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In this context, participatory sensing is a remarkable example of progress and a powerful tool to
encourage people not only to collect environmental data through their smartphone by dedicated
applications, but also to provide their appraisal of their perceived living environment. See Full PDF
Download PDF About Press Blog People Papers Topics Job Board We're Hiring. In this protocol,
the experimenter guides the participants throughout the study area, following a specific path and
stopping in selected locations where, after a short listening time, the soundscape appraisals have to
be given. VI - CONCLUSIONS The experience of recent years has shown that there is great
potential for the artificial soundscape approach as a tool to restore acoustically degraded locations.
The development of soundscape studies has brought a different perspective to the argument.
Moreover, volumetric analysis and architectural surveys are needed in order to analyze the volumetric
proportion, which has an influence on sound formation in addition to investigating the overall
interior design. Expected behavior and activity represents the user’s expectation from other users’
behavior and activities. Based on Herranz-Pascual, Aspuru, and Garcia’s model, it can be said that
contextual factors answer questions such as “how people experience and perceive their built and
acoustic environment”, “what type of sensations they have”, “how they evaluate them”, and “what
behavioral responses are obtained”. These tags (including date, time and, in some apps, a picture of
the site) are useful for retrieving the sound measurements and are essential to migrate from noise
maps to soundscape maps. Information on the function of a space is important for the design process
of a soundscape as it can help to collect possible future predictions regarding the preferences of
users. All the regulations cited in this study were prepared and published for managing noise by
applying sanctions on rules and to integrate the relevant standards to application and maintenance
processes. Yet, ISO 12913-1 clearly exemplifies that it is possible to standardize the indoor
soundscape factors as well. However, urban soundscape factors alone are not adequate for evaluating
an enclosed soundscape and architectural factors should also be considered. Furthermore, the
acoustic parameters determined by post-processing enable modeling only the acoustic features of the
environment and not the soundscape as a whole, because of a lack of data on other environmental
factors. They are responsible to produce a uniform and undistorted sound-field inside the area,
without disrupting the aesthetic features of the environment in which they are placed. International
Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). Thesis submitted to the School of Music in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music degree. Comparing Turkish and
European Noise Management and Soundscape Policies: A Proposal of Indoor Soundscape
Integration to Architectural Design and Application. When there is lot of noise in the environment, it
is termed as noise pollution. However, the subjective attribution of indoor soundscape arouses the
necessity of characterizing the factors and methods required in the design process. The collected data
consist of the audio recording (44,100 Hz sampling, 16 bit resolution, duration set at 30 s) and
related sound pressure levels (L Aeq, L Amax, and L Amin ), a picture of the place (6 MP max
resolution and 24 bit color), and user feedback given through a structured questionnaire. This
regulation is promising, acting as a backbone and starting point for the preparation of a possible
future indoor soundscaping regulations or standards, as the rules have been prepared according to
the function of each building and the neighboring relations between spaces. In the past several years,
mostly as a result of technological developments in field recording and data analysis, it has become
necessary to focus more specifically on the complex sources of soundscape acoustics in order to more
accurately explain and probe the roots of this phenomenon. Since providing information to the public
and related disciplines on the health effects of noise exposure is crucial to providing awareness of
noise hazards, guidelines on the health effects of noise should also be developed in Turkey. 3.3.
Turkish and European Standards on Noise Management More than fifty standards in total can be
found in the literature. Furthermore, the digital version enables researchers to record the start and end
time of each filled questionnaire, which is useful for associating the relevant sound recording stretch
and to evaluate the respondent performance. This index considers not only noise levels, namely 1 s
short L Aeq, L Amax, and L Amin, but also the detection of noise events (based on a dynamic
threshold principle), and the composition and perceived pleasantness of the sound sources in the
area. While the gabion wall protects against noise around the playground, the new installed audio
islands provide nature sounds as selected by the people involved in the Soundscape approach. Video
surveillance cameras installed in the selected places for security purposes and the relevant recordings
can be useful to get information on the use of a place during the monitoring. This will enable you to
tackle noise problems from an entirely different perspective, and understand the implications of
context in noise impact assessments. The involvement of the experimenter is fundamental for the
good success of the experimental campaign and is similar to that described in protocol 2.
