Globalized Cultural Exchanges

G9U2 Phase 2
 Our identities and
Statement relationships are
being changed by globalized
of inquiry cultural exchanges.
Summative Assessment
Report on the challenges of a Globalized Culture
 You will write a report on the
impact of two factors studied
in the unit on cultural
Task globalization.
description
Let's explore the different
factors you could write about.
Summative Assessment
You will write a report on cultural globalization.
A report is “descriptive” not “argumentative”.

You will decide which two aspects of cultural globalization you wish to
explore:
“A Report on the impact of _________ and ________ on globalized
cultural exchanges”
choosing the factors
Today we will look at two concepts: cultural imperialism and cultural
appropriation
This would give your report the title:

“A Report on the impact of cultural imperialism and cultural

appropriation on globalized cultural exchanges”
 1. The new
imperialism
(Cultural imperialism)

FYI - This is the old one

 What is
imperialism?
1) a policy or practice by which a
country increases its power by gaining
control over other areas of the world
This is this is the historical definition*.
2) the effect that a powerful country
or group of countries has in changing
or influencing the way people live in
other, poorer countries
This is a more modern definition*
 Read the following quote by Historian
Appleman Williams about the American
politicians after World War II :

What does “These men were not imperialist in the

imperialism have traditional sense… They sought instead
to do with the ‘internationalization of business’…
Through the use of economic power,
globalization? they wanted to establish a common
bond… Their deployment of America’s
material strength is unquestioned.”
 2) the effect that a powerful country or group of
countries has in changing or influencing the way people
Cultural live in other, poorer countries.

imperialism How can this be seen in Culture? Is it even possible that

a powerful country or countries change or influence
the way people live their culture?
 Which country dominates in brand positioning globally?
Remember this?

In what ways could the American culture dominate aspects of other countries' cultures?
 Remember this?

In what ways could the American culture dominate aspects of other countries'
cultures? (Remember the Wheel of Culture!)
 During the Cold War, the
USSR claimed they were
fighting against
imperialism.

The thought of any brand that

symbolized this idea of
imperialism in the Soviet Union
was impossible...

Cultural imperialism
 Until the Perestroika, or
restructuring of the USSR
This reform brought one of the biggest brands into Moscow in
January 1990.

“I felt like I was eating America itself,” Andrey, 53, said, recalling
his first bite, a month after the initial opening. “The lines were
huge.” (Voa news)
“We didn’t know what fast food was,” wrote Mitya Kushelevich,
a photographer for an article in The Guardian.

The Soviet Union would collapse in 1991 but McDonald's would

remain...

Cultural imperialism
 Except they just left...
With the Invasion of Ukraine by Putin's Russia, the brand has
decided to leave the country alongside with other brands...

McDonald's stopped operations and after two months, sold its

restaurants.

The buyer, Alexander Govor, moved fast to get the restaurants

back and running, this time under a new name: Vkusno &
Tochka.

Cultural imperialism Fast food stayed.

Cultural imperialism
Read the article found in Managebac about the threat to indigenous
languages.

• Why are languages being lost?

• What other aspects of culture might be lost due to
urbanization*?

*Urbanization means an increase in the proportion of people living in

urban areas compared to rural areas.
Does it matter? Do you
know what these are?

If a product is not
economically viable (people
don’t want it) we get rid of
it.

Can we do that with

cultures?
2. Cultural
Appropriation
Check one of the latest posts on Instagram
Why is Cultural
Appropriation such a
big deal for some?
Why can't it be looked like cultural appreciation?
How is this even connected to Globalization?
Why is this cultural
appropriation?
Appropriation* means to take (something) for
our own use without the owner's permission.

Traditions, Rituals, Ideas, Stories, Techniques and

Values... they all make part of culture. When wearing
costumes like these, are we really aware of the
traditions behind this clothing? When and why do
these communities wear these traditional clothes?
Do they mean something we aren't sure about?

We can always appreciate a culture, but does that

give us the right to take from it and profit?
 Social media backlash
Celebrities have received backlash on social
media after wearing 'cornrows', a hairstyle
attributed to African and African-Americans.
Kim Kardashian defended her decision to wear braids.

