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New arecanut varieties of ICAR-CPCRI

Article · September 2015

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 .
IndianJournalof

Arecanut,Spices& MedicinalPlants

DirectorateofArecanutand SpicesDevelopment
DepartmentofAgricultureandCooperation
MinistryofAgriculture,Government
of India
Calicut- 673005,Kerala,India
 -~
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ARECANUT,
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 NEW ARECANUT VARIETIES OF ICAR-CPCRI
K.s. Ananda and N.R. Nagaraja
Introduction
Arecanut(Areca catechu L) is one of the
importantcommercial crops of South India,
Konkan,Andaman& Nicobargroup of Islands
andNorthEasternregion of the country. Mainly
grownfor its masticatory nuts popularly known
as 'betelnut' or 'supari'. Arecanut plays a
prominent role in the religious, social, cultural and
economiclife of people in India. Presently,
arecanut is commercially grown in India,
Bangladesh,Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Other
countrieswherearecanutis grown are Malaysia,
Indonesia,Vietnam, Thailand and Philippines.
Indiaranks first in the world both in area and
production of arecanut. Karnataka, Kerala,
Assamand West Bengal together produce 85
percentof total production in the country.
Central Plantation Crops Research
Institute(CPCRI), Regional Station at Vittal came
intoexistence in 1970, with a mandate to carry
outresearchon arecanut and cocoa. The efforts
onthisdirection started as early as 1947 through
theestablishmentof ad-hoc arecanut committee
byIndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch(ICAR)
tostudythe problems of arecanut industry. Based
on the recommendation of the committee, the
CentralArecanut Research Station (CARS) was
establishedat Vittal in 1956, which gave a firm
foundationfor arecanut research. Consequent
to the establishment of the Central Plantation
CropsResearch Institute (CPCRI) in 1970, the
ICAR-CPCRI, -
Regional Station, Vittal 574 243, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka
Central Arecanut Research Station (CARS)
became the Regional Station of the CPCRI.
At ICAR-CPCRI Regional Station, Vittal
comprehensive collection of germplasm from
within the country and abroad has been made
and screening them under uniform conditions
was undertaken since 1957. A total of 164
accessions were collected so far and being
maintained in the field gene bank of the Station.
Out of which 141 are indigenous accessions of
arecanut collected from different parts of India
(Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala,
Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West
Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar group of islands)
as well as 23 exotic accessions introduced from
other areca growing countries of the world
especially South-East Asian countries such as
Fiji, Mauritius,SouthChina, Sri Lanka, Indonesia,
Saigon, Singapore, British Soloman Islands and
Australia.
Breedingworks resultedin releaseof high
yielding varieties viz., Mangala, Sumangala,
Sreemangala, Mohitnagar, Swarnamangala,
Kahikuchitall, Cal-17 and dwarf hybrids(VTLAH-
1 and VTLAH-2). Recently two more new high
yielding arecanut varieties, Madhuramangala
and Nalbari were released and notified for
cultivation by Central Sub-committee on Crop
Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties
for Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture,
New Delhi. Characteristic features of these new
varieties are given below.
m
 f
!
i.

,
(

,-
Madhuramangala (VTL-62) Nalbari (VTL-75) I
. ..
* *
The yield performance of the variety is higher The yield performance of the variety is higher
than the earlier released varieties viz., as compared to all the earlier releasedt
varieties and found suitable for ripe nut\
Mangala, Sumangala, Sreemangala
traditional local types, suitable for both tender
and
processing. t
*
nut and ripe nut processing. The variety possesses high yielding nature, t
tall type with medium thick stem, longer:
* internodes, partially drooping crown,
Also fetches more prices in the market
homogeneous population, regular bearer,
because of its quality and marble appearance
consistent in yield, bunches are well placed
of the split nut.
on the stem, round shaped yellow colour nuts,
* high recovery (25.18 %) of dry kernel from
The average yield is 3.54 Kg dry kernel/palm/
fresh nuts, comes to bearing by 5th year and
year and about 4500-5000 Kg dry kernel/ha/
economic yield can be realized up to 40-45
year and 2.95 Kg dry tender processed nuts/ years.
palm/year and about 3800-4500 Kg dry tender *
The average yield is 4.15 kg Chali (dry kernel)/
processed nuts/ha/year.
palm/year and 5600 Kg dry kernellha/year.
* *
The variety has been recommended for The variety has been recommended for
commercial cultivation in Karnataka and release for Karnataka, North Bengal and North
Konkan region. Eastern region.

Fig. 1. Madhuramangala Fig. 2. Nalbari

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