This document is a follow-up standard to the previously published standards on soundscape as Part 1
and Part 2 and focus on the data analysis. Social Posts Create on-brand social posts and Articles in
minutes. ISO 12913-1:2014 indicates the seven main concepts as “context, sound sources, acoustic
environment, auditory sensations, interpretation of auditory sensations, responses and outcomes” in
order to define the process of “understanding” or “perceiving” the acoustic environment. The
physical environmental quality, including air, thermal, and lighting quality, can be evaluated with
measurements. While the gabion wall protects against noise around the playground, the new installed
audio islands provide nature sounds as selected by the people involved in the Soundscape approach.
When the existing policies on noise management and soundscape are investigated so as to propose
an integration model for an indoor context, a formal process has been revealed, consisting of five
stages: (1) organization, (2) standardization, (3) governmental enforcements, (4) supplying
information, and (5) supervision and maintenance. Discuss the effects of Noise Pollution and its
Control. The authors propose to classify experimental protocols for in-field soundscape surveys into
three types (GUIDE, MONITOR, and SMART) to be selected according to the survey’s objectives
and the territorial extension. Those design criteria were performed in three modes; mode of thoughts,
mode of expression and mode of production, i.e. from conception to making. Group members: Cham
Pok Man,Gary (1) Chan Ho Yuen,Davy(2) Au Wun,Cathy (22) Fok Kwan Suen,Connie (27) Leung
Yin Hang,Shirley(32). Issuu turns PDFs and other files into interactive flipbooks and engaging
content for every channel. Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD). Therefore,
preparing a standard would be insufficient to obligate the integration of indoor soundscaping in
practice. Turkish regulations are all published and prepared by the related ministries. Experimental
protocols of field soundscape studies mainly differ in the way they measure the acoustic and other
environmental indicators. Excerpt of the screenshot of a community noise map available in the
Noise-Planet web platform; sound measurements taken at the University campus of Salerno, Italy.
Smartphone-Based Participatory Soundscape Mapping for a More Sustainable Acoustic
Environment. However, a participatory sensing system relies on the data collected by volunteers and
these data come only from the place and time where the volunteers are present and decide to collect
and transfer them. Without doubt, noise management has been of great importance, but the noise
interventions in recent years have been insufficient. Thus, sample data sent by mobile phones are
usually randomly distributed in space and time, and may be incomplete. Therefore, a consideration
of the contextual factors that ascertain user perception in the design process of soundscape is crucial.
4.1.3. Architectural Factors The architectural factors, which are a distinctive field of indoor
soundscaping, should be evaluated in the soundscape design process to characterize an enclosure and
its relationship to the acoustic environment. Smartphone apps are still unlikely to replace
professional instruments or comply with relevant standards in the near future. Figure 6 shows the
flowchart of the Hush City app. 6. Conclusions This scoping review highlights the benefits and
drawbacks of participatory noise monitoring. Personal and demographical information have an
importance in the soundscape study field in that they allow characterizing the users of a place or the
participants of a soundscape study. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our
website. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA). It is also important that
participatory sensing applications do not require significant energy consumption for users during
sensing, processing, and data transmission. Identify priorities for further skills that you may need to
become more accomplished in this practice. It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace.
Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals
from around the world.
As a soundscape heavily depends on the perception of the sound environment, urban soundscape
research field deals with acoustical measurements and various contextual factors to evaluate user
perception. As can be observed in noise management applications, regulations have had great effects
on enforcing the observance of rules and standards during the design and construction process. Note
that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. The
action plan is based on the generation of artificial soundscapes which are able to restore and
redevelop the degraded soundscapes. From the first, best performing experimental protocol down to
the others, the tasks involving the experimenter are progressively less demanding and potentially
have less influence on the participants’ appraisal. Questions should be meaningful and interesting to
the respondent and their wording is very important, as it can have a significant impact on people
responses. All the regulations cited in this study were prepared and published for managing noise by
applying sanctions on rules and to integrate the relevant standards to application and maintenance
processes. They are responsible to produce a uniform and undistorted sound-field inside the area,
without disrupting the aesthetic features of the environment in which they are placed. Table 2
presents a list of these guidelines with full titles (titles of Turkish guidelines were translated into
English) regarding environmental noise both in Turkey and in Europe. Future follow-up studies are
planned which involve (1) identification of the architectural design and application process phases,
(2) investigation of the relations within each phase between indoor soundscaping factors and
methods through case studies, and (3) derivation of conclusions to finalize the indoor soundscape
integration model such that it is applicable in practice regarding architectural design and application.
