(b) Explain why it is important to restrict the amount of Free Surface Moments
on board during the inclining test. (5)
4. A box shaped vessel’s forward end compartment, extending the full breadth and
depth is flooded as a result of a collision.
(a) State and explain any effect that this flooding may have on EACH of the
following:
(b) When calculating the change of trim due to the flooding of a forward end
compartment of a box shaped vessel it is necessary to obtain the MCTC.
(c) Identify and explain the circumstances when the KB of a bilged box shaped
vessel cannot be calculated as half the bilged draught. (10)
5. A general cargo ship is loading in a port in a Tropical seasonal zone for a port in a
Winter seasonal zone during winter months.
Describe the various precautions and considerations which must be borne in mind
at the loading port in order that the voyage is accomplished safely, in accordance
with the requirements of the Load Line Rules. (30)
6. (a) Describe how the effect of icing on a vessel’s stability may be determined
when a vessel is operating in severe winter conditions. (10)
(b) Sketch a vessel’s curve of statical stability showing the effect of non-
symmetrical ice accretion on decks and superstructure. (25)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
1. A ship is alongside a berth in salt water with a list of 4º to port. She is nearing
completion of cargo operations with a present displacement of 8422 t and a
GM 0.18 m.
(a) which parcel of cargo should be loaded into each of the available locations so
that the vessel completes upright with an improved GM; (25)
2. A vessel is upright, alongside and on an even keel in dock water of RD 1.011 with
the following particulars:
A midship rectangular deck 32.00 m long and extending the full breadth of the vessel
is flooded with dock water to a depth of 0.60 m. Height of the deck above the keel
12.15 m.
Additionally, the After Peak tank was fully de-ballasted of saltwater from an
initially full condition.
(a) Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate the minimum clearance of the
vessel over the shoal with a predicted depth of water of 9.60 m. (30)
(b) State the minimum clearance over the sand bar, if the vessel is brought to an
even keel condition by internal transfer of ballast. (5)
4. (a) The bilging of an empty midship compartment will affect a vessel’s draught
and may also result in a change in the vessel’s intact waterplane area.
(b) The bilging of an empty midships, side compartment will negatively affect a
vessel’s stability. Explain, with the aid of a sketch of a curve of statical
stability, how cross flooding is likely to restore some of this loss. (15)
5. List TEN items of the stability and stress data required to be supplied to ships
under the current Load Line Regulations, stating for EACH how such information
might be used. (30)
6. Discuss the stability problems associated with the design and operation of a
conventional Ro-Ro vehicle ferry. (30)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
(a)
1. A vessel is alongside an upriver berth in fresh water with the following particulars:
(b)
(c) Forward draught 7.350 m Aft Draught 8.570 m
(d)
(e) A single consignment of cargo, weighing 743 t is to be loaded.
(f)
Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate EACH of the following:
(a) the distance FOAP and compartment onboard to load this parcel of cargo in
order to maintain the current aft draught; (35)
2. A box shaped vessel floating upright on an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
The vessel has two longitudinal bulkheads 5.00 m from EACH side of the vessel.
Calculate the angle of heel if a midships side compartment 29.00 m long is bilged. (30)
Lateral windage area 5800 m2. Centroid of the windage area 10.20 m above the
waterline.
(a) Construct a righting moment curve to 60 degrees heel using the KN Tables in
the Stability Data Booklet; (15)
(b) Using the righting moment curve constructed in Q3(a), determine EACH of the
following:
(i) the angle of heel due to a steady lateral wind pressure of 48.5 kgs/m2; (10)
(ii) the angle of heel if the wind pressure increases by 50 % due to gusting. (5)
4. (a) Describe the changes in stability which may take place on a voyage. (15)
(b) Provide a sketch of statical stability showing the effects on the curve of
righting levers (GZ) of the changes described in Q4(a). (20)
5. (a) State the surveys required in order that an International Load Line Certificate (4)
remains valid.
(b) List the items to be inspected during the surveys stated in Q5(a), stating the
nature of the examination required for each. (26)
6. Describe the general provisions of the current Load Line Regulations governing the
ability of Type B vessels with reduced freeboard to withstand flooding due to
damage, and the stability in the final condition after such damage. (35)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
It has been determined that a maximum trim of 1.150 m by the stern is required
prior to docking in order to ensure adequate effective GM at the critical instant.