"How many white people wearing cornrow know

that, in 15th-Century Africa, hair was a way to
distinguish a person's age, religion, social rank
and marital status; that braiding took hours,
even days, to complete, and were times of great
bonding; or that, during the slave trade, heads
were shaved, tearing from the African peoples
not only their hair, but also their identities?",
asks Bel Jacobs, a former Fashion editor.

Katy Perry apologized for Cultural Appropriation.

Are we guilty of Cultural
Appropriation?

• How many of these words

do you use in everyday life?
BE HONEST.
• Add more to the list if
you know them and/or use
them.
Are we guilty of Cultural
Appropriation?

• Let's visit this website together

and explore this idea, shall we?

• USA Today
The problem
of Cultural
Appropriation
• The problem of cultural
appropriation and its
relationship with Globalization is
that many people (mostly
influencers or celebrities) do this
to have financial gain. In other
words, to profit off the culture of
other peoples.

• Why would some traditions or

language mean benefits for
some communities but
mean disadvantages for others?
How is that a fair trade?
When Appreciation begins to take on an element
of Explotation, it becomes Appropriation.

As you watch the video, think of

the way this factor impacts
Globalized cultural exchanges.
Is it a positive or a negative
impact?
When Appreciation begins to take on an element
of Explotation, it becomes Appropriation.

• Once again, we need to talk

Max Mara (Italian Fashion house)
vs
Oma ethnic community in Laos
about minority and majority
groups.
• These majority groups
benefit when taking aspects
of the minority group.
Read more about it here.
3. Diaspora
 What is Diaspora?
• Diaspora = people settled far from their ancestral homelands
• It is thought the original definition of the word refers to the scattering of Jewish
people in ancient times, but now it is commonly used to refer to large numbers of
people living outside their homeland.
• For example the “Chinese diaspora”.

This is “Chinatown” in
Philadelphia, USA
People often choose to
live close to their
compatriots
Melting pot vs Salad bowl
• The US is a country that is mainly made up of
different diaspora (only the native Americans
were truly indigenous to the US) and so is a
good example of how diasporas work in the real
world.
• Originally American society was described as a
“melting pot”, but then later became known
more as a “salad bowl”.
• With a partner, discuss these two metaphors for
the US diaspora. What are they trying to show?
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl

Melting Pot

Salad Bowl
Extension
3.1 Assimilation &
Acculturation
Diasporas
Where is this song is from?

Free Satpal Ram - Asian Dub Foundation

Click on it to play
Where is this food from?

Click on it to play
 Assimilation vs Acculturation
The content of the previous two slides
demonstrates cultural products that contain
elements of both the original culture (the
culture from which the person has traveled) and
the new culture (the culture to which the person
has traveled).

This gives us some insight into the difference

between these two elements of cultural
globalization.
 Part of the diasporas

Diaspora groups can bring their food with

them, but what else might a diaspora
group bring into a home country?
 Acculturation Assimilation
(verb) (verb)
the process by which an individual or 1a: to take into the mind and thoroughly
group adopts the practices and values understand
of one culture while still retaining their
own culture of origin. 2a: to absorb into the cultural tradition of
a population or group

b: to make similar
Melting pot vs Salad bowl all over again!
Extension
• You can watch this video to deepen your understanding
on Assimilation vs Acculturation.
• You can read this article "A case for acculturation"
about how this process might be more beneficial for
kids when they are adjusting to a new country
after migration.
4. Cultural backlash
Backlash
Globalization has an economic and
cultural impact.
When people don’t like the results, this
can lead to a violent backlash.
 Remember we talked about those who lose
and those who win in globalization
• a. Companies and stockholders make more
Backlash profit
Who are the • b. Consumers get products at lower prices
winners and • c. High wage workers whose jobs are being
moved overseas
losers of
• d. Low wage workers are making more
globalization? money than they used to but also by staying
in hazardous working conditions
4.1 Free trade
(NAFTA – Brexit)

Cultural Backlash
Free
trade
Fair trade?
What is a free trade Total Cost of Goods
agreement?
Historically, countries wanted to protect their Import
economies from competition. This is called Duties
protectionism. It means keeping out foreign goods so
that local producers can sell the same goods.
They did this by placing “import duties” or “import
taxes” on foreign goods.
Cost of
Starting roughly three hundred years ago a new
school of economics developed called Free Trade or Domestic Cost of
“laissez faire” economics. Goods Foreign
Goods
A free trade agreement seeks to reduce or
eliminate duties between countries.
 NAFTA – North American Free Trade
Agreement