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA). As the final step, the overall proposed
indoor soundscaping integration model is presented in detail. Projects also often do not involve a
representative sample of society: they tend to attract individuals with high levels of education and
pre-existing interest, persons with income above the average, and so forth. Thus, it is necessary to
train the participants on correct data measurement protocol to reduce such drawbacks. This
approach, based on a better understanding of multi-sensory and sensory-aesthetic aspects, is an
opportunity to identify the conditions for a pleasant urban environment and to gain the necessary
skills to develop appropriate actions in the planning process to consciously enhance the design of
places in a noisy environment. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). Identify
priorities for further skills that you may need to become more accomplished in this practice. Blind
source separation and source recognition to consider the level only of the undesired noise, while
ignoring desired sounds like bird singing, human voices etc. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health (IJERPH). In the past several years, mostly as a result of technological
developments in field recording and data analysis, it has become necessary to focus more specifically
on the complex sources of soundscape acoustics in order to more accurately explain and probe the
roots of this phenomenon. Editors offering top notch dissertation writing services online. Since
volumetric form as well as the shape and proportion of an interior have remarkable influence on the
physical properties and formation of sound, they need to be analyzed in detail to control and sustain
acoustic comfort. The abstract thesis is an essential part of any research. The location of the observer
“within the soundscape” with respect to outside sound sources is, therefore, less critical. We also use
third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In Europe, the
World Health Organization (WHO) published a series of guidelines on environmental noise and the
harmful health effects of noise exposure for the European region. When the existing implemented
policies on noise interventions and urban soundscape are evaluated, process emerges for investigating
the improvement of indoor soundscaping applications. The investigative stage is used to search for
more information about the space through architectural surveying and contacting users with
interviews. In short we can say a thesis abstract is a mini thesis.
From the first, best performing experimental protocol down to the others, the choice of the most
suitable protocol depends at least on the survey’s objectives, the territorial extension, the resources,
and the time available. The masking tool can be used to design soundscapes considering the
preference factor through the identification of wanted sounds and unwanted sounds, so that masking
sounds can be promoted. These seven concepts are related and work interactively with one another.
Exposure to Road Traffic Noise: A Comparison of Three North American and European Cities.
Methods that can be used for architectural factors of indoor soundscaping. Although the studies and
actions regarding the soundscape approach have focused on the urban scale, indoor soundscape
frameworks should also be considered regarding governmental implementations to enhance indoor
sound environments and life quality. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available
worldwide under an open access license. No special. The equivalent regulations have the same
content and scope. If travel costs are a barrier to attending you are welcome to apply for
reimbursement of travel costs. The calibration of smartphone applied for noise monitoring is a critical
issue. In Figure 4, three main concepts of indoor soundscape factors and their methods for gathering
data, types of data and, finally, the expected outcomes that are planned to be obtained through those
methods are presented. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA). Comparing
Turkish and European Noise Management and Soundscape Policies: A Proposal of Indoor
Soundscape Integration to Architectural Design and Application. Hence, regarding the architectural
design process, the type of building or space and the purpose of the space should first be considered
to address the needs of the soundscape specific to each case. Even if there are materials which have
high Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings for window openings, transmission of sound from
outdoor to indoor is usually provided by openings. But opting out of some of these cookies may
affect your browsing experience. Masters students students adviser at least one signature in the
adviser approval section or additional approval section must be that of a graduate faculty member
department head. The Hush City app allows the collection at the same location and by the same user
of a set of qualitative and quantitative data in a short time frame, approximately 3 min. When there is
lot of noise in the environment, it is termed as noise pollution. Another important issue worth
exploring is the possible influence of the use of smartphones when the person is listening to the
environment. It would also be beneficial to identify the data-gathering methods of the architectural
factors in detail, which are specific to the indoor soundscape framework, depending on the factors
that are used. This approach is very simple and costless but the quality of the acoustic data is
questionable, as widely discussed in Section 3. Do you know that noise above 180 decibels can kill.