(a) calculate the weight of dock water ballast to transfer from the After Peak
tank to the Fore Peak tank in order to achieve the required trim; (8)
(b) calculate the GM of the vessel after the transfer of dock water ballast
(RD 1.018). (8)
Note: After Peak tank was full and the Fore Peak tank empty prior to the
transfer of ballast (Use KG of the tanks);
All five holds are to be fully loaded and the tween decks are variously full and
partially full. Assume that cargo surfaces will be levelled on completion.
After tabulating the weights and moments for the planned load of grain the
following final totals were obtained;
(a) Using the KN Table included in the Stability Data Booklet construct a GZ curve
for this condition of loading. (14)
(b) Use the information obtained in Q2(a) to determine whether the vessel
complies with all of the minimum criteria specified in the International Grain
Code (IMO). (21)
3. A vessel completes underdeck loading in salt water with the following particulars:
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary data for the vessel.
During the passage 223 tonne of Fuel Oil (R.D. 0.81) is consumed from No. 3 D.B.
tank centre which was full on departure (use Kg of tank for consumption
purposes).
Calculate the maximum weight of timber to load on deck Kg 13.50 m assuming 15%
water absorption during the passage in order to arrive at the destination with a
minimum GM of 0.20 m. (35)
4. Identify and explain the corrections to be applied to the Tabular Freeboard for a
‘Type A’ ship in order to obtain the Assigned Freeboard, and provide the reason
why the freeboard could be increased or decreased in each case. (30)
5. (a) Discuss the factors affecting the virtual loss of GM due to a free surface within
an undivided rectangular tank. (8)
(b) Explain the effect on the virtual loss of GM due to the free surface when the
slack tank is equally divided in EACH of the following situations:
(c) Explain why it is preferable that stability information relating to free surface
for a particular tank is usually expressed as a Free Surface Moment (FSM)
rather than Free Surface Correction (FSC). (5)
(d) A double bottom tank, initially empty, is to be ballasted full of salt water.
Sketch a labelled diagram to show the way in which the effective KG of the
ship will change from the instant of starting to fill the tank until it is full. (12)
6. (a) Explain the difference between the Angle of Deck Edge Immersion and the
Angle of Flooding, stating typical values from the Stability Data Booklet. (5)
(b) Explain how when a vessel heels to an angle of loll it now has a small positive
GM. (10)
(c) Explain why a vessel carrying timber on deck may be allowed a smaller GM
than is usual for a cargo vessel. (10)
(d) Explain how an increase in the beam of a vessel can improve a vessel’s
stability and why such improvement is more pronounced at smaller angles of
heel. (10)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –DECK OFFICER
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer
The vessel has a rectangular double bottom tank of length 20.0 m, breadth 18.0 m,
depth 1.80 m, which is subdivided by two equally spaced longitudinal bulkheads
resulting in the port, centre and starboard compartments having equal
dimensions.
Using the Stability Data Booklet calculate the angle of heel after emptying the
centre and portside tanks. (35)
Present draughts in dock water of R.D. 1.019: Forward 4.880 m Aft 5.960 m
The aft mast is 23 m foap and extends 28.10 m above the keel.
The fore mast is 118 m foap and extends 26.60 m above the keel.
(a) the draughts required, forward and aft, in order to pass under the bridge with
minimum clearance; (20)
(b) the minimum weight of ballast to load in order to pass under the bridge with
minimum clearance. (15)
3. A vessel is planning to enter drydock in salt water.
(a) The maximum trim at which the vessel can enter drydock so as to maintain a
GM of at least 0.25 m at the critical instant. (25)
(b) Comment on the result of Q3(a) identifying any possible operational issue that
may occur during the critical period. (5)
(c) Other than reducing the trim of the vessel, identify and describe alternative
methods of improving the condition of stability prior to entering the dry dock. (5)
4. (a) Explain with the aid of a sketch why a vessel will usually heel outwards when
a steady rate of turn has been achieved. (10)
(b) Sketch a stable vessel’s curve of statical stability showing the effect of heel
when turning. (10)
(c) Describe the effects that heel when turning has on the stability of a vessel. (10)
5. (a) List THREE possible causes, excluding changes to ship’s structure and fittings,
for a change to the lightship KG over a period of time. (6)
(b) Explain the necessity for EACH of the following precautions to be taken before
and/or during the inclining experiment:
(i) Slack tanks should be avoided when possible and preferably be restricted
to tanks with a rectangular shape; (4)
(v) Lifeboats, cranes, anchors and such should be secured in their seagoing
positions; (4)
(vi) The test inclination should not exceed 4º from the upright zero position. (4)
6. Describe a Type ‘A’ vessel under the current Load Line Regulations, including the
flooding, stability and assumed damage requirements. (35)