NAFTA sought to reduce the duties

between the three north American
countries.
When duties were reduced there
was no tax to import goods.
 Who are the losers and the winners in
More Info on NAFTA this deal?
 • This resulted in • a. Companies and stockholders
NAFTA – make more profit - winners
jobs in
Winners and manufacturing
• b. Consumers get products at
lower prices - winners
losers (making things) • c. High wage workers whose
jobs are being moved overseas -
moved to Mexico losers
where workers
• d. Low wage workers are making
were cheaper. more money than they used to
Those goods could but also by staying in hazardous
working conditions -
then be re- winners and losers
exported back to
the US.
Why talking about backlash then?
From The Washington Post 2016

"For the past 40 years, America's economy has raked blue-collar white men over the
coals. It whittled their paychecks. It devalued the type of work they did best. It
shuttered factories and mines and shops in their communities.
On Tuesday, their frustrations helped elect Donald Trump, the first major-party
nominee of the modern era to speak directly and relentlessly to their economic and
cultural fears. It was a “Brexit” moment in America, a revolt of working-class
whites who felt stung by globalization and uneasy in a diversifying country
where their political power had seemed to be diminishing.
Half of these voters said the economy was the most important issue in their vote,
compared to 14 percent for immigration. A majority said international trade takes
away American jobs."
BREXIT
The British exit to a free trade agreement (the EU)
Membership of the European Union grants tariff free trade between all members.
It guarantees the freedom on any EU citizen to take jobs in any other EU countries
without a visa.
Let's not forget racism...
This poster
also highlights
the racism at the
heart of the anti-
EU campaign.

Look at the
people lining up to
come to the UK.
What color skin/what
culture are they from?
Extension

Read the full article here

Extension

Read the full article here

4.2
Nationalism
Nativism
Cultural Backlash
Globalization & Nationalism
What are:
• Patriotism
• Nativism
• Nationalism

Are they acceptable ideologies?

Why/why not?
What is Nativism?
In the 19th century disasters in
several countries along with the
opportunities in the US caused
people to move there.

• Taiping Rebellion (China)

• Potato Famine (Ireland)

This isn’t one diaspora, it is several.

This caused a backlash from people

who were already in the US.
Nativism
- job
competition
- political power
EXTENSION
Nativism, Nationalism and Wasn’t it hypocritical for any non-indigenous people to complain
about immigration to the US?
the Irish - 19th Century USA
And more from him...
• Trump made a strong appeal to
American nativism with his “build
the wall” policy.
• It was based on the same idea as
19th century nativists: too many
people are coming to the US and
they will change the nature
of society and culture.
 Patriotism vs Nationalism
Patriotism
Love of country
• feeling of attachment and commitment to
a country, nation, or political community.
• A celebration of national culture.
• It might refer to the defense of one's
country, for instance, military forces that
fight for their country are considered
patriotic.
• It can also describe any display of
commitment and service to one's country
Nationalism
Loyalty to one's country
• "A nationalist movement may be political
or cultural or both. A cultural nationalist
movement, which historically often
precedes a political movement, is an
effort to rediscover, preserve, study, or
reinvigorate the language or cultural
traditions of a nation."
• Political nationalism: "a struggle by a
national group within its own nation-
state for wider rights for its members, or
it may be a (reactionary) struggle by such
a national group against wider rights for
minority groups."
Explore these definitions here
 Nationalism vs Patriotism
Nationalism
Loyalty to one's country

• A kind of excessive, aggressive patriotism.

• When patriotism gets out of hand...
• Justifies any action for the greater good of the nation and tends
to look down on anything that is different from one's nation and
culture.
• Many fascist regimes advocate for nationalistic feelings and "notions
of superiority, especially when it comes to ethnicity and religion."
Nationalism & Far Right

Far Right/Nationalist movements are dangerous to

other communities as their hatred can often result in
communal violence.

• Read the article on far right attacks here

• Watch a video on Far-right in Sweden
and Germany here
 More resources to get you started on your
report

Assimilation & Free Trade Right Wing Backlash

Acculturation
Resource #1
Resource #1 Resource #1
Resource #2 Resource #2 Resource #2
Resource #3 Resource #3
Resource #3