Indeed, these measurements require appropriate instrumentation, are time consuming and expensive,
and cannot be applied on a large scale, as needed in urban areas. Previous Article in Special Issue
Commissioning the Acoustical Performance of an Open Office Space Following the Latest Healthy
Building Standard: A Case Study. As a result of the initial comparison, it was seen that four of the
six Turkish regulations were prepared as directives equivalent to the European directives. The Case
for a Reputation Framework in Participatory Sensing. Yet, ISO 12913-1 clearly exemplifies that it is
possible to standardize the indoor soundscape factors as well. Tropical Medicine and Infectious
Disease (TropicalMed). The two-way interactions between separate items of the contextual factors
shown by dotted arrows and the one-way effect of identified items to others shown by bold arrows
are presented in detail, as seen in Figure 2.
Openings affect the audial, visual, thermal, and lighting characteristics of indoor spaces. In other
words, building openings are the basic elements to design and control outdoor sound transmission,
thermal and air quality, and natural light. The real time output includes the A-weighted continuous
equivalent level at 1 s time frame (L Aeq1s ), the corresponding maximum and minimum values and
the overall L AeqT over the measurement time T. The users must verify their email before signing in
and using the app. The collected data consist of the audio recording (44,100 Hz sampling, 16 bit
resolution, duration set at 30 s) and related sound pressure levels (L Aeq, L Amax, and L Amin ), a
picture of the place (6 MP max resolution and 24 bit color), and user feedback given through a
structured questionnaire. However, in a 3D sound-field the spectral masking can only be effective if
the angle by which the listener perceives both the noise and the masking sound is below a certain
threshold. The findings reveal a new developing of 'sound architecture', which is being carried out
by extraordinary sound-space conceptions, interdisciplinary involvement, and timeless
representation. Before the measurement, an offset can be set by the user to obtain calibrated readings
and the recorded data can be saved in a text file. The inherent mobility of the phone carriers can
provide large spatio-temporal coverage and also makes it possible to observe unexpected events.
When the existing implemented policies on noise interventions and urban soundscape are evaluated,
process emerges for investigating the improvement of indoor soundscaping applications. Acoustical
factors are needed in order to understand the physical properties of sound and the perceptual
evaluations of objective outcomes. International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). Help
Center Here you'll find an answer to your question. These recordings could be included in archives,
also shared on the web, that could be used in laboratory experiments with fully-immersive virtual
reality trials. Since volumetric form as well as the shape and proportion of an interior have
remarkable influence on the physical properties and formation of sound, they need to be analyzed in
detail to control and sustain acoustic comfort. Smartphones can be very useful for collecting
perceptual data regarding soundscape appraisal. As a result, 15 characteristics and features of sound-
space were identified; Auditory Perception, the Diagram, Structure of Time, Experience, Sonic
Happening, Interaction, Immateriality vs. However, these methods are most often tuned to the
objectives to be achieved. Without doubt, noise management has been of great importance, but the
noise interventions in recent years have been insufficient. We are designing the event to focus on
overcoming traditional acoustic challenges to urban planning and development. Noise pollution is the
disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the balance and activity of human or animal life.
Methods that can be used for architectural factors of indoor soundscaping. In this case it was
concerned with the collaboration of architects, acoustics engineers, environmental health specialists,
psychologists, social scientists, and urban developers. Next Article in Special Issue BCNDataset:
Description and Analysis of an Annotated Night Urban Leisure Sound Dataset. A geometric analysis
of plans, sections, and spatial allocations can be used to evaluate the 2D characteristics of a space as
organization, form, proportion, and circulation. III - THE LOUDSPEAKERS III - THE
ARTIFICIAL SOUNDSCAPE GENERATION SW This software processes in real time the
soundtracks chosen among a meta-compositive database to make them effective for the purpose of
noise masking. Architectural factors can be evaluated under three main subjects of function,
architectural properties, and physical environment ( Figure 3 ). When there is lot of noise in the
environment, it is termed as noise pollution. Moreover, volumetric analysis and architectural surveys
are needed in order to analyze the volumetric proportion, which has an influence on sound formation
in addition to investigating the overall interior design. A large scientific debate is going on, as in the
Cost Action (TUD Action TD 0804).
In addition to these studies, the ISO 12913-2 standard also specifies the data collection methods of
urban soundscape. This study focuses on indoor soundscaping and its possible integration into the
architectural design and application process. Electronic theses, treatises and dissertations, DigiNole
Commons. Moreover, in the framework of participatory sensing, these data when shared can offer to
enlarge the area under monitoring and increase the spatio-temporal resolution. These applications are
one of the main components in a basic architecture of participatory noise mapping platforms. As
shown in Figure 3, the data collected by the participants by means of the smartphone noise
measurement applications are sent via the internet to the server in charge of many tasks, namely data
collection, data processing, data geo-referencing, and data representation reporting the outcome on a
web portal for data communication to the public. Two important aspects need to be addressed:
Soundscapes often vary considerably over time and space: an urban square can be a market in the
morning, a quiet pedestrian area in the afternoon, and a gathering place for “movida” at evening and
night. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK). Space syntax can be effective to
understand the relations between spaces and their organization. Previous Article in Special Issue
Influence of Anthropogenic Noise for Predicting Cinereous Vulture Nest Distribution. A
classification of indoor soundscape methods, that can be seen in Figure 4, is prepared based on the
factors proposed in Figure 1. Regarding the acoustic environment appraisal, asking people in a place,
most often outdoors, to describe their aural experience automatically triggers attentive and
descriptive listening, discriminating between the sound sources in the complex mixture forming the
acoustic environment. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead
of page numbers. Another important issue worth exploring is the possible influence of the use of
smartphones when the person is listening to the environment. Table 2 presents a list of these
guidelines with full titles (titles of Turkish guidelines were translated into English) regarding
environmental noise both in Turkey and in Europe. Multiple requests from the same IP address are
counted as one view. Data on the left refer to the hexagon highlighted by red borders. These
identified factors are integrated with the architectural design and application process in the proposed
model for further investigation on the possibility of their standardization as part of the indoor
soundscaping policy development. Initially, functional identification needs to be substantiated since
the function determines the user profile and stands in an interaction with contextual factors. Noise
and soundscape maps are useful tools for planning mitigation actions and for communication with
citizens. However, using the right tools, i.e., up-market smartphones, and stimulating the citizens’
awareness, a participatory sensing paradigm to collect and share sensed data from the surrounding
environment can be achieved. The physical environmental quality, including air, thermal, and lighting
quality, can be evaluated with measurements. Even though the ubiquity of mobile phones makes
mass participation feasible, it remains questionable how the public can be motivated to voluntarily
participate (opportunity, rewards, curiosity, etc.). In addition to explicitly and intentionally join a
sensing campaign, as above mentioned, they may simply share data on social media, treated as sensor
networks, with no awareness of the sensing application. One of the most important findings here is
how people react to low frequency noise at the public place and how experiences and expectations
work together. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA). The findings reveal a new
developing of 'sound architecture', which is being carried out by extraordinary sound-space
conceptions, interdisciplinary involvement, and timeless representation. The multifactorial approach
of soundscapes makes it more complicated in application; therefore, the identification and
standardization of factors is essential. Previous Article in Journal Categorization of Mouse Ultrasonic
Vocalizations Using Machine Learning Techniques. The connection between the natural soundscape
and early human culture and spirituality will be addressed. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical
Analyses (JETA). Resmi Gazete Off. J. 2010, 14012. The assessment and management of
environmental noise.